CN114275003A - Method for detecting and evaluating irregularity of temporary transportation track in super-long tunnel under construction - Google Patents
Method for detecting and evaluating irregularity of temporary transportation track in super-long tunnel under construction Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for detecting the irregularity of a temporary transportation track in a super-long tunnel TBM under construction, which is applied to a track irregularity detection evaluation system and aims to solve the problem of low detection capability of the existing track irregularity detection; (2) the method comprises the following steps of (1) evaluating the irregularity of each joint, each section of track and each kilometer of the track by acquiring data such as speed, amplitude, mileage and the like of a rail train in operation and comparing and analyzing the data with a standard database; (3) the vehicle-mounted display device reminds a driver of vehicle deceleration, and the background data report reminds a manager of temporary track maintenance. The method has the advantages that real-time detection and evaluation can be realized through double-track measurement, manual inspection is reduced, the detection frequency is improved, and the temporary running risk of the railway vehicle is effectively reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of safe transportation of materials in an ultra-long TBM tunnel, in particular to a method for detecting the irregularity of a temporary transportation track in an ultra-long TBM tunnel under construction.
Background
The construction of tunnel engineering has gradually developed towards the direction of ultra-long distance construction, and the TBM is more and more widely applied as a rapid construction device for long and large tunnels. Materials and personnel required in the TBM tunnel construction process need be transported to the working face through the rail train, but most temporary tracks are erected in tunnel construction for vehicle transportation, the temporary tracks are mainly used as tracks for material transportation in the construction process, although the vehicle running speed is low, the laying quality requirement is low compared with the tracks in railway operation, the transport efficiency of the rail train is directly influenced by the irregularity of the temporary tracks, even the production safety is ensured, and accidents such as derailment of the rail train are avoided.
The existing track detection method cannot directly detect and evaluate the irregularity of the temporary track because the temporary track is far short of the laying quality of tracks such as railways, but the existing method for detecting the irregularity of the temporary track is less, the height error of a track joint is determined only by measuring a meter ruler during initial laying, most of the methods are manual inspection at variable time in the using process, the efficiency is low, the detection effect is poor, the irregularity degree of the track cannot be timely and effectively detected, and the safe operation of a rail vehicle is directly influenced.
In the published patent document, a patent named as rail irregularity detection and evaluation system, a method, electronic equipment and a rail vehicle with application number 2021104610158 discloses a method for obtaining a rail irregularity value through three-dimensional data of each measuring point, the design comprises a plurality of electronic modules, and the automation degree is high, but the applicant considers that the technology has the defects of complex data and high cost, is not suitable for general application, and is particularly not suitable for detecting the rail irregularity of temporary transportation of a TBM tunnel. After all, the temporary transportation track in the TBM tunnel is characterized in that: 1. the total plant length is long, if the single-point summary is carried out, the data volume is large, the processing cost is high, and one of the characteristics of the temporary track is to compress the cost on the premise of ensuring the transportation; 2. the data of the basic data pool is overlarge, the database generation time is long, and the characteristics that the temporary track is assembled in a short period and put into production as soon as possible are not met.
In summary, the main problem to be solved is that there is an unevenness measurement technique which is too costly and not suitable for temporary tracks, and the conventional technique cannot ensure the safety of material transportation in TBM tunnel construction.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a method for rapidly detecting the irregularity of a temporary track, and aims to improve the safety and the efficiency of material transportation in the construction of an ultra-long TBM tunnel.
The method comprises the following steps:
(1) installation of collection equipment: the method comprises the following steps that rail vehicle vibration sensors are respectively installed on the left side wheel and the right side wheel of a detected train, odometers are installed on the wheels of a testing machine and beside the vibration sensors, a data acquisition device is arranged on a vehicle main control console, the input end of the data acquisition device is connected with the vibration sensors and the odometers, the output end of the data acquisition device is connected with a vehicle-mounted terminal, the vehicle-mounted terminal is connected with a display and analysis module, and the vehicle-mounted terminal and the display and analysis module are installed in a locomotive cab;
(2) data acquisition: the method comprises the steps that a detected vehicle runs on a temporary track laid initially according to different speeds, the amplitude of the vehicle passing through a track joint under the working conditions of different vehicle speeds v and corresponding accelerations is obtained and serves as an initial value, a standard database is established, the vibration amplitudes [ fleft ] and [ fright ] of the joints on the lower left track and the lower right track of the different vehicle speeds v and the corresponding accelerations are obtained, mileage data at the position of each joint is obtained, and the amplitude [ F ] of each joint, an amplitude-speed ratio limit value [ F/v ], an inclination value [ delta F ] of each joint, a longitudinal irregularity value [ F ] of each section of track and an irregularity comprehensive index [ k ] of each kilometer of track are generated;
(3) evaluation: in the test process, instantaneous F, F/v, delta F, F and k are formed through data acquisition of speed, amplitude and mileage when the rail train runs, and then comparison and analysis are performed on the instantaneous F, F/v, delta F, F and k and a standard database, and irregularity evaluation of each joint, irregularity evaluation of each section and irregularity evaluation of each kilometer are sequentially performed.
Wherein, in the step (2), the comprehensive index [ k ] of the irregularity of the track per kilometer]The method comprises taking every 1km track as a unit interval, each side track of each interval has n sections of tracks, 1 joint is arranged between every two sections of tracks, respectively obtaining the amplitude f of each joint, and calculating the inclination value of each joint
The longitudinal irregularity value F of each section of track can obtain the comprehensive index of irregularity of single-side track per kilometer
；
Amplitude to velocity ratio limit f/v]Per contact tilt value
(ii) a Longitudinal irregularity of each section of track
And L is the length of each track. i is a measuring point number, the number is started from 1, and the specific position of i can be known through a speedometer; the comprehensive index of irregularity of the track on one side per kilometer
Wherein
，
Is the coefficient of variation.
The step (3) comprises the following steps:
A. the method comprises the following steps that materials are normally transported on a temporary track by a train, a data acquisition device acquires and stores acceleration, joint amplitude, mileage and vehicle speed data in real time, and an analysis module calculates amplitude-speed ratio F/v, inclination value delta F of each joint, longitudinal irregularity value F of each section of track and comprehensive irregularity index k of each kilometer in real time;
B. the vehicle-mounted terminal displays the ratios of f/v and delta f to [ f/v ] and [ delta f ] respectively in real time, and reminds a driver to drive at a reduced speed and pay attention to safety when the ratio exceeds 0.8.
C. And (5) displaying F, k ratios of the ratios to [ F ] and [ k ] in real time by the background terminal, and generating a task report when the ratio is greater than 0.8.
In the step (3), the step (c),
the irregularity evaluation of each joint comprises the steps of collecting an inclination value of each joint and an amplitude-velocity ratio of each joint, and reminding deceleration through a vehicle-mounted terminal on the premise that f/v is greater than 0.8[ f/v ] and delta f is greater than 0.8[ delta f ];
the irregularity evaluation of each section comprises the steps of collecting the longitudinal gradient F of each section, and generating a report form reminding for maintenance through background reminding on the premise that F is greater than 0.8[ F ];
the irregularity evaluation per kilometer comprises the steps of collecting irregularity value k per kilometer, and generating a report form reminding for maintenance through background reminding on the premise that k is greater than 0.8[ k ].
And (3) generating a task report when the evaluation of the irregularity of each section of track and each kilometer of track is prompted, wherein the display content of the report comprises the irregularity result of the contact points to be overhauled and the specific position coordinate information.
And a real-time alarm lamp is also arranged in the display and analysis module to prompt that the vehicle stops in time when f is far more than 0.8.
And a pre-step, wherein the pre-step comprises measuring a roller wear dimension x, inputting the measured value into the data acquisition device as a correction value, and then correcting the measured value in the step (3) by inputting an amplitude f = acquisition amplitude f + x, wherein x is a wheel radius reduction dimension.
The transport vehicle comprises a multi-section transport platform, wherein at least wheels of the head and tail platforms are respectively provided with a data acquisition device, detection is mainly performed by the data acquisition device under the head platform, but in the step (3), when the irregularity evaluation of each joint is f/v >0.8[ f/v ] and delta f >0.8[ delta f ], the transport vehicle further comprises a post-check step, the post-check step comprises the steps of extracting information of a coordinate section corresponding to the data acquisition device mounted at the tail of the vehicle, extracting f/v and delta f of the irregularity evaluation of the joint, and if f/v >0.8[ f/v ] and delta f >0.8[ delta f ], judging that the speed is continuously reduced, and keeping the speed stable output to the end of the transport period under other conditions.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has outstanding substantive characteristics and remarkable progress, and particularly has the following advantages:
the invention realizes the detection of the amplitude of the temporary track joint and the calculation of the inclination value of the regional track, evaluates the irregularity of the temporary track by comparing and analyzing the allowable value under the allowable working condition, and can timely reduce the driving risk and accurately investigate the track by vehicle reminding and background report forms. The invention can realize real-time detection and evaluation of the irregularity of the temporary track in the running process of the vehicle, reduce manual inspection, improve detection frequency and effectively reduce the running risk of the temporary track vehicle;
the comparison data in the data pool is less, the detection data is less, the data is saved, the detection system is relatively simplified, the cost is low, and the cost requirement on the temporary track is met;
an independent sample can be generated for each single track, independent measurement is carried out, the measurement characteristics of a long-distance TBM tunnel are met, the smoothness of the single track and the smoothness between two tracks at the same position are measured, and the measurement is more comprehensive;
the data base has less relative data, is more suitable for the working condition of the tunnel, can realize the next detection, is suitable for the characteristic that the temporary track mainly bears the transportation task, and can prevent the deformation of the track under heavy pressure at any time.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of an example of the method for detecting and evaluating the irregularity of the temporary transportation track in the super-long tunnel under construction according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the detection of the rough track of the temporary track during the running of the train according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a railcar wheel; 2. an axle; 3. a temporary track; 4. a cross brace; 5. a contact point; 6. an acceleration sensor; 7. an odometer; B. track spacing; l. track length.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the following embodiments.
Example 1
The method comprises the following steps:
(1) installation of collection equipment: the method comprises the following steps that rail vehicle vibration sensors are respectively installed on the left side wheel and the right side wheel of a detected train, odometers are installed on the wheels of a testing machine and beside the vibration sensors, a data acquisition device is arranged on a vehicle main control console, the input end of the data acquisition device is connected with the vibration sensors and the odometers, the output end of the data acquisition device is connected with a vehicle-mounted terminal, the vehicle-mounted terminal is connected with a display and analysis module, and the vehicle-mounted terminal and the display and analysis module are installed in a locomotive cab;
(2) data acquisition: the method comprises the steps that a detected vehicle runs on a temporary track laid initially according to different speeds, the amplitude of the vehicle passing through a track joint under the working conditions of different vehicle speeds v and corresponding accelerations is obtained and serves as an initial value, a standard database is established, the vibration amplitudes [ fleft ] and [ fright ] of the joints on the lower left track and the lower right track of the different vehicle speeds v and the corresponding accelerations are obtained, mileage data at the position of each joint is obtained, and the amplitude [ F ] of each joint, an amplitude-speed ratio limit value [ F/v ], an inclination value [ delta F ] of each joint, a longitudinal irregularity value [ F ] of each section of track and an irregularity comprehensive index [ k ] of each kilometer of track are generated;
(3) evaluation: in the test process, instantaneous F, F/v, delta F, F and k are formed through data acquisition of speed, amplitude and mileage when the rail train runs, and then comparison and analysis are performed on the instantaneous F, F/v, delta F, F and k and a standard database, and irregularity evaluation of each joint, irregularity evaluation of each section and irregularity evaluation of each kilometer are sequentially performed.
Wherein, in the step (2), the comprehensive index [ k ] of the irregularity of the track per kilometer]The method comprises taking every 1km track as a unit interval, each side track of each interval has n sections of tracks, 1 joint is arranged between every two sections of tracks, respectively obtaining the amplitude f of each joint, and calculating the inclination value of each joint
The longitudinal irregularity value F of each section of track can obtain the comprehensive index of irregularity of single-side track per kilometer
；
Amplitude to velocity ratio limit f/v]Per contact tilt value
(ii) a Longitudinal irregularity of each section of track
And L is the length of each track. i is a measuring point number, the number is started from 1, and the specific position of i can be known through a speedometer; the comprehensive index of irregularity of the track on one side per kilometer
Wherein
，
Is the coefficient of variation.
The step (3) comprises the following steps:
A. the method comprises the following steps that materials are normally transported on a temporary track by a train, a data acquisition device acquires and stores acceleration, joint amplitude, mileage and vehicle speed data in real time, and an analysis module calculates amplitude-speed ratio F/v, inclination value delta F of each joint, longitudinal irregularity value F of each section of track and comprehensive irregularity index k of each kilometer in real time;
B. the vehicle-mounted terminal displays the ratios of f/v and delta f to [ f/v ] and [ delta f ] respectively in real time, and reminds a driver to drive at a reduced speed and pay attention to safety when the ratio exceeds 0.8.
C. And (5) displaying F, k ratios of the ratios to [ F ] and [ k ] in real time by the background terminal, and generating a task report when the ratio is greater than 0.8.
In the step (3), the step (c),
the irregularity evaluation of each joint comprises the steps of collecting an inclination value of each joint and an amplitude-velocity ratio of each joint, and reminding deceleration through a vehicle-mounted terminal on the premise that f/v is greater than 0.8[ f/v ] and delta f is greater than 0.8[ delta f ];
the irregularity evaluation of each section comprises the steps of collecting the longitudinal gradient F of each section, and generating a report form reminding for maintenance through background reminding on the premise that F is greater than 0.8[ F ];
the irregularity evaluation per kilometer comprises the steps of collecting irregularity value k per kilometer, and generating a report form reminding for maintenance through background reminding on the premise that k is greater than 0.8[ k ].
And (3) generating a task report when the evaluation of the irregularity of each section of track and each kilometer of track is prompted, wherein the display content of the report comprises the irregularity result of the contact points to be overhauled and the specific position coordinate information.
And a real-time alarm lamp is also arranged in the display and analysis module to prompt that the vehicle stops in time when f is far more than 0.8.
In the specific working process, as shown in fig. 1 and 2:
first, vibration sensors are installed near the left and right wheels of the train, respectively, and a odometer is installed near one vibration sensor. Installing a data acquisition device and a vehicle-mounted terminal carrying a display and analysis module in a locomotive cab;
secondly, connecting the sensor with an acquisition device, and acquiring and storing sensor data;
then, the train runs on the initially laid temporary track at different speeds, and vibration amplitudes of joints on the left track and the right track under different speeds are obtainedf Left side of、f Right sideAnd acquiring mileage data at each joint position.
Thereafter, an allowable value of an initial laying temporary track irregularity index, including an amplitude-velocity ratio limit valuef/v]And the tilt value per contact [ phi ]△f]The longitudinal irregularity value of each section of trackF]Comprehensive index of track irregularity per kilometerk]The train normally runs on the temporary track to transport materials, the data acquisition device acquires and stores data such as acceleration, joint amplitude, mileage, vehicle speed and the like in real time, and the analysis module calculates the amplitude-speed ratio in real timef/vTilt per contact△fLongitudinal irregularity of each track sectionFComprehensive index of track irregularity per kilometerk。
In the process, the vehicle-mounted terminal displays in real timef/v、△fRespectively associated with [ [ solution ] ]f/v]、[△f]When the ratio exceeds 0.8, the driver is reminded to drive at a reduced speed, and the safety is noticed.
Background terminal real-time displayF、kRespectively associated with [ [ solution ] ]F]、[k]When the ratio is larger than 0.8, a task report is generated, and the overhaul worker overhauls according to the position information and the irregularity result.
During the whole working process, the empty vehicle can run for multiple times, an initial database is established, then in each round of round-trip transportation, the real-time value is compared with the numerical value in the database, and further reference is made to whether the temporary track is deformed or not, where the temporary track is deformed, what the deformation condition is, and whether the maintenance is needed or not before the round of transportation.
And a pre-step, wherein the pre-step comprises measuring a roller wear dimension x, inputting the measured value into the data acquisition device as a correction value, and then correcting the measured value in the step (3) by inputting an amplitude f = acquisition amplitude f + x, wherein x is a wheel radius reduction dimension. The design is suitable for the defects of frequent reciprocation, large load, frequent overweight state and easy abrasion of the transport wheels in the equipment, and prevents over-frequent supersaturation maintenance;
simultaneously, the measuring scheme of the double tracks can further prevent the transport vehicle from inclining, and reduce the operation risk of the workers along the transport tracks.
The coefficient of variation mentioned in the present invention is defined as the ratio of standard deviation to mean value by the concept of conventional probability theory, and those skilled in the art can calculate the value by information processing of data.
Example 2
The principle of the embodiment is the same as that of embodiment 1, and the specific difference is that the transport vehicle includes a multi-section transport platform, at least wheels of the head and tail platforms are respectively provided with a data acquisition device, detection is mainly performed by the data acquisition device under the head platform, but in the step (3), when the irregularity evaluation of each joint is performed at f/v >0.8[ f/v ], and Δ f >0.8[ Δ f ], the method further includes a post-check step, the post-check step includes extracting information of a corresponding coordinate section of the data acquisition device installed at the tail of the vehicle in a way, extracting f/v and Δ f of the irregularity evaluation of the joint, and if f/v >0.8[ f/v ], and Δ f >0.8[ Δ f ], judging to continue deceleration, otherwise, keeping the speed stable and outputting to the end of the transport cycle. The design mainly aims at the condition that the transport vehicle in the tunnel adopts a plurality of sections of rail vehicles, namely when the system suggests deceleration, the design of a plurality of sections is utilized, and the tail part checks whether the deceleration amplitude meets the requirement when the tail part passes through the same position after deceleration.
This embodiment is installed as the head and the tail, and correction opportunity that can once, analogize, if there are N sections on the transport vechicle, a plurality of data acquisition device of installation just can have N-1 correction opportunity, whether safe after the staff of being convenient for more reasonable knows single or many times deceleration. If the transport vehicle is provided with N sections, the transport vehicle is usually only used for tunnel construction, and the quantity of articles and construction wastes which need to be exchanged inside and outside the transport vehicle is large. The design can further ensure the safe operation of the equipment and the system.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention and not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art will understand that: modifications to the specific embodiments of the invention or equivalent substitutions for parts of the technical features may be made; without departing from the spirit of the present invention, it is intended to cover all aspects of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A method for detecting the irregularity of a temporary transportation track in an ultra-long TBM under construction is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) installation of collection equipment: the method comprises the following steps that rail vehicle vibration sensors are respectively installed on the left side wheel and the right side wheel of a detected train, odometers are installed on the wheels of a testing machine and beside the vibration sensors, a data acquisition device is arranged on a vehicle main control console, the input end of the data acquisition device is connected with the vibration sensors and the odometers, the output end of the data acquisition device is connected with a vehicle-mounted terminal, the vehicle-mounted terminal is connected with a display and analysis module, and the vehicle-mounted terminal and the display and analysis module are installed in a locomotive cab;
(2) data acquisition: the method comprises the steps that a detected vehicle runs on a temporary track laid initially according to different speeds, the amplitude of the vehicle passing through a track joint under the working conditions of different vehicle speeds v and corresponding accelerations is obtained and serves as an initial value, a standard database is established, the vibration amplitudes [ fleft ] and [ fright ] of the joints on the lower left track and the lower right track of the different vehicle speeds v and the corresponding accelerations are obtained, mileage data at the position of each joint is obtained, and the amplitude [ F ] of each joint, an amplitude-speed ratio limit value [ F/v ], an inclination value [ delta F ] of each joint, a longitudinal irregularity value [ F ] of each section of track and an irregularity comprehensive index [ k ] of each kilometer of track are generated;
(3) evaluation: in the test process, instantaneous F, F/v, delta F, F and k are formed through data acquisition of speed, amplitude and mileage when the rail train runs, and then comparison and analysis are performed on the instantaneous F, F/v, delta F, F and k and a standard database, and irregularity evaluation of each joint, irregularity evaluation of each section and irregularity evaluation of each kilometer are sequentially performed.
2. The method for detecting the irregularity of the temporary transportation track in the construction of the ultra-long TBM tunnel according to claim 1,
wherein, in the step (2), the comprehensive index [ k ] of the irregularity of the track per kilometer]The method comprises taking every 1km track as a unit interval, each side track of each interval has n sections of tracks, 1 joint is arranged between every two sections of tracks, respectively obtaining the amplitude f of each joint, and calculating the inclination value of each joint
The longitudinal irregularity value F of each section of track can obtain the comprehensive index of irregularity of single-side track per kilometer
；
Amplitude to velocity ratio limit f/v]Per contact tilt value
(ii) a Longitudinal irregularity of each section of track
L is the length of each section of track; i is a measuring point number, the number is started from 1, and the specific position of i can be known through a speedometer; the comprehensive index of irregularity of the track on one side per kilometer
Wherein
，
Is the coefficient of variation.
3. The method for detecting the irregularity of the temporary transportation track in the construction of the ultra-long TBM tunnel according to claim 1, wherein the step (3) comprises the following steps:
A. the method comprises the following steps that materials are normally transported on a temporary track by a train, a data acquisition device acquires and stores acceleration, joint amplitude, mileage and vehicle speed data in real time, and an analysis module calculates amplitude-speed ratio F/v, inclination value delta F of each joint, longitudinal irregularity value F of each section of track and comprehensive irregularity index k of each kilometer in real time;
B. the vehicle-mounted terminal displays the ratios of f/v and delta f to [ f/v ] and [ delta f ] respectively in real time, and reminds a driver to drive at a reduced speed and pay attention to safety when the ratio exceeds 0.8;
C. and (5) displaying F, k ratios of the ratios to [ F ] and [ k ] in real time by the background terminal, and generating a task report when the ratio is greater than 0.8.
4. The method for detecting the irregularity of the temporary transportation track in the construction of the ultra-long TBM tunnel according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3),
the irregularity evaluation of each joint comprises the steps of collecting an inclination value of each joint and an amplitude-velocity ratio of each joint, and reminding deceleration through a vehicle-mounted terminal on the premise that f/v is greater than 0.8[ f/v ] and delta f is greater than 0.8[ delta f ];
the irregularity evaluation of each section comprises the steps of collecting the longitudinal gradient F of each section, and generating a report form reminding for maintenance through background reminding on the premise that F is greater than 0.8[ F ];
the irregularity evaluation per kilometer comprises the steps of collecting irregularity value k per kilometer, and generating a report form reminding for maintenance through background reminding on the premise that k is greater than 0.8[ k ].
5. The method for detecting the irregularity of the temporary transportation track in the construction of the ultra-long TBM tunnel according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), when the irregularity evaluation of each track segment and each kilometer of the track segment is prompted, a task report is generated, and the display content of the report includes the irregularity result of the contact points to be overhauled and the coordinate information of the specific position.
6. The method for detecting the irregularity of the temporary transportation track in the ultra-long TBM under construction according to claim 5, wherein a real-time alarm lamp is further provided in the display and analysis module to prompt a vehicle to stop in time when f is much larger than 0.8.
7. The method for detecting the irregularity of the temporary transport rail in the overlength TBM tunnel under construction according to claim 5, further comprising a preliminary step, wherein the preliminary step comprises measuring a roller wear dimension x as a correction value and inputting the correction value into the data acquisition device, and then correcting the measurement value in the step (3) comprises inputting an amplitude f = acquisition amplitude f + x, wherein x is a wheel radius reduction dimension.
8. The method for detecting the irregularity of the temporary transportation track in the ultra-long TBM under construction according to claim 7, wherein the transportation vehicle comprises a multi-section transportation platform, at least the wheels of the head and tail platforms are respectively provided with a data acquisition device, the detection is mainly based on the data acquisition device under the head platform, but in the step (3), a post-check step is further included when the per-joint irregularity evaluation is performed at f/v >0.8[ f/v ], [ Delta ] f >0.8[ [ Delta ] f ], the post-verification step comprises the steps of extracting information of a coordinate section corresponding to the approach of the data acquisition device installed at the tail of the vehicle, extracting f/v and delta f of the contact irregularity evaluation, if f/v is greater than 0.8[ f/v ] and delta f is greater than 0.8[ delta f ], the speed is continuously reduced, otherwise, the speed is kept stable and output until the end of the transportation period.
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