CN114282014A - Storage method and system of streaming media file - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a storage method of a stream media file and a system realization thereof, comprising the following steps: formatting a memory for storing the streaming media file, and dividing the memory into a plurality of different areas including an index area and a snapshot area; creating a multi-layer index in the index area, wherein the multi-layer index comprises a top-layer index, a second-layer index and a key frame index, the top-layer index is indexed by the date and the type of the stream segment of the stream media file, the second-layer index is indexed by the start time and the end time of the stream segment of the stream media file, and the key frame index is indexed by the key frame of the stream segment of the stream media file; and two snapshots of the index area, which are kept updated, are placed in the snapshot area and used for data recovery when the power is turned on again after power failure. The technical scheme provided by the invention can save storage space, improve storage efficiency, optimize retrieval, improve the retrieval speed of the streaming media and provide a power failure protection mechanism.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of security and protection, in particular to a method and a system for storing a streaming media file.
Background
A Network Video Recorder (NVR) is a store-and-forward part of a Network Video monitoring system, and the core function of the NVR is the store and forward of Video streams. The file system is a method and data structure used by an operating system to specify files on a storage device (usually a disk, and also a NAND Flash-based solid state disk) or a partition; i.e. a method of organizing files on a storage device. Streaming Media (Streaming Media) technology is a technology that compresses a series of Media data and transmits the compressed Media data in a Streaming manner in a network in segments to realize real-time transmission of video and audio on the network for viewing.
At present, a storage system used in NVR on the market is generally implemented based on a general file system, and does not perform related optimization for storage of streaming media files, and problems may occur, such as metadata information redundancy, low retrieval efficiency, data file recovery after power failure, and the like.
Therefore, it is a desirable objective in the art to solve the problems of metadata information redundancy, low retrieval efficiency, and data file recovery after power failure.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a method and a system for storing a streaming media file, which can save storage space, improve storage efficiency, optimize retrieval, increase the speed of streaming media retrieval, and provide a power failure protection mechanism.
The invention provides a storage method of a streaming media file, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
formatting a memory for storing the streaming media file, and dividing the memory into a plurality of different areas including an index area and a snapshot area;
creating a multi-layer index in the index area, wherein the multi-layer index comprises a top-layer index, a two-layer index and a key frame index, the top-layer index is indexed according to the date and the type of the stream segment of the stream media file, the two-layer index is indexed according to the start time and the end time of the stream segment of the stream media file, and the key frame index is indexed according to the key frame of the stream segment of the stream media file;
and two snapshots which are updated and reserved in the index area are placed in the snapshot area and used for data recovery when the power is turned on again after power failure.
Preferably, the plurality of different areas further include a data area, the method further includes a streaming media writing operation step, and the writing operation step includes:
searching whether a root index node of the streaming media file exists in the cache data of the top index memory;
if yes, selecting an existing root index node;
updating index node information;
searching or creating a stream segment index according to the index node information;
and writing data into the data area according to the stream segment index of the streaming media file and creating a new frame index.
Preferably, the writing operation step further includes:
if the index data does not exist, reading the index data from the memory and caching;
judging whether a root index node of the streaming media file exists or not;
if yes, returning to the step of selecting one existing root index node;
if not, selecting an unused root index node, and returning to the step of updating the index node information.
Preferably, the method further comprises a streaming media reading operation step, and the reading operation step includes:
searching whether a root index node of the streaming media file exists in the cache data of the top index memory;
if yes, selecting an existing root index node;
searching whether a streaming media index exists according to the root index node;
if yes, reading the stream segment data of the stream media file;
if not, no relevant flow segment data exists and a read error is returned.
Preferably, the read operation step further includes:
if the streaming media file does not exist, reading index data from the memory and caching;
judging whether a root index node of the streaming media file exists or not;
if yes, returning to the step of finding the root index node;
if not, no relevant flow segment data exists and a read error is returned.
Preferably, the plurality of different areas further include a bitmap area, and the method further includes a streaming media deletion operation step, where the deletion operation step includes:
searching whether a root index node of the streaming media file exists in the cache data of the top index memory;
if yes, selecting an existing root index node;
searching whether a streaming media index exists according to the root index node;
if so, setting the state of the root index node and modifying the bitmap area.
Preferably, the deleting operation further includes:
if the streaming media file does not exist, reading index data from the memory and caching;
judging whether the streaming media file exists or not;
if yes, returning to the step of finding the root index node.
In another aspect, the present invention further provides a storage system for streaming media files, wherein the system comprises a partitioning module and an indexing module, wherein,
the partition module is used for formatting a memory for storing the streaming media file and dividing the memory into a plurality of different areas including an index area and a snapshot area;
the index module is configured to create a multi-layer index in the index area, where the multi-layer index includes a top-layer index, a two-layer index, and a key frame index, the top-layer index is indexed by the date and the stream segment type of the stream media file, the two-layer index is indexed by the start time and the end time of the stream segment of the stream media file, and the key frame index is indexed by the key frame of the stream segment of the stream media file;
the index module is further configured to place two snapshots, which are updated and reserved in the index area, in the snapshot area, and to perform data recovery when the power is turned on again after power failure.
Preferably, the plurality of different areas further include a data area, and the system further includes a streaming media write operation module, where the streaming media write operation module is configured to:
searching whether a root index node of the streaming media file exists in the cache data of the top index memory;
if yes, selecting an existing root index node;
updating index node information;
searching or creating a stream segment index according to the index node information;
and writing data into the data area according to the stream segment index of the streaming media file and creating a new frame index.
Preferably, the streaming media writing operation module is further configured to:
if the index data does not exist, reading the index data from the memory and caching;
judging whether a root index node of the streaming media file exists or not;
if yes, returning to the step of selecting one existing root index node;
if not, selecting an unused root index node, and returning to the step of updating the index node information.
Preferably, the system further includes a streaming media reading module, where the streaming media reading module is configured to:
searching whether a root index node of the streaming media file exists in the cache data of the top index memory;
if yes, selecting an existing root index node;
searching whether a streaming media index exists according to the root index node;
if yes, reading the stream segment data of the stream media file;
if not, no relevant flow segment data exists and a read error is returned.
Preferably, the streaming media reading operation module is further configured to:
if the streaming media file does not exist, reading index data from the memory and caching;
judging whether a root index node of the streaming media file exists or not;
if yes, returning to the step of finding the root index node;
if not, no relevant flow segment data exists and a read error is returned.
Preferably, the plurality of different areas further include a bitmap area, and the system further includes a streaming media deletion operation module, where the streaming media deletion operation module is configured to:
searching whether a root index node of the streaming media file exists in the cache data of the top index memory;
if yes, selecting an existing root index node;
searching whether a streaming media index exists according to the root index node;
if so, setting the state of the root index node and modifying the bitmap area.
Preferably, the streaming media deletion operation module is further configured to:
if the streaming media file does not exist, reading index data from the memory and caching;
judging whether the streaming media file exists or not;
if yes, returning to the step of finding the root index node.
The technical scheme provided by the invention has the following advantages: the method can save storage space, improve storage efficiency, optimize retrieval, improve retrieval speed of the streaming media, and provide a power failure protection mechanism.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart illustrating a method for storing a streaming media file according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a storage system for streaming media files according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The following will describe a storage method of a streaming media file provided by the present invention in detail.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart illustrating a method for storing a streaming media file according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the embodiment, the invention creates a new streaming media storage system aiming at the characteristics of the streaming media, so that the storage space can be saved, and the storage efficiency can be improved; the retrieval can be optimized, and the retrieval speed of the streaming media is improved; a power down protection mechanism can be provided; the operations of storing, accessing, deleting, modifying and the like of the common file can be provided.
In step S1, the memory storing the streaming media file is formatted and divided into a plurality of different areas including the index area and the snapshot area.
In the present embodiment, a memory (that is, a hard disk) for storing a streaming media file is formatted, rearranged, and divided into the following areas: the system comprises a super block (Superblock) area, a bitmap (bitmap) area, a Bad block (Bad block map) area, a snapshot area, an index area, a streaming media storage area and a common file storage area, wherein the index area, the streaming media storage area and the common file storage area are all used as data areas. In the present embodiment, the memory is formatted and the layout is repeated, so that the memory space can be saved and the memory efficiency can be improved.
In this embodiment, the setting of the key parameter of the memory of the streaming media file further includes: (1) block size setting: the minimum storage unit of the hard disk is called sector, each sector stores 512 bytes, and when an operating system reads the hard disk, the operating system cannot read the sectors one by one, so that the efficiency is very low. The block is commonly 1KB, 2KB, 4KB, 32KB, 64KB, 128KB, 256KB and the like, the memory provided by the invention is mainly used for storing streaming media, and one block is set to be 256 KB; (2) setting the size of a cluster file: the size of a plurality of consecutive blocks constitutes a segment, and the cluster file size is set to 256 MB.
In step S2, a multi-layer index is created in the index area, the multi-layer index including a top-layer index indexed by the date and the stream segment type of the stream media file, a two-layer index indexed by the stream segment start time and the end time of the stream media file, and a key frame index indexed by the key frame of the stream segment of the stream media file.
In the present embodiment, since the streaming media file has no start/end flag, the stream segment is divided into a start time and an end time. The invention creates a multi-layer index for the stream segment, the top layer index takes date and stream segment type as search key words, the second layer index takes stream segment start time and end time as index, in addition, the invention also indexes the key frame of the stream segment because the key frame has important function in the stream media file, namely, the key frame index. In the embodiment, the multi-layer index is created in the index area, so that the retrieval can be optimized, and the retrieval speed of the streaming media is improved.
In this embodiment, (1) the super block area is 512 bytes, and occupies the first sector of the hard disk; (2) the bitmap area marks each block of all areas of the hard disk except the super block area, wherein 1bit corresponds to one block, and the size of the block can be calculated through (total _ size-512)/block _ size; (3) the bad block area is used for marking the bad block area and has the size of 1 block; (4) the top-level index occupies a cluster file with the size of 256MB, wherein the top-level index file is stored according to the day, and the same top-level index is used in the same channel and the same streaming media type on the same day; (5) the second-layer index is stored in the data area, is used for storing a second-layer index file and is used for storing stream media data indexes of different times in one day; (6) the i frame index (namely key frame index) is stored in the data area and used for storing the i frame index (namely key frame) in the stream segment, and the sequence number of the i frame in the stream segment is increased in order to facilitate quick index; (7) and the streaming media storage area is used for storing the streaming media data.
In step S3, two snapshots of the index area that are kept updated are placed in the snapshot area for data recovery when power is restored after power failure.
In the embodiment, two snapshots which are updated and reserved in the index area are placed in the snapshot area, a power failure protection mechanism can be provided, when the NVR is electrified again, the latest snapshot can be verified, and a proper snapshot is selected for recovery according to the verification result.
In this embodiment, the method for storing a streaming media file further includes a step of writing the streaming media file, where the step of writing includes:
searching whether a root index node of the streaming media file exists in the cache data of the top index memory;
if yes, selecting an existing root index node;
updating index node information;
searching or creating a stream segment index according to the index node information;
data is written to the data area according to the stream segment index of the streaming media file and a new frame index is created.
In this embodiment, the writing step further includes:
if not, reading the index data from the memory and caching;
judging whether a root index node of the streaming media file exists or not;
if yes, returning to the step of selecting an existing root index node;
if not, selecting an unused root index node, and returning to the step of updating the index node information.
In this embodiment, the LRU mode is used to store the top-level index and the sub-level index that are used recently, and the pre-reading technology is also used to read the current block and the data near the current block, and according to the stream media storage characteristics of NVR, most of the time is write operation, so that the data near the current index block is pre-read in general, and the bitmap area corresponding to the stream media data block is also updated.
In this embodiment, the method for storing a streaming media file further includes a step of reading the streaming media, where the step of reading includes:
searching whether a root index node of the streaming media file exists in the cache data of the top index memory;
if yes, selecting an existing root index node;
searching whether a streaming media index exists according to the root index node;
if yes, reading the stream segment data of the stream media file;
if not, no relevant flow segment data exists and a read error is returned.
In this embodiment, the reading step further includes:
if the streaming media file does not exist, reading the index data from the memory and caching;
judging whether a root index node of the streaming media file exists or not;
if yes, returning to the step of finding the root index node;
if not, no relevant flow segment data exists and a read error is returned.
In this embodiment, in a read operation, if the two-layer index does not exist, it is immediately returned.
In this embodiment, the method for storing a streaming media file further includes a streaming media deletion operation step, where the deletion operation step includes:
searching whether a root index node of the streaming media file exists in the cache data of the top index memory;
if yes, selecting an existing root index node;
searching whether a streaming media index exists according to the root index node;
if so, setting the state of the root index node and modifying the bitmap area.
In this embodiment, the deleting operation further includes:
if the streaming media file does not exist, reading the index data from the memory and caching;
judging whether a streaming media file exists or not;
if yes, returning to the step of finding the root index node.
In this embodiment, the top-level and second-level index node data are restored to the initialized state, and the bitmap area of the streaming media data segment is restored.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a storage system for streaming media files according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In this embodiment, the storage system 10 for streaming media files includes a partitioning module 11, an indexing module 12, a streaming media writing operation module 13, a streaming media reading operation module 14, and a streaming media deleting operation module 15.
The partitioning module 11 is configured to format a memory for storing the streaming media file, and partition the memory into a plurality of different areas including an index area and a snapshot area.
The index module 12 is configured to create a multi-layer index in the index area, where the multi-layer index includes a top-layer index, a second-layer index, and a key frame index, the top-layer index is indexed by a date and a stream segment type of the stream media file, the second-layer index is indexed by a stream segment start time and an end time of the stream media file, and the key frame index is indexed by a key frame of the stream segment of the stream media file.
The index module 12 is further configured to place two snapshots, which are reserved for updating the index area, in the snapshot area, and to perform data recovery when the power is turned on again after the power is off.
In this embodiment, the streaming media write operation module 13 is configured to:
searching whether a root index node of the streaming media file exists in the cache data of the top index memory;
if yes, selecting an existing root index node;
updating index node information;
searching or creating a stream segment index according to the index node information;
data is written to the data area according to the stream segment index of the streaming media file and a new frame index is created.
In this embodiment, the streaming media write operation module 13 is further configured to:
if not, reading the index data from the memory and caching;
judging whether a root index node of the streaming media file exists or not;
if yes, returning to the step of selecting an existing root index node;
if not, selecting an unused root index node, and returning to the step of updating the index node information.
In this embodiment, the streaming media read operation module 14 is configured to:
searching whether a root index node of the streaming media file exists in the cache data of the top index memory;
if yes, selecting an existing root index node;
searching whether a streaming media index exists according to the root index node;
if yes, reading the stream segment data of the stream media file;
if not, no relevant flow segment data exists and a read error is returned.
In this embodiment, the streaming media read operation module 14 is further configured to:
if the streaming media file does not exist, reading the index data from the memory and caching;
judging whether a root index node of the streaming media file exists or not;
if yes, returning to the step of finding the root index node;
if not, no relevant flow segment data exists and a read error is returned.
In this embodiment, the streaming media deletion operation module 15 is configured to:
searching whether a root index node of the streaming media file exists in the cache data of the top index memory;
if yes, selecting an existing root index node;
searching whether a streaming media index exists according to the root index node;
if so, setting the state of the root index node and modifying the bitmap area.
In this embodiment, the streaming media deletion operation module 15 is further configured to:
if the streaming media file does not exist, reading the index data from the memory and caching;
judging whether a streaming media file exists or not;
if yes, returning to the step of finding the root index node.
In the present embodiment, the detailed description of the system apparatus item refers to the detailed description of the method item shown in fig. 1, and will not be repeated here.
The technical scheme provided by the invention has the following advantages: the method can save storage space, improve storage efficiency, optimize retrieval, improve retrieval speed of the streaming media, and provide a power failure protection mechanism.
It should be noted that, in the above embodiments, the included units are only divided according to functional logic, but are not limited to the above division as long as the corresponding functions can be realized; in addition, specific names of the functional units are only for convenience of distinguishing from each other, and are not used for limiting the protection scope of the present invention.
In addition, it can be understood by those skilled in the art that all or part of the steps in the method for implementing the embodiments described above can be implemented by instructing the relevant hardware through a program, and the corresponding program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, such as a ROM/RAM, a magnetic disk, or an optical disk.
The present invention is not limited to the above preferred embodiments, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (14)
1. A method for storing a streaming media file, the method comprising:
formatting a memory for storing the streaming media file, and dividing the memory into a plurality of different areas including an index area and a snapshot area;
creating a multi-layer index in the index area, wherein the multi-layer index comprises a top-layer index, a two-layer index and a key frame index, the top-layer index is indexed according to the date and the type of the stream segment of the stream media file, the two-layer index is indexed according to the start time and the end time of the stream segment of the stream media file, and the key frame index is indexed according to the key frame of the stream segment of the stream media file;
and two snapshots which are updated and reserved in the index area are placed in the snapshot area and used for data recovery when the power is turned on again after power failure.
2. The method of storing a streaming media file according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of different areas further include a data area, the method further comprising a streaming media writing step, the writing step comprising:
searching whether a root index node of the streaming media file exists in the cache data of the top index memory;
if yes, selecting an existing root index node;
updating index node information;
searching or creating a stream segment index according to the index node information;
and writing data into the data area according to the stream segment index of the streaming media file and creating a new frame index.
3. The method for storing a streaming media file according to claim 2, wherein the writing step further comprises:
if the index data does not exist, reading the index data from the memory and caching;
judging whether a root index node of the streaming media file exists or not;
if yes, returning to the step of selecting one existing root index node;
if not, selecting an unused root index node, and returning to the step of updating the index node information.
4. The method for storing a streaming media file according to claim 1, wherein the method further comprises a streaming media reading operation step, and the reading operation step comprises:
searching whether a root index node of the streaming media file exists in the cache data of the top index memory;
if yes, selecting an existing root index node;
searching whether a streaming media index exists according to the root index node;
if yes, reading the stream segment data of the stream media file;
if not, no relevant flow segment data exists and a read error is returned.
5. The method for storing a streaming media file according to claim 4, wherein the reading operation step further comprises:
if the streaming media file does not exist, reading index data from the memory and caching;
judging whether a root index node of the streaming media file exists or not;
if yes, returning to the step of finding the root index node;
if not, no relevant flow segment data exists and a read error is returned.
6. The method for storing a streaming media file according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of different areas further include a bitmap area, the method further comprising a streaming media deletion operation step, the deletion operation step comprising:
searching whether a root index node of the streaming media file exists in the cache data of the top index memory;
if yes, selecting an existing root index node;
searching whether a streaming media index exists according to the root index node;
if so, setting the state of the root index node and modifying the bitmap area.
7. The method for storing a streaming media file according to claim 6, wherein the deleting operation further comprises:
if the streaming media file does not exist, reading index data from the memory and caching;
judging whether the streaming media file exists or not;
if yes, returning to the step of finding the root index node.
8. A storage system of a streaming media file, the system comprising a partitioning module and an indexing module, wherein,
the partition module is used for formatting a memory for storing the streaming media file and dividing the memory into a plurality of different areas including an index area and a snapshot area;
the index module is configured to create a multi-layer index in the index area, where the multi-layer index includes a top-layer index, a two-layer index, and a key frame index, the top-layer index is indexed by the date and the stream segment type of the stream media file, the two-layer index is indexed by the start time and the end time of the stream segment of the stream media file, and the key frame index is indexed by the key frame of the stream segment of the stream media file;
the index module is further configured to place two snapshots, which are updated and reserved in the index area, in the snapshot area, and to perform data recovery when the power is turned on again after power failure.
9. The storage system for streaming media files according to claim 8, wherein the plurality of different areas further include a data area, the system further comprising a streaming media write operation module, the streaming media write operation module being configured to:
searching whether a root index node of the streaming media file exists in the cache data of the top index memory;
if yes, selecting an existing root index node;
updating index node information;
searching or creating a stream segment index according to the index node information;
and writing data into the data area according to the stream segment index of the streaming media file and creating a new frame index.
10. The storage system for streaming media files of claim 9, wherein the streaming media write operation module is further configured to:
if the index data does not exist, reading the index data from the memory and caching;
judging whether a root index node of the streaming media file exists or not;
if yes, returning to the step of selecting one existing root index node;
if not, selecting an unused root index node, and returning to the step of updating the index node information.
11. The system for storing a streaming media file as claimed in claim 8, wherein the system further comprises a streaming media read operation module, the streaming media read operation module is configured to:
searching whether a root index node of the streaming media file exists in the cache data of the top index memory;
if yes, selecting an existing root index node;
searching whether a streaming media index exists according to the root index node;
if yes, reading the stream segment data of the stream media file;
if not, no relevant flow segment data exists and a read error is returned.
12. The storage system for streaming media files of claim 11, wherein the streaming media read operation module is further configured to:
if the streaming media file does not exist, reading index data from the memory and caching;
judging whether a root index node of the streaming media file exists or not;
if yes, returning to the step of finding the root index node;
if not, no relevant flow segment data exists and a read error is returned.
13. The system for storing a streaming media file according to claim 8, wherein the plurality of different areas further include a bitmap area, the system further comprising a streaming media deletion operation module configured to:
searching whether a root index node of the streaming media file exists in the cache data of the top index memory;
if yes, selecting an existing root index node;
searching whether a streaming media index exists according to the root index node;
if so, setting the state of the root index node and modifying the bitmap area.
14. The system for storing a streaming media file as claimed in claim 13, wherein the streaming media deletion operation module is further configured to:
if the streaming media file does not exist, reading index data from the memory and caching;
judging whether the streaming media file exists or not;
if yes, returning to the step of finding the root index node.
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| CN202011480669.7A CN114282014A (en) | 2020-12-15 | 2020-12-15 | Storage method and system of streaming media file |
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| CN202011480669.7A CN114282014A (en) | 2020-12-15 | 2020-12-15 | Storage method and system of streaming media file |
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