CN114262809A - Aluminum alloy refining method - Google Patents
Aluminum alloy refining method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114262809A CN114262809A CN202111036814.7A CN202111036814A CN114262809A CN 114262809 A CN114262809 A CN 114262809A CN 202111036814 A CN202111036814 A CN 202111036814A CN 114262809 A CN114262809 A CN 114262809A
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- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 33
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002341 toxic gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011017 operating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N scandium atom Chemical compound [Sc] SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 scandium-aluminum Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an aluminum alloy refining method, which comprises the following operation steps: s1: charging: loading a pre-cast alloy ingot and high-quality foundry returns into the preheated furnace, adding alloy elements and adding twice of Si; the mass percentage of Si is 8-10%; the mass percentage of Mn is 0.2-0.5%; the mass ratio of Mg is 0.17-0.3; the mass percentage of Al is 91-95%; s2: temperature control: strictly controlling the temperature of aluminum alloy smelting; s3: refining: pressing C2CL6 into 2/3 part of the melt surface by a bell jar in batches at 700-720 ℃, uniformly and slowly rotating clockwise, and carrying out impurities and gas in the melt when the C2CL6 fully reacts; the dosage of C2CL6 is 0.5-0.7% of the mass of the furnace burden; melting in a resistance furnace, and refining for less than 10 min. The device has the advantages that the device is kept stable, the phenomenon of violent churning is avoided, the mixing of oxygen and the absorption of water vapor are avoided, the aggregation of fine impurities in a molten pool is further promoted, the generation of toxic gas is also avoided, the working environment is greatly improved, the harm to the environment is reduced, and the device is more environment-friendly.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aluminum alloy preparation, in particular to an aluminum alloy refining method.
Background
The traditional preparation process of the aluminum alloy is a blending method, and mainly adopts metal aluminum and a metal simple substance or high-content aluminum intermediate alloy as raw materials to carry out high-temperature melting and matching. However, certain metals such as scandium and scandium-aluminum alloy are high in price and are difficult to dissolve and segregate in the melting process; with the increasing price of energy, the problems of high cost, high energy consumption, long time, low efficiency, unstable quality and the like of the melt-blending method become more prominent.
The existing aluminum alloy refining step has the serious problems that the aluminum liquid can not be effectively prevented from boiling in the preparation process, the surface of the heated aluminum liquid is stable, impurities in a molten pool can not be effectively gathered, the toxic gas can also be generated to overflow, and due to the right proportion, a second-phase intermetallic compound can not be generated in the solution, and the strength and the heat resistance of the aluminum alloy can be influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide preparation of an aluminum intermediate alloy, and solves the problems that in the preparation process, the aluminum liquid can not be effectively prevented from overturning, the surface of the heated aluminum liquid is stable, impurities in a molten pool can not be effectively gathered, toxic gas can also be generated to overflow, and a second-phase intermetallic compound can not be generated in a solution due to right proportion, so that the strength and the heat resistance of the aluminum alloy can be influenced.
The invention adopts a modified technical scheme to solve the technical defects, and the aluminum alloy refining method comprises the following operation steps:
s1: charging: loading a pre-cast alloy ingot and high-quality foundry returns into the preheated furnace, adding alloy elements and adding twice of Si; the mass percentage of Si is 8-10%; the mass percentage of Mn is 0.2-0.5%; the mass ratio of Mg is 0.17-0.3; the mass percentage of Al is 91-95%;
s2: temperature control: the temperature for smelting the aluminum alloy is strictly controlled, and high-quality alloy liquid can be obtained only at proper temperature, so that overheating is avoided. If the temperature is too high, the oxidation and burning loss of various elements in the alloy are increased, and the change of chemical components in the alloy is caused. If the temperature is too low, the chemical components of the alloy are not uniform, oxidized impurities, gas and the like in the alloy are not easy to discharge, the physical and chemical properties of the alloy are reduced, and the casting performance is influenced;
s3: refining: pressing C2CL6 into 2/3 part of the melt surface by a bell jar in batches at 700-720 ℃, uniformly and slowly rotating clockwise, and carrying out impurities and gas in the melt when the C2CL6 fully reacts; the dosage of C2CL6 is 0.5-0.7% of the mass of the furnace burden; melting in a resistance furnace, and refining for less than 10 min; the stirring speed is slow, if the stirring frequency is too high, the C2CL6 reacts violently in the molten aluminum, the molten liquid rolls over continuously, and magnesium in the molten liquid is in large contact with oxygen to generate combustion, so that the burning loss is increased, and the magnesium amount is reduced rapidly;
s4: deslagging: when C2CL6 is used for full refining, the bell jar is taken out, the residual oxide is cleaned, and the impurities on the surface of the molten liquid are fished out by a slag removing spoon; when the temperature is 680-700 ℃, filling Mg into a bell jar, pressing the Mg into the bottom rhyme in the furnace at the lower part of the melt, and standing for 3-5 min; when Mg is completely melted in the molten liquid, slowly stirring clockwise to uniformly distribute the Mg in the alloy; the rolled melt cannot break through the liquid level so as to prevent Mg from floating on the liquid level to generate oxidation combustion and reduce the actual content of Mg, and the whole operation process needs to be careful and stable;
s5: modification: when the sodium-based quaternary alterant is used, the dosage is generally about 2.5% of the mass ratio of the furnace burden, and the furnace is preheated for 5-10 min at the furnace edge to volatilize the absorbed water vapor completely; when the alloy temperature reaches 720-740 ℃, pressing the alterant into the alloy liquid surface, gradually melting to generate an alteration effect, and then standing; the whole operation time is 8-12 min; in the casting process, slag of the alterant is not required to be taken out, the alterant is only required to be pushed aside, and the alloy liquid is scooped for casting, so that the modification effect is ensured all the time;
s6: pouring: pouring is carried out immediately 4-10 min after the alloy is subjected to modification treatment, and the pouring temperature is generally required to be 730-745 ℃; when the temperature is more than 750 ℃, the oxidation of aluminum is accelerated, and the burning loss of magnesium is accelerated, so the pouring temperature is strictly controlled, and the temperature is controlled between 740 and 750 ℃ when the pouring is started according to the production characteristics of the casting.
As a preferred embodiment of the invention, the medium-frequency induction furnace is adopted for smelting, the medium-frequency generator set is started, and the medium-frequency furnace is preheated to about 500 ℃.
As a preferred embodiment of the invention, after the furnace burden is completely melted, the temperature is raised to 680-700 ℃, the magnesium block is pressed into the aluminum liquid by a bell jar, and the mixture is slowly stirred to be completely melted.
As a preferred embodiment of the invention, after the magnesium blocks are completely melted, the temperature is continuously raised to 710-720 ℃, the covering agent is removed, C2CL6 accounting for about 0.7 percent of the total mass of the furnace burden is added, the C2CL6 is uniformly mixed with N2SiF6 in a ratio of 3:2, and the mixture is refined and degassed by aluminum foil wrapping.
As a preferred embodiment of the invention, after refining, the just fished covering agent and a small amount of calcium are uniformly scattered, kept for 3-5 min and pressed into molten aluminum by a press ladle.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, after the slag skimming operation is finished, the molten aluminum is subjected to static treatment while heating or natural cooling operation is carried out according to the temperature in the furnace, and the static time is generally controlled to be 20 to 30 minutes.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, during the refining operation, the operator can freely control the flow rates of the carrier gas and the refining agent by the gas pressure gauge and the number of revolutions of the powder feeder. Therefore, the rolling degree of the aluminum liquid is controlled, secondary pollution is reduced as far as possible, the refining time is controlled to be 10-15 minutes, and two times of refining are adopted if necessary.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, scum is skimmed off, and a sample is taken for fracture inspection; if the fracture is clean, flat and compact in crystallization, the alloy is qualified for smelting, the aluminum alloy is easy to oxidize, and when the intermediate frequency furnace is used for smelting, the smelting time is long, and the temperature in front of the furnace needs to be strictly controlled.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: the stability is kept, the violent churning phenomenon is avoided, the mixing of oxygen and the absorption of water vapor are avoided, and the generation of oxide impurities and the secondary dissolution of hydrogen are reduced; compared with flux purification, the amount of formed slag is small, and in the refining process, the graphite nozzle performs rotary injection in the deep part of the molten aluminum, so that on one hand, the gathering of fine impurities in a molten pool is promoted, on the other hand, no toxic gas is generated on the surface of the molten aluminum all the time, the working environment is greatly improved, the harm to the environment is reduced, and the environment is more environment-friendly.
When the amount of the alloy elements added into the aluminum liquid exceeds the limit solubility, a part of second phases which cannot be dissolved into the solid solution appear during the heating of the solution treatment, and hard and brittle intermetallic compounds are generated, which obstruct the dislocation motion in the alloy, strengthen the alloy, and further effectively improve the strength and the heat resistance of the aluminum alloy.
Detailed Description
The aluminum alloy refining method is characterized by comprising the following operation steps:
s1: charging: loading a pre-cast alloy ingot and high-quality foundry returns into the preheated furnace, adding alloy elements and adding twice of Si; the mass percentage of Si is 8-10%; the mass percentage of Mn is 0.2-0.5%; the mass ratio of Mg is 0.17-0.3; the mass percentage of Al is 91-95%;
s2: temperature control: the temperature for smelting the aluminum alloy is strictly controlled, and high-quality alloy liquid can be obtained only at proper temperature, so that overheating is avoided. If the temperature is too high, the oxidation and burning loss of various elements in the alloy are increased, and the change of chemical components in the alloy is caused. If the temperature is too low, the chemical components of the alloy are not uniform, oxidized impurities, gas and the like in the alloy are not easy to discharge, the physical and chemical properties of the alloy are reduced, and the casting performance is influenced;
s3: refining: pressing C2CL6 into 2/3 part of the melt surface by a bell jar in batches at 700-720 ℃, uniformly and slowly rotating clockwise, and carrying out impurities and gas in the melt when the C2CL6 fully reacts; the dosage of C2CL6 is 0.5-0.7% of the mass of the furnace burden; melting in a resistance furnace, and refining for less than 10 min; the stirring speed is slow, if the stirring frequency is too high, the C2CL6 reacts violently in the molten aluminum, the molten liquid rolls over continuously, and magnesium in the molten liquid is in large contact with oxygen to generate combustion, so that the burning loss is increased, and the magnesium amount is reduced rapidly;
s4: deslagging: when C2CL6 is used for full refining, the bell jar is taken out, the residual oxide is cleaned, and the impurities on the surface of the molten liquid are fished out by a slag removing spoon; when the temperature is 680-700 ℃, filling Mg into a bell jar, pressing the Mg into the bottom rhyme in the furnace at the lower part of the melt, and standing for 3-5 min; when Mg is completely melted in the molten liquid, slowly stirring clockwise to uniformly distribute the Mg in the alloy; the rolled melt cannot break through the liquid level so as to prevent Mg from floating on the liquid level to generate oxidation combustion and reduce the actual content of Mg, and the whole operation process needs to be careful and stable;
s5: modification: when the sodium-based quaternary alterant is used, the dosage is generally about 2.5% of the mass ratio of the furnace burden, and the furnace is preheated for 5-10 min at the furnace edge to volatilize the absorbed water vapor completely; when the alloy temperature reaches 720-740 ℃, pressing the alterant into the alloy liquid surface, gradually melting to generate an alteration effect, and then standing; the whole operation time is 8-12 min; in the casting process, slag of the alterant is not required to be taken out, the alterant is only required to be pushed aside, and the alloy liquid is scooped for casting, so that the modification effect is ensured all the time;
s6: pouring: pouring is carried out immediately 4-10 min after the alloy is subjected to modification treatment, and the pouring temperature is generally required to be 730-745 ℃; when the temperature is more than 750 ℃, the oxidation of aluminum is accelerated, and the burning loss of magnesium is accelerated, so the pouring temperature is strictly controlled, and the temperature is controlled between 740 and 750 ℃ when the pouring is started according to the production characteristics of the casting.
Smelting in a medium-frequency induction furnace, starting a medium-frequency generator set, and preheating the medium-frequency furnace to about 500 ℃.
After the furnace burden is completely melted, heating to 680-700 ℃, pressing the magnesium block into the aluminum liquid by using a bell jar, and slowly stirring to completely melt the magnesium block.
After the magnesium blocks are completely melted, the temperature is continuously increased to 710-720 ℃, the covering agent is removed, C2CL6 accounting for about 0.7 percent of the total mass of the furnace burden is added, the C2CL6 and N2SiF6 are uniformly mixed according to the proportion of 3:2, and the furnace burden is refined and degassed by aluminum foil wrapping.
And after refining, uniformly spraying the just fished covering agent and a small amount of calcium, keeping for 3-5 min, and pressing into molten aluminum by using a press ladle.
And after the slag skimming operation is finished, heating or naturally cooling operation is carried out according to the temperature in the furnace, and meanwhile, the aluminum liquid is subjected to standing treatment, wherein the standing time is generally controlled to be 20-30 minutes.
During the refining operation, the operator can freely control the flow rates of the carrier gas and the refining agent by the gas pressure gauge and the number of revolutions of the powder feeder. Therefore, the rolling degree of the aluminum liquid is controlled, secondary pollution is reduced as far as possible, the refining time is controlled to be 10-15 minutes, and two times of refining are adopted if necessary.
Skimming the scum, sampling and carrying out fracture inspection; if the fracture is clean, flat and compact in crystallization, the alloy is qualified for smelting, the aluminum alloy is easy to oxidize, and when the intermediate frequency furnace is used for smelting, the smelting time is long, and the temperature in front of the furnace needs to be strictly controlled
Example 1
Do two sets of preparation contrast data, a set of graphite nozzle that uses keeps aluminium liquid level steady in the rotatory jetting of aluminium liquid depths, does not tumble, and another group uses graphite nozzle at the rotatory jetting of aluminium liquid depths, keeps aluminium liquid level to tumble, and the preparation is accomplished the back and is measured the volume of sediment volume in aluminium liquid, the molten bath impurity and the volume of toxic gas's the volume of overflowing, and the operating procedure is as follows:
s1: charging: loading a pre-cast alloy ingot and high-quality foundry returns into the preheated furnace, adding alloy elements and adding twice of Si; the mass percentage of Si is 8-10%; the mass percentage of Mn is 0.2-0.5%; the mass ratio of Mg is 0.17-0.3; the mass percentage of Al is 91-95%;
s2: temperature control: strictly controlling the temperature of aluminum alloy smelting;
s3: refining: pressing C2CL6 into 2/3 part of the melt surface by a bell jar in batches at 700-720 ℃, uniformly and slowly rotating clockwise, and carrying out impurities and gas in the melt when the C2CL6 fully reacts; the dosage of C2CL6 is 0.5-0.7% of the mass of the furnace burden; melting in a resistance furnace, and refining for less than 10 min;
s4: deslagging: when C2CL6 is used for full refining, the bell jar is taken out, the residual oxide is cleaned, and the impurities on the surface of the molten liquid are fished out by a slag removing spoon; when the temperature is 680-700 ℃, filling Mg into a bell jar, pressing the Mg into the bottom rhyme in the furnace at the lower part of the melt, and standing for 3-5 min; when Mg is completely melted in the molten liquid, slowly stirring clockwise to uniformly distribute the Mg in the alloy;
s5: modification: when the sodium-based quaternary alterant is used, the dosage is generally about 2.5% of the mass ratio of the furnace burden, and the furnace is preheated for 5-10 min at the furnace edge to volatilize the absorbed water vapor completely; when the alloy temperature reaches 720-740 ℃, pressing the alterant into the alloy liquid surface, gradually melting to generate an alteration effect, and then standing; the whole operation time is 8-12 min;
s6: pouring: pouring is carried out immediately 4-10 min after the alloy is subjected to modification treatment, and the pouring temperature is generally required to be 730-745 ℃.
Example 2
Preparing two groups of comparative data, wherein the components in one group are prepared according to the prepared standard proportion; the alloy elements of the other group are two times higher than the standard proportion, the strength and the heat resistance of the alloy are detected after the preparation is finished, and the operation steps are as follows:
s1: charging: loading a pre-cast alloy ingot and high-quality foundry returns into the preheated furnace, adding alloy elements and adding twice of Si; the mass percentage of Si is 8-10%; the mass percentage of Mn is 0.2-0.5%; the mass ratio of Mg is 0.17-0.3; the mass percentage of Al is 91-95%;
s2: temperature control: strictly controlling the temperature of aluminum alloy smelting;
s3: refining: pressing C2CL6 into 2/3 part of the melt surface by a bell jar in batches at 700-720 ℃, uniformly and slowly rotating clockwise, and carrying out impurities and gas in the melt when the C2CL6 fully reacts; the dosage of C2CL6 is 0.5-0.7% of the mass of the furnace burden; melting in a resistance furnace, and refining for less than 10 min;
s4: deslagging: when C2CL6 is used for full refining, the bell jar is taken out, the residual oxide is cleaned, and the impurities on the surface of the molten liquid are fished out by a slag removing spoon; when the temperature is 680-700 ℃, filling Mg into a bell jar, pressing the Mg into the bottom rhyme in the furnace at the lower part of the melt, and standing for 3-5 min; when Mg is completely melted in the molten liquid, slowly stirring clockwise to uniformly distribute the Mg in the alloy;
s5: modification: when the sodium-based quaternary alterant is used, the dosage is generally about 2.5% of the mass ratio of the furnace burden, and the furnace is preheated for 5-10 min at the furnace edge to volatilize the absorbed water vapor completely; when the alloy temperature reaches 720-740 ℃, pressing the alterant into the alloy liquid surface, gradually melting to generate an alteration effect, and then standing; the whole operation time is 8-12 min;
s6: pouring: pouring is carried out immediately 4-10 min after the alloy is subjected to modification treatment, and the pouring temperature is generally required to be 730-745 ℃.
According to the finished aluminum alloy products prepared in examples 1-2, the following table was obtained:
in summary, the final data comparison between the two subgroups in each example is shown, and in example 1, the data of one subgroup is better than that of two subgroups, while in example 2, the data of two subgroups is better than that of one subgroup, so that the overall performance of the aluminum alloy can be obviously improved.
While there have been shown and described what are at present considered the fundamental principles and essential features of the invention and its advantages, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing exemplary embodiments, but is capable of other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.
Claims (8)
1. The aluminum alloy refining method is characterized by comprising the following operation steps:
s1: charging: loading a pre-cast alloy ingot and high-quality foundry returns into the preheated furnace, adding alloy elements and adding twice of Si; the mass percentage of Si is 8-10%; the mass percentage of Mn is 0.2-0.5%; the mass ratio of Mg is 0.17-0.3; the mass percentage of Al is 91-95%;
s2: temperature control: strictly controlling the temperature of aluminum alloy smelting;
s3: refining: pressing C2CL6 into 2/3 part of the melt surface by a bell jar in batches at 700-720 ℃, uniformly and slowly rotating clockwise, and carrying out impurities and gas in the melt when the C2CL6 fully reacts; the dosage of C2CL6 is 0.5-0.7% of the mass of the furnace burden; melting in a resistance furnace, and refining for less than 10 min;
s4: deslagging: when C2CL6 is used for full refining, the bell jar is taken out, the residual oxide is cleaned, and the impurities on the surface of the molten liquid are fished out by a slag removing spoon; when the temperature is 680-700 ℃, filling Mg into a bell jar, pressing the Mg into the bottom rhyme in the furnace at the lower part of the melt, and standing for 3-5 min; when Mg is completely melted in the molten liquid, slowly stirring clockwise to uniformly distribute the Mg in the alloy;
s5: modification: when the sodium-based quaternary alterant is used, the dosage is generally about 2.5% of the mass ratio of the furnace burden, and the furnace is preheated for 5-10 min at the furnace edge to volatilize the absorbed water vapor completely; when the alloy temperature reaches 720-740 ℃, pressing the alterant into the alloy liquid surface, gradually melting to generate an alteration effect, and then standing; the whole operation time is 8-12 min;
s6: pouring: pouring is carried out immediately 4-10 min after the alloy is subjected to modification treatment, and the pouring temperature is generally required to be 730-745 ℃.
2. A method of refining an aluminum alloy as recited in claim 1, wherein: smelting in a medium-frequency induction furnace, starting a medium-frequency generator set, and preheating the medium-frequency furnace to about 500 ℃.
3. A method of refining an aluminum alloy as recited in claim 1, wherein: after the furnace burden is completely melted, heating to 680-700 ℃, pressing the magnesium block into the aluminum liquid by using a bell jar, and slowly stirring to completely melt the magnesium block.
4. A method of refining an aluminum alloy as recited in claim 1, wherein: after the magnesium blocks are completely melted, the temperature is continuously increased to 710-720 ℃, the covering agent is removed, C2CL6 accounting for about 0.7 percent of the total mass of the furnace burden is added, the C2CL6 and N2SiF6 are uniformly mixed according to the proportion of 3:2, and the furnace burden is refined and degassed by aluminum foil wrapping.
5. A method of refining an aluminum alloy as recited in claim 1, wherein: and after refining, uniformly spraying the just fished covering agent and a small amount of calcium, keeping for 3-5 min, and pressing into molten aluminum by using a press ladle.
6. A method of refining an aluminum alloy as recited in claim 1, wherein: and after the slag skimming operation is finished, heating or naturally cooling operation is carried out according to the temperature in the furnace, and meanwhile, the aluminum liquid is subjected to standing treatment, wherein the standing time is generally controlled to be 20-30 minutes.
7. A method of refining an aluminum alloy as recited in claim 1, wherein: during the refining operation, the operator can freely control the flow rates of the carrier gas and the refining agent by the gas pressure gauge and the number of revolutions of the powder feeder.
8. A method of refining an aluminum alloy as recited in claim 1, wherein: skimming the scum, and sampling to perform fracture inspection.
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