CN114262459A - 颜色可变塑料 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开一种颜色可变塑料,该颜色可变塑料在施加电压时变色速率提高,并且可通过喷涂方法应用于各种结构。该颜色可变塑料包括:第一电极层,具有导电性;变色层,设置在第一电极层上以覆盖第一电极层的上表面和侧表面,并包含根据是否施加电压而变色的材料;以及第二电极层,具有导电性,并设置在变色层上以覆盖变色层的上表面和侧表面。
Description
技术领域
本公开涉及一种颜色可变塑料,其颜色根据是否施加电压而变化。
背景技术
近来,在诸如家用电器或移动设备的各个领域中,色彩营销的重要性正在增加。特别地,汽车工业也需要色彩营销以实现色彩的高级化和差异化。
因此,尝试使用电致变色以获得高质量的彩色图像。电致变色(electrochromism)是指在电极材料中发生电化学氧化还原反应时发生可逆的颜色变化的现象。电致变色的原理如下:当将Li+或H+和电子注入作为代表性的还原性着色材料的WO3中时,执行电致变色操作以被着色,并且当Li+或H+和电子被释放时,获得透明状态。相反,在诸如MnO或LiO的氧化着色材料的情况下,当Li+或H+和电子被释放时,获得着色状态,并且当Li+或H+和电子被注入时,获得透明状态。换言之,根据现有技术,由玻璃基板-透明电极-还原着色材料(WO3)-电解质(Li+,H+)-氧化着色材料(NiO)-透明电极-玻璃基板制成堆叠结构,然后密封该堆叠结构以形成电致变色器件。
传统的电致变色器件的问题在于,难以应用各种基板材料,并且当将电致变色器件应用于具有变形表面的材料时,不可能制造和形成材料。
在以上背景技术部分中公开的信息是为了帮助理解本公开的背景技术,并且不应被认为是承认该信息构成任何现有技术。
发明内容
因此,本公开旨在解决现有技术中出现的上述问题,并且本公开的目的是提供一种颜色可变塑料,该颜色可变塑料在施加电压时变色速率提高并且可通过喷涂方法应用于各种结构。
为了实现本公开的目的,一种颜色可变塑料包括:第一电极层,具有导电性;变色层,设置在第一电极层上以覆盖第一电极层的上表面和侧表面,并包含根据是否施加电压而变色的材料;第二电极层,具有导电性,并设置在变色层上以覆盖变色层的上表面和侧表面,其中,变色层与第一电极层和第二电极层的接触表面沿着变色层的上表面、下表面和侧表面延伸,从而当施加电压时变色速率增加。
第一电极层和第二电极层中的每一个可以包含银纳米线(Silver Nanowire)和聚苯乙烯磺酸盐(Polystyrene Sulfonate)的复合物。
第一电极层和第二电极层中的每一个可以包含作为交联剂添加到复合物中的二乙烯基砜(divinyl sulfone,DVS)。
变色层可以包含八正己基紫精取代的多面体低聚倍半硅氧烷(octa-hexylviologen substituted polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane,OHV-POSS)。
变色层可以进一步包含具有PVDF-HFP的离子介质。
透明的透明涂层可以设置在第二电极层上以覆盖第一电极层、变色层和第二电极层。
可以在第一电极层下方进一步包括光催化层。
第一电极层、变色层和第二电极层可以联接到塑料基板的上表面。
具有上述构造的颜色可变塑料在施加电压时变色速率提高并且可通过喷涂方法应用于各种结构。
附图说明
当结合附图时,从以下具体实施方式,将更清楚地理解本公开的上述和其它目的、特征以及其它优点,其中:
图1和图2是示出根据本公开的一个示例性实施例的颜色可变塑料的示图;
图3是示出图1所示的颜色可变塑料的另一示例性实施例的示图;以及
图4、图5和图6是示出本公开的技术效果的示图。
具体实施方式
在下文中,将参照附图描述根据本公开的优选实施例的颜色可变塑料。
图1和图2是示出根据本公开的一个示例性实施例的颜色可变塑料的示图,图3是示出图1所示的颜色可变塑料的另一示例性实施例的示图,以及图4、图5和图6是示出本公开的技术效果的示图。
如图1所示,根据本公开的一个示例性实施例的颜色可变塑料包括:第一电极层10,具有导电性;变色层20,设置在第一电极层10上以覆盖第一电极层10的上表面和侧表面。变色层20包含根据是否施加电压而变色的材料。颜色可变塑料进一步包括:第二电极层30,具有导电性,并设置在变色层20上以覆盖变色层20的上表面和侧表面。
第一电极层10、变色层20和第二电极层30可以联接到塑料基板50的上表面。换言之,根据本公开的一个示例性实施例,由于第一电极层10、变色层20和第二电极层30可以以喷涂法涂覆,因此它们可以联接到塑料基板50上,并且可以在塑料基板50上实现颜色的改变。因此,当将其应用于车辆时,车辆外部的颜色可以改变,从而实现设计的高级化并提高适销性。尽管本文描述了第一电极层10、变色层20和第二电极层30堆叠在塑料基板50上,但是它们可以应用于各种材料的基板上。
每层的上表面可以指在远离塑料基板50的堆叠方向上面向上的表面,并且每层的下表面可以指与相应上表面相对的表面。每一层的侧表面可以指将相应的上表面连接到相应的下表面的表面。
在此,第一电极层10和第二电极层30包括透明电极,使得可以从外部看到变色层20的颜色变化。换言之,在第一电极层10和第二电极层30之间施加电压以控制变色层20的导电性,从而改变变色层20的颜色。
特别地,本公开的第一电极层10、变色层20和第二电极层30形成堆叠结构,以确保一层与另一层的接触表面以在施加电压时使变色层20迅速反应。换言之,变色层20设置在第一电极层10上以覆盖第一电极层10的上表面和侧表面,并且第二电极层30设置在变色层20上以覆盖变色层20的上表面和侧表面。因此,如图2所示,当通过第一电极层10和第二电极层30施加电压时,电压被施加到变色层20的上表面、下表面和侧表面,从而通过变色层20的电致变色材料增加了变色速率。
这样,变色层20与第一电极层10和第二电极层30的接触表面沿着上表面、下表面和侧表面延伸,从而当施加电压时变色速率增加,因此由于颜色设计的快速变化而提高适销性。
在下文中,将详细描述根据本公开的一个示例性实施例的第一电极层10、第二电极层30和变色层20。
第一电极层10和第二电极层30中的每一个可以由银纳米线(Silver Nanowire)和聚苯乙烯磺酸盐(PEDOT:PSS)的复合物制成。因此,第一电极层10和第二电极层30中的每一个具有80%以上的透射率。此外,在第一电极层10和第二电极层30中,作为有机导电聚合物材料的聚苯乙烯磺酸盐(Polystyrene Sulfonate)填充银纳米线之间的间隙,从而改善了整体均匀性和导电性。
第一电极层10和第二电极层30中的每一个可以包含作为交联剂添加到复合物中的二乙烯基砜(divinyl sulfone,DVS)。通过将二乙烯基砜加到银纳米线和聚苯乙烯磺酸盐的复合物中,由于聚苯乙烯磺酸盐和二乙烯基砜之间的反应,形成了独立的导电膜。因此,第一电极层10和第二电极层30的稳定性提高,保持导电性,并且机械性能提高。此外,第一电极层10和第二电极层30可以通过喷涂法制造,并且将二乙烯基砜作为交联剂添加到由银纳米线和聚苯乙烯磺酸盐组成的杂化复合材料中,从而喷涂性能非常好。
根据本公开的一个示例性实施例,变色层20可以包含八正己基紫精取代的多面体低聚倍半硅氧烷(octa-hexyl viologen substituted polyhedral oligomericsilsesquioxane,OHV-POSS)。换言之,变色层20是通过将诸如POSS的无机材料和诸如紫精(Viologen)的有机材料组合而产生的有机和无机杂化材料,并且可以通过用一到八个单位的作为电致变色材料的单己基紫精(monohexyl-viologen)取代反应性官能团来产生。通过这种过程生产的八正己基紫精取代的多面体低聚倍半硅氧烷(OHV-POSS)可以迅速变色,即使在低电压下也可以驱动,并且可以实现鲜艳的颜色。
变色层20可以进一步包含由PVDF-HFP组成的离子介质。离子介质是包含双(三氟甲烷磺酰基)酰亚胺锂(lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide,LiTFSI)、缩水甘油基多面体低聚倍半硅氧烷(glycidyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane,glycidyl POSS)和聚(偏二氟乙烯-共六氟丙烯)(poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene),PVDF-HFP)的溶液,喷涂性优异,并且是可热固化的。这样,由于离子介质包含glycidyl POSS和电解质LiTFSI,因此可以以喷涂法涂覆离子介质。当将这样的离子介质添加到变色层20中时,容易通过喷涂方法将变色层20形成为膜层。根据基板的材料和尺寸,上述变色层20和离子介质可以形成单层或多层。
根据本公开的一个示例性实施例,透明的透明涂层设置在第二电极层30上以覆盖第一电极层10、变色层20和第二电极层30。换言之,透明涂层可以包含可光固化或可热固化并且表面硬度优异的丙烯酸基组合物,并且被设置为覆盖第一电极层10、变色层20和第二电极层30以从外部保护第一电极层10、变色层20和第二电极层30。这样的透明涂层可以以喷涂法涂覆到外部,并且是透明的以允许从外部观察变色层20的颜色变化。此外,即使将其应用于具有变形表面的基板上,也可以保持堆叠状态,从而防止第一电极层10、变色层20和第二电极层30的性能劣化。
此外,可以在第一电极层10下方进一步包括光催化层40。光催化层40可以包含TiO2,并且可以通过光催化层40提高氧化还原反应速率以提高颜色变化速率。
将进一步描述本公开的颜色变化。图4示出进行颜色改变的示例。颜色通过电致变色材料在层之间的移动而改变。换言之,诸如PVDF-HFP的聚合物基质位于上部位置以形成膜(青色)。在它们之间,放置包含Si的变色材料(品红(magenta)色)和包含TFSI的离子电解质(黄色),并且来自透明涂层和电极层的一些Ag(绿色)可以留在上部位置。这样,可以看出,当施加电压时,电致变色材料在层之间移动,并且通过施加电力并通过氧化还原反应来触发颜色的改变。
从而,如图5所示,可以看出颜色根据是否通电而变化。变色层20可以通过改变POSS-紫精混合衍生物的化学结构来实现各种颜色。换言之,可以根据电极的组成和类型来调整颜色。
此外,如图6所示,当通过施加电压增加变色的次数时,根据本公开的以上示例性实施例的颜色可变塑料的电致变色材料的变色水平相对不大,从而表现出优异的可重复性并保持颜色。换言之,假设每单位面积的离子电荷量减少的数量的倒数是器件面积,则颜色变化次数对器件面积的影响很小。
如上所述,根据本公开的一个示例性实施例,第一电极层10、变色层20和第二电极层30通过喷涂法堆叠,从而可以将它们应用于玻璃或薄膜基板以及稍微粗糙的表面、弯曲的表面或变形的结构。此外,由于通过涂覆方法形成单独的膜,因此不需要单独的基板,并且本公开可以广泛地应用于各种结构。此外,由于第一电极层10、变色层20和第二电极层30的堆叠结构和特性,提高了颜色变化速率并确保了耐久性。
尽管参考附图中示出的特定实施例描述了本公开,但是对于本领域技术人员显而易见的是,在不脱离在所附权利要求书中描述的本公开的范围的情况下,可以以各种方式对本公开进行改变和修改。
Claims (8)
1.一种颜色可变塑料,包括:
第一电极层,具有导电性;
变色层,设置在所述第一电极层上以覆盖所述第一电极层的上表面和侧表面,并包含根据是否施加电压而变色的材料;以及
第二电极层,具有导电性,并设置在所述变色层上以覆盖所述变色层的上表面和侧表面,
其中,所述变色层与所述第一电极层和所述第二电极层的接触表面沿着所述变色层的上表面、下表面和侧表面延伸,从而当施加电压时变色速率增加。
2.根据权利要求1所述的颜色可变塑料,其中,
所述第一电极层和所述第二电极层中的每一个包含银纳米线和聚苯乙烯磺酸盐的复合物。
3.根据权利要求2所述的颜色可变塑料,其中,
所述第一电极层和所述第二电极层中的每一个包含作为交联剂添加到所述复合物中的二乙烯基砜即DVS。
4.根据权利要求1所述的颜色可变塑料,其中,
所述变色层包含八正己基紫精取代的多面体低聚倍半硅氧烷即OHV-POSS。
5.根据权利要求1所述的颜色可变塑料,其中,
所述变色层进一步包含具有PVDF-HFP的离子介质。
6.根据权利要求1所述的颜色可变塑料,其中,
透明的透明涂层设置在所述第二电极层上以覆盖所述第一电极层、所述变色层和所述第二电极层。
7.根据权利要求1所述的颜色可变塑料,其中,
在所述第一电极层下方进一步包括光催化层。
8.根据权利要求1所述的颜色可变塑料,其中,
所述第一电极层、所述变色层和所述第二电极层联接到塑料基板的上表面。
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