CN114277208A - Pyrite suspension flash smelting device and method - Google Patents
Pyrite suspension flash smelting device and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a pyrite suspension flash smelting device and a method. The device is a smelting device with a three-furnace structure, the middle part is a suspension oxidation smelting furnace, and the left side is SO2Flue and SO2The right side of the flue gas gravity settling chamber is a reduction smelting molten pool and a reduction flue gas gravity settling chamber above the reduction smelting molten pool; the device combines suspension oxidation smelting and molten pool reduction smelting, utilizes the channel connection between two molten pools, and has the characteristics of high energy utilization efficiency of one reactor and the characteristic of noninterference between oxidation and reduction of the two reactors. The invention uses pure oxygen and preheated pyrite powder to carry out suspension flash oxidation smelting, thereby improving the smelting efficiency of pyrite powder; special fuel is not used, and carbon dioxide emission is reduced; realizes one-step iron making by pyrite, improves the utilization rate of iron resources and reduces environmental pollution.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a pyrite suspension flash smelting device and a method, belonging to the technical field of metallurgy.
Background
Reducing coal consumption and carbon dioxide emission is an important task and development direction of the steel smelting industry. Pyrite is an iron resource next to iron oxide ore on earth, and the reserves of pyrite account for 10 percent of the reserves of the world, so that pyrite is mostly used for preparing sulfuric acid in the past. The method improves the utilization rate of iron resources of the pyrite, and is an important means for meeting the global iron resource shortage. The pyrophoricity of the pyrite is utilized, and the smelting method combining oxidation and reduction is adopted for iron making, so that the carbon dioxide emission in steel smelting can be reduced, the guarantee degree of the global iron resource is improved, and the method is a technical direction which is recently considered by people. Chinese patent CN102586618A (name: smelting process of pyrite, application number: 201210095263.6) discloses a pyrite molten pool oxidation smelting iron-making technology, and the smelting pool oxidation smelting efficiency adopted by the technology is lower. Therefore, it is a need for industry development to provide a more efficient pyrite smelting device and method.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a pyrite suspension flash smelting device and a pyrite suspension flash smelting method, which are a novel device and a novel method for pyrite powder suspension smelting, and have remarkable creativity, novelty and practicability.
The invention provides a pyrite suspension flash smelting device which is a smelting device with a three-furnace structure, wherein a suspension oxidation smelting furnace is arranged in the middle, and SO is arranged on the left side of the suspension oxidation smelting furnace2The right side of the flue gas gravity settling chamber is a reduction smelting molten pool and a reduction flue gas gravity settling chamber at the upper part of the reduction smelting molten pool.
Furthermore, the suspension oxidation smelting furnace is a vertical cylindrical material top-spraying smelting furnace consisting of a membrane type water-cooled wall, the top of the furnace is provided with a pyrite powder and an oxygen nozzle, and the smelting furnace is an oxidation melting suspension smelting area; the lower part of the smelting furnace is a suspension oxidation smelting furnace molten pool; the upper opening at the left side of the molten pool of the suspension oxidation smelting furnace is SO2Flue, SO2Flue connection SO2A flue gas gravity settling chamber; the lower opening of the right side of the suspension oxidation smelting furnace molten pool is communicated with the reduction smelting molten pool, the cross section of a channel between the oxidation smelting furnace molten pool and the reduction smelting molten pool is matched with the suspension oxidation smelting yield, the gradient of 0-5 degrees is formed from left to right, and high-iron oxidation molten materials can only flow from the oxidation molten pool to the reduction molten pool; reduction smeltingThe smelting pool is rectangular, the right end of the reduction smelting pool is provided with an upper slag outlet and a lower slag outlet, the lower part of the right end of the reduction smelting pool is provided with a molten iron outlet, and the molten iron outlet is externally connected with a steel furnace; the top of the reduction flue gas gravity settling chamber is provided with a reduction flue gas outlet;
furnace body preheating devices are respectively arranged at the upper part of the suspension oxidation smelting furnace and the upper part of the reducing gas gravity settling chamber; the preheating device of the furnace body is used for starting feeding when the smelting device is completely heated to 1400 ℃ to 1700 ℃ every time production is started.
The top of the suspension oxidation smelting furnace is provided with a vortex disturbance multi-channel combustion nozzle; left SO2The lower part of the flue gas gravity settling chamber is provided with a dust outlet, and the top part is provided with SO2Flue gas outlet, SO2The flue gas outlet is connected with a waste heat recovery device, and the rear part of the waste heat recovery device is connected with a sulfuric acid or sulfur preparation device.
Furthermore, a plurality of reducing agent inlets are arranged on two sides of the rectangular reduction smelting molten pool in a staggered mode.
Furthermore, a reducing flue gas outlet at the upper part of the reducing flue gas gravity settling chamber is externally connected with a pyrite powder preheating device, and the pyrite powder preheating device is connected with a pyrite powder nozzle of the suspension oxidation smelting furnace.
The invention provides a pyrite suspension flash smelting method, wherein self-combustion oxidation smelting and molten pool reduction smelting of pyrite are a continuous process, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) spraying preheated pyrite powder and pure oxygen into the smelting furnace from a burner at the top of the suspension oxidation smelting furnace, and carrying out oxidation smelting by utilizing the self-combustibility of sulfur, wherein the combustion temperature is controlled to be 1400-1700 ℃;
(2) high temperature SO produced by combustion2SO of flue gas from the upper part of the left side of the oxidizing smelting molten pool2SO is sucked into the flue through micro negative pressure2A flue gas gravity settling chamber, and settled dust is discharged from SO2Discharging the dust at the lower part of the flue gas gravity settling chamber, and preliminarily purifying the SO2Flue gas from SO2The flue gas outlet at the top of the flue gas gravity settling chamber enters SO2A flue gas waste heat utilization device; SO after waste heat utilization2Flue gas carrying sulfuric acid or sulfurThe device produces sulfur or sulfuric acid;
(3) in the suspension oxidation smelting furnace, the molten high-iron oxide falls into a molten pool of the lower suspension oxidation smelting furnace from an oxidation smelting area in a suspension manner;
(4) the molten high-iron oxide falling into the lower suspension oxidation smelting furnace molten pool enters the left reduction smelting molten pool through a lower channel on the right side of the suspension oxidation smelting molten pool, and is subjected to continuous reduction smelting with a reducing agent sprayed from a reducing agent inlet on the reduction smelting molten pool, and the reduction flue gas is discharged from a reduction flue gas flue on the upper part of a reduction flue gas gravity settling chamber;
(5) and the low-specific gravity slag generated by reduction smelting is discharged from a slag outlet on the reduction smelting molten pool, the high-specific gravity slag is discharged from a slag outlet under the reduction smelting molten pool, and the molten iron is discharged from a molten iron outlet and enters a steel-making furnace for making steel.
In the above method, the SO on the left side is entered2SO of flue2The flue gas is subjected to micro-negative pressure operation, and a negative pressure environment is provided by a draught fan of the waste heat utilization device; a micro negative pressure zero point is arranged at the SO on the upper part of the left side of the melting bath of the oxidation smelting furnace2The side of the melting pool of the flue.
In the method, the granularity of the pyrite powder is 200-300 meshes; lime and fluorite are added into the pyrite powder according to the requirement to form slag.
In the above method, the pyrite suspension flash smelting method further includes: cold pyrite powder is sprayed from the lower opening of the preheating device outside the reducing flue gas outlet and exchanges heat with high-heat reducing flue gas entering from the lower portion in parallel to preheat, and the preheated pyrite powder enters the smelting furnace from the preheating pyrite powder and the oxygen nozzle after being collected.
In the method, the reducing agent for reduction smelting comprises one of but not limited to hydrogen, carbon monoxide, natural gas, LPG or coal powder; the coal powder is carried by oxygen-enriched hot air and sprayed in.
In the method, the dosage of the pyrite powder and the oxygen in the raw materials is calculated by the components of the iron disulfide and the oxygen, and the molar ratio of the pyrite powder to the oxygen is 1: 2-1: 3.
the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) starting a furnace body preheating program of the suspension flash smelting device, spraying natural gas or fuel oil into the furnace body from a nozzle at the upper part of the furnace body, and igniting the natural gas or the fuel oil to ensure that the temperature in the suspension smelting furnace and the reduction smelting molten pool is stably up to 1400-;
(2) in the initial stage of the process, opening a slag outlet and a molten iron outlet on the molten pool, and closing the upper slag outlet, the lower slag outlet and the molten iron outlet when the temperature of the molten pool is stabilized at 1400-1700 ℃;
(3) starting the SO when the temperature of the smelting furnace reaches 1400-2The induced draft fan of the flue gas waste heat utilization device is SO2Providing negative pressure by the flue gas, and spraying preheated pyrite powder and oxygen from a preheated pyrite powder and oxygen burner arranged at the top of the smelting furnace according to the dosage ratio after the negative pressure is stable to carry out oxidation smelting on the pyrite powder;
(4) after the pyrite powder starts to be oxidized and smelted, when the high-iron molten materials in the oxidation smelting molten pool and the reduction smelting molten pool exceed a reducing agent nozzle on the reduction smelting molten pool, spraying a reducing agent from the reducing agent nozzle to carry out reduction smelting; the process of reduction blowing is also the process of slag-iron separation;
(5) the molten iron after the reduction reaction is detected to be discharged from a molten iron outlet and enters a steel making furnace for making steel; discharging high specific gravity slag from a slag outlet at the lower part of the molten pool, and discharging low specific gravity slag from a slag outlet at the upper part of the molten pool;
(6) the high-temperature reduction flue gas of the reduction smelting is discharged from a flue gas outlet at the upper part of the reduction flue gas gravity settling chamber, and is subjected to parallel flow heat exchange with cold pyrite powder entering from an inlet at the lower part of a pyrite powder preheating device to preheat the pyrite powder, the temperature of the preheated pyrite powder is not more than 400 ℃, and the preheated pyrite powder is sprayed into a smelting furnace through a preheated pyrite powder and an oxygen nozzle.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the pure oxygen and the preheated pyrite powder are used for suspension flash smelting, so that the smelting efficiency of the pyrite powder is improved; no special fuel is used, and only a small amount of carbon dioxide is discharged;
(2) suspension oxidation smelting and molten pool reduction smelting are carried out in two reactors, and reduction and oxidation reactions of high-iron molten materials are continuously carried out by utilizing channels on the two molten pools, so that the whole device has the characteristic of high energy utilization efficiency of one reactor and the characteristic of noninterference between oxidation and reduction of the two reactors;
(3) realizes one-step iron making by pyrite, improves the utilization rate of iron resources, and reduces carbon emission and environmental pollution.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a pyrite suspension flash smelting unit according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a suspension oxidation smelting furnace; 2. a pyrite powder and an oxygen nozzle; 3. SO (SO)2A flue; 4. SO (SO)2A flue gas gravity settling chamber; 5. a dust outlet; 6. SO (SO)2A flue gas outlet; 7. a waste heat utilization device; 8. a sulfuric acid and sulfur preparation device; 9. oxidizing a smelting furnace bath; 10. reducing the smelting molten pool; 11. a molten pool channel; 12 a reducing agent inlet; 13. reducing the smoke gravity settling chamber; 14. reducing the flue gas flue; 15. a pyrite powder preheating device; 16. a low specific gravity slag outlet; 17. a high specific gravity slag outlet; 18. a molten iron outlet; 19. a steel-making furnace; 20. a furnace body preheating device.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by, but is not limited to, the following examples.
As shown in the figure, the ferro-sulphur ore powder suspension flash smelting device comprises a suspension oxidation smelting furnace 1 and a smelting furnace material inlet 2 which are positioned in the middle of the device; SO located at left side of the apparatus2Flue 3 and SO2A flue gas gravity settling chamber 4 and a rear system thereof; comprises an oxidation smelting furnace molten pool 9 positioned at the lower part of a suspension oxidation smelting furnace 1 of the device, a reduction smelting molten pool 10 positioned at the left side of the device, and a molten pool channel 11 connecting the oxidation smelting furnace molten pool 9 and the reduction smelting molten pool 10; the reducing agent inlet 12 is distributed on two sides of the reduction smelting molten pool; a reducing gas gravity settling chamber 13 positioned at the upper part of the reduction smelting molten pool, a reducing gas gravity settling chamber rear system reducing flue gas flue 14 and a pyrite powder preheating device 15; a low specific gravity slag outlet 16 and a high specific gravity slag outlet 17 are respectively arranged on the reduction smelting molten pool; a molten iron outlet 18 is arranged at the lower part of the right end of the reduction smelting molten pool, and the molten iron outlet is externally connected with a steelmaking furnace 19; and a suspended oxidation smelting furnaceAnd a furnace body preheating device 20 at the upper part of the reducing gas gravity settling chamber.
Furthermore, the suspension oxidation smelting furnace 1 is a vertical cylindrical material top-spraying smelting furnace consisting of a membrane type water-cooled wall, a pyrite powder and an oxygen nozzle 2 are arranged at the top of the furnace, and the smelting furnace is an oxidation melting suspension smelting area; the lower part of the suspension oxidation smelting furnace 1 is a suspension oxidation smelting furnace molten pool 9; the upper opening at the left side of the suspension oxidation smelting furnace molten pool 9 is SO2Flue 3, SO2 Flue 3 is connected with SO2A flue gas gravity settling chamber 4; the lower opening of the right side of the suspension oxidation smelting furnace molten pool 9 is communicated with the reduction smelting molten pool 10; the reduction smelting bath 10 is rectangular.
The top of the suspension oxidation smelting furnace is provided with a vortex disturbance multi-channel combustion nozzle; left SO2The lower part of the flue gas gravity settling chamber 4 is provided with a dust outlet 5, and the top part is provided with SO2 Flue gas outlet 6, SO2The flue gas outlet 6 is connected with a waste heat recovery device 7, and the back of the waste heat recovery device 7 is connected with a sulfuric acid and sulfur preparation device 8.
Furthermore, a plurality of reducing agent inlets are arranged on two sides of the rectangular reduction smelting molten pool in a staggered mode.
Furthermore, a reducing flue gas outlet at the upper part of the reducing flue gas gravity settling chamber 13 is externally connected with a pyrite powder preheating device 15, and the pyrite powder preheating device 15 is connected with a pyrite powder nozzle of the suspension oxidation smelting furnace.
The invention adopts the device to carry out the pyrite powder suspension flash smelting method, which comprises the following steps:
(1) starting a furnace body preheating program of the suspension flash smelting device, spraying natural gas or fuel oil into the furnace body from a preheating device nozzle at the upper part of the furnace body to ignite, and enabling the temperature in the suspension smelting furnace and the reduction smelting molten pool to stably reach 1400-;
(2) in the initial stage of the process, opening a slag outlet and a molten iron outlet on the molten pool, and closing the upper slag outlet, the lower slag outlet and the molten iron outlet when the temperature of the molten pool is stabilized at 1400-1700 ℃;
(3) starting the SO when the temperature of the smelting furnace reaches 1400-2Draught fan and SO of flue gas waste heat utilization device2Stable negative pressure of flue gas systemAfter the operation is finished, spraying preheated pyrite powder and oxygen in proportion from a preheated pyrite powder and oxygen burner arranged at the top of the suspension smelting furnace to perform oxidizing smelting on the pyrite powder;
(4) after the pyrite powder starts to be oxidized and smelted, when the high-iron molten materials in the oxidation smelting molten pool and the reduction smelting molten pool exceed a reducing agent nozzle on the reduction smelting molten pool, spraying a reducing agent from the reducing agent nozzle to carry out reduction smelting; the process of reduction blowing is also the process of slag-iron separation;
(5) the molten iron after the reduction reaction is detected to be discharged from a molten iron outlet and enters a steel making furnace for making steel; the high specific gravity slag is discharged from a slag outlet at the lower part of the reduction smelting molten pool for further comprehensive utilization, and the low specific gravity slag is discharged from a slag outlet at the upper part of the reduction smelting molten pool for further comprehensive utilization;
(6) high-temperature reduction flue gas of reduction smelting is discharged from a reduction flue gas outlet above a reduction flue gas gravity settling chamber, and is subjected to parallel flow heat exchange with cold pyrite powder entering from an inlet at the lower part of a pyrite powder preheating device to preheat pyrite powder, the temperature of the preheated pyrite powder is not more than 400 ℃, and the preheated pyrite powder is sprayed into a smelting furnace through a preheated pyrite powder and an oxygen nozzle.
The method for carrying out the pyrite suspension smelting by the complete equipment is detailed by the specific implementation process.
Example 1:
starting a preheating device of the pyrite suspension smelting furnace to heat the whole suspension smelting device to 1400 ℃; start-up SO2The draught fan of the flue gas waste heat utilization device 7 leads the SO on the left side2After the negative pressure of the flue gas system is stable, spraying preheated pyrite powder and oxygen from a preheated pyrite powder and oxygen inlet 2 arranged at the top of the smelting furnace to burn, oxidize and smelt the pyrite powder; preheating pyrite powder and the spraying amount of oxygen, wherein the molar ratio of the molecular weight of iron sulfide to the molecular weight of oxygen in pyrite is 1: 2, calculating; high temperature SO decomposed2The flue gas passes through the SO by micro negative pressure2Flue 3 sucking in SO2A flue gas gravity settling chamber 4 for removing dust from SO by gravity settling2High-temperature SO discharged from a dust outlet at the lower part of the flue gas gravity settling chamber2Flue gas inlet waste heat utilizationThe device 7 utilizes the residual heat, then SO2The flue gas system sulfuric acid device 8 produces sulfuric acid; after the pyrite powder starts to be oxidized and smelted, the molten high-iron oxide which is suspended and drifted down falls into an oxidation smelting molten pool 9, and when the molten high-iron materials in the oxidation smelting molten pool and the reduction smelting molten pool exceed a reducing agent nozzle on the reduction smelting molten pool, reducing agent nozzles on two sides of the reduction smelting molten pool are opened to spray a reducing agent H2Carrying out reduction smelting in a molten pool; discharging qualified reduced molten iron from a molten iron outlet 18 into a steelmaking furnace 19 for steelmaking; the reduction converting process is also a slag-iron separation process, high specific gravity slag is discharged from a slag outlet 17 below the molten pool for further comprehensive utilization, and low specific gravity slag is discharged from a slag outlet 16 above the molten pool for further comprehensive utilization; high-temperature flue gas after reduction smelting is discharged from a reduction flue gas outlet 14 above a reduction gas gravity settling chamber 13, and cold pyrite powder sprayed from an inlet at the lower part of a pyrite powder preheating device 15 is subjected to parallel-flow heat exchange to preheat the pyrite powder.
Example 2:
starting a preheating device of the pyrite suspension smelting furnace to heat the whole suspension smelting device to 1700 ℃; start-up SO2After the negative pressure of an induced draft fan of the flue gas waste heat utilization device 7 is stable, preheated pyrite powder and oxygen are sprayed from a preheated pyrite powder and oxygen inlet 2 arranged at the top of the smelting furnace, so that the pyrite powder is combusted, oxidized and smelted; preheating pyrite powder and spraying amount of oxygen, wherein the molar ratio of the molecular weight of iron sulfide to the molecular weight of oxygen in pyrite is 1: 3, calculating; high temperature SO decomposed2The flue gas passes through the SO by micro negative pressure2Flue 3 sucking in SO2A flue gas gravity settling chamber 4 for removing dust from SO by gravity settling2High-temperature SO discharged from a dust outlet at the lower part of the flue gas gravity settling chamber2The flue gas enters a waste heat utilization device 7 to utilize waste heat, and then SO2Carrying out sulfuric acid production by a sulfuric acid carrying device 8; after the ferro-sulphur ore powder starts to be oxidized and smelted, the molten ferric oxide which is suspended and drifted down falls into an oxidation smelting molten pool 9, when the molten materials of the high iron in the oxidation smelting molten pool and a reduction smelting molten pool 10 exceed a reducing agent nozzle on the reduction smelting molten pool, reducing agent nozzles 12 on two sides of the reduction smelting molten pool are opened to inject reducing agent carbon monoxide to carry out molten poolReduction smelting; discharging qualified reduced molten iron from a molten iron outlet 18 into a steelmaking furnace 19 for steelmaking; the reduction converting process is also a slag-iron separation process, high specific gravity slag is discharged from a slag outlet 17 below the molten pool for further comprehensive utilization, and low specific gravity slag is discharged from a slag outlet 16 above the molten pool for further comprehensive utilization; high-temperature flue gas after reduction smelting is discharged from a reduction flue gas outlet 14 above a reduction gas gravity settling chamber 13, and cold pyrite powder sprayed from an inlet at the lower part of a pyrite powder preheating device 15 is subjected to parallel-flow heat exchange to preheat the pyrite powder.
Example 3:
starting a preheating device of the pyrite suspension smelting furnace to heat the temperature of the whole suspension smelting device to 1550 ℃; start-up SO2Draught fan and SO of flue gas waste heat utilization device 72After the negative pressure of the flue gas system is stable, spraying preheated pyrite powder and oxygen from a preheated pyrite powder and oxygen inlet 2 arranged at the top of the smelting furnace to burn, oxidize and smelt the pyrite powder; preheating pyrite powder and spraying amount of oxygen, wherein the molar ratio of the molecular weight of iron sulfide to the molecular weight of oxygen in pyrite is 1: 2.5 calculating; high temperature SO decomposed2The flue gas passes through the SO by micro negative pressure2Flue 3 sucking in SO2A flue gas gravity settling chamber 4 for removing dust from SO by gravity settling2High-temperature SO discharged from a dust outlet at the lower part of the flue gas gravity settling chamber2The flue gas enters a waste heat utilization device 7 to utilize waste heat, and then SO2Carrying out sulfuric acid production by a sulfuric acid carrying device 8; after the ferro-sulphur ore powder starts to be oxidized and smelted, the molten ferric oxide which floats and falls in a suspending way falls into an oxidizing smelting molten pool 9, and when the molten materials of the high iron in the oxidizing smelting molten pool and a reducing smelting molten pool 10 exceed a reducing agent nozzle on the reducing smelting molten pool, reducing agent nozzles 12 on two sides of the reducing smelting molten pool 10 are opened, and reducing agent coal dust is carried by hot air and sprayed into the reducing agent nozzles to carry out reduction smelting of the molten pool; discharging qualified reduced molten iron from a molten iron outlet 18 into a steelmaking furnace 19 for steelmaking; the reduction converting process is also a slag-iron separation process, high specific gravity slag is discharged from a slag outlet 17 below the molten pool for further comprehensive utilization, and low specific gravity slag is discharged from a slag outlet 16 above the molten pool for further comprehensive utilization; the high-temperature flue gas after reduction smelting flows out of a reduction flue gas outlet 1 above a reduction gas gravity settling chamber 134, discharging the sulfur iron ore powder, and preheating the sulfur iron ore powder by carrying out parallel flow heat exchange on the cold sulfur iron ore powder sprayed from an inlet at the lower part of the sulfur iron ore powder preheating device 15.
Example 4:
starting a preheating device of the pyrite suspension smelting furnace to heat the temperature of the whole suspension smelting device to 1500 ℃; start-up SO2Draught fan and SO of flue gas waste heat utilization device 72After the negative pressure of the flue gas system is stable, spraying preheated pyrite powder and oxygen from a preheated pyrite powder and oxygen inlet 2 arranged at the top of the smelting furnace to burn, oxidize and smelt the pyrite powder; preheating pyrite powder and spraying amount of oxygen, wherein the molar ratio of the molecular weight of iron sulfide to the molecular weight of oxygen in pyrite is 1: 2.3, calculating; high temperature SO decomposed2The flue gas passes through the SO by micro negative pressure2Flue 3 sucking in SO2A flue gas gravity settling chamber 4 for removing dust from SO by gravity settling2High-temperature SO discharged from a dust outlet at the lower part of the flue gas gravity settling chamber2The flue gas enters a waste heat utilization device 7 to utilize waste heat, and then SO2Carrying out sulfuric acid production by a sulfuric acid carrying device 8; after the ferro-sulphur ore powder starts to be oxidized and smelted, the molten ferric oxide which floats and falls in a suspending way falls into an oxidizing smelting molten pool 9, and when the molten materials of the high iron in the oxidizing smelting molten pool and a reducing smelting molten pool 10 exceed a reducing agent nozzle on the reducing smelting molten pool, reducing agent nozzles 12 on two sides of the reducing smelting molten pool 10 are opened to spray reducing agent natural gas to carry out reduction smelting on the molten pool; discharging qualified reduced molten iron from a molten iron outlet 18 into a steelmaking furnace 19 for steelmaking; the reduction converting process is also a slag-iron separation process, high specific gravity slag is discharged from a slag outlet 17 below the molten pool for further comprehensive utilization, and low specific gravity slag is discharged from a slag outlet 16 above the molten pool for further comprehensive utilization; high-temperature flue gas after reduction smelting is discharged from a reduction flue gas outlet 14 above a reduction gas gravity settling chamber 13, and cold pyrite powder sprayed from an inlet at the lower part of a pyrite powder preheating device 15 is subjected to parallel-flow heat exchange to preheat the pyrite powder.
Example 5:
starting a preheating device of the pyrite suspension smelting furnace to heat the whole suspension smelting device to 1600 ℃; start-up SO2Draught fan and SO of flue gas waste heat utilization device 72After the negative pressure of the flue gas system is stable, spraying preheated pyrite powder and oxygen from a preheated pyrite powder and oxygen inlet 2 arranged at the top of the smelting furnace to burn, oxidize and smelt the pyrite powder; preheating pyrite powder and spraying amount of oxygen, wherein the molar ratio of the molecular weight of iron sulfide to the molecular weight of oxygen in pyrite is 1: 2.7 calculating; high temperature SO decomposed2The flue gas passes through the SO by micro negative pressure2Flue 3 sucking in SO2A flue gas gravity settling chamber 4 for removing dust from SO by gravity settling2High-temperature SO discharged from a dust outlet at the lower part of the flue gas gravity settling chamber2The flue gas enters a waste heat utilization device 7 to utilize waste heat, and then SO2Carrying out sulfuric acid production by a sulfuric acid carrying device 8; after the ferro-sulphur ore powder starts to be oxidized and smelted, the molten ferric oxide which floats and falls in a suspending way falls into an oxidizing smelting molten pool 9, and when the molten materials of the high iron in the oxidizing smelting molten pool and a reducing smelting molten pool 10 exceed a reducing agent nozzle on the reducing smelting molten pool, reducing agent nozzles 12 on two sides of the reducing smelting molten pool 10 are opened to spray reducing agent LPG for carrying out reduction smelting on the molten pool; discharging qualified reduced molten iron from a molten iron outlet 18 into a steelmaking furnace 19 for steelmaking; the reduction converting process is also a slag-iron separation process, high specific gravity slag is discharged from a slag outlet 17 below the molten pool for further comprehensive utilization, and low specific gravity slag is discharged from a slag outlet 16 above the molten pool for further comprehensive utilization; high-temperature flue gas after reduction smelting is discharged from a reduction flue gas outlet 14 above a reduction gas gravity settling chamber 13, and cold pyrite powder sprayed from an inlet at the lower part of a pyrite powder preheating device 15 is subjected to parallel-flow heat exchange to preheat the pyrite powder.
Claims (10)
1. A pyrite suspension flash smelting device is characterized in that: the device is a smelting device with a three-furnace structure, the middle part of the smelting device is a suspension oxidation smelting furnace, and the left side of the suspension oxidation smelting furnace is SO2The right side of the flue gas gravity settling chamber is a reduction smelting molten pool and a reduction flue gas gravity settling chamber at the upper part of the reduction smelting molten pool.
2. The pyrite suspension flash smelting device according to claim 1, wherein: the suspension oxidation smelting furnace is cooled by membrane waterThe top of a vertical cylindrical material top-spraying smelting furnace consisting of walls is provided with a pyrite powder and an oxygen nozzle, and the smelting furnace is an oxidation melting suspension smelting area; the lower part of the smelting furnace is a suspension oxidation smelting furnace molten pool; the upper opening at the left side of the molten pool of the suspension oxidation smelting furnace is SO2Flue, SO2Flue connection SO2A flue gas gravity settling chamber; an opening at the lower part of the right side of the smelting pool of the suspension oxidation smelting furnace is communicated with the reduction smelting pool; the reduction smelting molten pool is rectangular, the right side of the reduction smelting molten pool is provided with an upper slag outlet and a lower slag outlet, the lower part of the right end of the reduction smelting molten pool is provided with a molten iron outlet, and the molten iron outlet is externally connected with a steel furnace; the top of the reduction flue gas gravity settling chamber is provided with a reduction flue gas outlet;
the upper part of the suspension oxidation smelting furnace and the upper part of the reducing gas gravity settling chamber are respectively connected with a furnace body preheating device;
the top of the suspension oxidation smelting furnace is provided with a vortex disturbance multi-channel combustion nozzle; left SO2The lower part of the flue gas gravity settling chamber is provided with a dust outlet, and the top part is provided with SO2Flue gas outlet, SO2The flue gas outlet is connected with a waste heat recovery device, and the back of the waste heat recovery device is connected with a sulfuric acid or sulfur preparation device to produce sulfuric acid or sulfur.
3. The pyrite suspension flash smelting device according to claim 2, wherein: a channel is arranged between the suspension oxidation smelting furnace molten pool and the reduction smelting molten pool, the sectional area of the channel is matched with the suspension oxidation smelting yield, the gradient of 0-5 degrees is formed from left to right, and molten high-iron oxide can only flow from the suspension oxidation smelting furnace molten pool to the reduction smelting molten pool; a plurality of reducing agent inlets are arranged on two sides of the rectangular reduction smelting molten pool in a staggered manner.
4. The pyrite suspension flash smelting device according to claim 1, wherein: the reducing flue gas outlet at the upper part of the reducing flue gas gravity settling chamber is externally connected with a pyrite powder preheating device, and the pyrite powder preheating device is connected with a pyrite powder nozzle of the suspension oxidation smelting furnace.
5. A pyrite suspension flash smelting method which adopts the pyrite suspension flash smelting device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, and is characterized in that: the self-combustion oxidation smelting and the molten bath reduction smelting of the pyrite are a continuous process, and comprise the following steps:
(1) spraying preheated pyrite powder and pure oxygen into the smelting furnace from a burner at the top of the suspension oxidation smelting furnace, and carrying out oxidation smelting by utilizing the self-combustibility of sulfur, wherein the combustion temperature is controlled to be 1400-1700 ℃;
(2) high temperature SO produced by combustion2SO of flue gas from the upper part of the left side of the oxidizing smelting molten pool2SO is sucked into the flue through micro negative pressure2A flue gas gravity settling chamber, and settled dust is discharged from SO2Discharging the dust at the lower part of the flue gas gravity settling chamber, and preliminarily purifying the SO2Flue gas from SO2The flue gas outlet at the top of the flue gas gravity settling chamber enters SO2A flue gas waste heat utilization device; SO after waste heat utilization2Flue gas is carried to sulfuric acid or a sulfur device to produce sulfur or sulfuric acid;
(3) in the suspension oxidation smelting furnace, the molten high-iron oxide falls into a molten pool of the lower oxidation smelting furnace from an oxidation smelting area in a suspension manner;
(4) the molten high-iron oxide falling into the lower suspension oxidation smelting furnace molten pool enters the left reduction smelting molten pool through a lower channel on the right side of the suspension oxidation smelting molten pool, and is subjected to continuous reduction smelting with a reducing agent sprayed from a reducing agent inlet on the reduction smelting molten pool, and the reduction flue gas is discharged from a reduction flue gas flue on the upper part of a reduction flue gas gravity settling chamber;
(5) and the low-specific gravity slag generated by reduction smelting is discharged from a slag outlet on the reduction smelting molten pool, the high-specific gravity slag is discharged from a slag outlet under the reduction smelting molten pool, and the molten iron is discharged from a molten iron outlet and enters a steel-making furnace for making steel.
6. The pyrite suspension flash smelting method according to claim 5, characterized in that: into the left SO2SO of flue2The flue gas is subjected to micro-negative pressure operation, and a negative pressure environment is provided by a draught fan of the waste heat utilization device; a micro negative pressure zero point position arranged on the left side of the smelting bath of the oxidation smelting furnaceSO of (A)2The side of the melting pool of the flue.
7. The pyrite suspension flash smelting method according to claim 5, characterized in that: the granularity of the pyrite powder is 200-300 meshes; lime and fluorite are added into the pyrite powder according to the requirement to form slag.
8. The pyrite suspension flash smelting method according to claim 5, characterized in that: the pyrite suspension flash smelting method further comprises the following steps: cold pyrite powder is sprayed from the lower opening of the preheating device outside the reducing flue gas outlet and exchanges heat with high-heat reducing flue gas entering from the lower portion in parallel to preheat, and the preheated pyrite powder enters the smelting furnace from the preheating pyrite powder and the oxygen nozzle after being collected.
9. The pyrite suspension flash smelting method according to claim 5, characterized in that: the reducing agent for reduction smelting comprises one of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, natural gas, LPG or coal powder; the coal powder is carried by oxygen-enriched hot air and sprayed; the dosage of the pyrite powder and the oxygen in the raw materials is calculated by the components of the iron disulfide and the oxygen, and the molar ratio of the pyrite powder to the oxygen is 1: 2-1: 3.
10. the pyrite suspension flash smelting method according to any one of claims 5 to 9, characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) starting a furnace body preheating program of the suspension flash smelting device, spraying natural gas or fuel oil into the furnace from a nozzle at the upper part of the furnace body, and igniting the natural gas or the fuel oil to ensure that the temperature in the suspension smelting furnace and the reduction smelting molten pool is stably up to 1400-;
(2) in the initial stage of the process, opening a slag outlet and a molten iron outlet on the molten pool, and closing the upper slag outlet, the lower slag outlet and the molten iron outlet when the temperature of the molten pool is stabilized at 1400-1700 ℃;
(3) starting the SO when the temperature of the smelting furnace reaches 1400-2The induced draft fan of the flue gas waste heat utilization device is SO2The smoke provides negative pressure, and after the negative pressure is stable, the smoke is preheated from the top of the smelting furnaceSpraying preheated pyrite powder and oxygen into the pyrite powder and the oxygen burner according to the dosage ratio, and carrying out oxidation smelting on the pyrite powder;
(4) after the pyrite powder starts to be oxidized and smelted, when the high-iron molten materials in the oxidation smelting molten pool and the reduction smelting molten pool exceed a reducing agent nozzle on the reduction smelting molten pool, spraying a reducing agent from the reducing agent nozzle to carry out reduction smelting; the process of reduction blowing is also the process of slag-iron separation;
(5) the molten iron after the reduction reaction is detected to be discharged from a molten iron outlet and enters a steel making furnace for making steel; discharging high specific gravity slag from a slag outlet at the lower part of the molten pool, and discharging low specific gravity slag from a slag outlet at the upper part of the molten pool;
(6) the high-temperature reduction flue gas of the reduction smelting is discharged from a flue gas outlet at the upper part of the reduction flue gas gravity settling chamber, and is subjected to parallel flow heat exchange with cold pyrite powder entering from an inlet at the lower part of a pyrite powder preheating device to preheat the pyrite powder, the temperature of the preheated pyrite powder is not more than 400 ℃, and the preheated pyrite powder is sprayed into a smelting furnace through a preheated pyrite powder and an oxygen nozzle.
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