CN114284585A - Battery charging method and system - Google Patents
Battery charging method and system Download PDFInfo
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- CN114284585A CN114284585A CN202111518394.6A CN202111518394A CN114284585A CN 114284585 A CN114284585 A CN 114284585A CN 202111518394 A CN202111518394 A CN 202111518394A CN 114284585 A CN114284585 A CN 114284585A
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The invention provides a method and a system for charging a battery, which comprises the following steps: step S1: setting charging parameters according to the pulse period of the battery, and carrying out pulse charging on the battery by using the charging parameters; step S2: setting discharge parameters according to the pulse period of the battery, and carrying out pulse discharge on the battery by using the discharge parameters; step S3: the pulse charging of step S1 and the pulse discharging of step S2 are cyclically performed until the charged amount of the battery reaches a predetermined target. The current charging mode of the invention can improve the charging speed, can avoid lithium separation, particularly the lithium separation in a low SOC section, and can effectively control the polarization of the battery and reduce the capacity attenuation in the charging of the battery.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of battery charging, in particular to a battery charging method and system.
Background
Currently, the most widely used charging technique is constant current and constant voltage charging. That is, after the battery is charged to the cutoff voltage with a constant current, constant voltage charging is performed at the cutoff voltage. However, the constant current and voltage charging causes polarization of the battery to accumulate continuously due to the existence of a certain internal resistance of the battery. Cell polarization refers to the phenomenon that the cell has current passing through it, causing the cell to deviate from the equilibrium electrode potential. Battery polarization affects the rate of charging the battery.
Chinese patent publication No. CN113571790A discloses a charging method for a lithium ion battery, wherein the ambient temperature of the lithium ion battery is-10 ℃ to-40 ℃, and the method sequentially comprises the following steps: step one, intermittent pulse charging is carried out until the capacity of the battery is 20-30 percent of that of the battery; step two, a constant current stage; the charging multiplying power is 0.5C-1C, and the cut-off condition is the upper limit voltage of the battery; step three, a constant pressure stage; the charge cut-off condition was 0.05C.
In view of the above-mentioned related art, the inventor believes that the polarization accumulation phenomenon of the battery is more and more serious during the charging process at the constant current, and the charging speed of the battery is reduced, and thus, the control and elimination of the polarization phenomenon is the key to achieve the rapid and efficient charging of the battery.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the defects in the prior art, the present invention provides a method and a system for charging a battery.
The invention provides a battery charging method, which comprises the following steps:
step S1: setting charging parameters according to the pulse period of the battery, and carrying out pulse charging on the battery by using the charging parameters;
step S2: setting discharge parameters according to the pulse period of the battery, and carrying out pulse discharge on the battery by using the discharge parameters;
step S3: the pulse charging of step S1 and the pulse discharging of step S2 are cyclically performed until the charged amount of the battery reaches a predetermined target.
Preferably, in the step S1, N groups of charging parameters are set according to N pulse periods, where the charging parameters include pulse charging current and pulse charging time;
and performing pulse charging on the battery for N pulse periods by using the pulse charging current and the pulse charging time until the total charging amount of the battery reaches a preset target.
Preferably, in the step S1, when the SOC state of the battery is lower than the predetermined value, the pulse charging current of the current pulse period is larger than the pulse charging current of the previous pulse period;
when the SOC state of the battery is higher than the preset value, the pulse charging current of the current pulse period is smaller than the pulse charging current of the previous pulse period.
Preferably, in the step S1, when the SOC state of the battery is lower than a predetermined value, the current I for each pulse cycleiAccording to the formula:
wherein X1 and Y1 are SOC coefficients; w1 is the temperature coefficient; e represents a natural constant; SOC0Starting SOC for a second lithium intercalation platform of the graphite cathode of the battery; SOCiSOC before the ith pulse cycle charging of the battery, and Ti represents the ambient temperature of the battery at the beginning of the ith pulse cycle charging; i isiA pulsed charging current representing the ith pulse period; i is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to n<N; n represents the minimum number of pulse cycles required to pulse charge the battery from the current SOC state to above the preset SOC state.
Preferably, in the step S1, when the SOC state of the battery is higher than a predetermined value, the current I in each pulse cyclejAccording to the formula:
wherein X2, Y2, and V are SOC coefficients; w2 is the temperature coefficient; SOCjSOC before j pulse cycle charging of the battery, and Tj represents the ambient temperature of the battery at the beginning of j pulse cycle charging; i isjA pulsed charging current representing the jth pulse period; j is more than or equal to N +1 and less than or equal to N.
Preferably, in step S2, the discharge parameters further include a pulse discharge current and a pulse discharge time, and the battery is subjected to pulse discharge for N pulse periods using the pulse discharge current and the pulse discharge time.
Preferably, in step S3, the battery is pulse-charged for the kth pulse period by using the pulse-charging current and the pulse-charging time for the kth pulse period; performing pulse discharge of the kth pulse period on the battery by using the pulse discharge current and the pulse discharge time of the kth pulse period;
the pulse charging current of the kth pulse period is greater than or equal to the pulse discharging current of the kth pulse period; the pulse charging time of the kth pulse period is more than or equal to the pulse discharging time of the kth pulse period; k is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to N.
The invention provides a charging system of a battery, which comprises the following modules:
module M1: setting charging parameters according to the pulse period of the battery, and carrying out pulse charging on the battery by using the charging parameters;
module M2: setting discharge parameters according to the pulse period of the battery, and carrying out pulse discharge on the battery by using the discharge parameters;
module M3: the pulse charging of the module M1 and the pulse discharging of the module M2 are cyclically performed until the charge amount of the battery reaches a predetermined target.
Preferably, in the module M1, N groups of charging parameters are set according to N pulse periods, where the charging parameters include pulse charging current and pulse charging time;
and performing pulse charging on the battery for N pulse periods by using the pulse charging current and the pulse charging time until the total charging amount of the battery reaches a preset target.
Preferably, in the module M1, when the SOC state of the battery is lower than the predetermined value, the pulse charging current of the current pulse period is larger than the pulse charging current of the previous pulse period;
when the SOC state of the battery is higher than the preset value, the pulse charging current of the current pulse period is smaller than the pulse charging current of the previous pulse period.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the current charging mode can improve the charging speed;
2. the current charging mode can avoid lithium separation, particularly lithium separation in a low SOC section;
3. the present charging mode can effectively control the polarization of the battery and reduce the capacity attenuation in the charging of the battery.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that it would be obvious to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. All falling within the scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention discloses a battery charging method, which comprises the following steps as shown in figure 1: step S1: and setting charging parameters according to the pulse period of the battery, and carrying out pulse charging on the battery by using the charging parameters until the battery reaches a preset charging time or the voltage of the battery reaches a charging cut-off voltage.
Setting N groups of charging parameters according to N pulse periods, wherein the charging parameters comprise pulse charging current and pulse charging time; n includes an integer of 2 or more. And performing pulse charging on the battery for N pulse periods by using the pulse charging current and the pulse charging time until the total charging amount of the battery reaches a preset target.
And (3) carrying out pulse charging on the battery for N pulse periods by using the charging parameters, namely pulse charging current and pulse charging time until the voltage of the battery reaches a preset charging cut-off voltage. When the SOC state of the battery is lower than a preset value, namely when the SOC state of the battery is lower than the starting point of the second lithium embedding platform of the graphite cathode of the battery, the pulse charging current of the current pulse period is larger than the pulse charging current of the previous pulse period. The pulse charging current of the ith pulse period is larger than the pulse charging current of the (i-1) th pulse period, i is an integer and is more than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to N, and at the stage, the pulse charging current is gradually increased. When the SOC state of the battery is higher than a preset value, namely when the SOC state of the battery is higher than the starting point of the second lithium embedding platform of the graphite cathode of the battery, the pulse charging current of the current pulse period is smaller than the pulse charging current of the previous pulse period. The pulse charging current of the ith pulse period is less than that of the (i-1) th pulse period, i is an integer and is more than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to N, and at the stage, the pulse charging current is gradually reduced. SOC is called State of Charge in English, and Chinese translation is the State of Charge. Wherein the predetermined value is the starting point of the second lithium intercalation platform of the graphite cathode of the battery.
When the SOC state of the battery is lower than a preset value, namely when the SOC state of the battery is lower than the starting point of the second lithium intercalation platform of the graphite cathode of the battery, the charging capability of the battery is weaker, and the pulse charging current gradually increases. Current I at each pulse periodiAccording to the formula:
wherein X1 and Y1 are SOC coefficients; w1 is the temperature coefficient; x1, Y1, W1 are each constants greater than or equal to 0; e represents a natural constant; SOC0Starting SOC for a second lithium intercalation platform of the graphite cathode of the battery; SOCiSOC before charging for ith pulse cycle of the battery; ti represents the ambient temperature at the beginning of charging of the ith pulse cycle of the battery; i isiA pulsed charging current representing the ith pulse period; wherein i is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to n<N and i are integers. n represents the minimum number of pulse cycles required to pulse charge the battery from the current SOC state to above the preset SOC state. The graphite cathode has a first lithium intercalation platform, a second lithium intercalation platform and a third lithium intercalation platform, wherein the second lithium intercalation platform is the second lithium intercalation platform, or the potential of the cathode graphite for generating a 2-stage lithium ion-graphite interlayer compound.
When the SOC state of the battery is higher than a preset value, namely when the SOC state of the battery is higher than the starting point of the second lithium intercalation platform of the graphite cathode of the battery, the charging capacity of the battery is gradually reduced along with the increase of the SOC,
each pulse periodCurrent IjAccording to the formula:
wherein X2, Y2, and V are SOC coefficients; w2 is the temperature coefficient; x2, Y2, W2 are each constants greater than or equal to 0; e represents a natural constant; SOCjSOC before j pulse cycle charging of the battery, and Tj represents the ambient temperature of the battery at the beginning of j pulse cycle charging; i isjA pulsed charging current representing the jth pulse period; n +1 is not less than j and not more than N, j is an integer. When the battery is charged from the current SOC state to a state higher than the preset SOC state by the pulse number when the SOC state of the battery is lower than the preset value, the pulse number when the SOC state of the battery is higher than the preset value is at least n + 1.
The pulse charging time is generally 0.1 to 60 seconds, preferably 2 to 10 seconds.
Step S2: and setting discharge parameters according to the pulse period of the battery, and carrying out pulse discharge on the battery by using the discharge parameters. And carrying out pulse discharge on the battery by using a preset discharge current until reaching the preset discharge time. The discharging parameters also comprise pulse discharging current and pulse discharging time, and the pulse discharging current and the pulse discharging time are used for carrying out pulse discharging on the battery for N pulse periods.
Step S3: the pulse charging of step S1 and the pulse discharging of step S2 are cyclically performed until the charge amount of the battery reaches a predetermined target, i.e., steps S1 and S2 are cyclically performed until the total charge amount reaches a preset target. Pulse charging of the kth pulse period is carried out on the battery by using the pulse charging current and the pulse charging time of the kth pulse period; and carrying out pulse discharge on the battery in the k pulse period by using the pulse discharge current and the pulse discharge time in the k pulse period. The pulse charging current of the kth pulse period is greater than or equal to the pulse discharging current of the kth pulse period; the pulse charging time of the kth pulse period is more than or equal to the pulse discharging time of the kth pulse period; wherein k is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to N.
And performing pulse charging and discharging on the battery in the kth pulse period by using the pulse charging current and the pulse charging time in the kth pulse period and the pulse discharging current and the pulse discharging time in the kth pulse period until the corresponding preset time is reached. And the pulse charging current and the pulse charging time of the kth pulse period are both greater than or equal to the pulse discharging current and the pulse discharging time of the kth pulse period.
And performing pulse charging and discharging on the battery in the kth pulse period by using the pulse charging current in the kth pulse period and the pulse discharging current in the kth pulse period until the voltage of the battery reaches the preset charging cut-off voltage in the kth pulse period, wherein k is an integer and is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to N. The pulse discharge time is generally 0.01 to 20 seconds, preferably 0.5 to 2 seconds.
A standing stage can be added or not added between the k pulse period pulse charging and the k pulse period pulse discharging according to requirements, and a standing stage can be added or not added between the k pulse period pulse discharging and the (k + 1) pulse period pulse charging according to requirements, wherein k is an integer, and k is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to N.
The pulse cycle includes a pulse charge phase, a pulse discharge phase, and zero to two rest phases. The standing phase refers to a phase in which the battery is not subjected to any charge and discharge. And (3) performing pulse charging of the kth pulse period on the battery by using the pulse charging current of the kth pulse period and the pulse discharging current of the kth pulse period, wherein if the step comprises two standing stages: charging the battery with a pulse charging current of a kth pulse period in a pulse charging phase of the kth pulse period; standing the battery in a first standing stage of a kth pulse period; discharging the battery with a pulse discharge current of a kth pulse period in a pulse discharge phase of the kth pulse period; the cell is allowed to rest during the second rest phase of the kth pulse cycle.
In order to increase the charging speed of the battery, the battery can be charged by adopting a pulse charging method. The battery is pulse charged with a constant pulse charging current and a constant pulse discharging current. The battery is rapidly charged by a large current. And then, the control and elimination of the large-current charging polarization phenomenon in the previous step are realized through large-current discharging, the occurrence of side reactions is restrained, the damage to the battery is reduced, and the integral charging rate is improved.
The embodiment of the invention also discloses a battery charging system, which comprises the following modules: module M1: and setting charging parameters according to the pulse period of the battery, and carrying out pulse charging on the battery by using the charging parameters. Setting N groups of charging parameters according to N pulse periods, wherein the charging parameters comprise pulse charging current and pulse charging time; n includes an integer of 2 or more. And performing pulse charging on the battery for N pulse periods by using the pulse charging current and the pulse charging time until the total charging amount of the battery reaches a preset target. When the SOC state of the battery is lower than a preset value, the pulse charging current of the current pulse period is larger than the pulse charging current of the previous pulse period; when the SOC state of the battery is higher than the preset value, the pulse charging current of the current pulse period is smaller than the pulse charging current of the previous pulse period.
Module M2: and setting discharge parameters according to the pulse period of the battery, and carrying out pulse discharge on the battery by using the discharge parameters. Module M3: the pulse charging of the module M1 and the pulse discharging of the module M2 are cyclically performed until the charge amount of the battery reaches a predetermined target.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that, in addition to implementing the system and its various devices, modules, units provided by the present invention as pure computer readable program code, the system and its various devices, modules, units provided by the present invention can be fully implemented by logically programming method steps in the form of logic gates, switches, application specific integrated circuits, programmable logic controllers, embedded microcontrollers and the like. Therefore, the system and various devices, modules and units thereof provided by the invention can be regarded as a hardware component, and the devices, modules and units included in the system for realizing various functions can also be regarded as structures in the hardware component; means, modules, units for performing the various functions may also be regarded as structures within both software modules and hardware components for performing the method.
The foregoing description of specific embodiments of the present invention has been presented. It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and that various changes or modifications may be made by one skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention. The embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other arbitrarily without conflict.
Claims (10)
1. A method of charging a battery, comprising the steps of:
step S1: setting charging parameters according to the pulse period of the battery, and carrying out pulse charging on the battery by using the charging parameters;
step S2: setting discharge parameters according to the pulse period of the battery, and carrying out pulse discharge on the battery by using the discharge parameters;
step S3: the pulse charging of step S1 and the pulse discharging of step S2 are cyclically performed until the charged amount of the battery reaches a predetermined target.
2. The method for charging a battery according to claim 1, wherein in the step S1, N sets of charging parameters are set according to N pulse periods, the charging parameters including a pulse charging current and a pulse charging time;
and performing pulse charging on the battery for N pulse periods by using the pulse charging current and the pulse charging time until the total charging amount of the battery reaches a preset target.
3. The battery charging method according to claim 2, wherein in the step S1, when the battery SOC state is lower than the predetermined value, the pulse charging current of the current pulse period is larger than the pulse charging current of the previous pulse period;
when the SOC state of the battery is higher than the preset value, the pulse charging current of the current pulse period is smaller than the pulse charging current of the previous pulse period.
4. According to claim 3In the above battery charging method, in step S1, when the SOC state of the battery is lower than a predetermined value, the current I for each pulse cycle is set to be smaller than the predetermined valueiAccording to the formula:
wherein X1 and Y1 are SOC coefficients; w1 is the temperature coefficient; e represents a natural constant; SOC0Starting SOC for a second lithium intercalation platform of the graphite cathode of the battery; SOCiSOC before the ith pulse cycle charging of the battery, and Ti represents the ambient temperature of the battery at the beginning of the ith pulse cycle charging; i isiA pulsed charging current representing the ith pulse period; i is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to n<N; n represents the minimum number of pulse cycles required to pulse charge the battery from the current SOC state to above the preset SOC state.
5. The battery charging method according to claim 4, wherein in the step S1, when the SOC state of the battery is higher than a predetermined value, the current I of each pulse cyclejAccording to the formula:
wherein X2, Y2, and V are SOC coefficients; w2 is the temperature coefficient; SOCjSOC before j pulse cycle charging of the battery, and Tj represents the ambient temperature of the battery at the beginning of j pulse cycle charging; i isjA pulsed charging current representing the jth pulse period; j is more than or equal to N +1 and less than or equal to N.
6. The method for charging a battery according to claim 1, wherein in the step S2, the discharge parameters further include a pulse discharge current and a pulse discharge time, and the battery is subjected to pulse discharge for N pulse periods using the pulse discharge current and the pulse discharge time.
7. The method for charging a battery according to claim 6, wherein in the step S3, the battery is pulse-charged for a k-th pulse period by using a pulse-charging current and a pulse-charging time for the k-th pulse period; performing pulse discharge of the kth pulse period on the battery by using the pulse discharge current and the pulse discharge time of the kth pulse period;
the pulse charging current of the kth pulse period is greater than or equal to the pulse discharging current of the kth pulse period; the pulse charging time of the kth pulse period is more than or equal to the pulse discharging time of the kth pulse period; k is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to N.
8. A charging system for a battery, comprising:
module M1: setting charging parameters according to the pulse period of the battery, and carrying out pulse charging on the battery by using the charging parameters;
module M2: setting discharge parameters according to the pulse period of the battery, and carrying out pulse discharge on the battery by using the discharge parameters;
module M3: the pulse charging of the module M1 and the pulse discharging of the module M2 are cyclically performed until the charge amount of the battery reaches a predetermined target.
9. The battery charging system according to claim 8, wherein in the module M1, N sets of charging parameters are set according to N pulse periods, the charging parameters including pulse charging current and pulse charging time;
and performing pulse charging on the battery for N pulse periods by using the pulse charging current and the pulse charging time until the total charging amount of the battery reaches a preset target.
10. The battery charging system according to claim 9, wherein in the module M1, when the battery SOC state is lower than the predetermined value, the pulse charging current of the current pulse period is larger than the pulse charging current of the previous pulse period;
when the SOC state of the battery is higher than the preset value, the pulse charging current of the current pulse period is smaller than the pulse charging current of the previous pulse period.
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| CN107093777A (en) * | 2017-04-13 | 2017-08-25 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | Battery charging method and device |
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| CN110611133A (en) * | 2019-09-20 | 2019-12-24 | 河南锂动电源有限公司 | Charging method of lithium ion battery management system |
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