CN114267961A - Multi-beam antenna system - Google Patents
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- CN114267961A CN114267961A CN202111620524.7A CN202111620524A CN114267961A CN 114267961 A CN114267961 A CN 114267961A CN 202111620524 A CN202111620524 A CN 202111620524A CN 114267961 A CN114267961 A CN 114267961A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a multi-beam antenna, which consists of an E surface 4 multiplied by 4Butler matrix end and an antenna array end, wherein the Butler matrix end is composed of a 3dB coupler, a 45-degree phase shifter, a gap waveguide transmission line formed by a cross junction and a 0-degree phase shifter according to periodic arrangement through an electromagnetic band gap structure, the transmission line has the advantage of low insertion loss in a high frequency band relative to the microstrip line and the substrate integrated waveguide, the 3dB coupler adopts a branch waveguide coupler, the antenna unit in the antenna array end adopts a slow wave horn antenna, the antenna changes the propagation constant of electromagnetic waves in the horn by adding the metal block into the H-plane hollow horn so as to achieve the purpose of changing the phase velocity, therefore, the phase distribution of the electric field at the caliber of the horn is more uniform, and the amplitude distribution of the electromagnetic wave signals on the caliber surface of the horn is uniform by adjusting the height and the size of the metal block at the caliber surface. The E-plane 4 x 4Butler matrix provided by the invention can realize higher bandwidth.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of millimeter wave communication, in particular to a multi-beam antenna system and a satellite communication system.
Background
With the rapid development of satellite communication technology, people have increasingly demanded communication capacity, low-frequency bands are difficult to meet the demand, and millimeter wave bands have abundant spectrum resources and many advantages, so that moving the working frequency band to the millimeter wave band becomes a future development trend. In order to "illuminate" the necessary earth region with a beam, the satellite antenna is generally required to have multi-beam operation capability because the beam needs to be shaped according to specific requirements. No matter how the requirements for the satellite communication antenna are changed, the final various indexes are also converted into the feed source, and the multi-beam capability is realized or the multi-beam capability is realized by the feed source. In the multi-beam antenna feed network, a plurality of feed structures are provided, but the Butler matrix is relatively compact in structure, small in loss and high in feed efficiency, so that the multi-beam antenna is realized by using the Butler matrix as the feed structure. Butler matrix development has been implemented to date by a variety of circuit architecture implementations, the main circuit architecture types including: microstrip lines, striplines, substrate integrated waveguides, and the like. However, as the operating frequency gradually moves to the millimeter wave frequency band, the circuit structures have the problem of high insertion loss. Most of the existing 4 × 4Butler matrixes are of an H-plane structure, which is because the bandwidth problem of the E-plane crossover cannot be overcome, the working bandwidth of the overall E-plane 4 × 4Butler matrix is limited, and the Butler matrixes also have the defect of large phase output error. Therefore, the realization of a high-capacity, broadband E-plane 4 × 4Butler matrix is a problem to be solved at present.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to overcome the problems of narrow bandwidth and low efficiency of the Butler matrix in the prior art.
To solve the above technical problem, the present invention provides a multi-beam antenna system, including:
an E surface 4 x 4Butler matrix end and an antenna array end;
the E-plane 4 x 4Butler matrix end comprises a 3dB coupler, a 45-degree phase shifter, a cross junction and a 0-degree phase shifter;
the 3dB coupler, the 45-degree phase shifter, the cross junction and the 0-degree phase shifter are all broadband devices and are formed by gap waveguide transmission lines formed by electromagnetic band gap structures periodically;
the cross junction is formed by symmetrically cascading two separator polarizers to form an E-plane cross junction structure;
the E-plane 4 x 4Butler matrix end is used for exciting an input port of the 3dB coupler, and obtaining electromagnetic wave signals with equal amplitude and equal phase difference between adjacent ports at an output port through the processing of the 3dB coupler, the 45-degree phase shifter, the cross junction and the 0-degree phase shifter;
the antenna array end is used for realizing multi-beam antenna communication application based on the excitation of the electromagnetic wave signal.
Preferably, the E-plane 4 × 4Butler matrix end includes:
four 3dB couplers, two 45-degree phase shifters, two cross junctions and two 0-degree phase shifters;
the 3dB coupler comprises an input port, an isolation port and two output ports;
the 45-degree phase shifter comprises an input port and an output port;
the cross junction comprises two input ports and two output ports;
the 0 degree phase shifter comprises an input port and an output port.
Preferably, the input port of the E-plane 4 × 4Butler matrix end is formed by input ports of two 3dB couplers, and the output port of the E-plane 4 × 4Butler matrix end is formed by two 0 ° phase shifters and an output port of a cross-junction;
the output ports of the first 3dB coupler and the second coupler are respectively connected with the input ports of the first 45-degree phase shifter, the first cross junction and the second 45-degree phase shifter;
output ports of the first 45-degree phase shifter, the first cross junction and the second 45-degree phase shifter are respectively connected with input ports of the third 3dB coupler and the fourth 3dB coupler;
and output ports of the third 3dB coupler and the fourth 3dB coupler are respectively connected with input ports of the first 0-degree phase shifter, the second cross junction and the second 0-degree phase shifter.
Preferably, the E-plane 4 × 4Butler matrix end input port feeds power, electromagnetic wave energy is equally divided into two output ports of the 3dB coupler, and two electromagnetic wave signals are output;
one electromagnetic wave of the two electromagnetic wave signals is output through a 45-degree phase shifter, and the other electromagnetic wave signal is output through a cross junction to output two electromagnetic wave signals with the same amplitude and different phases, which are recorded as a second electromagnetic wave signal;
the second electromagnetic wave signal outputs four electromagnetic wave signals with the same amplitude and different phases by using two couplers and is marked as a third electromagnetic wave signal;
the third electromagnetic wave signal outputs four electromagnetic wave signals with equal amplitude and equal phase difference between adjacent ports by using a 0-degree phase shifter and a cross junction, and the four electromagnetic wave signals are recorded as a fourth electromagnetic wave signal;
and the fourth electromagnetic wave signal excites the antenna array end to realize the multi-beam antenna communication application.
Preferably, the 3dB coupler is a branched waveguide coupler.
Preferably, the cross-over junction is obtained by superposing the diaphragm polarizer in two excitation modes, namely an odd mode and an even mode, by adopting a mode synthesis method.
Preferably, the separator polarizer includes:
two rectangular waveguide ports and a square waveguide output port.
Preferably, the antenna array end is composed of slow-wave horn antennas in a 1 × 4 manner.
Preferably, the slow-wave horn antenna comprises an H-plane empty horn and a metal block, and the propagation constant of electromagnetic waves in the horn is changed by adding the metal block into the H-plane empty horn.
Preferably comprising a multi-beam antenna according to any of claims 1-9.
The invention provides a multi-beam antenna system, which is characterized in that a 3dB coupler, a 45-degree phase shifter, a cross junction and a 0-degree phase shifter are utilized to form a gap waveguide transmission line formed by an electromagnetic field band gap structure according to a period, electromagnetic wave signals with equal amplitude and equal phase difference between adjacent ports can be obtained at an output port by exciting a Butler matrix port, and different ports of the Butler matrix are excited to enable an antenna array to realize different radiation directions.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments or technical solutions of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a multi-beam antenna system according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a three-dimensional structure diagram of a multi-beam antenna system according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the present invention;
FIG. 4 shows the excitation of the E-plane 4 × 4Butler matrix 1 port according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 shows the excitation of the E-plane 4 × 4Butler matrix 2 ports according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 shows the excitation of the E-plane 4 × 4Butler matrix 3 ports according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 shows the excitation of 4 ports of an E-plane 4X 4Butler matrix according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a simulation result of S parameters of an E-plane 4 × 4Butler matrix according to the present invention;
FIG. 9 shows the output phase of the E-plane 4X 4Butler matrix of the present invention;
fig. 10 is a directional diagram of a multi-beam antenna of the present invention at three frequency points;
fig. 11 is a diagram showing simulation results of S parameters of the multi-beam antenna of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The core of the invention is to provide a multi-beam antenna system and a satellite communication system, which improves Butler matrix efficiency, realizes higher bandwidth of the antenna system and enhances the performance of the multi-beam antenna system.
In order that those skilled in the art will better understand the disclosure, the invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the present invention provides a multi-beam antenna system comprising:
an E surface 4 x 4Butler matrix end and an antenna array end;
the E-plane 4 x 4Butler matrix end comprises four 3dB couplers, two 45-degree phase shifters, two cross junctions and two 0-degree phase shifters, wherein an input port of the E-plane 4 x 4Butler matrix end is formed by input ports of the two 3dB couplers, and an output port of the E-plane 4 x 4Butler matrix end is formed by output ports of the two 0-degree phase shifters and the cross junction.
The 3dB coupler, the 45-degree phase shifter, the cross junction and the 0-degree phase shifter are all broadband devices and are formed by gap waveguide transmission lines formed by electromagnetic band gap structures periodically;
as shown in fig. 3, the present invention provides a cross-junction structure;
the cross junction is formed by symmetrically cascading two partition plate polarizers to form an E-face cross junction structure, and the cross junction is obtained by superposing the partition plate polarizers in an odd mode and an even mode by adopting a mode synthesis method.
The E-plane 4 x 4Butler matrix end is used for exciting an input port of the 3dB coupler, and obtaining electromagnetic wave signals with equal amplitude and equal phase difference between adjacent ports at an output port through the processing of the 3dB coupler, the 45-degree phase shifter, the cross junction and the 0-degree phase shifter;
the antenna array end is composed of slow wave horn antennas according to a 1 x 4 mode and used for realizing different radiation directions of the antennas based on excitation of the electromagnetic wave signals.
The slow-wave horn antenna comprises an H-face hollow horn and a metal block, and the metal block is added into the H-face hollow horn, so that the propagation constant of electromagnetic waves in the horn is changed.
Exciting different input ports of the E-plane 4 x 4Butler matrix end to output electromagnetic wave signals with different phase differences;
as shown in fig. 4, fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating the excitation of the E-plane 4 × 4Butler matrix 1 port according to the present invention;
dividing the whole Butler matrix into 4 parts;
exciting a port 1 of the Butler matrix, wherein the phase of an input signal is 0 degrees, the input power is 1w, the input signal outputs two electromagnetic wave signals with equal amplitude and 90-degree phase difference after being acted by a 3dB coupler, the output signals are respectively 0 degree in phase of 0.5w and 90 degrees in phase of 0.5w, and the output signals of the first part are used as the input signals of the second part;
the electromagnetic wave signals with the phase of 90 degrees in the input signals of the second part are output after passing through a 45-degree phase shifter, the electromagnetic waves with the phase of 0 degree are output after passing through a cross junction, the output signals at the moment are respectively the phase of 45 degrees at the power of 0.5w and the phase of 0.5w, and the output signals of the second part are used as the input signals of the third part;
the electromagnetic wave signals with the phase of 45 degrees in the input signals of the third part pass through the coupler to output two paths of signals with the same amplitude and the phase difference of 90 degrees, the electromagnetic wave signals with the phase of 0 degree pass through the coupler to output two paths of signals with the same amplitude and the phase difference of 90 degrees, the output signals are respectively power 0.25w phase 135 degrees, power 0.25w phase 45 degrees, power 0.25w phase 90 degrees and power 0.25w phase 0 degrees, and the output signals of the third part are used as the input signals of the fourth part;
in the input signals of the fourth part, the electromagnetic wave signal with the phase of 135 ° passes through the 0 ° phase shifter to the port 5, the output power is 0.25w phase 135 °, the electromagnetic wave signal with the phase of 45 ° passes through the cross-junction to the port 7, the output power is 0.25w phase 45 °, the electromagnetic wave signal with the phase of 90 ° passes through the cross-junction to the port 6, the output power is 0.25w phase 90 °, and the electromagnetic wave signal with the phase of 0 ° passes through the 0 ° phase shifter to the port 8, the output power is 0.25w phase 0 °;
therefore, the Butler matrix 1 port is excited, and electromagnetic wave signals with equal amplitude and the phase difference between the adjacent ports is 45 degrees can be obtained at the output port.
As shown in fig. 5, fig. 5 is a 2-port excitation situation of the E-plane 4 × 4Butler matrix of the present invention;
dividing the whole Butler matrix into 4 parts;
exciting 2 ports of a Butler matrix, wherein the phase of an input signal is 0 degrees, the input power is 1w, the input signal outputs two electromagnetic wave signals with equal amplitude and 90-degree phase difference after being acted by a 3dB coupler, the output signals are respectively 0 degree in phase of 0.5w and 90 degrees in phase of 0.5w, and the output signals of the first part are used as the input signals of the second part;
electromagnetic wave signals with the phase of 0 degree in the input signals of the second part are output after passing through a 45 degree phase shifter, electromagnetic waves with the phase of 90 degrees are output after passing through a cross junction, at the moment, the output signals are respectively the power of 0.5w phase-45 degrees and the power of 0.5w phase-90 degrees, and the output signals of the second part are used as the input signals of the third part;
the electromagnetic wave signals with the phase of-45 degrees in the input signals of the third part pass through the coupler to output two paths of signals with the same amplitude and the phase difference of 90 degrees, the electromagnetic wave signals with the phase of 90 degrees pass through the coupler to output two paths of signals with the same amplitude and the phase difference of 90 degrees, the output signals are respectively power 0.25w phase 45 degrees, power 0.25w phase-45 degrees, power 0.25w phase 180 degrees and power 0.25w phase 90 degrees, and the output signals of the third part serve as the input signals of the fourth part;
in the input signals of the fourth part, the electromagnetic wave signal with the phase of 45 degrees passes through a 0-degree phase shifter to a port 5 to output an electromagnetic wave signal with the power of 0.25w and the phase of 45 degrees, the electromagnetic wave signal with the phase of-45 degrees passes through a cross junction to a port 7 to output an electromagnetic wave signal with the power of 0.25w and the phase of 45 degrees, the electromagnetic wave signal with the phase of 180 degrees passes through a cross junction to a port 6 to output an electromagnetic wave signal with the power of 0.25w and the phase of 180 degrees, and the electromagnetic wave signal with the phase of 90 degrees passes through a 0-degree phase shifter to a port 8 to output an electromagnetic wave signal with the power of 0.25w and the phase of 90 degrees;
therefore, the Butler matrix 2 ports are excited, and electromagnetic wave signals with equal amplitude and a phase difference of-135 degrees between adjacent ports can be obtained at the output ports.
As shown in fig. 6, fig. 6 shows the excitation of the E-plane 4 × 4Butler matrix 3 ports according to the present invention;
dividing the whole Butler matrix into 4 parts;
exciting 3 ports of a Butler matrix, wherein the phase of an input signal is 0 degrees, the input power is 1w, the input signal outputs two electromagnetic wave signals with equal amplitude and 90-degree phase difference after being acted by a 3dB coupler, the output signals are respectively power 0.5w, phase 90 degrees and power 0.5w, phase 0 degrees, and the output signals of a first part are used as the input signals of a second part;
the electromagnetic wave signals with the phase of 90 degrees in the input signals of the second part are output after being subjected to cross junction, the electromagnetic waves with the phase of 0 degree are output after being subjected to a 45-degree phase shifter, the output signals at the moment are respectively the power of 0.5w, the phase of 90 degrees and the power of 0.5w, the phase of 45 degrees, and the output signals of the second part are used as the input signals of the third part;
the electromagnetic wave signals with the phase of 90 degrees in the input signals of the third part pass through the coupler to output two paths of signals with the same amplitude and the phase difference of 90 degrees, the electromagnetic wave signals with the phase of-45 degrees pass through the coupler to output two paths of signals with the same amplitude and the phase difference of 90 degrees, the output signals are respectively power 0.25w phase 90 degrees, power 0.25w phase 180 degrees, power 0.25w phase 45 degrees and power 0.25w phase-45 degrees, and the output signals of the third part are used as the input signals of the fourth part;
in the input signals of the fourth part, the electromagnetic wave signal with the phase of 90 degrees passes through a 0-degree phase shifter to a port 5, the electromagnetic wave signal with the phase of 0.25w and the phase of 90 degrees is output, the electromagnetic wave signal with the phase of 180 degrees passes through a cross junction to a port 7, the electromagnetic wave signal with the phase of 0.25w and the phase of 180 degrees is output, the electromagnetic wave signal with the phase of-45 degrees passes through a cross junction to a port 6, the electromagnetic wave signal with the power of 0.25w and the phase of 45 degrees passes through a 0-degree phase shifter to a port 8, and the electromagnetic wave signal with the power of 0.25w and the phase of 45 degrees is output;
therefore, electromagnetic wave signals with equal amplitude and 135 degrees of phase difference between adjacent ports can be obtained at the output port by exciting the 3 ports of the Butler matrix.
As shown in fig. 7, fig. 7 shows the excitation of 4 ports of an E-plane 4 × 4Butler matrix according to the present invention;
dividing the whole Butler matrix into 4 parts;
exciting 4 ports of a Butler matrix, wherein the phase of an input signal is 0 degrees, the input power is 1w, the input signal outputs two electromagnetic wave signals with equal amplitude and 90-degree phase difference after being acted by a 3dB coupler, the output signals are respectively power 0.5w, phase 90 degrees and power 0.5w, phase 0 degrees, and the output signals of the first part are used as the input signals of the second part;
the electromagnetic wave signals with the phase of 90 degrees in the input signals of the second part are output after passing through a 45-degree phase shifter, the electromagnetic waves with the phase of 0 degree are output after passing through a cross junction, the output signals at the moment are respectively the phase of 45 degrees at the power of 0.5w and the phase of 0.5w, and the output signals of the second part are used as the input signals of the third part;
the electromagnetic wave signals with the phase of 0 degree in the input signals of the third part pass through the coupler to output two paths of signals with the same amplitude and the phase difference of 90 degrees, the electromagnetic wave signals with the phase of 45 degrees pass through the coupler to output two paths of signals with the same amplitude and the phase difference of 90 degrees, the output signals are respectively the power 0.25w phase 0 degree, the power 0.25w phase 90 degree, the power 0.25w phase 45 degree and the power 0.25w phase 135 degree, and the output signals of the third part are used as the input signals of the fourth part;
in the input signals of the fourth part, the electromagnetic wave signal with the phase of 0 ° passes through the 0 ° phase shifter to the port 5, the output power is 0.25w phase 0 °, the electromagnetic wave signal with the phase of 90 ° passes through the cross-junction to the port 7, the output power is 0.25w phase 90 °, the electromagnetic wave signal with the phase of 45 ° passes through the cross-junction to the port 6, the output power is 0.25w phase 45 °, and the electromagnetic wave signal with the phase of 135 ° passes through the 0 ° phase shifter to the port 8, and the output power is 0.25w phase 135 °;
therefore, the Butler matrix 4 ports are excited, and electromagnetic wave signals with equal amplitude and the phase difference between the adjacent ports being minus 45 degrees can be obtained at the output ports.
The four output ports of the E-plane 4 x 4Butler matrix end correspond to the four input ports of the antenna array end one by one, through exciting the input ports of the E-plane 4 x 4Butler matrix end, equal-amplitude output with different phase differences can be obtained at the output ports, and the antenna array can be excited by signals with different phase differences to enable the antenna to realize different directional beams, so that different radiation directions of the antenna are realized.
Fig. 8 is a simulation result of the S parameter of the E-plane 4 × 4Butler matrix in this embodiment, and the results of the 3 and 4 ports are consistent with those of the 1 and 2 ports because of the symmetric structure. As can be seen from the figure, the coverage frequency bandwidth of the Butler matrix with the S parameter less than-13 dB is 95-110GHz, the relative bandwidth is 14.6%, compared with the prior art, the E-plane 4 x 4Butler matrix provided by the invention can realize higher bandwidth, and the gap waveguide transmission line adopted by the invention has the advantage of low insertion loss in a high-frequency band compared with a microstrip line and a substrate integrated waveguide.
Fig. 9 is a diagram of the output phase results corresponding to different ports of the E-plane 4 × 4Butler matrix in this embodiment, which can be obtained from the diagram, and the output errors of the E-plane 4 × 4Butler matrix in the 95-110GHz band are all within ± 10 °.
Fig. 10 is a simulation result of a radiation pattern of the multi-beam antenna in this embodiment at the frequency points of 95GHz, 102.5GHz, and 110GHz, and it can be seen from the figure that the multi-beam antenna can realize four different beam directions and can realize higher gain by exciting different input ports.
Fig. 11 is a diagram of simulation results of S-parameters of the multi-beam antenna in this embodiment, and it can be obtained from the diagram that the frequency bandwidth of the coverage of the S-parameters of the multi-beam antenna less than-11 dB is 95-110 GHz.
In order to realize a broadband and high-capacity multi-beam antenna, each part of the Butler matrix adopts a broadband device and uses a gap waveguide transmission line with high transmission capacity, and the horn antenna adopted by the antenna part also has broadband advantage, so that the multi-beam antenna formed by cascading the Butler matrix and the antenna array is a broadband multi-beam antenna. The gap waveguide transmission line adopted by the Butler matrix part has the characteristics of high transmission capacity and low loss.
Antenna element adopts the slow wave horn antenna among the antenna array, the metal block is added to the slow wave horn antenna in the empty loudspeaker of H face, changes the propagation constant of electromagnetic wave in the loudspeaker and reaches the purpose that changes the phase velocity to make the phase place distribution of electric field in loudspeaker bore department more even, through the metal block height and the size of adjustment bore face department, make the amplitude distribution of electromagnetic wave signal on loudspeaker bore face even.
The satellite communication system provided by the invention comprises all the multi-beam antenna systems mentioned in the above embodiments.
The embodiments are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same or similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other. The device disclosed by the embodiment corresponds to the method disclosed by the embodiment, so that the description is simple, and the relevant points can be referred to the method part for description.
The multi-beam antenna system and the satellite communication system provided by the invention are described in detail above. The principles and embodiments of the present invention are explained herein using specific examples, which are presented only to assist in understanding the method and its core concepts. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, it is possible to make various improvements and modifications to the present invention without departing from the principle of the present invention, and those improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A multi-beam antenna system, comprising:
an E surface 4 x 4Butler matrix end and an antenna array end;
the E-plane 4 x 4Butler matrix end comprises a 3dB coupler, a 45-degree phase shifter, a cross junction and a 0-degree phase shifter;
the 3dB coupler, the 45-degree phase shifter, the cross junction and the 0-degree phase shifter are all broadband devices and are formed by gap waveguide transmission lines formed by electromagnetic band gap structures periodically;
the cross junction is formed by symmetrically cascading two separator polarizers to form an E-plane cross junction structure;
the E-plane 4 x 4Butler matrix end is used for exciting an input port of the 3dB coupler, and obtaining electromagnetic wave signals with equal amplitude and equal phase difference between adjacent ports at an output port through the processing of the 3dB coupler, the 45-degree phase shifter, the cross junction and the 0-degree phase shifter;
the antenna array end is used for realizing multi-beam antenna communication application based on the excitation of the electromagnetic wave signal.
2. The multiple beam antenna system of claim 1, wherein the E-plane 4 x 4Butler matrix end comprises:
four 3dB couplers, two 45-degree phase shifters, two cross junctions and two 0-degree phase shifters;
the 3dB coupler comprises an input port, an isolation port and two output ports;
the 45-degree phase shifter comprises an input port and an output port;
the cross junction comprises two input ports and two output ports;
the 0 degree phase shifter comprises an input port and an output port.
3. The multiple beam antenna system of claim 2, wherein the E-plane 4 x 4Butler matrix end input port is comprised of input ports of two 3dB couplers and the E-plane 4 x 4Butler matrix end output port is comprised of two 0 ° phase shifters and an output port of a cross-junction;
the output ports of the first 3dB coupler and the second 3dB coupler are respectively connected with the input ports of the first 45-degree phase shifter, the first cross-over junction and the second 45-degree phase shifter;
output ports of the first 45-degree phase shifter, the first cross junction and the second 45-degree phase shifter are respectively connected with input ports of the third 3dB coupler and the fourth 3dB coupler;
and output ports of the third 3dB coupler and the fourth 3dB coupler are respectively connected with input ports of the first 0-degree phase shifter, the second cross junction and the second 0-degree phase shifter.
4. The multiple beam antenna system of claim 2, wherein the E-plane 4 x 4Butler matrix end input port is fed with electromagnetic wave energy equally divided into two output ports of the 3dB coupler, outputting two electromagnetic wave signals;
one electromagnetic wave of the two electromagnetic wave signals is output through a 45-degree phase shifter, and the other electromagnetic wave signal is output through a cross junction to output two electromagnetic wave signals with the same amplitude and different phases, which are recorded as a second electromagnetic wave signal;
the second electromagnetic wave signal outputs four electromagnetic wave signals with the same amplitude and different phases by using two couplers and is marked as a third electromagnetic wave signal;
the third electromagnetic wave signal outputs four electromagnetic wave signals with equal amplitude and equal phase difference between adjacent ports by using a 0-degree phase shifter and a cross junction, and the four electromagnetic wave signals are recorded as a fourth electromagnetic wave signal;
and the fourth electromagnetic wave signal excites the antenna array end to realize the multi-beam antenna communication application.
5. The multiple beam antenna system of claim 1, wherein the 3dB coupler employs a branched waveguide coupler.
6. The multiple beam antenna system of claim 1, wherein the cross-junctions are formed by mode combining using diaphragm polarizers superimposed in both odd and even modes of excitation.
7. The multiple beam antenna system of claim 6, wherein the baffle polarizer comprises:
two rectangular waveguide ports and a square waveguide output port.
8. The multiple beam antenna system of claim 1, wherein the antenna array ends are comprised of slow wave horn antennas in a 1 x 4 manner.
9. The multiple beam antenna system of claim 8, wherein the slow wave horn antenna comprises an H-plane empty horn and a metal block, and wherein the propagation constant of the electromagnetic wave in the horn is changed by adding the metal block to the H-plane empty horn.
10. A satellite communication system comprising a multi-beam antenna according to any one of claims 1-9.
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| WO2024037229A1 (en) * | 2022-08-19 | 2024-02-22 | 华为技术有限公司 | Phase shift matrix circuit, beamforming circuit, phase shift method, device, and system |
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| WO2024037229A1 (en) * | 2022-08-19 | 2024-02-22 | 华为技术有限公司 | Phase shift matrix circuit, beamforming circuit, phase shift method, device, and system |
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