CN114264923A - Transformer fault diagnosis and detection system based on alternating current withstand voltage test - Google Patents
Transformer fault diagnosis and detection system based on alternating current withstand voltage test Download PDFInfo
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- CN114264923A CN114264923A CN202111592552.2A CN202111592552A CN114264923A CN 114264923 A CN114264923 A CN 114264923A CN 202111592552 A CN202111592552 A CN 202111592552A CN 114264923 A CN114264923 A CN 114264923A
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Abstract
The invention provides a transformer fault diagnosis and detection system based on an alternating current withstand voltage test. Discrete sampling data of voltage and current of each measurable end of a transformer in an alternating current withstand voltage test are taken as a signal source, and variation of electromagnetic parameters (electrical conductivity gamma, dielectric constant epsilon and magnetic permeability mu) of the transformer is taken as a first criterion; taking the distribution probability of the transformer electromagnetic parameter variation as a second criterion of fault diagnosis; taking the polarity effect of the time-shifting change rate of the electromagnetic parameters of the transformer as a third criterion; constructing a comprehensive Difference rate (Difference Ratio DR) matrix DR based on first, second and third criteria; according to the values of the DR elements, the diagnosis and detection of faults or insulation defects with parameter variation within the range of 1-100% are conveniently realized; the position and the severity of faults or defects of the transformer, such as overheating faults, electric arcs, partial discharges, winding deformation, turn-to-turn short circuits and the like, can be identified, and the time period of the faults or insulation defects can be dynamically and adaptively diagnosed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of diagnosis and detection of transformer faults or insulation defects. The invention provides a transformer fault diagnosis and detection system based on an alternating current withstand voltage test. Discrete sampling data of voltage and current of each measurable end of a transformer in an alternating current withstand voltage test are taken as a signal source, and variation of electromagnetic parameters (electrical conductivity gamma, dielectric constant epsilon and magnetic permeability mu) of the transformer is taken as a first criterion; taking the distribution probability of the transformer electromagnetic parameter variation as a second criterion of fault diagnosis; taking the polarity effect of the time-shifting change rate of the electromagnetic parameters of the transformer as a third criterion; constructing a comprehensive Difference rate (Difference Ratio DR) matrix DR based on first, second and third criteria; according to the values of the elements of the comprehensive difference rate matrix DR, diagnosis and detection of transformer faults or insulation defects are implemented, the positions and the severity of faults or defects of the transformer, such as overheating faults, electric arcs, partial discharges, winding deformation, turn-to-turn short circuits and the like, are identified, and the time periods of the faults or the insulation defects can be dynamically and adaptively diagnosed.
Technical Field
Transformers are an important component of power systems, and their health is critical to the safe, stable, and economic operation of power systems. The ac withstand voltage test is a necessary test after delivery, handover, and maintenance of the transformer (and various high-voltage electrical equipment). The existing fault diagnosis methods at home and abroad use current standard curve comparison to judge whether a problem exists or not and whether the problem passes the test or not, but cannot diagnose the type, severity and the like of a fault or an insulation defect, particularly cannot diagnose whether insulation damage is generated or a fault hidden danger is left in the process of a voltage-withstand test. Therefore, the system for diagnosing and detecting the transformer fault or the insulation defect by taking the measurable terminal voltage and current discrete sampling data of the transformer in the alternating current voltage withstand test as a signal source has important theoretical significance and engineering practical value.
The voltage amplitude of the alternating-current withstand voltage test is high, the duration time is long (multiple times of the rated value and lasts for one minute), and the method is a precious resource for early detecting and diagnosing the defects or the fault hidden dangers of the transformer; the method and the system for diagnosing and detecting the defects or the hidden troubles of the transformer based on the alternating-current voltage withstand test are developed, the details such as the positions, the severity and the like of the defects or the hidden troubles of the transformer are obtained in the alternating-current voltage withstand test process, the strict customs is taken from the source before the operation, and the important basic and prospective technical guarantee is provided for ensuring the good health condition and the intelligent operation and maintenance of the transformer.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention relates to a transformer fault diagnosis and detection system based on an alternating current withstand voltage test, which consists of hardware and software and can diagnose and detect faults or insulation defects of a transformer. The invention provides a method for diagnosing and detecting transformer faults or insulation defects by constructing a comprehensive Difference rate (DifferenceRatio DR) matrix DR by taking voltage and current discrete sampling data of a measurable end of a transformer in an alternating current withstand voltage test as a signal source and taking the variation, distribution probability and polarity effect of a time shift variation rate of electromagnetic parameters (conductivity gamma, dielectric constant epsilon and magnetic permeability mu) of the transformer as criteria. The diagnosis and detection method and the system are reliable, practical, economical, convenient and fast, have strong operability, and have no relevant report in the current retrieved reference documents.
1. The main content of the invention
(1) The invention takes the variable quantity of the electromagnetic parameters (the conductivity gamma, the dielectric constant epsilon and the magnetic permeability mu) of the transformer in the alternating current withstand voltage test as the first criterion. Electromagnetic parameters of faults or insulation defects such as electric arc, overheating, partial discharge, winding deformation and the like correspond to a certain operation working condition; the variation of the electromagnetic parameters in normal and fault states is an important basis for identifying the fault or insulation defect of the transformer.
(2) The invention takes the distribution probability of the variable quantity of the electromagnetic parameters of the transformer in the alternating current withstand voltage test as the second criterion of fault diagnosis. Any engineering practical system has certain nonlinearity and uncertainty in nature, and faults or insulation defects of the transformer have certain randomness. The distribution probability of the transformer electromagnetic parameter variation is an important basis for identifying transformer faults or insulation defects.
(3) The invention takes the polarity effect of the time-shift change rate of the electromagnetic parameters of the transformer in the alternating current withstand voltage test as the third criterion of fault diagnosis. Insulation defects of a transformer (and high-voltage electrical equipment) are not artificially set, and an equivalent electrode system which generates faults such as electric arcs, partial discharge and the like or insulation defects is mostly in a rod-plate structure and generally has a certain polarity effect. The polarity effect of the time-shift change rate of the electromagnetic parameters of the transformer is an important basis for identifying the faults and insulation defects of the transformer.
(4) The invention constructs the variable quantity of the electromagnetic parameter of the transformer, the distribution probability of the variable quantity of the parameter and the parameterA comprehensive Difference Ratio (Difference Ratio DR) matrix of the polarity effects "((1), (2), (3)) of shift change ratios. And according to the numerical values of all elements of the comprehensive difference rate matrix DR, diagnosing and detecting the transformer fault or the insulation defect.
The rows respectively correspond to the category of the transformer fault or the insulation defect, a core column where the fault or the insulation defect is located, a winding where the fault or the insulation defect is located, and the severity of the fault or the insulation defect; the columns respectively correspond to signal source data reliability criteria, transformer total faults, arc faults or insulation defects, partial discharge faults or insulation defects, winding deformation faults or defects, overheating faults or defects, and turn-to-turn short circuit faults or defects. According to the value of each element of a comprehensive Difference rate (Difference Ratio DR) matrix DR, the diagnosis and detection of the fault or the insulation defect of the transformer with the parameter variation within the range of 1-100% can be conveniently realized.
The first criterion, the second criterion and the third criterion are properly combined, and the essential characteristics of the transformer fault or the insulation defect can be locked from three important aspects of 'the variation of the electromagnetic parameter of the transformer', 'the distribution probability of the variation of the parameter' and 'the polarity effect of the time-shift variation rate of the parameter', so that the fault or the insulation defect and the severity (health condition) of the fault or the insulation defect of the transformer can be diagnosed, and the accuracy and the reliability of diagnosis and detection of the transformer fault or the insulation defect are ensured. The comprehensive difference rate matrix (DR) constructed based on the first criterion, the second criterion and the third criterion ensures the operability and convenience of diagnosis and detection of transformer faults or insulation defects based on the alternating-current withstand voltage test.
The invention relates to a transformer fault diagnosis and detection system based on an alternating current withstand voltage test, which has universality and is not only suitable for various power transformers, but also suitable for special (special) transformers such as distribution transformers, converter transformers, traction transformers, rectifier transformers and the like; the transformer is not only suitable for various transformers, but also suitable for various high-voltage electrical equipment (such as reactors, capacitors and the like).
2. Main technical conditions and functions of the invention
The main technical conditions and functions of the transformer fault diagnosis and detection system based on the alternating-current withstand voltage test are as follows.
I. Signal source
In the AC withstand voltage test, discrete sampling values (the sampling rate is more than 1k) of the voltage and the current of the measurable end of the transformer are obtained.
Major functions of the diagnostic and detection system
(1) And diagnosing the position of the transformer fault or the insulation defect and the severity of the transformer fault or the insulation defect. 1) Diagnosing whether the whole transformer has faults or insulation defects and the severity of the faults or the insulation defects; 2) diagnosing low, medium and high energy faults or insulation defects of the transformer and positions thereof; 3) diagnosing high, medium and low voltage windings and ABC core columns where faults or insulation defects are located; 4) diagnosing the transformer with or without arc faults, the positions and the severity of the arc faults; 5) diagnosing whether the transformer has winding deformation, the position of the winding deformation and the severity thereof; 6) diagnosing whether partial discharge exists in the transformer winding, the position of the partial discharge and the severity of the partial discharge; 7) and diagnosing whether the transformer winding has the turn-to-turn short circuit, the position of the turn-to-turn short circuit and the severity thereof.
(2) And dividing the fault or the severity of the insulation defect into multiple levels. The fault or insulation defect is divided into four categories (18 levels), which are sorted from top to bottom and from low to high, and has the characteristic of screening from tiny insulation defects to large hidden trouble of fault; as the identification scale increases, the diagnostic and inspection system gradually focuses from the detail (tiny) of the insulation defect to a more harmful insulation defect or a more hidden trouble.
(3) The diagnosis and detection of faults or insulation defects are ordered according to a plurality of levels of reliability and sensitivity. Redundant, variable focus diagnostic results are provided for both reliability and sensitivity. The reliability and the sensitivity are mutually restricted, and the fish and the bear paw can not be obtained at the same time, but can be reasonably adjusted between the two. The overall diagnosis of the fault is made by using a high-reliability criterion, and the missing fault details of the high-reliability criterion are determined by using a high-sensitivity criterion; if the high-reliability criterion can make complete fault diagnosis, the diagnosis result of the high-sensitivity criterion can further prove the details of the high-reliability criterion.
Compared with the existing standard curve comparison method, the diagnosis and detection method provided by the invention has certain principles and technical advantages. The diagnosis and detection method provided by the invention is completely different from the existing standard curve comparison method, takes the variable quantity, the distribution probability and the polarity effect of the electromagnetic parameters of the transformer caused by the fault as the diagnosis basis, grasps the physical essence of the fault or the insulation defect to a certain extent, and theoretically ensures the effectiveness and the reliability of the diagnosis and detection.
The diagnostic and detection system of the present invention is dynamically adaptive and can diagnose whether a fault or an insulation defect exists before pressurization or occurs after pressurization. The pressurizing time is divided into three periods of early stage, middle stage and later stage of pressurizing and a time shift factor tau, and the time and the severity of the occurrence of the fault or the insulation defect are dynamically and adaptively diagnosed. The diagnosis and detection system provided by the invention is essentially a deep data mining method, creatively expands the functions and efficiency of the alternating current withstand voltage test, and fills the blank of the transformer fault diagnosis and detection method based on the alternating current withstand voltage test.
Detailed Description
The invention relates to a transformer fault diagnosis and detection system based on an alternating current withstand voltage test, which only needs discrete sampling data of measurable terminal voltage and measurable current of a transformer at a time interval of 2.1-4.1 seconds in a plurality of withstand voltage tests to calculate 'transformer electromagnetic parameter variation', 'probability of parameter variation' and 'polarity effect of parameter variation' of the transformer, generates a comprehensive difference rate matrix DR, and can implement diagnosis and detection of faults or insulation defects of the transformer according to values of elements of the comprehensive difference rate matrix DR.
Case 1
The connection group of the Anren #1 transformer in Guizhou province is YNyn0d11, and for the stable state wave recording of 20210809, the diagnosis result of the invention is as follows: the maximum value of each element value in the first row DR is more than 1012, which is almost impossible; the data was diagnosed as severely abnormal. The diagnostic results were consistent with the field-fed diagnostic results (DGA + electrical test).
Case 2
The coupling group of the Zhejiang Bay #2 transformer is YNyn0d11, and for the steady state recording data of 20200329, the diagnosis result of the invention is as follows: a voltage winding in the A column of the Jiangwan #2 transformer has a high-temperature overheating fault which causes energy change by 30%, and the transformer has no winding deformation and no partial discharge. The diagnostic result is consistent with the field-fed diagnostic result (DGA).
Case 3
The connection group of the eosin #1 transformer in Henan province is YNyn0yn + d, and for stable state wave recording data of 20210723, the diagnosis result of the invention is as follows: the eosin #1 transformer had minor overheating defects; the defect position is in the A or C column high-voltage winding, and the caused energy change is 5%; no winding deformation and no partial discharge; minor overheating defects were diagnosed, with no failure. The diagnostic result is consistent with the field-fed diagnostic result (DGA).
Case 4
The connection group of the Guizhou province flat dam #1 transformer is YNyn0d11, and for the steady state wave recording data of 20210622, the diagnosis result of the invention is as follows: the B-column medium-voltage or A-column low-voltage winding of the flat dam #1 transformer has a serious winding deformation fault; the induced energy change was 20%; no overheating and no partial discharge. The diagnosis result is consistent with the diagnosis result fed back on site (power failure maintenance).
Case 5
The connection group of the Tianjin Shuifulu 3# transformer is YNyn0yn0(+ d), and the diagnosis result of the invention is that for the stable state fault recording data of 20210827: a low-temperature overheating fault occurs in a B-column low-voltage winding of a schofu #3 main transformer; the induced energy change was 20%; no winding deformation and no partial discharge. The diagnostic results were consistent with the field-fed diagnostic results (DGA + electrical test).
Since 2018, the function of the transformer fault diagnosis and detection system based on the alternating-current withstand voltage test is subjected to back-to-back verification of field actual fault recording data of more than 50 transformers (power) in Zhejiang, Tianjin, Henan and Guizhou; the verification result is more than 90% consistent with the field diagnosis result, and the accuracy, reliability and operability of the fault diagnosis and detection system are preliminarily (indirectly) verified. In fact, the voltage amplitude of the actual transformer withstand voltage test is higher than the rated voltage of normal operation, the duration is as long as 1 minute, and the diagnosis and detection effects on transformer faults or insulation defects are better than those of the indirect test of normal operation working conditions.
Description of the drawings:
the attached figure is a real picture of a transformer fault diagnosis and detection system based on an alternating current withstand voltage test.
Claims (7)
1. The invention takes discrete sampling data of voltage and current at the measurable end of the transformer in the alternating current withstand voltage test as a signal source to generate a plurality of identification criteria for diagnosing and detecting the fault or the insulation defect of the transformer, constructs a fault diagnosing and detecting system consisting of hardware and software, and implements the diagnosis and the detection of the fault or the insulation defect of the transformer.
2. The invention takes the variable quantity of the electromagnetic parameters (the conductivity gamma, the dielectric constant epsilon and the magnetic permeability mu) of the transformer in the alternating current withstand voltage test as a criterion for diagnosing and detecting the fault, realizes the diagnosis and detection of the fault or the insulation defect of the transformer from the angle of the variable quantity of the electromagnetic parameters, and identifies the position and the severity of the fault or the insulation defect.
3. The invention takes the distribution probability of the variable quantity of the electromagnetic parameters of the transformer in the alternating current withstand voltage test as a criterion for fault diagnosis and detection, realizes the diagnosis and detection of the fault or the insulation defect of the transformer from the angle of the distribution probability of the variable quantity of the electromagnetic parameters, and identifies the position and the severity of the fault or the insulation defect.
4. The invention takes the polar effect of the time-shift change rate of the electromagnetic parameters of the transformer in the alternating current withstand voltage test as a criterion for fault diagnosis and detection, realizes the diagnosis and detection of the fault or the insulation defect of the transformer from the angle of the polar effect of the time-shift change rate of the electromagnetic parameters, and identifies the position and the severity of the fault or the insulation defect.
5. The invention constructs a comprehensive difference rate (Diff) based on electromagnetic parameter variation, distribution probability of parameter variation and polarity effect of parameter time-shift variation rateAn error Ratio DR) matrix,
the rows in the DR matrix respectively correspond to the fault category of the transformer, the core column where the fault or the insulation defect is located, the winding where the fault or the insulation defect is located, and the severity of the fault or the insulation defect; the columns respectively correspond to data reliability criteria of a signal source, total faults of a transformer, arc faults or insulation defects, partial discharge faults or insulation defects, winding deformation faults or defects, overheating faults or defects and turn-to-turn short circuit faults or defects. And according to the value of each element of the comprehensive membership matrix MD, carrying out multi-scale diagnosis and monitoring on the fault or insulation defect of the transformer: (1) diagnosing whether the whole transformer has faults or insulation defects and the severity of the faults or the insulation defects; (2) diagnosing low, medium and high energy faults or insulation defects of the transformer and positions thereof; (3) diagnosing high, medium and low voltage windings and ABC core columns where faults or insulation defects are located; (4) diagnosing the transformer with or without arc faults, the positions and the severity of the arc faults; (5) diagnosing whether the transformer has winding deformation, the position of the winding deformation and the severity thereof; (6) diagnosing whether partial discharge exists in the transformer winding, the position of the partial discharge and the severity of the partial discharge; (7) diagnosing whether the transformer winding has turn-to-turn short circuit, the position of the turn-to-turn short circuit and the severity thereof; the diagnosis and detection of the fault or the insulation defect of the transformer with the electromagnetic parameter change within the range of 1-100% are realized.
6. The invention uses the data reliability identification criterion (the first column of the comprehensive difference rate matrix DR) constructed by the electromagnetic parameter variation, the distribution probability of the parameter variation and the polarity effect of the parameter time-shifting variation rate to judge the reliability of the signal source data according to the value of the identification criterion.
7. The invention relates to a transformer fault diagnosis and detection system based on an alternating current withstand voltage test, which has universality and is not only suitable for various power transformers, but also suitable for special (special) transformers such as distribution transformers, converter transformers, traction transformers, rectifier transformers and the like; the transformer is not only suitable for various transformers, but also suitable for various high-voltage electrical equipment (such as reactors, capacitors and the like).
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| CN202111592552.2A CN114264923A (en) | 2021-12-24 | 2021-12-24 | Transformer fault diagnosis and detection system based on alternating current withstand voltage test |
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