CN114271227A - Method for polyculture of fish and shrimp in saline-alkali pond - Google Patents
Method for polyculture of fish and shrimp in saline-alkali pond Download PDFInfo
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- CN114271227A CN114271227A CN202111533356.8A CN202111533356A CN114271227A CN 114271227 A CN114271227 A CN 114271227A CN 202111533356 A CN202111533356 A CN 202111533356A CN 114271227 A CN114271227 A CN 114271227A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for polyculture of fish and shrimp in a saline-alkali pond, belonging to the field of aquaculture and comprising the following steps: cleaning and disinfecting a pool: and (4) removing sludge at the bottom of the culture pond, and ploughing and exposing the sludge. Before seedling placing, water is injected into the pool for 10 cm-20 cm, and bleaching powder is 150kg/hm2～600kg/hm2Sprinkling the water in the whole pool, and injecting the water for cultivation after 5-7 days of drug property disappears; water injection: the culture water injected after the clean pond is disinfected is a water body filtered by 60-mesh bolting silk. The method for polyculture of fish and shrimp in the saline-alkali pond is divided into a main shrimp and shrimp farming mode and a main fish and shrimp farming mode according to different main aquatic organisms. In the main shrimp-farming and fish-farming mode, the fishes in mixed farming are used for feeding weak shrimps, sick shrimps and dead shrimps, so that the disease spread is reduced, the shrimp farming survival rate is improved, and the farming cost is reduced; the mode of mainly culturing fish and culturing shrimps in a sleeving way, the shrimps do not need to be fed with feed independently and ingest pond waterNatural baits such as plankton in the environment reduce the cost of the culture feedstuff and improve the environment of culture water.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of aquaculture, in particular to a method for polyculture of fish and shrimp in a saline-alkali pond.
Background
The penaeus vannamei industry is the dominant industry for increasing fishery efficiency and fisherman income, various new problems are accompanied with the development of the penaeus vannamei farming industry, and the penaeus vannamei industry is always the key research field of the aquaculture industry in nearly 10 years.
With the intensive research on the culture technology of the penaeus vannamei boone, the principle of mixed culture of fishes and shrimps in the aspects of biological prevention and control of shrimp diseases and water quality regulation is gradually explored, and the proper type, density and specification of fish intercropping in the main shrimp intercropping mode are gradually explored; and detecting the feeding density and method of the shrimps in the main fish and shrimp farming mode.
In the process of culturing in a saline-alkali pond, the environment of a culture water body is difficult to improve, and the condition of blackening the bottom of the pond is easy to appear. A single breeding mode has the disadvantages of more medicine input, unstable water quality, deep silt and more organic matters in aged pits, and the cultured animals are anoxic and dead due to the fact that dissolved oxygen in a water body is consumed by mass propagation of the aquatic zooplankton in a short time. In the past, the treatment of aquatic animal diseases mainly comprises splashing of chemical drugs, which not only has undesirable effect but also has great side effect and becomes a potential safety hazard of food.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method for polyculture of fish and shrimp in a saline-alkali pond, which solves the problems that the environment of the existing aquaculture water body is difficult to improve, the bottom of the pond is easy to blacken, meanwhile, a series of problems that the existing single variety high-density disease is easy to occur and spread, the medicine control effect is poor, the quality safety of aquatic products and the environment are caused, and meanwhile, a plurality of aged ponds often cause harm due to mass propagation of zooplankton in water in a short time.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a method for polyculture of fish and shrimp in a saline-alkali pond comprises the following steps:
step one, cleaning a pool and disinfecting: and (4) removing sludge at the bottom of the culture pond, and ploughing and exposing the sludge. Before seedling placing, water is injected into the pool for 10 cm-20 cm, and bleaching powder is 150kg/hm2～600kg/hm2The water is poured into the whole pool after 5-7 days of drug property disappears.
Step two, water injection: the culture water injected after the clean pond is disinfected is a water body filtered by 60-mesh bolting silk.
Step three, seed putting: putting shrimp larvae at the early 5 months and at a water temperature of more than 20 deg.C, wherein the putting density is 300000ind/hm2～450000ind/hm2About, when the shrimp seedlings generally grow to 3-5 cm, putting the fish seedlings, wherein the putting specification of the fish seedlings is 50g/ind, and the density is 3000ind/hm2～4500ind/hm2。
Step four, disease prevention and treatment: the garlicin is added into the feed every 20 days for three days from 7 months, and vitamins are properly added to enhance the immunity of fishes and shrimps.
Step five, cultivation management: along with the rising of the water temperature, the water level is gradually deepened, the water adding amount at one time is not more than 5 percent of the total water body for cultivation, the water reaches the highest water level in 6 months, and the water can be changed in a proper amount at the later stage.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the water depth of the pond water is kept between 10cm and 20cm in the pond cleaning and disinfection process, and the specification of 5.1 and 5.3 in the technical specification of the conventional fry and fingerling cultivation of the SC/T1008-2012 culture pond is met.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, after the offspring seeds are put in, the water color change and the eating condition are observed every day, the dissolved oxygen is measured in the morning and evening, and the growth vigor of the fishes and the shrimps is measured every 15 days and recorded.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the water change amount in the culture management process is kept within a range of less than 5% of the total water amount.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, after the offspring seeds are put in, 375kg/hm of calcium chloride is splashed every month from 7 months2Supplementing calcium to water and promoting the growth of shrimps.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the prawn seedlings are subjected to pathogen detection before the seedlings are put in, the specification of the culture pond is in the north-south direction, the average water depth is 1.5m, and 3-5 impeller type oxygen increasing machines are arranged in each hectare of the culture pond.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the shrimp larvae are temporarily raised by a small-sized greenhouse before being released, and the shrimp larvae are released after reaching 2.5 cm-3.0 cm and the outdoor water temperature is stabilized at more than 20 ℃.
Compared with the prior art, the invention can achieve the following beneficial effects:
according to the method for polyculture of fishes and shrimps in the saline-alkali pond, the shrimps do not need to be fed with feed independently in a polyculture mode, and eat natural baits such as plankton and the like in the water environment of the pond, so that the cost of the feed for aquaculture is reduced. The method effectively improves the culture water environment, shrimps eat plankton and organic matters, prevents the bottom of the pond from blackening, improves the growth environment of fishes, and plays a great role in preventing and treating fish diseases.
According to the method for polyculture of fishes and shrimps in the saline-alkali water pond, the fishes and shrimps which are polycultured are used for ingesting weak shrimps, sick shrimps and dead shrimps in a fish and shrimp polyculture mode, the disease spread is reduced, the shrimp culture survival rate is improved, the culture cost is reduced, the use of medicines is reduced, and the method has great benefits on improving the water quality stability and improving the product quality of the fishes and shrimps.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to specific embodiments for the purpose of facilitating an understanding of technical means, characteristics of creation, objectives and functions realized by the present invention, but the following embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to be exhaustive. Based on the embodiments in the implementation, other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without any creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention. The experimental methods in the following examples, unless otherwise specified, are conventional methods, materials used in the following examples; reagents and the like are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
Example 1: (Fish and shrimp polyculture)
A method for polyculture of fish and shrimp in a saline-alkali pond comprises the following steps:
step one, cleaning a pool and disinfecting: and (4) removing sludge at the bottom of the culture pond, and ploughing and exposing the sludge. Before seedling placing, water is injected into the pool for 10 cm-20 cm, and bleaching powder is 150kg/hm2～600kg/hm2Sprinkling the water in the whole pool, and injecting the water for cultivation after 5-7 days of drug property disappears;
step two, water injection: the culture water injected after the pond is cleaned and disinfected is a water body filtered by 60-mesh bolting silk;
step three, seed putting: putting shrimp larvae at the early 5 months and at a water temperature of more than 20 deg.C, wherein the putting density is 300000ind/hm2～450000ind/hm2About, when the shrimp seedlings generally grow to 3-5 cm, putting the fish seedlings, wherein the putting specification of the fish seedlings is 50g/ind, and the density is 3000ind/hm2～4500ind/hm2；
Step four, disease prevention and treatment: from 7 months, adding allicin into the feed every 20 days for three days, and properly adding vitamins to enhance the immunity of fishes and shrimps;
step five, cultivation management: along with the rising of the water temperature, the water level is gradually deepened, the water adding amount at one time is not more than 5 percent of the total water body for cultivation, the water reaches the highest water level in 6 months, and the water can be changed in a proper amount at the later stage.
The water depth of the pond water is kept to be 10 cm-20 cm in the pond cleaning and disinfection process, and the specifications of 5.1 and 5.3 in the technical specification of conventional fry and fingerling cultivation of SC/T1008-2012 culture ponds are met.
Observing the water color change and the eating condition every day after the offspring seeds are put in, measuring the dissolved oxygen in the morning and evening, measuring the growth vigor of the fishes and the shrimps every 15 days, and recording.
The water change amount is kept within the range of less than 5 percent of the total water amount in the culture management process.
After the offspring seeds are put in, 375kg/hm of calcium chloride is splashed every month from 7 months2Supplementing calcium to water and promoting the growth of shrimps.
And (3) pathogen detection is carried out on the prawn seedlings before the seedlings are put in, the specification of a culture pond is in the north-south direction, the average water depth is 1.5m, and 3-5 impeller type oxygen increasing machines are arranged in each hectare of the culture pond.
And temporarily culturing the young shrimps by using a small-sized greenhouse before putting the young shrimps, and putting the young shrimps when the temperature of outdoor water is stabilized to be more than 20 ℃ after the young shrimps reach 2.5-3.0 cm.
Example 2: (Main culture of fish and shrimp)
The difference compared to example 1 is that: and breeding the same batch of cultured fish seeds in the same pond during the feeding of the fish seeds, wherein the fish seeds comprise non-filter-feeding fishes, and feeding shrimp fries when all predatory fishes are fed on a domesticated feed table and the water temperature is stabilized to be above 20 ℃.
The shrimp seed has a standard of 1cm/ind or more and a density of 150000ind/hm2～300000ind/hm2. Randomly taking 100 shrimp fries before putting in, trying to breed in the pond by using a net cage, observing for 24 hours, wherein the survival rate reaches 100 percent, and the shrimp fries can be formally bred.
When young shrimps are put in, the fishes are put in the feed table for stocking in the afternoon of a fine day when the fishes feed on the feed table, and the feeding time is prolonged on the day of stocking so that the fishes are fed with food.
According to the culture and production management of adult fishes, the feed is used for feeding the fishes, and the shrimp larvae are not fed independently.
Example 3: (Main shrimp and fish)
The difference compared to example 1 is that:
the area of the culture pond is 0.33hm2～1.33hm2The sludge sewage treatment system is provided with independent water inlet and drainage facilities, the water quantity is sufficient, the water inlet and drainage are convenient, the water storage depth is 1.5-2.5 m, and the sludge thickness is less than 10.0 cm.
At the beginning of 5 months, feeding shrimp seeds with the size of 1cm/ind specification at a water temperature of more than 20 ℃ stably, wherein the feeding density is 450000ind/hm2～750000ind/hm2。
Intercropping carnivorous fishes:
when the shrimp fries grow to 3-5 cm, one of the following fishes can be intercropped.
a grouper, specification 400g/ind, density 300ind/hm2。
b the goby class, the specification is below 100g/ind, the density is 450ind/hm2。
c ovate pompano with specification of 200-300 g/ind and density of 750ind/hm2。
d American red fish, specification 20 g/ind-30 g/ind, density 450ind/hm2～750ind/hm2。
E yellow catfish, specification 7g/ind, density 1500ind/hm2。
Intercropping omnivorous fishes:
after the shrimp larvae grow to 3cm, the fishes can be intercropped
a the year of the fish, specification 50g/ind,density 600ind/hm2。
b, carp with specification of 50-100 g/ind and density of 150ind/hm2. Specification 1000g/ind, density 75ind/hm2Silver carp specification of 125g/ind and density of 1500ind/hm2。
c mullet, 50g/ind specification, 750ind/hm density2。
d short Cyprinus carpiod with specification of 250g/ind and density of 2250ind/hm2Silver carp specification of 125g/ind and density of 1500ind/hm2。
Intercropping filter-feeding fishes:
feeding young shrimps for 1 month, feeding silver carp seeds with the specification of 250g/ind and the density of 450ind/hm after eating pellet feed2Bighead carp breed with 500g/ind specification and 75ind/hm density2。
Intercropping herbivorous fishes:
after the shrimp larvae are thrown for 20-30 days, grass carp is thrown with the specification of 100g/ind and the density of 750ind/hm2(ii) a The specification is about 1000g/ind, and the density is 150ind/hm2. The silver carp has a specification of about 125g/ind and a density of 150ind/hm2。
Feeding and managing:
according to the shrimp culture production management, the feed feeding quantity and times are shown in the table 1, and the feed is properly increased or decreased according to the weather, the water quality and the shrimp health condition, and fishes outside the weeding fish are not separately fed.
And starting in 8 months, setting up a grass platform to feed grass carps. Firstly feeding forage and then feeding shrimp forage.
TABLE 1 shrimp larvae feeding table
| Average body length (cm) | Daily bait casting rate (%) | Number of times of daily feeding |
| 1～3 | 10.0～7.0 | 2 |
| 3～7 | 7.0～4.5 | 3 |
| 7～10 | 4.5～3.0 | 4 |
| More than 10 | 3.0～2.0 | 4 |
Example 4: (Mixed culture of fish, shrimp and crab)
The difference compared to example 1 is that:
the young crab seedlings are subjected to NY/T5065-2001 nuisanceless aquatic products, namely, the Eriocheir sinensis cultivation technical specifications are 6.3.1 and 6.3.3.
Seed putting sequence and density:
3, putting crucian at the bottom of the month, with the specification of 50g/ind and the density of 3000ind/hm2。
River crab is thrown in the early 4 months with density of 9000ind/hm2。
The silver carp has the specification of 100g/ind and the density of 225ind/hm2。
Bighead with specification of 100g/ind, 75ind/hm2。
The shrimp seedlings are thrown in 5 th of the middle of the month with the specification of more than 0.8cm/ind and the density of 150000ind/hm2。
Feeding and management
Only feeding river crab feed, wherein the type, the quantity and the method of the feed are implemented according to 6.4 of NY/T5065-2001 nuisanceless aquatic product Eriocheir sinensis cultivation technical specifications.
In the four embodiments, the shrimp seeds are all harvested in the pond before the water temperature is reduced to 18 ℃, after the shrimps are harvested, the fishes need to be cultured continuously, the shrimp catching can be carried out sequentially by adopting a method of fixing and stretching a net under the pond edge, or the shrimp catching can be carried out once by adopting a variable-frequency pulse electronic shrimp catcher, the above embodiments are more specific implementation of the saline-alkali water culture method, the culture is changed to a certain degree aiming at different culture sides, the changes are within the reasonable adjustment of the invention, the shrimp seeds adopted in the above embodiments are all single penaeus vannamei species used as culture contrast, and the advantages provided in the beneficial effects of the invention can be achieved in the above four embodiments, and the shrimp seeds are further culture innovation of the current single culture mode.
While there has been shown and described the fundamental principles of the invention, the principal features and advantages thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited by the foregoing embodiments, which are presently preferred and not intended to be limiting, but rather is susceptible to various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (7)
1. A method for polyculture of fish and shrimp in a saline-alkali pond is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, cleaning a pool and disinfecting: and (4) removing sludge at the bottom of the culture pond, and ploughing and exposing the sludge. Before seedling placing, water is injected into the pool for 10 cm-20 cm, and bleaching powder is 150kg/hm2～600kg/hm2Sprinkling the water in the whole pool, and injecting the water for cultivation after 5-7 days of drug property disappears;
step two, water injection: the culture water injected after the cleaning tank is disinfected is a water body filtered by 60-mesh bolting silk;
step three, seed putting: putting shrimp larvae at the early 5 months and at a water temperature of more than 20 deg.C, wherein the putting density is 300000ind/hm2～450000ind/hm2About, when the shrimp fries generally grow to 3-5 cm, putting the fries, wherein the specification and density of the fries depend on the fish species for the fish farming, and the fry putting ruleLattice 50g/ind, density 3000ind/hm2～4500ind/hm2；
Step four, disease prevention and treatment: from 7 months, adding allicin into the feed every 20 days for three days, and properly adding vitamins to enhance the immunity of fishes and shrimps;
step five, cultivation management: along with the rising of the water temperature, the water level is gradually deepened, the water adding amount at one time is not more than 5 percent of the total water body for cultivation, the water reaches the highest water level in 6 months, and the water can be changed in a proper amount at the later stage.
2. The method for polyculture of fish and shrimp in saline-alkali pond according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the water depth of the pond water in the pond cleaning and disinfection process is kept to be 10-20 cm, and the specifications of 5.1 and 5.3 in the technical specification of conventional fry and fingerling cultivation of SC/T1008-2012 culture ponds are met.
3. The method for polyculture of fish and shrimp in saline-alkali pond according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: after the offspring seeds are put in, the water color change and the eating condition are observed every day, the dissolved oxygen is measured in the morning and evening, and the growth vigor of the fishes and the shrimps is measured every 15 days and recorded.
4. The method for polyculture of fish and shrimp in saline-alkali pond according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the water change amount in the culture management process is kept within the range of less than 5% of the total water amount.
5. The method for polyculture of fish and shrimp in saline-alkali pond according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: after the offspring seeds are put in, 375kg/hm of calcium chloride is splashed every month from 7 months2Supplementing calcium to water and promoting the growth of shrimps.
6. The method for polyculture of fish and shrimp in saline-alkali pond according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and pathogen detection is carried out on the prawn seedlings before the seedlings are put in, the specification of the culture pond is in the north-south direction, the average water depth is 1.5m, and 3-5 impeller type oxygen increasing machines are arranged in each hectare of the culture pond.
7. The method for polyculture of fish and shrimp in saline-alkali pond according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and temporarily culturing the young shrimps by using a small-sized greenhouse before the young shrimps are put in the greenhouse, and putting the young shrimps when the temperature of outdoor water is stabilized to be more than 20 ℃ after the young shrimps reach 2.5-3.0 cm.
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| CN112042568A (en) * | 2020-08-06 | 2020-12-08 | 中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所 | Ecological polyculture method for fish and shrimp |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112042568A (en) * | 2020-08-06 | 2020-12-08 | 中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所 | Ecological polyculture method for fish and shrimp |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
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| 徐顺梅: "池塘大规格鱼种与南美白对虾的混养模式", 《畜牧兽医科技信息》 * |
| 樊振中等: "提高精养鱼套养虾池塘中虾产量注意事项", 《渔业致富指南》 * |
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Application publication date: 20220405 |