CN114272921B - Nanometer rod-shaped Bi 2 WO 6 Preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Nanometer rod-shaped Bi 2 WO 6 Preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a nano rod-shaped Bi 2 WO 6 A preparation method and application thereof. The method mainly comprises the steps of mixing bismuth nitrate, sodium oleate, sodium tungstate and urea according to a formula amount, then dripping nitric acid aqueous solution into the mixture to obtain reaction solution, and reacting the reaction solution at 150-170 ℃ for at least more than 32 hours to prepare nano rod-like Bi without stirring 2 WO 6 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The molar ratio of bismuth nitrate, sodium oleate, sodium tungstate, urea and nitric acid is 2:5:1:12.5 (20-30). The invention utilizes simple one-step heating reaction, does not need to stir and mix a reaction system before the reaction, but prepares the small-sized nano rod-shaped Bi by means of slow dissolution-precipitation balance of a solid-liquid interface in the reaction process 2 WO 6 The material solves the technical problem that the material is difficult to prepare. The nano rod-shaped Bi prepared by the invention 2 WO 6 The material shows excellent catalytic performance in photodegradation rhodamine B reaction.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to Bi 2 WO 6 The preparation technology of photocatalysis material, in particular to a nano rod-shaped Bi 2 WO 6 A preparation method and application thereof, belonging to the technical field of inorganic photocatalytic materials.
Background
Bi 2 WO 6 Is an inorganic oxide semiconductor material whose microstructure is composed of a material having a perovskite structure (WO 4 ) 2- Layer and layer having fluorite structure (Bi 2 O 2 ) 2+ The layers are alternately stacked. Among various oxide semiconductor materials, bi 2 WO 6 The band gap of the material is relatively small (generally 2.8-3.0 eV), the material can absorb visible light with the wavelength of 450nm, and the light absorption range is wider. Furthermore, bi 2 WO 6 The chemical stability and the thermal stability of the product are high, the toxicity is low, and the preparation cost is low. Therefore, bi 2 WO 6 The application as the photocatalytic material is relatively wide.
Currently, bi 2 WO 6 The nano photocatalytic material is synthesized mainly through liquid phase reaction, and the general idea is as follows: preparing a solution containing bismuth salt and tungstate, and mixing and stirring the bismuth salt and the tungstate to form the Bi-containing solution 2 WO 6 The precipitated suspension is subjected to a high temperature reaction, and Bi is used for the reaction 2 WO 6 To obtain the final product. Under the guidance of this idea, bi can be reacted by adding a surfactant, adjusting the pH of the reaction solution, or the like 2 WO 6 The morphology of the nano photocatalytic material is regulated and controlled, but the limitation of the thought is difficult to break through, and one-dimensional Bi with novel morphology is difficult to obtain 2 WO 6 A nano photocatalytic material. If the literature uses the above-mentioned concept, the pH of the reaction solution is adjusted to 1-3 and a large amount of K is added 2 SO 4 As a morphology regulating reagent, flower-like Bi composed of two-dimensional nano sheets is obtained 2 WO 6 Photocatalytic material (CN 201310047288.3). Although there are also references to the preparation of Bi by sonochemical synthesis 2 WO 6 The nanorod material has very uneven size distribution, large majority of diameters, and limited effects of shortening the photogenerated carrier migration path and improving the photocatalytic efficiency (J.Mater. Sci.,2014,49,2085-2097).
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects and shortcomings in the prior art, the invention provides a nano rod-shaped Bi 2 WO 6 The preparation method.
The preparation method provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
mixing bismuth nitrate, sodium oleate, sodium tungstate and urea in a formula amount, then dripping nitric acid aqueous solution into the mixture to obtain a reaction solution, and reacting the reaction solution at 150-170 ℃ for at least more than 32 hours without stirring to prepare the nano rod-shaped Bi 2 WO 6 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The molar ratio of bismuth nitrate, sodium oleate, sodium tungstate, urea and nitric acid is 2:5:1:12.5 (20-30).
In a further scheme, the invention also comprises the steps of naturally cooling the reaction liquid to room temperature after the reaction is finished, centrifuging, washing and drying the precipitateObtaining nano rod-shaped Bi 2 WO 6 。
In some embodiments, the ratio of bismuth nitrate to the reaction solution is 1mmol bismuth nitrate: 60-90mL of reaction solution.
In some embodiments, the reaction time is 40-50 hours.
In a further aspect, the nanorod Bi 2 WO 6 The microcosmic appearance of the material is a mutually staggered nano rod-shaped structure.
In a further scheme, the diameter of the nano rod is 3-13nm, and the length of the nano rod is 40-250nm.
The beneficial technical effects of the invention are as follows:
1. the method does not need to stir and mix a reaction system before the reaction, and can obtain the one-dimensional Bi by utilizing a simple one-step heating reaction 2 WO 6 The nanorod photocatalytic material has simple reaction process, can be prepared by using simple equipment, and has the prospect of popularization to large-scale production;
2. due to Bi 2 WO 6 Two-dimensional lamellar structure characteristics of the Bi, the prior Bi 2 WO 6 The nanometer photocatalysis material is mostly in two-dimensional morphology (such as nanometer sheets and nanometer discs) or three-dimensional morphology (such as nanometer flowers and nanospheres with multilevel structures) formed by two-dimensional stacking, and Bi in one-dimensional morphology (such as nanometer rods and nanometer wires) 2 WO 6 Nano photocatalytic materials have been hardly reported. The invention prepares the one-dimensional Bi with novel appearance by means of slow dissolution-precipitation balance between the solid-liquid interface of the solid raw material and the solvent in the reaction process 2 WO 6 Nano-rod photocatalytic material solves the problem of one-dimensional Bi 2 WO 6 The technical problem that the photocatalytic material is difficult to prepare;
3. bi prepared by the invention 2 WO 6 The diameter of the nanorod photocatalytic material is smaller than 10nm, so that the migration distance of a photogenerated carrier can be effectively shortened, and the photocatalytic efficiency is improved;
4. bi prepared by the invention 2 WO 6 The nanorod photocatalytic material shows better performance than commercial Bi in photodegradation rhodamine B reaction 2 WO 6 Material and Bi 2 WO 6 The catalytic performance of the nano-sheet photocatalytic material is an efficient photodegradation rhodamine B reaction catalyst.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is Bi prepared in example 1 2 WO 6 TEM image of nanorod photocatalytic material.
FIG. 2 shows Bi prepared in example 1 2 WO 6 TEM image of magnification of nanorod photocatalytic material.
FIG. 3 shows Bi prepared in example 1 2 WO 6 XRD spectrum of nanorod photocatalytic material, o-Bi in the figure 2 WO 6 The corresponding spectral line is an orthogonal phase Bi 2 WO 6 Is a standard XRD pattern for (B).
FIG. 4 is Bi prepared in comparative example 1 2 WO 6 TEM image of nano photocatalytic material.
FIG. 5 shows Bi prepared in example 1 2 WO 6 And (3) a photodegradation rhodamine B reaction test result of the nanorod photocatalytic material.
FIG. 6 is Bi prepared in comparative example 2 2 WO 6 TEM image of nano photocatalytic material.
FIG. 7 is Bi prepared in comparative example 3 2 WO 6 TEM image of nano photocatalytic material.
FIG. 8 is Bi prepared in comparative examples 2 and 3 2 WO 6 XRD spectrum of nano photocatalytic material, o-Bi in the figure 2 WO 6 The corresponding spectral line is an orthogonal phase Bi 2 WO 6 Is a standard XRD pattern for (B).
FIG. 9 is Bi prepared in comparative example 4 2 WO 6 TEM image of nano photocatalytic material.
FIG. 10 is Bi prepared in comparative example 5 2 WO 6 TEM image of nano photocatalytic material.
FIG. 11 is Bi prepared in comparative example 6 2 WO 6 TEM image of nano photocatalytic material.
FIG. 12 is Bi prepared in comparative example 7 2 WO 6 TEM image of nano photocatalytic material.
FIG. 13 is Bi prepared in comparative examples 5 to 7 2 WO 6 XRD spectrum of nano photocatalytic material, o-Bi in the figure 2 WO 6 The corresponding spectral line is an orthogonal phase Bi 2 WO 6 Is a standard XRD pattern for (B).
FIG. 14 is Bi prepared in comparative example 8 2 WO 6 TEM image of nano photocatalytic material.
The technical scheme of the invention is further described below by referring to examples.
Detailed Description
Unless specifically stated otherwise, the terms or methods herein are understood from the knowledge of one of ordinary skill in the relevant art or are implemented using known related methods.
The photodegradation rhodamine B reaction can be realized by adopting the prior method, such as the document' rare earth Ce 3+ Doping Bi 2 WO 6 Research on photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B, wang Chunying et al, methods disclosed in "science of chinese environment, 2015".
The following specific embodiments of the present invention are given according to the above technical solutions, and it should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the following specific embodiments, and all equivalent changes made on the basis of the technical solutions of the present application fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The 300W xenon lamp light source used in the following examples was of the type Microsolar 300, available from beijing pofiy technologies limited (china); the UV-visible absorption spectrum test used a UV-3600Plus UV-visible-near infrared spectrophotometer available from Shimadzu corporation (Japan); commercial Bi 2 WO 6 The photocatalytic material has CAS number 13595-87-4, product number B914972-1g, and specification 1g, and is purchased from Shanghai Michlin Biochemical technology Co., ltd (China).
Example 1:
this example shows a Bi 2 WO 6 The preparation method of the nanorod photocatalytic material specifically comprises the following steps:
0.2mmol Bi (NO) 3 ) 3 ·5H 2 O, 0.5mmol sodium oleate, 0.1mmol Na 2 WO 4 ·2H 2 O and 1.25mmol of urea are added into a reaction vessel and slowly dripped2.5mL of the solution having a concentration of 1 mol.L -1 Finally, diluting with 12.5mL of deionized water to obtain a reaction solution; the reaction solution is transferred to an oven which is stabilized at 160 ℃ in advance to react for 48 hours without stirring;
after the reaction, the reaction vessel was taken out, naturally cooled to room temperature, the obtained precipitate was centrifuged and washed with absolute ethanol and deionized water several times, and the product was collected by centrifugation each time (centrifugation speed: 9000 r.min) -1 Centrifuging for 10 min), and drying at 70deg.C to obtain Bi 2 WO 6 Nanorod photocatalytic material.
FIG. 1 is Bi prepared in example 1 2 WO 6 TEM image of nanorod photocatalytic Material, bi obtained in example 1 can be seen 2 WO 6 The nanorod photocatalytic material is in a shape of mutually staggered nanorods, and the length of the nanorods is about 40-240nm.
FIG. 2 shows Bi prepared in example 1 2 WO 6 TEM image of the nanorod photocatalytic material at magnification, see Bi obtained in example 1 2 WO 6 The nanorods have a diameter between about 4-12 nm.
FIG. 3 shows Bi prepared in example 1 2 WO 6 XRD spectrum of nanorod photocatalytic material, o-Bi in the figure 2 WO 6 The corresponding spectral line is an orthogonal phase Bi 2 WO 6 Is a standard XRD pattern for (B). See Bi prepared in example 1 2 WO 6 The nanorod photocatalytic material is orthorhombic Bi 2 WO 6 No obvious diffraction peak of other impurities appears, the crystallinity is good and the phase purity is high.
Comparative example 1:
this comparative example differs from example 1 in that the reaction vessel was stirred for 30min before being transferred to the reaction temperature conditions (i.e. in the oven).
The morphology of the obtained material is shown in FIG. 4, and it can be seen that Bi is obtained in comparative example 1 2 WO 6 The material is in the shape of nano-sheet stacking. This means that the reaction system was stirred before the heating reaction to form Bi-containing materials in which the solid materials were uniformly dissolved or dispersed 2 WO 6 The precipitated suspension cannot be reacted to give oneBi of dimensional morphology 2 WO 6 A nano photocatalytic material.
Example 2:
this example shows Bi obtained in example 1 2 WO 6 The application of the nanorod photocatalytic material as a photodegradation rhodamine B reaction catalyst comprises the following specific steps:
step one, 30mg Bi 2 WO 6 The photocatalytic material is dispersed in 80mL of concentration of 10 mg.L by ultrasonic -1 Obtaining a reaction solution in rhodamine B aqueous solution, controlling the temperature of the reaction solution to be 20 ℃ by using condensed water, and stirring the reaction solution in a dark place for 30 minutes to ensure that the reaction solution reaches adsorption balance;
step two, sucking 1.5mL of reaction liquid as a first sampling point, then continuing to react in a dark place for 20min, and taking a second sample to measure the degradation reaction degree under the condition of no illumination;
step three, turning on a 300W xenon lamp at 200 W.cm -2 The reaction solution is irradiated with the light intensity to initiate photodegradation reaction, a sample is taken every 20min (1.5 mL is sampled each time), the sample is centrifuged immediately after each sampling, the supernatant is taken, the light absorption intensity of the supernatant at 550nm is obtained through ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrum test, and the concentration of rhodamine B in the reaction solution is calculated by using the light absorption intensity-concentration curve of rhodamine B standard solution.
In this example, commercial Bi was used as a control group 1 without using a photocatalytic material 2 WO 6 As a control group 2, bi in comparative example 1 was used as a photocatalytic material 2 WO 6 The nanoplatelets photocatalytic material served as control 3.
FIG. 5 shows Bi prepared in example 1 2 WO 6 The photodegradation rhodamine B reaction test result of the nanorod photocatalytic material; bi prepared in example 1 in the photodegradation rhodamine B reaction 2 WO 6 The concentration of rhodamine B is reduced to 17.9% of the initial concentration after 20min dark reaction and 100min light reaction. As a control, without the photocatalytic material, the concentration of rhodamine B was reduced to 94.4% of the initial concentration after 20min dark reaction and 100min light reaction; commercial Bi 2 WO 6 The concentration of the rhodamine B is reduced to 54.4 percent of the initial concentration after 20 minutes of dark reaction and 100 minutes of light reaction of the photocatalytic material; bi in comparative example 1 2 WO 6 The nano-sheet photocatalytic material reduces the concentration of rhodamine B to 39.1% of the initial concentration after 20min dark reaction and 100min light reaction. It can be seen that Bi prepared by the present invention 2 WO 6 The photodegradation rhodamine B catalytic performance of the nanorod photocatalytic material is far better than that of commercial Bi 2 WO 6 Photocatalytic material and Bi 2 WO 6 The nano-sheet photocatalytic material can be used as an efficient photodegradation rhodamine B reaction catalyst.
Comparative example 2:
this comparative example differs from example 1 in that the reaction temperature is 140 ℃. The morphology of the obtained material is shown in FIG. 6, and it can be seen that Bi is obtained in comparative example 2 2 WO 6 The material is in the shape of a nano sheet. This means that Bi having one-dimensional morphology cannot be obtained when the reaction temperature is too low 2 WO 6 A nano photocatalytic material.
Comparative example 3:
this comparative example differs from example 1 in that the reaction temperature is 180 ℃. The morphology of the obtained material is shown in FIG. 7, and it can be seen that Bi is obtained in the comparative example 2 WO 6 The material is in the shape of the coexistence of the nano-sheets and the nano-rods, which indicates that the reaction temperature is too high, and the purer one-dimensional shape Bi can not be obtained 2 WO 6 A nano photocatalytic material.
FIG. 8 is Bi prepared in comparative examples 2 and 3 2 WO 6 XRD spectrum of nano photocatalytic material; o-Bi in the figure 2 WO 6 The corresponding spectral line is an orthogonal phase Bi 2 WO 6 Is a standard XRD pattern for (B). It can be seen that Bi prepared in comparative example 2 2 WO 6 The nano photocatalytic material not only has the Bi corresponding to the orthogonal phase 2 WO 6 The diffraction peak of other impurities is obvious, and the phase purity is not high; bi prepared in comparative example 3 2 WO 6 The nano photocatalytic material is orthorhombic Bi 2 WO 6 No obvious diffraction peak of other impurities appears, the crystallinity is good and the phase purity is high.
Comparative example 4:
this comparative example differs from example 1 in that sodium oleate is not added. The morphology of the obtained material is shown in FIG. 9, and it can be seen that Bi is obtained in comparative example 4 2 WO 6 The material is in the shape of a nano sheet. This demonstrates that sodium oleate is relative to Bi 2 WO 6 The shape control of the nano photocatalytic material is indispensable, and Bi with one-dimensional shape can not be obtained without adding sodium oleate 2 WO 6 A nano photocatalytic material.
Comparative example 5:
this comparative example differs from example 1 in that the reaction time is 8h. The morphology of the obtained material is shown in FIG. 10, and it can be seen that Bi is obtained in comparative example 5 2 WO 6 The material has the appearance of coexistence of nano sheets and nano particles. This means that Bi with one-dimensional morphology cannot be obtained when the reaction time is too short 2 WO 6 A nano photocatalytic material.
Comparative example 6:
this comparative example differs from example 1 in that the reaction time is 16h. The morphology of the obtained material is shown in FIG. 11, and it can be seen that Bi is obtained in comparative example 6 2 WO 6 The material is in the shape of a nano sheet. This means that Bi with one-dimensional morphology cannot be obtained when the reaction time is too short 2 WO 6 A nano photocatalytic material.
Comparative example 7:
this comparative example differs from example 1 in that the reaction time is 32h. The morphology of the obtained material is shown in FIG. 12, and it can be seen that Bi obtained in comparative example 7 2 WO 6 The material has the appearance of coexistence of nano sheets, nano rods and nano particles. This means that the reaction time is too short to obtain a purer one-dimensional morphology Bi 2 WO 6 A nano photocatalytic material.
FIG. 13 is Bi prepared in comparative examples 5 to 7 2 WO 6 XRD spectrum of nano photocatalytic material; o-Bi in the figure 2 WO 6 The corresponding spectral line is an orthogonal phase Bi 2 WO 6 Is a standard XRD pattern for (B). See Bi prepared in comparative examples 5-7 2 WO 6 The nanometer photocatalysis materials are all orthorhombic Bi 2 WO 6 No obvious diffraction peak of other impurities appears, the crystallinity is good and the phase purity is high.
Example 3:
this example differs from example 1 in that 2mL of the solution was added dropwise at a concentration of 1 mol.L -1 The reaction solution was diluted with 13mL of deionized water to obtain the same microstructure as the material prepared in example 1.
Example 4:
this example differs from example 1 in that 3mL of the solution having a concentration of 1 mol.L was added dropwise -1 The reaction solution was diluted with 12mL of deionized water to obtain the same microstructure as the material prepared in example 1.
Comparative example 8:
this comparative example is different from example 1 in that 5mL of the solution having a concentration of 1 mol.L was added dropwise -1 The aqueous nitric acid solution of (2) was diluted with 10mL of deionized water to obtain a reaction solution. The morphology of the obtained material is shown in FIG. 14, and it can be seen that Bi is obtained in comparative example 8 2 WO 6 The material has the appearance of coexistence of the nano-sheets and the nano-rods. This indicates that the addition amount of nitric acid to Bi in the reaction solution 2 WO 6 The shape control of the nano photocatalytic material is very important, and when the adding amount of nitric acid is excessive, purer one-dimensional shape Bi can not be obtained 2 WO 6 A nano photocatalytic material.
Claims (6)
1. Nanometer rod-shaped Bi 2 WO 6 The preparation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
mixing bismuth nitrate, sodium oleate, sodium tungstate and urea in a formula amount, then dripping nitric acid aqueous solution into the mixture to obtain a reaction solution, reacting the reaction solution for at least 40 hours at 150-170 ℃ without stirring to prepare nano rod-shaped Bi 2 WO 6 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The molar ratio of bismuth nitrate, sodium oleate, sodium tungstate, urea and nitric acid is 2:5:1:12.5 (20-30).
2. The nanorod-shaped Bi according to claim 1 2 WO 6 The preparation method is characterized by further comprising the steps of naturally cooling the reaction liquid to room temperature after the reaction is finished, centrifuging, washing and drying the precipitate to obtain the nano rod-shaped Bi 2 WO 6 。
3. The nanorod-shaped Bi according to claim 1 2 WO 6 The preparation method is characterized in that the proportion of bismuth nitrate to the reaction solution is 1mmol bismuth nitrate: 60-90mL reaction liquid.
4. The nanorod-shaped Bi according to claim 1 2 WO 6 The preparation method is characterized in that the reaction time is 40-50 and h.
5. The nanorod-shaped Bi according to claim 1 2 WO 6 The preparation method is characterized in that the nano rod-shaped Bi 2 WO 6 The microstructure of the nano rod-shaped structure is a mutually staggered nano rod-shaped structure.
6. The nanorod-shaped Bi according to claim 1 or 5 2 WO 6 The preparation method is characterized in that the diameter of the nano rod is 3-13nm, and the length is 40-250nm.
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN1951557A (en) * | 2006-11-03 | 2007-04-25 | 中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所 | Hydrothermal method for preparing superstructure visible light responsive Bi2WO6 photcatalyst |
| CN101612565A (en) * | 2009-07-21 | 2009-12-30 | 中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所 | A kind of Bi 2WO 6Nano-fiber cloth, preparation method and application |
| CN104014326A (en) * | 2014-06-25 | 2014-09-03 | 上海交通大学 | Efficient photocatalyst for bismuth vanadate nanorod and preparation method of catalyst |
| CN105170137A (en) * | 2015-06-03 | 2015-12-23 | 河南师范大学 | Preparation method of a Bi2WO6 photocatalyst with cubic structure |
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| CN107754834B (en) * | 2017-10-26 | 2023-02-28 | 苏州大学 | Iodine-doped bismuthyl carbonate nanosheet and molybdenum disulfide-modified carbon nanofiber composite material and preparation method and application thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1951557A (en) * | 2006-11-03 | 2007-04-25 | 中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所 | Hydrothermal method for preparing superstructure visible light responsive Bi2WO6 photcatalyst |
| CN101612565A (en) * | 2009-07-21 | 2009-12-30 | 中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所 | A kind of Bi 2WO 6Nano-fiber cloth, preparation method and application |
| CN104014326A (en) * | 2014-06-25 | 2014-09-03 | 上海交通大学 | Efficient photocatalyst for bismuth vanadate nanorod and preparation method of catalyst |
| CN105170137A (en) * | 2015-06-03 | 2015-12-23 | 河南师范大学 | Preparation method of a Bi2WO6 photocatalyst with cubic structure |
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