CN114280234B - Device and method for quality control and effect evaluation test in earthen site anchoring and reinforcement process - Google Patents
Device and method for quality control and effect evaluation test in earthen site anchoring and reinforcement process Download PDFInfo
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- CN114280234B CN114280234B CN202111516280.8A CN202111516280A CN114280234B CN 114280234 B CN114280234 B CN 114280234B CN 202111516280 A CN202111516280 A CN 202111516280A CN 114280234 B CN114280234 B CN 114280234B
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of quality evaluation of anchor reinforcement of earthen sites, and is mainly applied to defect identification, health diagnosis and working performance detection research from the installation process of an earthen site anchor system to the long-term service period; in particular to a test device and a test method for quality control and effect evaluation in the anchoring and reinforcement process of the earthen site. The device comprises an anchoring system, an anchoring blank defect, an anchor rod comprehensive parameter measuring system, an acoustic frequency stress wave nondestructive testing system and a fiber bragg grating strain monitoring system; the device and the method for evaluating the quality control and the effect of the earthen site anchoring and reinforcing process are rich in functions, high in integration level, easy to adjust test conditions, wide in age, rich in working conditions and stable in data.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of quality evaluation of anchor reinforcement of earthen sites, and is mainly applied to defect identification, health diagnosis and working performance detection research from the installation process of an earthen site anchor system to the long-term service period; in particular to a test device and a test method for quality control and effect evaluation in the anchoring and reinforcement process of the earthen site.
Background
The earthen site is an important component of the geotechnical cultural relics, reflects the transformation and utilization capacity of human beings to natural environments, and provides important evidence basis for human civilization activities, social relations and economic foundations in a specific period. The soil relics are largely remained in northwest arid and semiarid regions of China, and have the characteristics of large history span, wide distribution range, high cultural relic value and the like in space-time, and the soil buildings greatly promote the mutual fusion and progress of civilization along the silk road. Under the situation of the promotion of national cultural strategy, scientific protection of earthen sites is an important task for utilizing, inheriting and developing the historical culture of the silk road and the area.
The structural characteristics and the material composition of the site soil body determine the vulnerability of the soil site. Under the action of long-term natural force, diseases in various forms appear on the earthen site body and the carrier, wherein the stability problem caused by fracture cutting is most prominent, and the long-term preservation of the earthen site is seriously affected. Under the background that a large number of earthen sites are needed to be protected and reinforced, the anchor rod anchoring technology provides technical support for controlling the mechanical stability of the earthen sites, and the authenticity, the integrity and the continuity of the value of the earthen sites are ensured. The current research application and the obtained social benefit show that the earthen site anchoring technology is gradually developed into an independent direction, and becomes an important branch in the anchoring technology science. In view of cultural relics properties of earthen sites, a nondestructive testing technology for realizing quick, high-precision and reliable anchoring construction quality and working state is a necessary trend of the development of the earthen site anchoring. However, in the research at the present stage, based on the embedded resistance type strain detection element and the transient lossy anchor pull-out test, the method can not meet the requirements of revealing the health state and the long-term working performance of the anchor system during the installation process to the long-term service period, and causes the risk uncertainty and the potential hidden trouble after the reinforcement of the earthen site. Therefore, developing a full life cycle test device and method integrating anchor defect identification, health diagnosis and working performance detection becomes a technical problem to be solved urgently, and theoretical and method support can be provided for an anchor system process quality control and effect evaluation technical system in preventive protection directly.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a test device and a test method for quality control and effect evaluation in an earthen site anchoring and reinforcing process, and aims to solve the problems that the existing test based on an embedded resistance type strain detection element and a transient lossy anchoring and pulling test can not meet the requirements of revealing the health state and long-term working performance of an anchoring system in a period from an installation process to long-term service, and the risk uncertainty and potential hidden trouble after the earthen site is reinforced.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the quality control and effect evaluation test device for the earthen site anchoring process comprises an anchoring system, an anchoring blank slurry defect, an anchor rod comprehensive parameter measurement system, an acoustic frequency stress wave nondestructive detection system and a fiber bragg grating strain monitoring system;
the anchoring system is used for simulating the anchoring and reinforcement of the earthen site;
the defect of the anchoring blank slurry is that, the method is used for simulating the defect of partial slurry insufficiency in the anchoring system;
the anchor rod parameter measuring system is used for providing a drawing force for a test anchor rod and measuring an anchoring force and an anchor rod displacement of an anchoring system;
the acoustic stress wave nondestructive detection system is used for length inversion detection of an anchor rod body, compactness detection of an anchoring system, anchoring defect position and length inversion detection and offset anchor rod inversion detection;
the fiber bragg grating strain monitoring system is used for monitoring and testing strain distribution characteristics of an anchor rod-anchoring slurry interface and an anchoring slurry-rammed soil layer interface and a temperature change rule of bonding and solidification of the anchoring slurry;
further, the anchoring system comprises a transparent PVC pipe, a rammed soil layer, anchoring slurry, an anchor rod centering bracket, a test anchor rod and a rotary bearing plate; the rammed soil layer is rammed in the transparent PVC pipe, and anchor holes are formed in the rammed soil layer; the anchor rod centering support is sleeved on the outer side of the test anchor rod; the rotary bearing plate is fixed at the bottom of the test anchor rod; the test anchor rod is arranged at the center of an anchor hole of the rammed soil layer; the anchoring slurry is poured between the anchor hole of the rammed earth layer and the test anchor rod.
Further, the anchor slurry defects include PVC pipes and EPS foam; the PVC pipe is arranged between the test anchor rod and the anchoring slurry, and isolates the test anchor rod from the anchoring slurry; EPS foam passes through the adhesive shutoff in PVC pipe both sides, makes the inside airtight local blank thick liquid section that forms of PVC pipe.
Further, the anchor rod parameter measurement system comprises a hollow hydraulic oil cylinder, a manual oil pump, a hollow sensor, a pull rod type displacement sensor, a magnetic gauge stand, a digital display instrument, a rotary anchor rod anchorage device, a steel hollow counter-force plate and a computer; the steel hollow counter-force plate penetrates through the test anchor rod and is arranged at the top end of the transparent PVC pipe; the hollow hydraulic cylinder penetrates through the test anchor rod and is arranged on the steel hollow counter-force plate; the manual oil pump is connected with the hollow hydraulic oil cylinder through an oil pipe; the hollow pressure sensor penetrates through the test anchor rod and is arranged at the top end of the hollow hydraulic cylinder; the rotary anchor rod anchorage device penetrates through the test anchor rod and is fixed at the top end of the pressure sensor; the pull rod type displacement sensor is fixed on the side wall of the hollow pressure sensor through a magnetic gauge stand; the digital display instrument is connected with the hollow pressure sensor and the pull rod type displacement sensor through wires; the computer is connected with the digital display instrument through a wire.
Further, the acoustic frequency stress wave nondestructive detection system comprises an anchor rod nondestructive detector, a piezoelectric accelerometer and an excitation device; the excitation device is arranged at the top of the test anchor rod, and generates an excitation source at the top of the test anchor rod when in operation; the piezoelectric accelerometer is arranged at the top of the test anchor rod, and is used for receiving the reflected signal when in operation; the anchor rod nondestructive detector is connected with the piezoelectric accelerometer through a wire; the anchor rod nondestructive detector is connected with the computer through a wire.
Preferably, the exciting device 43 is any one of an exciting hammer and a super-magnetic source.
Further, the fiber bragg grating strain monitoring system comprises a fiber bragg grating demodulator, an optical fiber, a fiber bragg grating strain sensor and a fiber bragg grating temperature sensor; the fiber bragg grating strain sensor and the fiber bragg grating temperature sensor are inscribed on the optical fiber, and serial multi-point measurement is formed on the optical fiber; the optical fibers are bonded and packaged in the prefabricated groove of the test anchor rod along the axial direction of the anchor rod, so that the interface strain of the grating of the fiber grating strain sensor and the interface strain of the test anchor rod-anchoring slurry are cooperatively changed, and the bonding and curing temperatures of the grating of the fiber grating temperature sensor and the interface of the test anchor rod-anchoring slurry are cooperatively changed; the optical fiber is axially bonded and fixed on the inner wall of the anchor hole of the rammed earth layer along the anchoring system, so that the grating of the fiber grating strain sensor and the interface strain of the anchoring slurry-rammed earth layer cooperatively change, and the grating of the fiber grating temperature sensor and the interface bonding curing temperature of the anchoring slurry-rammed earth layer cooperatively change; the fiber bragg grating demodulator is connected with the optical fiber through a wire; the fiber bragg grating demodulator is connected with a computer through a wire.
A test method of a quality control and effect evaluation test device for an earthen site anchoring and reinforcing process comprises the following steps:
in the initial grouting period to the long-term maintenance process of the anchoring system slurry, each measuring, detecting and monitoring system can independently perform a test, and can also complete the test in a combined way;
preferably, the test method for the independent test of the anchor rod comprehensive parameter measurement system is as follows: basic tests and creep tests of the anchoring system can be completed through loading grades, loading cycles and observing time changes; the digital display instrument stores the result and analyzes the age pulling resistance, age load-displacement relation, age load-elastic displacement relation and age load-plastic displacement relation of the anchoring system in software through a computer;
preferably, the test method for the independent test of the acoustic stress wave nondestructive testing system is as follows: based on a Fourier transform and Hilbert-Huang vibration signal analysis processing method, the anchor rod nondestructive detector stores results, and the computer analyzes the fixed wave speed and fundamental frequency equal frequency characteristic relation of the anchor system in the software to test the reflection signal characteristics of the anchor rod bottom and the anchor defect, thereby realizing the length inversion age detection of the test anchor rod body, the compactness age detection of the anchor system, the anchor defect position and length inversion age detection and the offset anchor rod inversion age detection;
preferably, the test method for the fiber bragg grating strain monitoring system in the independent test is as follows: based on the change of grating reflection wavelength in the fiber bragg grating strain sensor and the fiber bragg grating temperature sensor, analyzing the storage result of the fiber bragg grating demodulator in software by a computer to test strain distribution age characteristics and temperature change age characteristics of an anchor rod-anchor slurry interface (containing an anchor blank slurry defect section), strain distribution age characteristics and temperature change age characteristics of an anchor slurry-rammed earth layer interface in the bonding hardening process of the anchor slurry;
preferably, the test method for the combination test of the acoustic stress wave nondestructive testing system and the anchor rod comprehensive parameter measuring system comprises the following steps: the acoustic frequency stress wave nondestructive detection system can realize the length inversion detection, the compactness detection, the anchoring defect position and the length inversion detection and the offset anchor rod inversion detection of the anchoring system under the action of different drawing loads;
preferably, the test method for the combination test of the fiber bragg grating strain monitoring system and the anchor rod comprehensive parameter measuring system comprises the following steps: the fiber bragg grating strain monitoring system can analyze strain distribution characteristics and temperature change characteristics of a test anchor rod-anchor slurry interface (containing an anchor blank slurry defect section) and temperature change characteristics of an anchor slurry-rammed earth layer interface under different drawing loads of the anchor system;
preferably, when all the measuring, detecting and monitoring systems are combined for testing, quality evaluation and characteristic analysis of all units of the anchoring system such as a test anchor rod, a test anchor rod-anchoring slurry interface, an anchoring slurry-rammed earth layer interface, an anchoring blank slurry defect and the like under the action of different ages and different loads can be completed, and defect identification, health diagnosis and working performance detection research from the installation process of the full-length bonding type anchoring system of the earthen site to the long-term service period are realized.
In summary, by adopting the technical scheme, the beneficial technical effects of the invention are as follows:
1. the device has the advantages of rich functions and high integration level, and can be used for simultaneously carrying out an anchor system drawing test, a test anchor rod body length inversion detection test, an anchor system compactness detection test, an anchor system defect position and length inversion detection test, a bias anchor inversion detection test, a test anchor rod-anchor slurry interface strain distribution monitoring test and a bonding curing temperature change rule monitoring test, an anchor slurry-rammed earth layer interface strain distribution monitoring test and a bonding curing temperature change rule monitoring test.
2. The parameters of the anchoring system of the device can be adjusted according to the test working conditions, transparent PVC pipes with different lengths and diameters can be replaced, and the test requirements of different anchoring system sizes are met; rammed soil layers with different compactness and thickness can be rammed, so that the test requirements for simulating soil sites with different shapes are met; the rammed soil layers with different angles with the axial direction of the anchoring system can be rammed, so that the test requirements of different anchor rod oblique insertion angles are met; anchor holes with different hole wall forms, diameters and lengths can be drilled, and test requirements of different anchor hole characteristics are met; GFRP anchor rods with different lengths and diameters can be replaced, so that the test requirements of different anchor rod parameters are met; the test requirement of the tension type full-length bonding anchoring system can be met without arranging a rotary bearing plate; the rotary bearing plates with different sizes and forms can be arranged, so that the test requirement of the pressure type full-length bonding anchoring system is met.
3. The preset defects of the anchoring system of the device can be adjusted according to the test working conditions, and the complete grouting in the anchor holes of the rammed earth layer can be realized, so that the test requirement of the complete anchoring system is met; the empty slurry defects with different numbers, lengths and positions can be set, so that the test requirement of an empty slurry defect anchoring system is met; the middle hole position of the anchor rod centering support can be changed, and the test requirement of the anchor rod eccentric hole anchoring system is met.
4. The device has wide test age, and the fiber bragg grating strain monitoring system can complete continuous and automatic data acquisition in the initial slurry grouting period to long-term maintenance process of the anchoring system; the audio stress wave nondestructive detection system can realize uninterrupted manual data acquisition; the anchor rod comprehensive parameter measuring system can conduct anchor rod drawing tests at any age.
5. The device has rich test working conditions, and under the test conditions that the anchor rod comprehensive parameter measurement system provides different load grades or load cycles, the fiber bragg grating strain monitoring system and the acoustic stress wave nondestructive testing system can complete data acquisition of the anchoring system under different loading conditions.
6. The anchoring system of the device is presented in an open mode, and the visibility of the stress deformation characteristics of the rammed soil layer interface of the anchoring system can be realized by using the transparent PVC pipe during a drawing test.
7. The test data of the device are accurate and the stability is high. Compared with the limit that the resistance strain sensor is easy to damage in the moisture sealing of an anchoring system, the fiber bragg grating sensor has strong anti-interference capability, good insulativity, corrosion resistance and stable chemical property, can realize multipoint distributed measurement, and has high measurement precision and resolution.
8. The device has the advantages that all the systems work cooperatively and information is perceived synchronously. The data acquisition and storage of each measuring, detecting and monitoring system are independent devices, key information of the acquired data is stored in real time, and each data is synchronously transmitted to the same computer for result comprehensive processing and data analysis.
9. The device truly reflects the technical requirements of the earthen site anchoring, and the device and the method are high in portability of on-site detection of the earthen site anchoring engineering based on the characteristics of high precision and durability of the optical fiber sensor and no damage, rapidness and reliability of a nondestructive detection system.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a quality control and effect evaluation control test device in the process of anchoring and reinforcing the earthen site;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a broken face at a anchor rod centralizer of the center anchor rod anchoring system;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a broken face at a anchor rod centralizer of the offset hole anchor rod anchoring system;
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an anchoring system;
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of a quality control and effect evaluation test method for the earthen site anchoring and reinforcing process.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The quality control and effect evaluation test device for the earthen site anchoring process comprises an anchoring system, an anchoring blank slurry defect, an anchor rod comprehensive parameter measurement system, an acoustic frequency stress wave nondestructive detection system and a fiber bragg grating strain monitoring system;
the anchoring system is used for simulating the anchoring and reinforcement of the earthen site;
the defect of the anchoring blank slurry is that, the method is used for simulating the defect of partial slurry insufficiency in the anchoring system;
the anchor rod comprehensive parameter measuring system is used for providing drawing force for the test anchor rod and measuring anchoring force and anchor rod displacement of the anchoring system;
the acoustic stress wave nondestructive detection system is used for length inversion detection of an anchor rod body, compactness detection of an anchoring system, anchoring defect position and length inversion detection and offset anchor rod inversion detection;
the fiber bragg grating strain monitoring system is used for monitoring and testing strain distribution characteristics of an anchor rod-anchoring slurry interface and an anchoring slurry-rammed soil layer interface and a temperature change rule of bonding and solidification of the anchoring slurry;
further, the anchoring system comprises a transparent PVC pipe 11, a rammed earth layer 12, anchoring slurry 13, an anchor rod centering bracket 14, a test anchor rod 15 and a rotary bearing plate 16; the rammed earth layer 12 is rammed in the transparent PVC pipe 11, and anchor holes are formed in the rammed earth layer 12; the anchor rod centering support 14 is sleeved on the outer side of the test anchor rod 15; the rotary bearing plate 16 is fixed at the bottom of the test anchor rod 15; the test anchor rod 15 is arranged in the center of an anchor hole of the rammed earth layer 12; the anchoring grout 13 is poured between the anchor hole of the rammed earth layer 12 and the test bolt 15.
Further, the anchor slurry defects comprise PVC pipes 21 and EPS foam 22; the PVC pipe 21 is arranged between the test anchor rod 15 and the anchoring slurry 13, and the PVC pipe 21 isolates the test anchor rod 15 from the anchoring slurry 13; the EPS foam 22 is plugged at two sides of the PVC pipe 21 through an adhesive, so that a closed partial blank slurry section is formed inside the PVC pipe 21.
Further, the anchor rod parameter measurement system comprises a hollow hydraulic cylinder 31, a manual oil pump 32, a hollow sensor 33, a pull rod type displacement sensor 34, a magnetic gauge stand 35, a digital display 36, a rotary anchor rod anchorage 37, a steel hollow counter-force plate 38 and a computer 39; the steel hollow counter-force plate 38 is arranged at the top end of the transparent PVC pipe 11 through the test anchor rod 15; the hollow hydraulic cylinder 31 passes through the test anchor rod 15 and is arranged on a steel hollow counter-force plate 38; the manual oil pump 32 is connected with the hollow hydraulic oil cylinder 31 through an oil pipe; the hollow pressure sensor 33 passes through the test anchor rod 15 and is arranged at the top end of the hollow hydraulic cylinder 31; the rotary anchor rod anchorage 37 passes through the test anchor rod 15 and is fixed at the top end of the pressure sensor 34; the pull rod type displacement sensor 34 is fixed on the side wall of the hollow pressure sensor 33 through a magnetic gauge stand 35; the digital display 36 is connected with the hollow pressure sensor 33 and the pull rod type displacement sensor 34 through wires; the computer 39 is connected with the digital display 36 through a wire.
Further, the acoustic stress wave nondestructive detection system comprises an anchor rod nondestructive detector 41, a piezoelectric accelerometer 42 and an excitation device 43 (an excitation hammer or a super-magnetic seismic source); the excitation device 43 (excitation hammer or super magnetic vibration source) is arranged at the top of the test anchor rod 15, and the excitation device 43 generates an excitation vibration source at the top of the test anchor rod 15 when in operation; the piezoelectric accelerometer 42 is arranged at the top of the test anchor rod 15, and the piezoelectric accelerometer 42 is used for receiving the reflected signal when in operation; the anchor rod nondestructive detector 41 is connected with the piezoelectric accelerometer 42 through a wire; the anchor nondestructive detector 41 is connected with the computer 39 through a wire.
Further, the fiber bragg grating strain monitoring system comprises a fiber bragg grating demodulator 51, an optical fiber 52, a fiber bragg grating strain sensor 53 and a fiber bragg grating temperature sensor 54; the fiber grating strain sensor 53 and the fiber grating temperature sensor 54 are inscribed on the optical fiber 52, and serial multi-point measurement is formed on the optical fiber 52; the optical fiber 52 is bonded and packaged in a prefabricated groove of the test anchor rod 15 along the axial direction of the anchor rod, so that the grating of the optical fiber grating strain sensor 54 and the interface strain of the test anchor rod 15-anchoring slurry 13 cooperatively change, and the grating of the optical fiber grating temperature sensor 54 and the interface bonding curing temperature of the test anchor rod 15-anchoring slurry 13 cooperatively change; the optical fiber 52 is bonded and fixed on the inner wall of the anchor hole of the rammed earth layer 12 along the axial direction of the anchoring system, so that the grating of the fiber grating strain sensor 54 and the interface strain of the anchoring slurry 13-rammed earth layer 12 cooperatively change, and the grating of the fiber grating temperature sensor 54 and the interface bonding curing temperature of the anchoring slurry 13-rammed earth layer 12 cooperatively change; the fiber bragg grating demodulator 51 is connected with an optical fiber 52 through a wire; the fiber grating demodulator 51 is connected to the computer 39 by a wire.
The using method comprises the following steps:
according to the requirements of the quality control and effect evaluation test design of the process of the earthen site anchoring system on the interface strain of the test anchor rod 15-anchoring slurry 13 and the detection position, number and interval of the curing temperature change of the anchoring slurry 13, the fiber bragg grating strain sensor 53 and the fiber bragg grating temperature sensor 54 are inscribed on corresponding detection points of the optical fiber 52; the test anchor rod 15 can select GFRP anchor rods with different diameters according to the test design requirement; grooves are formed along the top end to the bottom end of the axial side wall of the test anchor rod 15, the size of the grooves is required to meet the requirement of embedded optical fibers 52, and the number of the grooves and the number of the embedded optical fibers 52 are determined according to the test design requirement; the optical fiber 52 is packaged into the groove of the test anchor rod 15 by adopting the adhesive, so that the cooperative deformation of the grating of the optical fiber grating strain sensor 53 and the interface strain of the test anchor rod 15-anchoring slurry 13 is met, and the cooperative change of the bonding and curing temperature of the grating of the optical fiber grating temperature sensor 54 and the interface bonding and curing temperature of the test anchor rod 15-anchoring slurry 13 is met;
the requirements on the number, the size and the position of the defects of the anchoring blank slurry are met, a PVC pipe 21 with proper number, length and diameter is selected to be arranged at the corresponding position of the packaged optical fiber 52 test anchor rod 15, and the diameter of the PVC pipe 21 is smaller than the diameter of an anchor hole in the test design; the top end and the bottom end of the PVC pipe 21 are plugged by EPS foam 22, and a closed cavity is formed by bonding gaps by an adhesive; the defect of anchoring blank slurry can be avoided in the anchoring system according to the requirement of test design, so that the test requirement of the complete anchoring system can be met.
The collapse site soil prepared to the optimal water content is compacted in the transparent PVC pipe 11 in a layered manner according to the requirements of the shape of the rammed soil layer 12, the anchor hole characteristics and the oblique insertion angle of the anchor rod, the test design requirements of the compaction degree and the thickness of the rammed soil layer 12 can be met by changing the ramming process and the soil filling amount, and the test design requirements of the oblique insertion angle of the rammed soil layer 12 and the test anchor rod 15 can be met by changing the axial included angle of the rammed soil layer 12 and the transparent PVC pipe 11; forming holes in the rammed earth layer 12 by adopting a manual drilling mode or a mechanical drilling mode, simulating to lay anchor holes drilled by anchor rods in an earthen site body, determining the characteristics of drill rods according to the experimental design requirements of the hole wall shape, the diameter and the length of the anchor holes, and keeping the drill rods coincident with the central line of the transparent PVC pipe 11 in the drilling process; the rammed earth layer 12 after hole forming is maintained in the transparent PVC pipe 11 until the natural water content of the soil site is reached.
The optical fiber grating strain sensor 53 and the optical fiber grating temperature sensor 54 are inscribed on corresponding detection points of the optical fiber 52 to form serial multipoint measurement according to the requirements of the interface strain of the anchoring slurry 13 and the rammed earth layer 12 and the detection position, the number and the distance of the curing temperature change of the anchoring slurry 13; and sticking optical fibers 52 along the top end to the bottom end of the axial inner wall of the anchor hole, wherein the number of the stuck optical fibers 52 is determined according to the test design requirement.
The requirement on parameters of an anchoring system is that the anchor rod centering brackets 14 are sleeved on the test anchor rods 15, and the number and the positions of the anchor rod centering brackets 14 are determined according to the length of the test anchor rods 15; the rotary bearing plate 16 is fixed at the bottom of the test anchor rod 15, and the size and the shape of the rotary bearing plate 16 are determined according to the test design requirement on the stress characteristics of the pressure type full-length bonding anchoring system; the bottom of the test anchor rod 15 can be provided with no rotary bearing plate 16 according to the requirement of test design so as to meet the test requirement of the tensile full-length bonding anchoring system; the packaging optical fiber 52 sleeved with the anchor rod centering support 14 and the test anchor rod 15 with the anchoring defect are inserted into the transparent PVC pipe 11, the anchor rod centering support 14 is attached to the inner wall of the anchor hole, and the position of the test anchor rod 15 is ensured to be fixed; the anchor rod centering bracket 14 can adopt the arrangement of centering the middle hole or eccentric centering the middle hole to adjust the position of the test anchor rod 15 in the anchor hole, so as to meet the test design requirement of the anchor rod in the center of the anchor hole or eccentric centering of the anchor rod in the anchoring system; the length of the exposed section of the test anchor rod 15 meets the requirements of installing the hollow hydraulic cylinder 31, the hollow pressure sensor 33 and the rotary anchor rod anchor 37, and the distance from the test anchor rod 15 to the bottom of the transparent PVC pipe 11 is determined according to the over-drilling depth of an anchoring system.
The prefabricated anchoring slurry 13 is poured into the anchor holes by adopting a pressure grouting machine, an injector or gravity grouting according to the requirements of the mixing ratio, the water cement ratio and the grouting process of the anchoring slurry 13, and the fluidity of the anchoring slurry 13 meets the requirement of the pourability; the anchoring slurry 13 is directly contacted with the optical fiber 52 adhered and anchored on the inner wall of the hole, so that the cooperative deformation of the grating of the optical fiber grating strain sensor 53 and the interface strain of the anchoring slurry 13-rammed earth layer 12 is met, and the cooperative change of the bonding and curing temperature of the grating of the optical fiber grating temperature sensor 54 and the interface bonding and curing temperature of the anchoring slurry 13-rammed earth layer 12 is met.
For the requirements of the pull test detection of the anchoring system, a steel hollow counter-force plate 38 is arranged at the top of the transparent PVC pipe 11 through the exposed section of the test anchor rod 15, a hollow hydraulic cylinder 31 is arranged on the steel hollow counter-force plate 38 through the exposed section of the test anchor rod 15, a hollow pressure sensor 33 is arranged on the hollow hydraulic cylinder 31 through the exposed section of the test anchor rod 15, and the end head of the test anchor rod 15 is locked through a rotary anchor rod anchor 37; ensuring that the center lines of the test anchor rod 15, the steel hollow counter-force plate 38, the hollow hydraulic cylinder 31 and the hollow pressure sensor 33 are overlapped in the process of arranging equipment; the steel hollow counter-force plate 38 is provided with holes according to the position where the optical fibers 52 are arranged at the interface of the anchoring slurry 13 and the rammed earth layer 12, so that the wire requirements of the optical fibers 52 are met; the pull rod type displacement sensor 34 is fixed on the outer wall of the hollow pressure sensor 33 through the magnetic gauge stand 35, a displacement needle of the pull rod type displacement sensor 34 is arranged on the steel hollow counter-force plate 38, and the pull rod type displacement sensor 34 is in a compressed state before the test; hydraulic oil is transmitted to the hollow hydraulic oil cylinder 31 through the manual oil pump 32, and a piston in the hollow hydraulic oil cylinder 31 is lifted to provide drawing force for an anchoring system; in the test process, the drawing reaction force generated by the hollow hydraulic cylinder 31 acts on the steel hollow reaction force plate 38 and is released to the transparent PVC pipe 11, and the steel hollow reaction force plate 38 meets the rigidity requirement of resisting elastic deformation caused by the drawing reaction force; the anchoring force of the anchoring system is reflected to the digital display instrument 36 through the hollow pressure sensor 33 to be recorded and stored, and the displacement of the test anchor rod 15 is reflected to the digital display instrument 36 through the pull rod type displacement sensor 34 to be recorded and stored;
the requirement on the age of nondestructive testing of the anchoring quality of an anchoring system is met, an excitation hammer or a super-magnetic seismic source is adopted as a seismic source for exciting the top of the test anchor rod 15, so that the test anchor rod 15 generates vibration along the axial direction of the anchor rod; in the test process, a vibration signal is acquired through a piezoelectric accelerometer 42 attached to the top end surface of the test anchor rod 15, and is transmitted to an anchor rod nondestructive detector 41 through a lead to be recorded and stored; in order to reduce the horizontal component force generated when the excitation hammer or the super-magnetic vibration source excites and avoid the test anchor rod 15 from transversely vibrating to interfere with effective detection signals, the end face of the top of the anchor rod is ensured to be flat during detection, and the excitation hammer or the super-magnetic vibration source is required to be excited vertically; to reduce the influence of the degree of coupling between the piezoelectric accelerometer 42 and the contact surface of the end of the test anchor 15 on the detection waveform, a couplant is smeared at the contact surface when signals are acquired.
For the requirements of detection of the interface between the test anchor rod 15 and the anchoring slurry 13 and the interface between the anchoring slurry 13 and the rammed earth layer 12, the optical fiber 52 packaged in the test anchor rod 15 is connected with the fiber grating demodulation instrument 51 through a wire, and the optical fiber 52 stuck on the inner wall of the anchor hole is connected with the fiber grating demodulation instrument 51 through a wire; in the test process, the changes of the grating reflection wavelength in the fiber bragg grating strain sensor 53 and the fiber bragg grating temperature sensor 54 are transmitted to the fiber bragg grating demodulator 51 through wires for recording and storage.
A test method comprising:
in the initial grouting period to the long-term maintenance process of the anchoring system slurry, each measuring, detecting and monitoring system can independently perform a test, and can also complete the test in a combined way;
the test method when the anchor rod comprehensive parameter measurement system is independently tested is as follows: the basic test and creep test of the anchoring system are completed through loading level, loading cycle and observing time change; the digital display 36 stores the results and analyzes the age pulling resistance, age load-displacement relation, age load-elastic displacement relation and age load-plastic displacement relation of the anchoring system in software through the computer 39;
the test method when the acoustic stress wave nondestructive testing system is independently tested is as follows: based on the analysis and processing methods of vibration signals such as Fourier transform, hilbert-Huang (HHT) and the like, the storage results of the anchor rod nondestructive detector 41 are analyzed in software through a computer 39 to obtain the characteristic relation of the anchor rod system age consolidation wave speed, the fundamental frequency and the like and the characteristic of the test anchor rod 15 bottom and the anchor defect reflection signals, so that the length inversion age detection of the test anchor rod 15 rod body, the compactness age detection of the anchor rod system, the anchor defect position and the length inversion age detection are realized;
the test method when the fiber bragg grating strain monitoring system is independently tested is as follows: based on the change of grating reflection wavelength in the fiber bragg grating strain sensor 53 and the fiber bragg grating temperature sensor 54, the fiber bragg grating demodulator 51 stores the result, and the computer 39 analyzes the strain distribution age characteristic and the temperature change age characteristic of the interface (containing an anchor blank slurry defect section) of the anchor rod 15-anchor slurry 13, the strain distribution age characteristic and the temperature change age characteristic of the interface of the anchor slurry 13-rammed earth layer 12 in the bonding hardening process of the anchor slurry 13;
the test method for the combination test of the acoustic frequency stress wave nondestructive testing system and the anchor rod comprehensive parameter measuring system comprises the following steps: the acoustic frequency stress wave nondestructive testing system can realize inversion detection of the length of the 15 rod body of the test anchor rod under the action of different drawing loads, compactness detection of the anchor system, anchor defect position and length inversion detection and offset anchor rod inversion detection;
the test method for the combination test of the fiber bragg grating strain monitoring system and the anchor rod comprehensive parameter measuring system comprises the following steps: the fiber bragg grating strain monitoring system can analyze strain distribution characteristics and temperature change characteristics of the interface (containing an anchor blank slurry defect section) of the test anchor rod 15-anchor slurry 13 and the interface strain distribution characteristics and temperature change characteristics of the anchor slurry 13-rammed earth layer 12 of the anchor system under different drawing loads;
and when all the measurement, detection and monitoring systems are combined for testing, quality evaluation and characteristic analysis of all units of the anchoring system such as the testing anchor rod 15, the interface between the testing anchor rod 15 and the anchoring slurry 13, the interface between the anchoring slurry 13 and the soil compacting layer 12, the defect of the anchoring blank slurry and the like under the action of different ages and different loads are completed, and defect identification, health diagnosis and working performance detection research from the installation process of the full-length bonding type anchoring system of the earthen site to the long-term service period are realized.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention.
Claims (2)
1. The quality control and effect evaluation test device for the earthen site anchoring process comprises an anchoring system, an anchoring blank slurry defect, an anchor rod comprehensive parameter measurement system, an acoustic frequency stress wave nondestructive detection system and a fiber bragg grating strain monitoring system;
the anchoring system is used for simulating the anchoring and reinforcement of the earthen site;
the defect of the anchoring blank slurry is that, the method is used for simulating the defect of partial slurry insufficiency in the anchoring system;
the anchor rod comprehensive parameter measuring system is used for providing drawing force for the test anchor rod and measuring anchoring force and anchor rod displacement of the anchoring system;
the acoustic stress wave nondestructive detection system is used for length inversion detection of an anchor rod body, compactness detection of an anchoring system, anchoring defect position and length inversion detection and offset anchor rod inversion detection;
the fiber bragg grating strain monitoring system is used for monitoring and testing strain distribution characteristics of an anchor rod-anchoring slurry interface and an anchoring slurry-rammed soil layer interface and a temperature change rule of bonding and solidification of the anchoring slurry;
the anchoring system comprises a transparent PVC pipe, a rammed soil layer, anchoring slurry, an anchor rod centering bracket, a test anchor rod and a rotary bearing plate; the rammed soil layer is rammed in the transparent PVC pipe, and anchor holes are formed in the rammed soil layer; the anchor rod centering support is sleeved on the outer side of the test anchor rod; the rotary bearing plate is fixed at the bottom of the test anchor rod; the test anchor rod is arranged at the center of an anchor hole of the rammed soil layer; the anchoring slurry is poured between the anchor hole of the rammed earth layer and the test anchor rod;
the anchoring blank defects comprise PVC pipes and EPS foam; the PVC pipe is arranged between the test anchor rod and the anchoring slurry, and isolates the test anchor rod from the anchoring slurry; the EPS foam is plugged at two sides of the PVC pipe through an adhesive, so that a closed partial blank slurry section is formed in the PVC pipe;
the anchor rod comprehensive parameter measurement system comprises a hollow hydraulic oil cylinder, a manual oil pump, a hollow pressure sensor, a pull rod type displacement sensor, a magnetic gauge stand, a digital display instrument, a rotary anchor rod anchorage device, a steel hollow counter-force plate and a computer; the steel hollow counter-force plate penetrates through the test anchor rod and is arranged at the top end of the transparent PVC pipe; the hollow hydraulic cylinder penetrates through the test anchor rod and is arranged on the steel hollow counter-force plate; the manual oil pump is connected with the hollow hydraulic oil cylinder through an oil pipe; the hollow pressure sensor penetrates through the test anchor rod and is arranged at the top end of the hollow hydraulic cylinder; the rotary anchor rod anchorage device penetrates through the test anchor rod and is fixed at the top end of the pressure sensor; the pull rod type displacement sensor is fixed on the side wall of the hollow pressure sensor through a magnetic gauge stand; the digital display instrument is connected with the hollow pressure sensor and the pull rod type displacement sensor through wires; the computer is connected with the digital display instrument through a wire;
the acoustic frequency stress wave nondestructive detection system comprises an anchor rod nondestructive detector, a piezoelectric accelerometer and an excitation device; the excitation device is arranged at the top of the test anchor rod; the piezoelectric accelerometer is arranged at the top of the test anchor rod; the anchor rod nondestructive detector is connected with the piezoelectric accelerometer through a wire; the anchor rod nondestructive detector is connected with the computer through a wire;
the vibration excitation device is any one of a vibration hammer and a super-magnetic vibration source;
the fiber bragg grating strain monitoring system comprises a fiber bragg grating demodulator, an optical fiber, a fiber bragg grating strain sensor and a fiber bragg grating temperature sensor; the fiber bragg grating strain sensor and the fiber bragg grating temperature sensor are inscribed on the optical fiber, and serial multi-point measurement is formed on the optical fiber; the optical fiber is bonded and packaged in a prefabricated groove of the test anchor rod along the axial direction of the anchor rod; the optical fiber is bonded and fixed on the inner wall of the anchor hole of the rammed soil layer along the axial direction of the anchoring system; the fiber bragg grating demodulator is connected with the optical fiber through a wire; the fiber bragg grating demodulator is connected with a computer through a wire.
2. The earthen site anchoring process quality control and effect evaluation test device according to claim 1, wherein: the test device can complete measurement, detection and monitoring in the process from the initial grouting period to the long-term maintenance period of the slurry of the anchoring system;
the test method for the anchor rod comprehensive parameter measurement system during independent test is as follows: the basic test and creep test of the anchoring system are completed through loading level, loading cycle and observing time change; the digital display instrument stores the result and analyzes the age pulling resistance, age load-displacement relation, age load-elastic displacement relation and age load-plastic displacement relation of the anchoring system in software through a computer;
the test method for the independent test of the acoustic frequency stress wave nondestructive testing system comprises the following steps: based on a Fourier transform and Hilbert-Huang Zhendong signal analysis processing method, the storage result of the anchor rod nondestructive detector is analyzed in software by a computer to obtain the fixed wave speed and fundamental frequency time-frequency characteristic relation of the anchor rod in the age of the anchor rod and the reflection signal characteristics of the bottom and the anchor defect of the test anchor rod, so that the length inversion age detection of the test anchor rod, the compactness age detection of the anchor rod, the anchor defect position, the length inversion age detection and the offset anchor rod inversion age detection are realized;
the test method for the fiber bragg grating strain monitoring system in the independent test is as follows: based on the change of grating reflection wavelength in the fiber bragg grating strain sensor and the fiber bragg grating temperature sensor, analyzing the storage result of the fiber bragg grating demodulator in software by a computer to test the strain distribution age characteristic and the temperature change age characteristic of an anchor rod-anchor slurry interface and the strain distribution age characteristic and the temperature change age characteristic of an anchor slurry-rammed earth layer interface in the bonding hardening process of the anchor slurry;
the test method for the combination test of the acoustic frequency stress wave nondestructive testing system and the anchor rod comprehensive parameter measuring system comprises the following steps: the acoustic frequency stress wave nondestructive detection system can realize the length inversion detection, the compactness detection, the anchoring defect position and the length inversion detection and the offset anchor rod inversion detection of the anchoring system under the action of different drawing loads;
the test method for the combination test of the fiber bragg grating strain monitoring system and the anchor rod comprehensive parameter measuring system comprises the following steps: the fiber bragg grating strain monitoring system can analyze the strain distribution characteristic and the temperature change characteristic of the interface of the anchoring bolt and the anchoring slurry under the action of different drawing loads, and the strain distribution characteristic and the temperature change characteristic of the interface of the anchoring slurry and the rammed earth layer;
when all the measuring, detecting and monitoring systems are combined for testing, quality evaluation and characteristic analysis of defects of a test anchor rod, a test anchor rod-anchor slurry interface, an anchor slurry-rammed earth layer interface and an anchor blank slurry under the action of different ages and different loads can be completed, and defect identification, health diagnosis and working performance detection research from the installation process of the full-length bonding type anchor system of the earthen site to the long-term service period are realized;
wherein, each measuring, detecting and monitoring system can independently carry out the test, and can also complete the test in a combined way.
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