CN114279756A - 24-hour sampling and correcting method for urine output - Google Patents
24-hour sampling and correcting method for urine output Download PDFInfo
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- CN114279756A CN114279756A CN202111431805.8A CN202111431805A CN114279756A CN 114279756 A CN114279756 A CN 114279756A CN 202111431805 A CN202111431805 A CN 202111431805A CN 114279756 A CN114279756 A CN 114279756A
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- 210000002700 urine Anatomy 0.000 title claims abstract description 230
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 230000002485 urinary effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 206010012601 diabetes mellitus Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003907 kidney function Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010606 normalization Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- DDRJAANPRJIHGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N creatinine Chemical compound CN1CC(=O)NC1=N DDRJAANPRJIHGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229940109239 creatinine Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 238000000338 in vitro Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 206010046555 Urinary retention Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010052428 Wound Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
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- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000219 mutagenic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
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- 230000029058 respiratory gaseous exchange Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention relates to a 24-hour sampling and correcting method for urine output. By adopting the 24-hour urine output sampling and correcting method provided by the invention, a large number of urine samples of different time periods and 24 hours can be collected, and the density of the urine samples can be rapidly measured by adopting the portable densitometer, so that a standardized correcting formula for 24-hour urine output during sampling is established, and a set of 24-hour urine output sampling and correcting method is formed. The deviation between the standard volume of the 24-hour discharge volume of the obtained urine sample and the actual 24-hour discharge volume is-40% to + 40%, which shows that the method provided by the invention is accurate and reliable. Under the nuclear emergency condition, the method provided by the invention can be used for rapidly collecting the urine sample in a certain time period, and can be used for rapidly obtaining the input parameters of the recommended effective dose of the 24-hour discharged urine required in the biodynamics model through a correction formula and a standardized formula, so that the timeliness requirement of the internal radiation dose monitoring under the nuclear emergency condition is met.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of radioactive internal radiation dose in-vitro monitoring, and particularly relates to a 24-hour sampling and correcting method for urine output.
Background
Pure alpha and pure beta nuclides can enter a human body through breathing, wounds and other ingestion modes and are retained and deposited on parts such as respiratory tract, bones, liver and the like, so that acute or even long-term serious internal irradiation influence is caused, and serious mutagenic or carcinostatic effect can be caused. Especially under the condition of nuclear and radiation emergency, public, professional and emergency personnel may accidentally ingest a large amount of radioactive nuclides, because the urine sampling is convenient, the practical and feasible method for the internal radiation dose in-vitro monitoring is to detect the radioactivity of alpha and beta in the urine, and the effectiveness, reliability and accuracy of the monitoring result are important data supports influencing the accurate evaluation of the internal radiation dose and the emergency medical treatment under the accident state.
Currently, the biokinetic model uses the concentration of radioactivity in 24 hours of urine as an input parameter for recommending an effective dose, so that a 24-hour urine sample is required for standardized urine samples. However, in emergency situations of nuclear and radiation emergencies, the primary task is to protect the public and the environment safety and to reduce casualties to the greatest extent, and relevant departments should start an emergency plan immediately, usually immediately collect urine samples of possibly irradiated personnel within several hours, and analyze the urine samples in time, so as to ensure that the monitoring of the irradiated dose is immediately carried out on personnel in the accident site and possibly affected areas in the shortest time, the irradiated dose is estimated, and timely and effective control measures and treatment schemes are provided.
Currently, the most commonly used standardized method for correcting urine collected from hours to 24 hours is urinary creatinine correction recommended by ICRP (1968) and IAEA (1999). However, the urinary creatinine correction method has certain uncertainty, and a large number of studies show that factors such as sex, age, race, health state and the like can affect large changes of the urinary creatinine output of the same tested person and different tested persons. In addition, the spectroscopic breadth method is time-consuming and requires frequent manual labor operation for measuring urinary creatinine, and is not suitable for rapid analysis in an emergency state.
The method for measuring the urine specific gravity is an alternative method for standardizing the 24-hour urine output correction, and research shows that the method brings smaller errors than the urine creatinine correction method. Therefore, establishing a standardized correction formula for 24-hour urine sampling output is extremely important for obtaining reliable input data when the internal radiation dosage is accurately evaluated, and for quickly, efficiently and reliably sampling in nuclear emergency.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a 24-hour urine output sampling and correcting method, which is characterized in that a urine sample of a large number of persons in different time periods and 24 hours is collected, the urine density in the urine is measured by adopting a portable densitometer, and a standardized 24-hour urine output sampling and correcting formula is established to form a 24-hour urine output sampling and correcting method.
In order to achieve the above purposes, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a24-hour urine output sampling correction method comprises the following steps:
s1, collecting a urine sample;
s2, measuring the density of the urine sample;
and S3, obtaining the standardized volume of the 24-hour discharge amount of the urine sample according to the correction formula of the 24-hour discharge amount of the urine sample.
Further, the collection process of the urine sample comprises the following steps:
s11, recording related information of sampling personnel; weighing and recording empty urine bottle mass of a plurality of collected urine samples;
s12, sampling the emptying of urine of a person, and recording the time point of emptying of urine of the person;
and S13, collecting the urine sample of 24 hours from the time point to the same time point on the next day by a sampling person into a urine bottle with the empty quality recorded.
Further, the related information includes height, weight, sex, renal function, urinary system and diabetes of the person who samples.
Further, the recording of the time points is accurate to minutes: year/month/day/hour/minute.
Further, the process for measuring the density of the urine sample comprises the following steps:
s21, weighing the mass of the urine sample;
s22, uniformly mixing the urine samples, and taking out 20mL of the mixture for measuring the density of the urine samples;
s23, correcting the portable urine density instrument;
and S24, rinsing the portable urine density meter by using the urine sample, measuring the density of the urine sample for 3 times, and accurately recording the measured data.
Further, the correction process of the portable urine density meter is to verify the measurement accuracy of the portable urine density meter by using correction solutions with different densities and ensure that density errors given by the different correction solutions are within an allowable error range.
Further, the establishment of the said correction formula for 24-hour urine sampling output comprises the following steps:
s311, collecting at least 100 urine samples for 24 hours according to the step S1, respectively collecting the urine samples for different time periods within 24 hours into corresponding urine bottles with recorded empty urine bottle quality in the step S13, and then measuring the density of the urine samples according to the step S2;
the different time periods in the 24 hours are four time periods as follows: 8:00 to 12:00 in the morning, 12:00 to 18:00 in the afternoon, 18:00 to sleep in the evening, and 8:00 in the morning of the sleep-next day;
s312, establishing a correction formula of urine sampling and discharging amount according to the height and the weight of a sampling person, the urine sample quality collected in different time periods and the measured urine sample density;
s313, obtaining a standardized formula of 24-hour urine sampling discharge amount through normalization processing.
Further, the correction formula of the urine sampling and discharging amount is the following formula (1);
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
h represents the height of the sampling person, m;
w represents the weight of the person sampled, kg;
SG denotes the density, g/cm, of the urine sample collected by the person taking the sample during the particular urine sample collection time3；
VSGRepresents the volume of output, mL/d, obtained by density correction of the urine sample during the specified urine sample collection time.
Further, the standardized formula of the 24-hour discharge amount of the urine sample is the following formula (2);
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Tstartindicating the start time point of urine sample collection, the recording needs to be accurate to minutes: year/month/day/hour/minute;
Tendindicating the end point of urine sample collection, the recording needs to be accurate to minutes: year/month/day/hour/minute;
Tstart－Tendrepresents the specific urine sample collection time, min;
VSGrepresents the volume of output, mL/d, obtained by density correction of the urine sample during the specified urine sample collection time;
Vexpcorrected volume, mL/d, representing 24 hour output of urine samples.
Further, in the nuclear emergency situation, in step S1, only a urine sample is collected for any certain period of time, and then a standardized volume of the 24-hour discharge amount of the urine sample is obtained by using the correction formula of the urine sample discharge amount and the standardized formula of the 24-hour discharge amount of the urine sample;
the certain period of time is not less than 2 hours.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: by adopting the 24-hour urine output sampling and correcting method provided by the invention, a large number of urine samples of different time periods and 24 hours can be collected, and the density of the urine samples can be rapidly measured by adopting the portable densitometer, so that a standardized correcting formula for 24-hour urine output during sampling is established, and a set of 24-hour urine output sampling and correcting method is formed. The deviation between the standardized volume of 24-hour discharge of the obtained urine sample and the actual volume of 24-hour discharge is-40% to + 40%, which shows that the method is accurate and reliable. Under the nuclear emergency condition, the method provided by the invention can be used for rapidly collecting the urine sample in a certain time period, and the input parameters of the recommended effective dose of the urine discharged in 24 hours required in the biodynamic model can be rapidly obtained through the correction formula of the urine sampling discharge amount and the standardized formula of the urine sampling 24-hour discharge amount, so that the timeliness requirement of the internal dose monitoring under the nuclear emergency condition is met. Meanwhile, by adopting the 24-hour urine output sampling and correcting method provided by the invention, the density of the urine sample can be rapidly measured after sampling without any treatment and special preservation requirements, and the residual urine sample can be used for analyzing the radionuclide after being acidified.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a 24-hour urine output sampling and correcting method provided by the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention will be further clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1, the embodiment of the present invention provides a 24-hour urine output sampling correction method, which includes the following steps:
s1, collecting urine sample
A large amount of research data show that the height and the weight have certain correlation with the urine density, so that the corresponding net height and the net weight after emptying the body are important input data when the urine sample is collected.
The collection process of the urine sample comprises the following steps:
s11, recording height, weight, sex, renal function, urinary system and diabetes related information of the sampling personnel in detail; the empty mass of the urine bottle from which a plurality of urine samples were collected was weighed and recorded.
S12, the sampling person emptying body urine at a certain point in time, the urine not needing to be collected, and recording the point in time of emptying the body, the recording of the point in time needing to be accurate to minutes: year/month/day/hour/minute.
S13, collecting the urine sample of 24 hours from the time point to the same time point on the next day by a sampling person into a urine bottle with the empty quality recorded; note that the body needs to be emptied of urine at the same point in time the following day.
S2, measuring the density of the urine sample
The measuring process of the density of the urine sample comprises the following steps:
s21, accurately weighing the mass of the collected urine sample; and weighing the mass of the urine bottle in which the urine sample is collected, and subtracting the recorded empty mass of the corresponding urine bottle to obtain the mass of the collected urine sample.
S22, mixing the collected urine samples evenly, and taking out 20mL for measuring the density of the urine samples.
S23, correcting the portable urine density instrument to ensure that the density error given by different correction solutions is within the allowable error range (+/-0.001 g/cm)3) And (4) the following steps.
S24, rinsing the portable urine density instrument by using the urine sample to be measured, measuring the density of the urine sample to be measured for 3 times, and accurately recording the measurement data; taking the average value of the 3 times of measurement data as the density of the urine sample to be measured.
In the present embodiment, in order to ensure the accuracy of measuring the density of the urine sample by using the portable density measuring instrument, the accuracy of measuring by using the solution verification instrument with different densities is required according to step S23 before measuring the urine sample. The mainly used correction solutions, the correction solution densities and the allowable errors are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 Portable densitometer correction solution and related parameters (20 deg.C)
S3, establishing a correction formula of the 24-hour urine sampling output, and obtaining a standardized volume of the 24-hour urine sampling output;
s31, establishing a correction formula of 24-hour urine sampling output
In an embodiment of the present invention, the establishment of the corrective equation for 24 hour urine sampling output comprises the steps of:
s311, collecting at least 100 urine samples for 24 hours according to the step S1, respectively collecting the urine samples for different time periods within 24 hours into corresponding urine bottles with recorded empty urine bottle quality in the step S13, and then measuring the density of the urine samples according to the step S2. Wherein, the different time periods in 24 hours refer to the following four time periods: 8:00 to 12:00 in the morning, 12:00 to 18:00 in the afternoon, 18:00 to sleep in the evening, and 8:00 in the morning to the next day.
Since the relevant diseases such as renal function, urinary system and diabetes will affect the discharge of urine of individual, the correction formula provided by the embodiment of the invention is used for the persons: the result obtained by accurately correcting 24-hour urine output by measuring the density of urine within a few hours has large error. Therefore, the use of this correction formula is not recommended.
S312, establishing a correction formula (1) of urine sampling and discharging amount according to the height and the weight of a sampling person, the urine sample quality collected in different time periods and the measured urine sample density:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
h represents the height of the sampling person, m;
w represents the weight of the person sampled, kg;
SG denotes the urine sample density, g/cm, of the urine sample collected by the sampling person during a particular urine sample collection time3；
VSGRepresents the volume of output, mL/d, obtained by density correction of the urine sample during the specified urine sample collection time.
S313, obtaining a standardized formula (2) of the 24-hour discharge amount of the urine sample through normalization treatment:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Tstartindicating the start time point of urine sample collection, the recording needs to be accurate to minutes: year/month/day/hour/minute;
Tendindicating the end point of urine sample collection, the recording needs to be accurate to minutes: year/month/day/hour/minute;
Tstart－Tendrepresents the specific urine sample collection time, min;
VSGrepresents the volume of output, mL/d, obtained by density correction of the urine sample during the specified urine sample collection time;
Vexpcorrected volume, mL/d, representing 24 hour output of urine samples.
S32, obtaining a standardized volume of the 24-hour urine output of the urine sample according to the correction formula of the 24-hour urine output of the urine sample;
in the present embodiment, a volume normalized for the 24-hour discharge amount of the urine sample is calculated using the correction formula (1) for the discharge amount of the urine sample and the normalization formula (2) for the 24-hour discharge amount of the urine sample, based on the collected urine sample collection time, the collected urine sample mass, the measured urine sample density, and the information on the height, weight, sex, renal function/urinary system presence/absence, diabetes, and the like of the person who sampled the urine.
Further, for urine collection in the emergency situation, only a urine sample for a certain period of time needs to be collected in step S1. For example, in the nuclear emergency situation, in step S1, only the urine sample is collected for any certain period of time (for example, within 2 hours), and then the standardized volume of the 24-hour urine output is rapidly obtained by using the correction formula (1) of the urine sample output and the standardization formula (2) of the 24-hour urine output.
Proved by verification, by adopting the 24-hour urine output sampling correction method provided by the embodiment of the invention, the deviation between the standardized volume of the 24-hour urine output obtained by sampling and the actual 24-hour urine output volume is-40% to + 40%, which shows that the method is accurate and reliable. Under the nuclear emergency condition, the method provided by the embodiment of the invention can be used for rapidly collecting the urine sample in a certain time period, and the input parameters of the recommended effective dose of the 24-hour discharged urine required in the biodynamic model can be rapidly obtained through a correction formula of the urine sampling discharge amount and a standardized formula of the 24-hour urine sampling discharge amount; the requirement of timeliness of internal radiation dose monitoring under the nuclear emergency condition is met.
By adopting the 24-hour sampling and correcting method for the urine output, provided by the embodiment of the invention, the density of the urine sample can be rapidly measured after sampling without any treatment and special storage requirements. The remaining urine sample may be acidified for radionuclide analysis.
The method of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, which are merely illustrative of the present invention, and the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms or other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The described embodiments are, therefore, to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive. The scope of the invention should be indicated by the appended claims, and any changes that are equivalent to the intent and scope of the claims should be construed to be included therein.
Claims (10)
1. A24-hour sampling and correcting method for urine output is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, collecting a urine sample;
s2, measuring the density of the urine sample;
and S3, obtaining the standardized volume of the 24-hour discharge amount of the urine sample according to the correction formula of the 24-hour discharge amount of the urine sample.
2. The method for correcting a 24-hour urine output sample according to claim 1, wherein: the collection process of the urine sample comprises the following steps:
s11, recording related information of sampling personnel; weighing and recording empty urine bottle mass of a plurality of collected urine samples;
s12, sampling the emptying of urine of a person, and recording the time point of emptying of urine of the person;
and S13, collecting the urine sample of 24 hours from the time point to the same time point on the next day by a sampling person into a urine bottle with the empty quality recorded.
3. The method for correcting a 24-hour urine output sample according to claim 2, wherein: the related information comprises the height, the weight, the sex, the renal function, the urinary system and the diabetes of the person who samples.
4. The method for correcting a 24-hour urine output sample according to claim 2, wherein: the recording of the time points was accurate to minutes: year/month/day/hour/minute.
5. The method for correcting a 24-hour urine output sample according to claim 2, wherein: the measuring process of the density of the urine sample comprises the following steps:
s21, weighing the mass of the urine sample;
s22, uniformly mixing the urine samples, and taking out 20mL of the mixture for measuring the density of the urine samples;
s23, correcting the portable urine density instrument;
and S24, rinsing the portable urine density meter by using the urine sample, measuring the density of the urine sample for 3 times, and accurately recording the measured data.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the urine output amount sampling correction method for 24 hours comprises: the correction process of the portable urine densitometer is to use correction solutions with different densities to verify the measurement accuracy of the portable urine densitometer and ensure that density errors given by the different correction solutions are within an allowable error range.
7. The method according to claim 5, wherein the urine output amount sampling correction method for 24 hours comprises: the establishment of the correction formula of the 24-hour urine sampling output comprises the following steps:
s311, collecting at least 100 urine samples for 24 hours according to the step S1, respectively collecting the urine samples for different time periods within 24 hours into corresponding urine bottles with recorded empty urine bottle quality in the step S13, and then measuring the density of the urine samples according to the step S2;
the different time periods in the 24 hours are four time periods as follows: 8:00 to 12:00 in the morning, 12:00 to 18:00 in the afternoon, 18:00 to sleep in the evening, and 8:00 in the morning of the sleep-next day;
s312, establishing a correction formula of urine sampling and discharging amount according to the height and the weight of a sampling person, the urine sample quality collected in different time periods and the measured urine sample density;
s313, obtaining a standardized formula of 24-hour urine sampling discharge amount through normalization processing.
8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the urine output amount sampling correction method for 24 hours comprises: the correction formula of the urine sampling and discharging amount is the following formula (1);
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
h represents the height of the sampling person, m;
w represents the weight of the person sampled, kg;
SG denotes the density, g/cm, of the urine sample collected by the person taking the sample during the particular urine sample collection time3；
VSGRepresents the volume of output, mL/d, obtained by density correction of the urine sample during the specified urine sample collection time.
9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the urine output amount sampling correction method for 24 hours comprises: the standardized formula of the 24-hour discharge amount of the urine sample is the following formula (2);
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Tstartindicating the start time point of urine sample collection, the recording needs to be accurate to minutes: year/month/day/hour/minute;
Tendindicating the end point of urine sample collection, the recording needs to be accurate to minutes: year/month/day/hour/minute;
Tstart－Tendrepresents the specific urine sample collection time, min;
VSGrepresents the volume of output, mL/d, obtained by density correction of the urine sample during the specified urine sample collection time;
Vexpcorrected volume, mL/d, representing 24 hour output of urine samples.
10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the urine output amount sampling correction method for 24 hours comprises: in the nuclear emergency situation, only a urine sample in any certain time period needs to be collected in step S1, and then a normalized volume of the 24-hour discharge amount of the urine sample is obtained by using the correction formula of the urine sample discharge amount and the normalization formula of the 24-hour discharge amount of the urine sample;
the certain period of time is not less than 2 hours.
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Citations (2)
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| US20090070046A1 (en) * | 2006-04-24 | 2009-03-12 | Panasonic Corporation | Method of measuring daily urinary excretion and apparatus for measuring daily urinary excretion |
| US20180127799A1 (en) * | 2016-07-18 | 2018-05-10 | Vision Diagnostics, Inc. | Reagents and Methods of Use With Automated Analyzers For Obtaining A Specific Gravity Index For Urine |
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20090070046A1 (en) * | 2006-04-24 | 2009-03-12 | Panasonic Corporation | Method of measuring daily urinary excretion and apparatus for measuring daily urinary excretion |
| US20180127799A1 (en) * | 2016-07-18 | 2018-05-10 | Vision Diagnostics, Inc. | Reagents and Methods of Use With Automated Analyzers For Obtaining A Specific Gravity Index For Urine |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
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| XIONGXIN DAI等: "RAPID URINARY OUTPUT NORMALIZATION METHOD USING SPECIFIC GRAVITY" * |
| 虞倩;施美芳;张伟涛;沈隽霏;王蓓丽;潘柏申;郭玮;李钢;: "基于晨尿的估算24h尿钠排泄水平(e24UNa)在心血管疾病风险评估中的价值" * |
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