CN114279689B - Device and method for detecting diffraction effect of aperture diaphragm - Google Patents
Device and method for detecting diffraction effect of aperture diaphragm Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a device for detecting the diffraction effect of an aperture diaphragm, which comprises a sun simulation light source, the aperture diaphragm, a lens, a plurality of light blocking disks and a light intensity detector. The invention also relates to a method for detecting the diffraction effect of the aperture diaphragm. The actual diffracted light intensity is calculated through the response function, the geometric light intensity is obtained through the difference between the total light intensity and the diffracted light intensity, the diffraction effect of the aperture diaphragm is obtained through the ratio of the geometric light intensity to the total light intensity, and the absolute measurement precision of the solar irradiance absolute radiometer is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of optics, in particular to a device and a method for detecting a diffraction effect, and more particularly relates to a device and a method for detecting a diffraction effect of an aperture diaphragm.
Background
The sun is the source of earth energy, the input energy of solar radiation is nearly ten thousand times more than the second largest input energy of the earth system, and the earth energy balance is directly dependent on the input and output electromagnetic radiation. Even if the solar radiation only changes slightly, the natural driving effect on the earth climate system in the region and the global scope will be inevitable, and the development trend of the human history is even changed. The satellite platform is used for observing the total solar irradiance in space for a long time, a solar radiation observation sequence is established, and key data support can be provided for climate change research. Since 1978, countries such as the united states, switzerland, belgium, china, etc. have successfully launched a variety of solar absolute radiometers, accumulating 40 years of spatial solar total irradiance data. Long-term observations not only obtain solar constants, but also reveal that TSI varies on different time scales, from minutes to millions of years, most notably the solar cycle of eleven years. Solar radiation varies by about 0.1% over one solar cycle and by about 0.2% on a weekly scale.
The measurement target of the solar absolute radiometer is irradiance (unit W/m) 2 ) I.e. by means of aperture stopsThe ratio of optical power to area of. However, since the solar radiation passes through the aperture stop diffraction effects occur, which lead to a geometric desired value (I) of the light power passing through the aperture stop G ) With the actual total received power (I) T ) The ratio of the difference is called the diffraction correction coefficient (D ═ I) G /I T ) It is one of the main correction factors of the solar irradiance absolute radiometer. In order to improve the absolute measurement accuracy, a diffraction effect detection device of the aperture diaphragm needs to be established. At present, most of domestic and foreign methods adopt theoretical modeling calculation to obtain the diffraction effect correction coefficient of the aperture diaphragm, and experimental detection is difficult to perform, and the validity of the calculation result is verified.
At present, in the field of radiometry, diffraction effects are always difficult to measure experimentally. Relevant theoretical model building work has been carried out by domestic and foreign research institutions, and a diffraction effect theoretical calculation method of the aperture diaphragm is built under approximate conditions. The diffraction correction factor obtained by theoretical model calculations is usually 0.1% to 0.3%, and some even up to 0.5%, depending on the aperture stop design parameters. Due to the lack of experimental measurement means of the diffraction effect of the aperture diaphragm, the uncertainty of the correction result of the diaphragm diffraction theory cannot be evaluated, and the reliability of the theoretical calculation method is checked. The invention provides a diffraction effect measuring device of an aperture diaphragm, which can be used for experimental inspection of diffraction effect and verification of effectiveness of theoretical calculation results.
Therefore, further improvements are needed in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem solved by the invention is as follows: the actual diffracted light intensity is calculated through the response function, the geometric light intensity is obtained through the difference between the total light intensity and the diffracted light intensity, the diffraction effect of the aperture diaphragm is obtained through the ratio of the geometric light intensity to the total light intensity, and the absolute measurement precision of the solar irradiance absolute radiometer is improved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a detection apparatus for the diffraction effect of an aperture stop, the detection apparatus comprising:
the device comprises a sun simulation light source, an aperture diaphragm, a lens, a plurality of light blocking discs and a light intensity detector;the solar simulation light source illuminates the aperture diaphragm to form geometric light with a scattering angle alpha and diffraction light with a diffraction angle theta; the focal length of the lens is f, the aperture diaphragm is positioned on one side of the object side of the lens and is away from the lens by 2f, and the light intensity detector is positioned on one side of the image side of the lens and is more than the position away from the lens by 2 f; the light blocking disc is selectively positioned on the image side of the lens at a distance f from the lens, and the diameter of the light blocking disc is theta 1 f，θ 2 f…θ i f, i represents the number of light blocking discs, i is at least equal to 2, and the light blocking discs are respectively used for forming geometric expected light and diffraction angle which are smaller than theta through the lens 1 ，θ 2 …θ i Reflects off the main optical path.
Preferably, theta is i Less than said theta.
Preferably, the diameter of the optical stop disc is larger than α f.
Preferably, the light intensity detector is a camera.
Preferably, a limiting diaphragm is further disposed between the solar simulation light source and the aperture diaphragm, and the limiting diaphragm and the aperture diaphragm define that the scattering angle of the geometric light is α.
The invention also provides a detection method of the diffraction effect of the aperture diaphragm, which adopts the detection device and comprises the following steps:
s1: measuring and acquiring total light intensity I containing the geometric light and the diffracted light passing through the aperture diaphragm by the light intensity detector T ；
S2: forming geometric desired light and diffraction angle smaller than theta by passing the geometric light through the lens through a plurality of the light blocking discs 1 、θ 2 、…、θ i The light intensity of the diffracted light passing through the aperture diaphragm is measured by the light intensity detector to obtain the light intensity (I) of the diffracted light passing through the aperture diaphragm 1 ， I 2 ，…，I i ) I represents the number of the optical baffling discs, and i is at least equal to 2;
s3: through theta 1 、θ 2 、…、θ i And I 1 ，I 2 ，…，I i Fitting a response function I (f (theta)) of a diffraction angle and diffraction light intensity;
s4: calculating the diffraction light intensity I with the diffraction angle alpha by substituting alpha into the response function I ═ f (theta) D ＝f(α)；
S5: calculating the geometric light intensity I G ＝I T -I D Calculating the diffraction effect D ═ I of the aperture stop G /I T 。
Preferably, in step S1, the geometric light and the diffracted light are converged into an imaging spot at 2f on the image side of the lens through the lens, and the imaging spot is located within the field of view of the light intensity detector.
Preferably, in step S2, the diffracted light forms an equilarge inverted image of the diffracted light at 2f on the image side of the lens through the lens.
The invention converges the diffraction light and the geometric light which pass through the aperture diaphragm through the lens, realizes the separation and detection of the geometric light and the diffraction light through a series of shielding blocks, fits the response functions of the diffraction angle and the diffraction light intensity, calculates the actual diffraction light intensity according to the response functions, obtains the geometric light intensity through the difference between the total light intensity and the diffraction light intensity, obtains the diffraction effect of the aperture diaphragm through the ratio of the geometric light intensity and the total light intensity, verifies the accuracy of a theoretical model and improves the absolute measurement accuracy of the solar irradiance absolute radiometer.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a diffraction effect detection device for an aperture stop according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the relationship between the object and the image of the measuring apparatus for the diffraction effect of the aperture stop in the detecting apparatus shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a view showing the use of a camera to measure the total light intensity of diffracted light and geometric light in the detection apparatus shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a view showing a series of diffracted light intensities measured using a camera in the detecting apparatus shown in FIG. 1.
Wherein the reference numerals include:
the device comprises a solar simulation light source 1, an aperture diaphragm 2, diffracted light 3, geometric light 4, a lens 5, a light intensity tester 6, a light blocking disc 7, a limiting diaphragm 8 and a detection device 10.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and do not limit the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a device 10 for detecting diffraction effect of an aperture stop, the device includes: the device comprises a sun simulation light source 1, an aperture diaphragm 2, a lens 5, a plurality of light blocking discs 7 and a light intensity detector 6.
In a specific embodiment, the solar analog light source 1 illuminates the aperture stop 2 to form the geometric light 4 scattered at an angle α and the diffracted light 3 diffracted at an angle θ from the aperture stop 2. The focal length of the lens 5 is f, the aperture diaphragm 2 is positioned at the position away from the lens 2f on the object side of the lens 5, and the light intensity detector 6 is positioned at the position away from the lens 5 by more than two times of the focal length (2f) on the image side of the lens 5; the optical stop disk 7 is selectively positioned at the position which is away from the image side of the lens 5 by one focal length (f) of the lens 5, and the diameter of the optical stop disk is theta 1 f，θ 2 f…θ i f, i represents the number of light blocking discs, i is at least equal to 2, and the light blocking discs are respectively used for forming geometric light into geometric expected light through the lens and forming the diffraction angle of the geometric light to be less than theta 1 ，θ 2 …θ i Reflects off the main optical path.
In a specific embodiment, a limiting diaphragm 8 is further arranged between the solar simulation light source 1 and the aperture diaphragm 2, and the limiting diaphragm 8 and the aperture diaphragm 2 together define the scattering angle α of the geometric light 4.
In a particular embodiment, at the image side 1f of the lens 5, the geometric light 4 propagating in a straight line through the aperture stop 2 is imaged as a first circular spot of diameter α f, and the diffracted light 3 of the aperture stop 2 is imaged as a second circular spot of diameter θ f. At the image side 2f of the lens 5, the geometric light 4 and the diffracted light 3 are converged and imaged into a large inverted image with the aperture stop 2, and the specific object-image relationship is shown in fig. 1.
In a preferred embodiment, the light-blocking disk 7 is a light-blocking disk having a diameter θ 1 f，θ 2 f…θ i f, i represents the number of the optical disks, i is at least equal to 2, theta i Less than theta.
In another preferred embodiment, the light barrier disc 7 is a light barrier disc having a diameter larger than α f.
Because the diameter alpha f of the circular light spot converged by the geometric light is small, the circular light spot cannot just shield the geometric light and can not completely pass through the diffracted light, the positions 1f on the image side of the lens 5 are respectively provided with the diameters theta 1f and theta 2 f、…、θ i f circular shading blocks for respectively reducing the diffraction angle to be less than theta 1 、θ 2 、…、θ i Reflects the diffracted light and the geometric light out of the main optical path.
In a specific embodiment, the light intensity detector is a camera.
According to the detection device provided by the invention, the separation and detection of geometric light and diffracted light are realized by arranging the plurality of light blocking plates, the response functions of the diffraction angle and the diffraction light intensity are fitted, the actual diffraction light intensity is calculated according to the response functions, the geometric light intensity is obtained according to the difference between the total light intensity and the diffraction light intensity, and the diffraction effect of the aperture diaphragm is obtained according to the ratio of the geometric light intensity to the total light intensity.
The invention also provides a detection method of the diffraction effect of the aperture diaphragm, which comprises the following steps:
s1: the total light intensity (I) including the geometric light and the diffracted light passing through the aperture diaphragm is measured and obtained by a light intensity detector T )；
S2: forming geometric desired light by passing geometric light through a lens by means of a plurality of light blocking discs, wherein the diffraction angle is smaller than theta 1 、θ 2 、…、θ i The light intensity of the diffracted light passing through the aperture stop is measured by a light intensity detector to obtain the light intensity (I) of the diffracted light passing through the aperture stop 1 ，I 2 ，…，I i ) I represents the number of the optical baffling discs, and i is at least equal to 2;
s3: through theta 1 、θ 2 、…、θ i And I 1 ，I 2 ，…，I i Fitting a response function I (f (theta)) of a diffraction angle and diffraction light intensity;
s4: calculating the diffraction light intensity I with the diffraction angle alpha by substituting alpha into the response function I ═ f (theta) D ＝f(α)；
S5: calculating the geometric light intensity I G ＝I T -I D Calculating the diffraction effect D ═ I of the aperture stop G /I T 。
Referring to fig. 2 to 4, the aperture stop 2 is disposed at a position twice the focal length (2f) of the object of the lens 5 (focal length f).
Next, step S1 will be further described.
A solar simulated light source 1 (scattering angle α) is passed through a limiting diaphragm 8 and an aperture diaphragm 2. At an image side 1f of the lens 5, geometric light 4 propagating in a straight line through the aperture stop 2 is imaged into a circular spot with a diameter α f, and diffracted light 3 of the aperture stop 2 is converged into a circular spot with a diameter θ f. At the image side 2f of the lens 5, the geometric light 4 and the diffracted light 3 are converged and imaged into an inverted image as large as the aperture stop 2. Please refer to fig. 2 for the relationship between the object and the image.
Specifically, the camera 6 is fixed at a position with an image side larger than 2f, and an imaging spot is ensured to be within the field of view of the camera 6. The total light intensity (I) containing the geometrical light 4 and the diffracted light 3 passing through the aperture stop 2 is measured using a camera 6 T )。
Next, step S2 will be further described.
Referring to fig. 3, specifically, since the diameter α f of the circular spot converged by the geometric light 4 is small, the geometric light 4 cannot be shielded and the diffracted light 3 can not pass through the circular spot, light blocking plates 7 with diameters θ 1f, θ 2f, …, and θ if are respectively disposed at the position 1f on the image side of the lens 5, the diffracted light with diffraction angles smaller than θ 1, θ 2, … …, and θ I and the geometric light are respectively reflected out of the main light path, the diffracted light intensity (I1, I2, …, Ii) at this time is measured by a camera, I represents the number of the optical blocking discs, and I is at least equal to 2.
In a specific embodiment, i is equal to 4, i.e. 4 light barriers are used. Specifically, the diffraction angle and the diffracted light are fitted by using data of theta 1, theta 2, theta 3, theta 4, i1, i2, i3 and i4A strong response function (I ═ f (θ)), where α is substituted into the function to calculate the diffracted intensity (I) at diffraction angle α D F (α)). Calculating the geometric light intensity I G ＝I T -I D To calculate the diffraction effect of the aperture stop ( D ＝I G /I T )。
Therefore, the diffraction effect D of the aperture stop can be calculated by the detection device and the detection method provided by the invention.
The invention provides a device and a method for detecting the diffraction effect of an aperture diaphragm, which solve the problem that the diffraction effect of the aperture diaphragm cannot be detected experimentally. The invention converges the diffraction light and the geometric light which pass through the aperture diaphragm through the lens, realizes the separation and detection of the geometric light and the diffraction light through a series of shielding blocks, fits the response functions of the diffraction angle and the diffraction light intensity, calculates the actual diffraction light intensity according to the response functions, obtains the geometric light intensity through the difference between the total light intensity and the diffraction light intensity, obtains the diffraction effect of the aperture diaphragm through the ratio of the geometric light intensity and the total light intensity, verifies the accuracy of a theoretical model and improves the absolute measurement accuracy of the solar irradiance absolute radiometer. And the simulation further shows that the detection device and the method provided by the invention have practical application prospects.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.
While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it should be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be taken as limiting the invention. Variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations of the above-described embodiments may be made by those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope of the present invention.
The above embodiments of the present invention should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. Any other corresponding changes and modifications made according to the technical idea of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A device for detecting the diffraction effect of an aperture stop, the device comprising:
the device comprises a sun simulation light source, an aperture diaphragm, a lens, a plurality of light blocking discs and a light intensity detector; the solar simulation light source illuminates the aperture diaphragm to form geometric light with a scattering angle alpha and diffraction light with a diffraction angle theta; the focal length of the lens is f, the aperture diaphragm is positioned on one side of the object side of the lens and is away from the lens by 2f, and the light intensity detector is positioned on one side of the image side of the lens and is more than the position away from the lens by 2 f; the light blocking disc is selectively positioned on the image side of the lens at a distance f from the lens, and the diameter of the light blocking disc is theta 1 f，θ 2 f…θ i f, i represents the number of light blocking discs, i is at least equal to 2, and the light blocking discs are respectively used for forming geometric expected light and diffraction angle which are smaller than theta through the lens 1 ，θ 2 …θ i Reflects off the main optical path.
2. The sensing device of claim 1, wherein θ is θ i Less than said theta.
3. The detecting device for detecting the rotation of a motor rotor according to claim 1, wherein the diameter of the optical stop disk is larger than alphaf.
4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the light intensity detector is a camera.
5. The detection apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a limiting diaphragm is further disposed between the solar simulation light source and the aperture diaphragm, and the limiting diaphragm and the aperture diaphragm define the geometric light scattering angle α.
6. A method for detecting diffraction effects of an aperture stop, using the detection apparatus of claim 1, the method comprising the steps of:
s1: measuring and acquiring total light intensity I containing the geometric light and the diffracted light passing through the aperture diaphragm by the light intensity detector T ；
S2: forming geometric desired light and diffraction angle smaller than theta by passing the geometric light through the lens through a plurality of the light blocking discs 1 、θ 2 、…、θ i The light intensity of the diffracted light passing through the aperture diaphragm is measured by the light intensity detector to obtain the light intensity (I) of the diffracted light passing through the aperture diaphragm 1 ，I 2 ，…，I i ) I represents the number of the optical baffling discs, and i is at least equal to 2;
s3: through theta 1 、θ 2 、…、θ i And I 1 ，I 2 ，…，I i Fitting a response function I (f (theta)) of a diffraction angle and diffraction light intensity;
s4: calculating the diffraction light intensity I with the diffraction angle alpha by substituting alpha into the response function I ═ f (theta) D ＝f(α)；
S5: calculating the geometric light intensity I G ＝I T -I D Calculating the diffraction effect D ═ I of the aperture stop G /I T 。
7. The detecting method according to claim 6, wherein in step S1, the geometric light and the diffracted light are converged into an imaging spot at 2f on an image side of the lens through the lens, and the imaging spot is located within a field of view of the light intensity detector.
8. The detection method according to claim 6, wherein in step S2, the diffracted light forms an equiaxed reverse image of the diffracted light at 2f on the image side of the lens through the lens.
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