CN114264782A

CN114264782A - Food safety detector

Info

Publication number: CN114264782A
Application number: CN202111496654.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘雨莎; 韩明宇
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2021-12-09
Filing date: 2021-12-09
Publication date: 2022-04-01

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of food safety detection, in particular to a food safety detector, which comprises a pressure mechanism, a range adjusting mechanism, a liquid taking mechanism and a test tube replacing mechanism, wherein the pressure mechanism is arranged on the liquid taking mechanism; the measuring range adjusting mechanism can adjust the measured solution amount by adjusting the stroke of the piston in the pressure mechanism, so that the piston does not need to be moved to absorb the solution and tightly observe the scale lines when the solution is measured, the solution is more convenient to measure, the solution measuring precision and efficiency can be improved, and the food safety detection precision and efficiency are further improved; the liquid taking mechanism can be used for assembling a plurality of liquid taking test tubes required in food safety detection at one time, and when different solutions are measured, only the corresponding test tubes are required to be butted with the pressure mechanism, so that the replacement efficiency of the test tubes is improved, and the food safety detection efficiency is further improved; the use of test tube replacement mechanism can drive through pressing down when changing the test tube of getting in the liquid mechanism and get liquid mechanism rotatory change test tube, makes the test tube change more convenient.

Description

Food safety detector

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of food safety detection, in particular to a food safety detector.

Background

The food safety detection is to detect harmful substances in food according to national indexes, wherein the pesticide residue detector is mainly used for detecting pesticide residues in vegetables and fruits. The pesticide is developed by adopting an enzyme inhibition principle and a photoelectric colorimetry principle, under a certain condition, organophosphorus and carbamic acid pesticides have an inhibition effect on the normal function of cholinesterase, and the inhibition rate is positively correlated with the concentration of the pesticides. During detection, the buffer reagent, the color developing agent, the cholinesterase solution and the vegetable sample solution are equivalently taken and then mixed for configuration reaction, and finally the color of the mixed solution is compared with the color comparison card, so that the pesticide residue is determined. For ensuring that the testing result is accurate, at solution configuration in-process, need get each reagent solution of liquid test tube precision volume through the pipettor cooperation, and in order to prevent to get the inside accuracy that has solution to lead to influencing solution configuration that remains behind the liquid test tube liquid fetching, after every kind of solution got liquid, need dismantle the liquid test tube of getting that the renewal was changed on the pipettor and carry out next time again and get liquid, not only the operation is complicated, still the configuration efficiency of greatly reduced solution to reduce detection efficiency.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a food safety detector.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: the utility model provides a food safety detector, includes pressure mechanism, range adjustment mechanism, gets liquid mechanism, test tube and changes the mechanism, get liquid mechanism connect in pressure mechanism's one end, through pressure mechanism's atmospheric pressure volume gets reagent solution, is used for adjusting get liquid mechanism and get the liquid volume range adjustment mechanism install in one side of pressure mechanism for the rotation regulation get liquid mechanism test tube change the mechanism install in the range adjustment mechanism.

Further, the pressure mechanism includes a pressure cylinder, a piston rod, a pressing plate, a limiting handle, a central rod, a first spring, a central tube and an air inlet and outlet hole, the piston is slidably mounted in the pressure cylinder, the piston rod is fixedly mounted on the top end of the piston, the top end of the piston rod is fixedly mounted on the pressing plate, the limiting handle is integrally arranged on one side of the upper end of the pressure cylinder, the air inlet and outlet hole is formed in the bottom end of the pressure cylinder, the central tube is fixedly mounted on the bottom end of the interior of the pressure cylinder and communicated with the air inlet and outlet hole, the central rod is fixedly mounted on the bottom end of the piston, and the first spring is movably sleeved between the central rod and the central tube.

Further, the liquid taking mechanism comprises a rotary table, a liquid taking test tube, a trapezoid notch, a trapezoid joint, a first air guide hole, a sliding groove, a second air guide hole, a second spring and a test tube joint, the rotary table is rotatably mounted below the pressure cylinder through the test tube replacing mechanism, the outer ring of the top surface of the rotary table is provided with a plurality of uniformly distributed sliding grooves, the trapezoid joint is slidably clamped in each sliding groove, the second spring is mounted between the trapezoid joint and the bottom end of the sliding groove, the trapezoid notch is arranged at the bottom end of the air inlet/outlet hole, the upper end of the trapezoid joint is hermetically clamped in the trapezoid notch, the first air guide hole communicated with the air inlet/outlet hole is arranged inside the trapezoid joint, the second air guide hole is arranged at the bottom end of the sliding groove, and the test tube joint communicated with the second air guide hole is fixedly mounted on the bottom surface of the rotary table, the liquid taking test tube is fixedly inserted on the test tube connector.

Furthermore, the range adjusting mechanism comprises a first baffle, a second baffle, a screw rod, a driving gear, a transmission gear, a driven gear, an adjusting cylinder, an opening and a mounting plate, the adjusting cylinder is fixedly mounted on one side of the pressure cylinder, the adjusting cylinder is communicated with the upper end of the pressure cylinder through the opening, the mounting plate is fixedly arranged in the adjusting cylinder, the screw rod passes through the mounting plate and is movably mounted inside the adjusting cylinder, the first baffle is fixedly mounted on the piston rod, the second baffle is mounted on the screw rod in a threaded manner, the second baffle is positioned below the first baffle, the driving gear is fixedly arranged on the piston rod, the driven gear is fixedly arranged on the screw rod, the transmission gear is movably arranged on the inner wall of the adjusting cylinder, and the two sides of the transmission gear are respectively in meshed transmission connection with the driving gear and the driven gear.

Furthermore, an optical axis guide rail located on one side of the screw rod is fixedly installed inside the adjusting cylinder, and one end of the second baffle is movably inserted into the optical axis guide rail.

Further, the test tube replacing mechanism comprises a spiral plate, an upper ratchet wheel, a lower ratchet wheel, a thrust ball bearing, a button, a limiting chute, a third spring, a limiting plate and a rotating shaft, wherein the spiral plate is movably arranged at the bottom end of the screw rod, a spiral sliding hole is formed in the upper ratchet wheel and is inserted into the lower end of the spiral plate in a sliding manner through the spiral sliding hole, the lower ratchet wheel is movably arranged at the bottom end inside the adjusting cylinder through the thrust ball bearing, the lower ratchet wheel is in meshing transmission connection with the upper ratchet wheel, an avoiding hole communicated with the spiral sliding hole is formed in the lower ratchet wheel, the rotating shaft is fixedly arranged at the bottom end of the lower ratchet wheel, the bottom end of the rotating shaft extends to the outside of the adjusting cylinder and is fixedly connected with the turntable, the button is fixedly arranged at the top end of the screw rod and is slidably clamped in the limiting chute, the limiting plate is fixedly mounted at the upper end of the screw rod, the third spring is movably sleeved on the screw rod, and the third spring is clamped between the limiting plate and the mounting plate.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

(1) according to the food safety detector, the measuring range adjusting mechanism can adjust the measured solution amount by adjusting the stroke of the piston in the pressure mechanism, so that the piston does not need to be moved to absorb the solution and tightly observe the scale lines when the solution is measured, the solution is more convenient to measure, the solution measuring precision and efficiency can be improved, and the food safety detection precision and efficiency can be further improved.

(2) According to the food safety detector, the liquid taking mechanism can be used for assembling a plurality of liquid taking test tubes required in food safety detection at one time, and when different solutions are measured, the corresponding test tubes are only required to be in butt joint with the pressure mechanism, so that the replacement efficiency of the test tubes is improved, and the food safety detection efficiency is further improved.

(3) According to the food safety detector, the test tube replacing mechanism can be used for driving the liquid taking mechanism to rotate to replace the test tube by pressing when the test tube in the liquid taking mechanism is replaced, so that the test tube is more convenient to replace, and the test tube replacing efficiency and the food safety detection efficiency are further improved.

Drawings

The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an overall structure of a preferred embodiment of a food safety detector according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is an enlarged schematic view of the structure at A in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of the structure at B of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the upper ratchet shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the lower ratchet shown in FIG. 1;

in the figure: 1. a pressure mechanism; 11. a pressure cylinder; 12. a piston; 13. a piston rod; 14. a pressing plate; 15. a limiting handle; 16. a center pole; 17. a first spring; 18. a central tube; 19. air inlet and outlet holes; 2. a range adjusting mechanism; 21. a first baffle plate; 22. a second baffle; 23. a screw rod; 24. a driving gear; 25. a transmission gear; 26. a driven gear; 27. an adjusting cylinder; 28. an opening; 29. an optical axis guide rail; 2a, mounting plates; 3. a liquid taking mechanism; 31. a turntable; 32. taking a liquid test tube; 33. a trapezoidal notch; 34. a trapezoidal joint; 35. a first air guide hole; 36. a chute; 37. a second air guide hole; 38. a second spring; 39. a test tube connector; 4. a test tube replacement mechanism; 41. a spiral sheet; 42. an upper ratchet wheel; 43. a lower ratchet wheel; 44. a thrust ball bearing; 45. a button; 46. a limiting chute; 47. a third spring; 48. a limiting plate; 49. a spiral slide hole; 4a, avoiding holes; 4b, a rotating shaft.

Detailed Description

In order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further described with the specific embodiments.

As shown in fig. 1-5, the food safety detector according to the present invention includes a pressure mechanism 1, a range adjusting mechanism 2, a liquid taking mechanism 3, and a test tube replacing mechanism 4, wherein the liquid taking mechanism 3 is connected to one end of the pressure mechanism 1, a reagent solution is measured by an air pressure of the pressure mechanism 1, the range adjusting mechanism 2 for adjusting a liquid taking amount of the liquid taking mechanism 3 is installed at one side of the pressure mechanism 1, and the test tube replacing mechanism 4 for rotatably adjusting the liquid taking mechanism 3 is installed in the range adjusting mechanism 2; the use of the range adjusting mechanism 2 can adjust the solution amount measured by the liquid taking test tube 32 by adjusting the stroke of the piston 12 in the pressure mechanism 1, so that the piston 12 does not need to be moved to absorb the solution and tightly observe the scale lines on the liquid taking test tube 32 when the solution is measured, the solution amount is more convenient, the solution amount measuring precision and efficiency can be improved, and the food safety detection precision and efficiency are further improved; the liquid taking mechanism 3 can be used for assembling a plurality of liquid taking test tubes 32 required in food safety detection at one time, and when different solutions are measured, only the corresponding test tubes are needed to be butted with the pressure mechanism 1, so that the replacement efficiency of the test tubes is improved, and the food safety detection efficiency is further improved; the use of test tube replacement mechanism 4 can be when getting liquid test tube 32 in the change through pressing down can drive and get liquid mechanism 3 rotations and change the test tube, makes the test tube change more convenient, further improves test tube replacement efficiency and food safety detection efficiency.

Specifically, the pressure mechanism 1 includes a pressure cylinder 11, a piston 12, a piston rod 13, a pressing plate 14, a limiting handle 15, a central rod 16, a first spring 17, a central tube 18, and an air inlet and outlet hole 19, the piston 12 is slidably mounted inside the pressure cylinder 11, the piston rod 13 is fixedly mounted at the top end of the piston 12, the pressing plate 14 is fixedly mounted at the top end of the piston rod 13, the limiting handle 15 is integrally arranged at one side of the upper end of the pressure cylinder 11, the air inlet and outlet hole 19 is arranged at the bottom end of the pressure cylinder 11, the central tube 18 is fixedly mounted at the bottom end inside the pressure cylinder 11 and is communicated with the air inlet and outlet hole 19, the central rod 16 is fixedly mounted at the bottom end of the piston 12, and the first spring 17 is movably sleeved between the central rod 16 and the central tube 18; when liquid is taken, a user can hold the pressure cylinder 11 with one hand, and meanwhile, the user pushes fingers against the lower side of the limiting handle 15 to prevent the pressure cylinder 11 from sliding, then the user can press the pressing plate 14 with the thumb, the piston 12 is driven to move downwards through the piston rod 13 to extrude and discharge air at the lower end of the pressure cylinder 11, meanwhile, the first spring 17 is extruded and contracted, then the pressing plate 14 is loosened to enable the piston 12 to move upwards under the action of the reset elastic force of the first spring 17 to reset, when the piston 12 moves upwards, negative pressure suction is generated at the lower end of the pressure cylinder 11 to be used for absorbing reagent solution, and through the matching of the piston 12 and the first spring 17, the user can take liquid with one hand, so that the liquid taking process is more convenient and rapid.

Specifically, the liquid taking mechanism 3 includes a rotary table 31, a liquid taking test tube 32, a trapezoid notch 33, a trapezoid joint 34, a first air guide hole 35, sliding grooves 36, a second air guide hole 37, a second spring 38, and a test tube joint 39, the rotary table 31 is rotatably mounted below the pressure tube 11 through the test tube replacing mechanism 4, the outer ring of the top surface of the rotary table 31 is provided with a plurality of the sliding grooves 36 which are uniformly distributed, the trapezoid joint 34 is slidably clamped in each sliding groove 36, the second spring 38 is mounted between the trapezoid joint 34 and the bottom end of the sliding groove 36, the trapezoid notch 33 is disposed at the bottom end of the air inlet/outlet hole 19, the upper end of the trapezoid joint 34 is hermetically clamped in the trapezoid notch 33, the trapezoid joint 34 is internally provided with the first air guide hole 35 communicated with the air inlet/outlet hole 19, and the bottom end of the sliding groove 36 is provided with the second air guide hole 37, the bottom surface of the rotating disc 31 is fixedly provided with the test tube joint 39 communicated with the second air guide hole 37, and the liquid taking test tube 32 is fixedly inserted into the test tube joint 39; when the piston 12 moves upwards to enable the lower end of the pressure cylinder 11 to generate negative pressure suction, the negative pressure suction is transmitted into the liquid taking test tube 32 sequentially through the central tube 18, the air inlet and outlet hole 19, the first air guide hole 35, the chute 36, the second air guide hole 37 and the test tube connector 39, so that the liquid taking test tube can absorb reagent solution in a reagent bottle through the negative pressure suction, when the solution is required to be titrated into a solution mixing measuring cup after the absorption is completed, the liquid taking test tube 32 is placed into the solution mixing measuring cup, and the pressing plate 14 is pressed downwards, so that the solution in the liquid taking test tube 32 can be squeezed and titrated into the solution mixing measuring cup.

Specifically, the range adjusting mechanism 2 includes a first baffle 21, a second baffle 22, a screw rod 23, a driving gear 24, a transmission gear 25, a driven gear 26, an adjusting cylinder 27, an opening 28, and a mounting plate 2a, the adjusting cylinder 27 is fixedly mounted on one side of the pressure cylinder 11, the adjusting cylinder 27 is communicated with the upper end of the pressure cylinder 11 through the opening 28, the mounting plate 2a is fixedly mounted inside the adjusting cylinder 27, the screw rod 23 passes through the mounting plate 2a and is movably mounted inside the adjusting cylinder 27, the first baffle 21 is fixedly mounted on the piston rod 13, the second baffle 22 is threadedly mounted on the screw rod 23, the second baffle 22 is located below the first baffle 21, the driving gear 24 is fixedly mounted on the piston rod 13, and the driven gear 26 is fixedly mounted on the screw rod 23, the transmission gear 25 is movably mounted on the inner wall of the adjusting cylinder 27, and two sides of the transmission gear 25 are respectively in meshed transmission connection with the driving gear 24 and the driven gear 26; when the piston rod 13 and the piston 12 extrude and exhaust downwards, the piston rod 13 drives the first baffle plate 21 to move downwards until the first baffle plate 21 abuts against and is limited by the second baffle plate 22, so that the piston rod 13 and the piston 12 stop moving downwards, the initial position of the piston 12 is fixed, and the tail end position of the stroke of the piston 12 is determined through the limitation of the first baffle plate 21 and the second baffle plate 22, namely the stroke length of the piston 12 can be determined, so that the amount of solution adsorbed by the movement of the piston 12 is determined, and the amount of the solution is more convenient to measure; when the amount of the solution to be measured needs to be adjusted, the piston rod 13 can be rotated to drive the driving gear 24 to rotate, the driving gear 24 drives the driven gear 26 to rotate through the transmission gear 25, and then the lead screw 23 is driven to rotate, so that the second baffle 22 is driven to move up and down along the lead screw 23, the distance between the second baffle 22 and the first baffle 21 is adjusted, and the stroke length of the piston 12 and the amount of the solution to be measured are adjusted.

Specifically, an optical axis guide rail 29 located on one side of the screw rod 23 is fixedly installed inside the adjusting cylinder 27, one end of the second baffle 22 is movably inserted into the optical axis guide rail 29, and the optical axis guide rail 29 can guide and limit when the second baffle 22 moves up and down, so that the second baffle 22 can move more stably.

Specifically, the test tube replacing mechanism 4 comprises a spiral piece 41, an upper ratchet wheel 42, a lower ratchet wheel 43, a thrust ball bearing 44, a button 45, a limit sliding chute 46, a third spring 47, a limit plate 48 and a rotating shaft 4b, wherein the spiral piece 41 is movably mounted at the bottom end of the screw rod 23, a spiral sliding hole 49 is formed in the upper ratchet wheel 42 and is inserted into the lower end of the spiral piece 41 in a sliding manner through the spiral sliding hole 49, the lower ratchet wheel 43 is movably mounted at the bottom end inside the adjusting cylinder 27 through the thrust ball bearing 44 and is connected with the upper ratchet wheel 42 in a meshing transmission manner, an avoiding hole 4a communicated with the spiral sliding hole 49 is formed in the lower ratchet wheel 43, the rotating shaft 4b is fixedly mounted at the bottom end of the lower ratchet wheel 43, and the bottom end of the rotating shaft 4b extends to the outside of the adjusting cylinder 27 and is fixedly connected with the rotating disc 31, the button 45 is fixedly mounted at the top end of the screw rod 23 and is slidably clamped in the limiting sliding groove 46, the limiting plate 48 is fixedly mounted at the upper end of the screw rod 23, the third spring 47 is movably sleeved on the screw rod 23, and the third spring 47 is clamped between the limiting plate 48 and the mounting plate 2 a; when the liquid taking test tube 32 communicated with the air inlet and outlet hole 19 finishes taking liquid and dropping liquid and needs to be replaced by a new liquid taking test tube 32, the button 45 can be pressed downwards to drive the screw rod 23 and the spiral piece 41 to move, the spiral piece 41 descends along the spiral sliding hole 49 in the upper ratchet wheel 42, so that the upper ratchet wheel 42 is driven to rotate by the cooperation of the spiral piece 41 and the spiral sliding hole 49, the upper ratchet wheel 42 drives the lower ratchet wheel 43 to rotate, further drives the rotating shaft 4b to rotate, the rotating shaft 4b drives the rotating disc 31 to rotate, the trapezoidal joint 34 in the trapezoidal notch 33 is contracted towards the sliding groove 36 by the extrusion force when the rotating disc 31 rotates, and slides out of the trapezoidal notch 33 until the rotating disc 31 rotates for a certain angle, and the trapezoidal joint 34 above the other liquid taking test tube 32 is aligned with the trapezoidal notch 33, and is hermetically clamped in the trapezoid notch 33 under the action of the return elastic force of the second spring 38, so that the replacement of the liquid taking test tube 32 is completed, and then the button 45 is released, and the screw rod 23 and the spiral piece 41 are reset upwards under the action of the return elastic force of the third spring 47; the third spring 47 is matched with the limit plate 48 to drive the screw 23 to reset, and can also play a role in supporting and limiting the screw 23, so as to support and fix the second baffle 22, and when the piston rod 13 moves downwards to drive the first baffle 21 to be in limit abutment with the second baffle 22, the second baffle 22 has sufficient limit resistance.

When the solution taking device is used, when the solution is taken, firstly, the piston rod 13 is rotated according to the amount of the solution to be taken, the driving gear 24 is driven to rotate, the driving gear 24 drives the driven gear 26 to rotate through the transmission gear 25, and then the screw rod 23 is driven to rotate, so that the second baffle plate 22 is driven to move up and down along the screw rod 23, the distance between the second baffle plate 22 and the first baffle plate 21 is adjusted, and the stroke length of the piston 12 and the amount of the solution which can be taken are adjusted; then, the pressure cylinder 11 is held by hand, the pressing plate 14 is pressed down by a thumb, the piston 12 is driven to move downwards through the piston rod 13, air at the lower end of the pressure cylinder 11 is extruded and discharged, meanwhile, the first spring 17 is extruded and contracted until the first baffle 21 is in limit abutting contact with the second baffle 22, the liquid taking test tube 32 butted with the air inlet and outlet hole 19 is placed in a reagent bottle, then the pressing plate 14 is released, the piston 12 moves upwards under the reset elastic action of the first spring 17 to reset, negative pressure suction is generated at the lower end of the pressure cylinder 11, reagent solution in the reagent bottle can be sucked into the liquid taking test tube 32, then the liquid taking test tube 32 is placed in a solution mixing measuring cup, the pressing plate 14 is pressed down, and the solution in the liquid taking test tube 32 can be squeezed and titrated into a solution mixing measuring cup, so that the extrusion and titration of the reagent solution are completed; then, the button 45 is pressed downwards to drive the screw rod 23 and the spiral piece 41 to move downwards, the spiral piece 41 moves downwards in the upper ratchet wheel 42 along the spiral sliding hole 49, so that the upper ratchet wheel 42 is driven to rotate, the upper ratchet wheel 42 drives the lower ratchet wheel 43 to rotate, the rotating shaft 4b is driven to rotate, the rotating shaft 4b drives the rotating disc 31 to rotate, the trapezoidal joint 34 in the trapezoidal notch 33 is contracted towards the sliding groove 36 through the extrusion force when the rotating disc 31 rotates and slides out of the trapezoidal notch 33 until the rotating disc 31 rotates for a certain angle, the trapezoidal joint 34 above the other liquid taking test tube 32 is aligned with the trapezoidal notch 33 and is hermetically clamped in the trapezoidal notch 33 under the reset elastic force of the second spring 38, so that the liquid taking test tube 32 is replaced, and then the button 45 is released, and the screw rod 23 and the spiral piece 41 move upwards and reset under the reset elastic force of the third spring 47.

The foregoing illustrates and describes the principles, general features, and advantages of the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and the embodiments and descriptions given above are only illustrative of the principles of the present invention, and various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which fall within the scope of the claims. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.

Claims

1. A food safety detector is characterized in that: including pressure mechanism (1), range adjustment mechanism (2), get liquid mechanism (3), test tube and change mechanism (4), get liquid mechanism (3) connect in the one end of pressure mechanism (1), through the reagent solution is got to the atmospheric pressure volume of pressure mechanism (1), is used for adjusting it gets the liquid measure to get liquid mechanism (3) range adjustment mechanism (2) install in one side of pressure mechanism (1), be used for the rotation regulation get liquid mechanism (3) the test tube change mechanism (4) install in range adjustment mechanism (2).

2. The food safety detector of claim 1, wherein: the pressure mechanism (1) comprises a pressure cylinder (11), a piston (12), a piston rod (13), a pressing plate (14), a limiting handle (15), a central rod (16), a first spring (17), a central pipe (18) and an air inlet and outlet hole (19), the piston (12) is slidably mounted in the pressure cylinder (11), the piston rod (13) is fixedly mounted at the top end of the piston (12), the pressing plate (14) is fixedly mounted at the top end of the piston rod (13), the limiting handle (15) is integrally arranged at one side of the upper end of the pressure cylinder (11), the air inlet and outlet hole (19) is formed in the bottom end of the pressure cylinder (11), the central pipe (18) is fixedly mounted at the bottom end of the interior of the pressure cylinder (11) and communicated with the air inlet and outlet hole (19), the central rod (16) is fixedly mounted at the bottom end of the piston (12), and the first spring (17) is movably sleeved between the central rod (16) and the central pipe (18).

3. The food safety detector of claim 2, wherein: the liquid taking mechanism (3) comprises a rotary disc (31), a liquid taking test tube (32), a trapezoid notch (33), a trapezoid joint (34), a first air guide hole (35), a sliding groove (36), a second air guide hole (37), a second spring (38) and a test tube joint (39), the rotary disc (31) is rotatably installed below the pressure tube (11) through the test tube replacing mechanism (4), the outer ring of the top surface of the rotary disc (31) is provided with a plurality of uniformly distributed sliding grooves (36), the trapezoid joint (34) is slidably clamped in each sliding groove (36), the second spring (38) is installed between the trapezoid joint (34) and the bottom end of the sliding groove (36), the trapezoid notch (33) is arranged at the bottom end of the air inlet/outlet hole (19), and the upper end of the trapezoid joint (34) is hermetically clamped in the trapezoid notch (33), and the inside of trapezoidal joint (34) be provided with business turn over air vent (19) intercommunication first air guide hole (35), the bottom of spout (36) is provided with second air guide hole (37), the bottom surface fixed mounting of carousel (31) with second air guide hole (37) intercommunication test tube connects (39), get liquid test tube (32) fixed grafting in on test tube connects (39).

4. A food safety monitor according to claim 3, wherein: the range adjusting mechanism (2) comprises a first baffle (21), a second baffle (22), a screw rod (23), a driving gear (24), a transmission gear (25), a driven gear (26), an adjusting cylinder (27), an opening (28) and a mounting plate (2a), wherein the adjusting cylinder (27) is fixedly mounted on one side of the pressure cylinder (11), the adjusting cylinder (27) is communicated with the upper end of the pressure cylinder (11) through the opening (28), the mounting plate (2a) is fixedly mounted inside the adjusting cylinder (27), the screw rod (23) penetrates through the mounting plate (2a) and is movably mounted inside the adjusting cylinder (27), the first baffle (21) is fixedly mounted on the piston rod (13), the second baffle (22) is mounted on the screw rod (23) in a threaded manner, and the second baffle (22) is positioned below the first baffle (21), the driving gear (24) is fixedly installed on the piston rod (13), the driven gear (26) is fixedly installed on the screw rod (23), the transmission gear (25) is movably installed on the inner wall of the adjusting cylinder (27), and two sides of the transmission gear (25) are respectively in meshed transmission connection with the driving gear (24) and the driven gear (26).

5. The food safety detector of claim 4, wherein: an optical axis guide rail (29) located on one side of the screw rod (23) is fixedly installed inside the adjusting cylinder (27), and one end of the second baffle plate (22) is movably inserted into the optical axis guide rail (29).

6. The food safety detector of claim 4, wherein: the test tube replacing mechanism (4) comprises a spiral piece (41), an upper ratchet wheel (42), a lower ratchet wheel (43), a thrust ball bearing (44), a button (45), a limiting sliding groove (46), a third spring (47), a limiting plate (48) and a rotating shaft (4b), wherein the spiral piece (41) is movably installed at the bottom end of the screw rod (23), a spiral sliding hole (49) is formed in the upper ratchet wheel (42), the spiral sliding hole (49) is inserted into the lower end of the spiral piece (41) in a sliding manner, the lower ratchet wheel (43) is movably installed at the bottom end inside the adjusting cylinder (27) through the thrust ball bearing (44), the lower ratchet wheel (43) is connected with the upper ratchet wheel (42) in a meshing transmission manner, a avoiding hole (4a) communicated with the spiral sliding hole (49) is formed in the lower ratchet wheel (43), and the rotating shaft (4b) is fixedly installed at the bottom end of the lower ratchet wheel (43), and the bottom end of the rotating shaft (4b) extends to the outside of the adjusting cylinder (27) and is fixedly connected with the rotary disc (31), the button (45) is fixedly arranged at the top end of the screw rod (23) and is clamped in the limiting sliding groove (46) in a sliding manner, the limiting plate (48) is fixedly arranged at the upper end of the screw rod (23), the third spring (47) is movably sleeved on the screw rod (23), and the third spring (47) is clamped between the limiting plate (48) and the mounting plate (2 a).