CN114264772B - Part surface scratch contrast detection device and manufacturing method - Google Patents
Part surface scratch contrast detection device and manufacturing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114264772B CN114264772B CN202111536754.5A CN202111536754A CN114264772B CN 114264772 B CN114264772 B CN 114264772B CN 202111536754 A CN202111536754 A CN 202111536754A CN 114264772 B CN114264772 B CN 114264772B
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Abstract
The application discloses a part surface scratch contrast detection device and a manufacturing method thereof, wherein the part surface scratch contrast detection device comprises a contrast device, wherein at least one contrast scratch is arranged on the contrast device; during use, the part surface scratches are respectively compared with the comparison scratches, so that the comparison scratch closest to the part surface scratches is selected, and whether the quality requirements of the part surface scratches are met or not is preliminarily judged by combining the grade of the comparison scratch and the quality requirements of the part, so that unqualified parts can be quickly identified; compared with the prior art, the comparison detection device provides clear and reliable detection standards, false detection caused by unclear detection standards is avoided, meanwhile, the dependence of detection work on the experience of workers is reduced, and the sorting accuracy is improved; the detection device can quickly judge whether the scratches on the surface of the part are qualified or not through simple comparison, greatly simplifies the detection procedure and can further improve the detection efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of surface defect detection equipment, in particular to a part surface scratch contrast detection device and a manufacturing method.
Background
In the aircraft industry, surface scratches are scratches caused by contact of a sharp object with a product, which are distributed in a single stripe during relative sliding, and are the most common type of surface defect. The quantitative detection index of the scratch defect is generally depth and width, namely, the scratch defect with certain width and depth is acceptable under specific conditions. For the defects, the defects are generally determined by visual or hand touch of inspectors in the aircraft manufacturing industry, or are detected by high-precision digital detection equipment.
The working efficiency of the visual or hand-touch experience judgment mode is high, but the visual estimation often has the problems of inaccuracy, high misjudgment rate and low measurement precision because the scratch depth and width belong to the detection of micro geometric quantity (usually ten micrometers to hundreds micrometers); the digital detection equipment can provide high-precision measurement results, but the equipment is generally poor in portability, complex in measurement and operation process and high in requirement on the capability of inspectors, so that the working efficiency is low, and the equipment is generally used only for disputed scratch defects.
Under the background that aircraft manufacturing efficiency promotes fast, how to improve production scene mar detection efficiency, reduce the erroneous judgement rate simultaneously, promote detection accuracy, be the problem that needs to solve at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The application mainly aims to provide a part surface scratch comparison and detection device and a manufacturing method, so as to overcome the defect that the error rate of part surface scratch judgment in the prior art is high.
For realizing above-mentioned purpose, this application provides a part surface mar contrast detection device, a serial communication port, including the contrast device, the comparison device goes up the ruling has an at least contrast mar, each the contrast mar corresponds each detection level respectively, at least one the contrast mar is used for comparing with part surface mar to judge whether qualified part surface mar is.
Optionally, the comparison device includes a detection block, at least one comparison scratch is scribed on the surface of the detection block, and each comparison scratch corresponds to each detection level.
Optionally, the comparison device includes a plurality of detection pieces, and each all there is at least one contrast mar of ruling on the detection piece, and each contrast mar corresponds each detection grade respectively.
Optionally, each of the detecting pieces is rotatably connected to the same connecting shaft.
Correspondingly, the invention also discloses a manufacturing method of the surface scratch contrast detection device, which comprises the following steps:
defining quantitative detection parameters allowed by the scratches on the surface of the part;
calculating the scribing parameters of the comparison scratches according to the quantitative detection parameters;
designing and manufacturing a plurality of scratch pressure heads according to the scratching parameters, wherein each scratch pressure head corresponds to each corresponding scratch;
according to the scoring parameter of the comparison scratch, the scratch pressure head corresponding to the comparison scratch is used for scoring the comparison scratch on the comparison device.
Optionally, the quantized detection parameters include a reference width W and a reference depth H.
Optionally, the calculating the scribing parameter of each comparison scratch according to the quantitative detection parameter includes the following steps:
respectively determining the scratch width deviation delta w and the scratch depth deviation delta h of the comparison scratch;
according to the scratch width deviation delta w is calculated respectively the scratch width alpha of the contrast scratch n And all the scratch widths alpha are set n Is collected to a scratch width set A n ；
According to the scratch depth deviation delta h calculates each the scratch depth delta of the contrast scratch m (ii) a And all scratch depths delta m Aggregate to scratch depth aggregate B m ；
According to the width alpha of the scratch n And the scratch depth delta m And calculating the scribing parameters of the comparison scratches.
Optionally, scratch width set A n Is expressed as { alpha 0 ,α 1 ,....,α n }；α n The expression of (a) is:
Optionally, scratch depth set B m Is expressed as { delta 0 ,δ 1 ,....,δ m }；δ m The expression of (a) is:
Optionally, the scribing parameters of the comparative scratch are calculated according to the following formula: c = (α) n ,δ m )。
Optionally, a plurality of scratch indenters are designed and manufactured, each scratch indenter is in a conical structure in the step corresponding to each comparative scratch, and the taper angle of each scratch indenter is calculated according to the following formula:
where i represents the number of the scoring indenter.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention comprises a comparison device, wherein at least one comparison scratch is arranged on the comparison device; during use, the part surface scratches are respectively compared with the comparison scratches, so that the comparison scratch closest to the part surface scratches is selected, and whether the quality requirements of the part surface scratches are met or not is preliminarily judged by combining the grade of the comparison scratch and the quality requirements of the part, so that unqualified parts can be quickly identified;
compared with the mode of judging whether the part surface scratches are qualified or not completely by depending on manual experience in the prior art, firstly, the device integrates the detection standards of the part surface scratches, thereby not only avoiding false detection caused by undefined detection standards and improving the sorting accuracy; meanwhile, due to the fact that the detection standard is clear, workers without related judgment experience can quickly identify whether the part surface scratches are qualified or not, the difficulty in detecting the part surface scratches is further reduced, and meanwhile the detection efficiency is improved;
meanwhile, whether the scratches on the surface of the part are qualified or not can be quickly judged through simple comparison, so that the detection procedure is greatly simplified, and the detection efficiency can be further improved;
compared with the traditional mode of judging through picture or line thickness comparison, the detection device can present the contrast scratch serving as a standard in a more vivid mode, so that the detection accuracy is improved;
finally, the detection device provided by the invention is simple in structure, practical and convenient, can effectively improve the detection efficiency of scratches on the surface of the part, and is low in hardware cost and beneficial to popularization in an industrial production field.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a surface scratch contrast detection apparatus according to embodiment 1 of the present application;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a surface scratch contrast detection apparatus according to embodiment 2 of the present application;
fig. 3 is a flow chart of the part surface scratch detection method.
Reference numerals: 1-contrast scratch, 2-detection block, 3-detection sheet and 4-connecting shaft.
The implementation, functional features and advantages of the objectives of the present application will be further explained with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that all the directional indicators (such as upper, lower, left, right, front, and rear … …) in the embodiment of the present invention are only used to explain the relative position relationship between the components, the motion situation, and the like in a specific posture (as shown in the drawing), and if the specific posture is changed, the directional indicator is changed accordingly.
In the present invention, unless otherwise explicitly stated or limited, the terms "connected", "fixed", and the like are to be understood broadly, for example, "fixed" may be fixedly connected, may be detachably connected, or may be integrated; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or they may be connected internally or in any other suitable relationship, unless expressly stated otherwise. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
In addition, if there is a description of "first", "second", etc. in an embodiment of the present invention, the description of "first", "second", etc. is for descriptive purposes only and is not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In addition, the meaning of "and/or" appearing throughout includes three juxtapositions, exemplified by "A and/or B", including either A or B or both A and B. In addition, technical solutions between various embodiments may be combined with each other, but must be realized by a person skilled in the art, and when the technical solutions are contradictory or cannot be realized, such a combination should not be considered to exist, and is not within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the application discloses a part surface scratch contrast detection device, which comprises a detection block 2, wherein the detection block 2 is made of a material with strength and hardness lower than 30CrMnSiNi 2A; wherein the detection block 2 is preferably made of an organic glass block; the top surface of the detection block 2 is selected as a detection surface, at least one comparison scratch 1 is engraved on the detection surface, and the depth and the width of each comparison scratch 1 are different, so as to ensure that each comparison scratch 1 corresponds to different detection levels respectively;
when the part surface scratch detection device is used, the part surface scratch is respectively placed together with the comparison scratches, a worker visually compares the part surface scratch with the comparison scratches, selects one of the comparison scratches which is closest to the part surface scratch as a comparison result, and simultaneously looks up whether the detection grade of the comparison scratch meets the technical requirements of the part so as to determine whether the part surface scratch affects the quality of the part;
meanwhile, according to the quality requirement of the part, the comparison scratch meeting the minimum quality requirement is selected from the comparison scratches and compared with the surface scratch of the part, if the comparison scratches meet the quality requirement, the surface scratch of the part does not affect the quality of the part, and otherwise, the quality of the part is affected.
Referring to fig. 2, the application discloses a part surface scratch contrast detection device, which comprises a plurality of detection sheets 3, wherein at least one contrast scratch 1 is engraved on each detection sheet 3, and the depth and the width of each contrast scratch 1 are different, so as to ensure that each contrast scratch 1 corresponds to different detection levels respectively;
the detection sheet 3 is made of a material with strength and hardness lower than 30CrMnSiNi2A, wherein an organic glass plate is preferred; each detection piece 3 is provided with a connecting hole and is rotatably connected to the same connecting shaft 4 through the connecting hole.
When the detection device is used, one or more detection sheets with the largest similarity with the part surface scratches are selected according to the part surface scratches, each comparison scratch is compared with the part surface scratches respectively, one comparison scratch closest to the part surface scratches is selected from the comparison scratches to serve as a comparison result, meanwhile, whether the detection grade of the comparison scratch meets the technical requirements of the part or not is consulted, and whether the part surface scratches affect the quality of the part or not is further determined;
meanwhile, according to the quality requirement of the part, the comparison scratch meeting the minimum quality requirement is selected from the comparison scratches and compared with the surface scratch of the part, if the comparison scratches meet the quality requirement, the surface scratch of the part does not affect the quality of the part, and otherwise, the quality of the part is affected.
Referring to fig. 3, as an alternative embodiment of the present invention, a method for manufacturing the device for detecting a scratch on the surface of a part according to embodiments 1 and 2 is disclosed, and the embodiment will be described by taking a specific detection process of a certain type of part as an example, and includes the following steps:
s1, defining quantitative detection parameters allowed by scratches on the surface of a part;
determining the types of parts suitable for the detection device, and then determining the minimum quality standard of the scratch width and the depth of the surface of the part, namely quantitative detection parameters according to the technical standards or technical specification files of all detected parts, wherein the quantitative detection parameters comprise a reference width W and a reference depth H;
in the embodiment, according to the technical specification file, scratches with the width less than or equal to 0.10mm and the depth less than or equal to 0.10mm are allowed to exist on the surface scratches of the part, namely, the reference width W =0.10 and the reference depth H =0.10 in the quantitative detection parameters;
s2, calculating the scribing parameters of the comparison scratches according to the quantitative detection parameters;
(1) Respectively determining the scratch width deviation delta w and the scratch depth deviation delta h of the comparison scratch;
determining the scratch width deviation delta W and the scratch depth deviation delta H of each comparison scratch according to the technical specification file of the detected part, and determining the maximum value n of the number of the defect samples increased on two sides of the scratch reference width W and the maximum value m of the number of the defect samples increased on two sides of the scratch reference depth H according to actual needs;
in the present embodiment, according to the specification document, Δ w =0.05 and Δ h =0.05 are determined, and n =2,m =2 is determined;
(2) Calculating the scratch width alpha of each comparison scratch according to the scratch width deviation delta w n And all the scratch widths alpha are adjusted n Is collected to a scratch width collection A n ；
Parameters Δ w =0.05, n =2 determined according to the above steps, combined with the scratch width α n Is calculated by
Corresponding numerical values are calculated, and in the embodiment, alpha can be obtained according to the calculation formula 0 ＝0.10，α 1 ＝0.15，α 2 =0.05; establishing scratch width set A at the same time n ＝{α 0 ,α 1 ,α 2 }；
As can be seen from the above formula, in the calculated scratch width set, α 0 As a reference, α 1 And alpha 2 On either side of a reference, a 0 Represents the upper limit value, alpha, of the acceptable scratch width of the product 1 Represent and alpha 0 Is close to and ratio alpha 0 Small scratch width, alpha 2 Represent and alpha 0 Is close to and ratio alpha 0 Big scratch width partially, the benefit of this kind of mode of arranging lies in, all is provided with the contrast mar in the both sides of benchmark simultaneously, and the difference contrast between the contrast mar is more directly perceived, and the user can judge the scratch width that product surface actually produced more accurately when visual inspection scratch width is than alpha 0 Whether large or small.
(3) Calculating the scratch depth delta of each contrast scratch according to the scratch depth deviation delta h m (ii) a And all scratch depths delta m Aggregate to scratch depth aggregate B m ；
Parameters Δ h =0.05 and m =2 determined according to the above procedure, combined with the scratch depth δ m The corresponding value is calculated by the calculation formula (c), and in the present embodiment, δ can be obtained from the calculation formula 0 ＝0.10，δ 1 ＝0.15，δ 2 =0.05; simultaneously establishing a scratch depth set B m ＝{δ 0 ,δ 1 ,δ 2 }；
(4) According to the width alpha of the scratch n And the scratch depth delta m Calculating the scribing parameters of the comparison scratches;
calculating formula C = (alpha) from the scoring parameters of the comparison scratch n ,δ m ) It can be seen that the scratch widths in step (2) need to be collected as a n Set of scratch depths B in (1) and (3) m Performing permutation and combination to obtain all scribing parameters, in this embodiment, the scribing widths in step (2) are respectively collected into a set A n Scratch depth set B in (1) and (3) m Put into the following table to obtainThe respective scoring parameters:
as can be seen from the above table, the scoring parameters are (0.10), (0.15,0.10), (0.05,0.10), (0.10,0.15), (0.15), (0.05,0.15), (0.10,0.05), (0.15,0.05), (0.05);
the invention provides a more scientific and effective comparison and judgment method based on the traditional visual inspection of surface defects, in particular to a group of scratch defect sets which are combined by different scratch widths/depths and reasonably arranged. (alpha 0 ,δ 0 ) Represents the acceptable scratch width/depth upper limit value of the product, passing through alpha n And delta m The calculation method provided by the two groups of formulas can be accurately positioned at (alpha) 0 ,δ 0 ) A series of scratch defect combinations are evenly arranged on two sides, and the ratio (alpha) is provided 0 ,δ 0 ) A larger/smaller scratch sample size helps the inspector create a sensory impression of different scratch combinations during use.
S3, designing and manufacturing a plurality of scratch pressure heads according to the scratching parameters, wherein each scratch pressure head corresponds to each corresponding scratching mark;
according to actual needs, the conical head is selected to be the shape of the scratch pressure head, and the conicity of the conical head is respectively calculated according to the following formula:
and (5) respectively substituting the scribing parameters in the step (4) into the formula to obtain the taper tables of all the scribing indenters as follows:
designing each scratch pressure head according to the taper angle, selecting a 30CrMnSiNi2A high-strength steel bar material as a raw material, and processing the scratch pressure head with the taper in a numerical control turning mode;
through the method, the related parameters of the comparison scratch are connected with the scratch pressure head, so that the comparison scratch meeting the requirements can be accurately scribed through the scratch pressure head, the blindness of the scribing of the comparison scratch is reduced, and the scribing precision of the comparison scratch is improved.
S4, according to the scribing parameters of the comparison scratches, scribing the comparison scratches on the comparison device by using the scratch pressure heads corresponding to the comparison scratches;
because the scratch pressure head adopts 30CrMnSiNi2A high-strength steel, and the detection block or the detection piece adopts organic glass, the scratch pressure head can scratch and generate corresponding scratches, when in operation, if the scratch pressure head with the number of 1 is selected, the scratch pressure head is arranged on a numerical control machine tool or other equipment, and meanwhile, (0.10) is used as a technical index, the operation equipment scratches on the detection block or the detection piece;
s5, repeating the step of scribing the comparison scratches on the comparison device by using the scratch pressure heads corresponding to the comparison scratches according to the scribing parameters of the comparison scratches until all the comparison scratches are scribed on the comparison device, and detecting each comparison scratch;
and (4) repeating the related operations in the step (S4) to finish the scribing of all the comparison scratches, then sending the comparison device finishing the scribing of the scratches to related units, respectively detecting each comparison scratch according to the division parameters in the step (S3), and if all the comparison scratches are qualified, judging that the comparison detection device is qualified.
Since the scratch width and depth cannot be accurately quantified through visual determination, advanced measuring instruments such as a profiler or an optical scanning device are used in some enterprises to quantify the scratch width and depth, but this often causes the problems of increasing the equipment investment cost, reducing the measuring efficiency, increasing the manufacturing cycle, and the like, especially when each product is operated in this way.
The method helps inspectors to quickly judge the approximate value range of the width or depth of the scratch on the surface of the product in a visual or touch comparison mode so as to support the inspectors to judge whether the scratch on the surface of the part exceeds the tolerance range, thus reducing the investment and frequent use of expensive digital measuring instruments, and using the measuring instruments only when the visual comparison is difficult to judge, the first slave equipment cost reduction can bring positive effects, the second slave equipment cost reduction also brings positive effects on shortening the inspection time and improving the inspection efficiency, the third slave blocks are convenient to carry and more beneficial to field use, and the fourth slave blocks are lower in training cost for users compared with the digital measuring instruments.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application, and not intended to limit the scope of the present application, and all modifications of equivalent structures and equivalent processes, which are made by the contents of the specification and the drawings of the present application, or which are directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present application.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides a manufacturing method of part surface scratch contrast detection device, a serial communication port, detection device includes contrast device, the comparison device goes up the etching has at least one contrast mar (1), each the contrast mar corresponds each detection grade respectively, at least one contrast mar (1) are used for comparing with part surface scratch to judge whether qualified part surface scratch;
the manufacturing method of the part surface scratch contrast detection device comprises the following steps:
defining quantitative detection parameters allowed by the scratches on the surface of the part; the quantitative detection parameters comprise a reference width W and a reference depth H;
respectively determining the scratch width deviation delta w and the scratch depth deviation delta h of the comparison scratch;
calculating the scratch width alpha of each comparison scratch according to the scratch width deviation delta w n And all the scratch widths alpha are adjusted n Is collected to a scratch width collection A n (ii) a The scratch width set A n Is expressed as { alpha 0 ,α 1 ,....,α n }；α n The expression of (c) is:
wherein n represents the maximum value of the number of defect samples increased on both sides of the scratch reference width W;
calculating the scratch depth delta of each contrast scratch according to the scratch depth deviation delta h m (ii) a And all scratch depths delta m Aggregate to scratch depth aggregate B m (ii) a The scratch depth set B m Is expressed as { delta 0 ,δ 1 ,....,δ m }；δ m The expression of (a) is:
according to the scratch width alpha n And said scratch depth δ m Calculating the scribing parameters of the comparison scratches;
designing and manufacturing a plurality of scratch pressure heads according to the scratching parameters, wherein each scratch pressure head corresponds to each corresponding scratch;
according to the scoring parameter of the comparison scratch, the scratch pressure head corresponding to the comparison scratch is used for scoring the comparison scratch on the comparison device.
2. The manufacturing method of the part surface scratch contrast detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that the contrast device comprises a detection block (2), at least one contrast scratch (1) is scribed on the surface of the detection block (2), and each contrast scratch (1) corresponds to each detection grade.
3. The method for manufacturing a device for detecting and comparing surface scratches of a component according to claim 1, wherein the comparing device comprises a plurality of detecting sheets (3), at least one comparing scratch (1) is scribed on each detecting sheet (3), and each comparing scratch (1) corresponds to each detecting grade.
4. The method for manufacturing the device for detecting the scratch on the surface of a part according to claim 3, wherein each detecting piece (3) is rotatably connected to the same connecting shaft (4).
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the scribing parameters of the comparison scratch are calculated according to the following formula: c = (α) n ,δ m )。
6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step of designing and manufacturing a plurality of scribing indenters, each of which corresponds to each of the comparison scribes, the scribing indenters have a conical structure, and the taper angle of the scribing indenters is calculated according to the following formula:
where i represents the number of the scoring indenter. />
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| CN203824476U (en) * | 2014-05-12 | 2014-09-10 | 天津市思维奇工程检测技术有限公司 | Film measuring ruler |
| CN104457478A (en) * | 2014-11-04 | 2015-03-25 | 华晨汽车集团控股有限公司 | Testing tool special for coating body defects |
| CN208140307U (en) * | 2018-02-05 | 2018-11-23 | 重庆古力涂装设备有限公司 | A kind of piston ring detection clearance gauge |
| CN209446492U (en) * | 2018-10-17 | 2019-09-27 | 信义玻璃(天津)有限公司 | Portable glass defect comparison card |
| CN110672619B (en) * | 2019-09-30 | 2024-03-01 | 广东电网有限责任公司广州供电局 | GIS running-in product comparison block, comparison device and application of comparison device |
| CN111536850A (en) * | 2020-05-15 | 2020-08-14 | 成都飞机工业（集团）有限责任公司 | Sample plate for rapidly detecting surface defects of parts |
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