CN114261954A - Preparation method of lithium vanadium fluorophosphate/carbon cathode material - Google Patents

Preparation method of lithium vanadium fluorophosphate/carbon cathode material Download PDF

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CN114261954A
CN114261954A CN202111578383.7A CN202111578383A CN114261954A CN 114261954 A CN114261954 A CN 114261954A CN 202111578383 A CN202111578383 A CN 202111578383A CN 114261954 A CN114261954 A CN 114261954A
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cathode material
sol
lithium vanadium
carbon cathode
vanadium fluorophosphate
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弓景耀
李建龙
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Bolu Tiancheng New Energy Technology Co ltd
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Bolu Tiancheng New Energy Technology Co ltd
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Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of battery materials, and provides a preparation method of a lithium vanadium fluorophosphate/carbon cathode material, which comprises the following steps: s1, mixing V2O5The powder is melted and then water quenched to obtain V2O5Sol; s2 at V2O5Adding LiF and NH into the sol4H2PO4After uniform dispersion, adding a carbon source and an additional fluorine source, and continuously stirring until the mixture is uniform to obtain an S2 mixture; and S3, drying and grinding the S2 mixture, and calcining at high temperature to obtain the product. Through the technical scheme, the problems of impurity phase and poor charge and discharge performance of the material in the prior art are solved.

Description

Preparation method of lithium vanadium fluorophosphate/carbon cathode material
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of battery materials, in particular to a preparation method of a lithium vanadium fluorophosphate/carbon cathode material.
Background
With the increasing demand for battery performance, the energy density and safety of the conventional lithium ion secondary battery system are also increasingly deficient. In the field of electric automobiles, news reports about spontaneous combustion phenomenon, insufficient endurance mileage, performance attenuation, high price and the like of a power battery serving as a core component are frequently available. Vanadium lithium fluorophosphate (LiVPO) as 4V-grade lithium ion battery anode material4F)The lithium ion battery anode material meets a series of requirements of stable structure, high voltage, large capacity, capability of realizing rapid charge and discharge and the like required by a power battery anode material. LiVPO4The theoretical energy density of F reaches 655 Wh-kg-1Higher than LiFePO4About 10 percent, and the thermal stability and the electrochemical stability of the catalyst are better than that of LiFePO4Is a substitute for LiFePO4Is preferred.
However, since the fluorine-containing compound is unstable and volatile at high temperature, the carbothermal reduction reaction occurs at high temperature heat treatment to prepare LiVPO4Li is easily generated in the process of F3V2(PO4)3And the like, which affects the charge-discharge platform characteristics of the material, causes the first charge-discharge efficiency of the active substance to be lower, and reduces the specific capacity of the material.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a preparation method of a lithium vanadium fluorophosphate/carbon cathode material, which solves the problems of impurity phase and poor charge and discharge performance of the materials in the related art.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a preparation method of a lithium vanadium fluorophosphate/carbon cathode material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, mixing V2O5The powder is melted and then water quenched to obtain V2O5Sol;
s2 at V2O5Adding LiF and NH into the sol4H2PO4After uniform dispersion, adding a carbon source and an additional fluorine source, and continuously stirring until the mixture is uniform to obtain an S2 mixture;
and S3, drying and grinding the S2 mixture, and calcining at high temperature to obtain the product.
As a further technical solution, the specific operation of step S1 is:
will V2O5Heating the powder to 750-950 ℃, preserving the heat until the powder is completely melted, and melting the V2O5Adding water, stirring at constant temperature, and removing residue to obtain V2O5And (3) sol.
As a further technical solutionV is2O5The mass concentration of the sol is 3-6%.
As a further technical solution, in the step S2, LiF and VO are used5Sol and NH4H2PO4The molar ratio of (A) to (B) is 1-1.08: 1: 1, the usage amount of the carbon source and the additional fluorine source is LiF and VO5Sol and NH4H2PO4The total mass of the three components is 1-2 times.
As a further technical solution, in the step S2, LiF and V2O5Sol and NH4H2PO4The molar ratio of (a) to (b) is 1.02-1.06: 1: 1, the usage amount of the carbon source and the extra fluorine source is LiF and VO5Sol and NH4H2PO4The total mass of the three components is 1-1.2 times.
As a further technical scheme, in the step S2, the carbon source is one or more of oxalic acid, glucose, sucrose, citric acid, soluble starch, polyethylene glycol, and stearic acid.
As a further technical solution, in the step S2, the carbon source is oxalic acid.
As a further technical solution, in the step S2, the additional fluorine source is soluble NH4F. One or more of PTFE and PVDF.
As a further technical solution, in the step S2, the additional fluorine source is PVDF.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1、LiVPO4the key point of F material preparation lies in synthesizing LiVPO with single crystal form and low oxygen defect concentration4F/C host material. Formation of LiVPO in a Heat treatment4In the process of F, the volatilization of F element is the main cause of the defect, so that the F element must be additionally compensated in the precursor, and the heat treatment system and the environment are optimized. In order to ensure the sufficient dispersion of substances in a final mixed system and the micro-nano structure of the substances, the V obtained by using a water quenching method is used in the invention2O5Sol-gel system, soluble NH4F. Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) are used as additional fluorine sources to compensate F elementThe invention finds that other fluorine sources cannot play a good synergistic effect with other components of the invention, and the performance of the obtained cathode material is inferior to that of the fluorine source in the invention.
2. V obtained by water quenching method2O5The sol-gel system makes the final product LiVPO4F is in the size of a micro-nano structure. Additional fluorine source NH4F. PTFE, PVDF and the like compensate F loss in the one-step carbothermic reduction process, so that the crystal form of the active material is single, and the impurity content is greatly reduced.
Drawings
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Fig. 1 is an XRD spectrum of the cathode material of example 1 of the present invention;
fig. 2 is an XRD spectrum of the cathode material of comparative example 2;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing specific charge/discharge capacity in example 1 of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a graph of specific charge/discharge capacity of comparative example 2.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any inventive step, are intended to be within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Weighing analytically pure V2O5The powder was poured into a porcelain crucible. Placing the ceramic crucible into a muffle furnace, slowly heating to 800 ℃, and preserving heat until V is achieved2O5The powder was completely melted. The molten V2O5Adding into a beaker filled with distilled water, quenching with water, placing in a constant temperature heating magnetic stirrer, stirring, cooling to room temperature, stopping stirring, and removing residue to obtain V2O5Sol, determination of V in the sol by gravimetric method2O5Mass fraction of (A) for use, V2O5The mass concentration of the sol was 5%. Weighing LiF (lithium source + fluorine source) 0.35g and NH respectively according to stoichiometric ratio4H2PO4(phosphorus Source) 1.35g and V2O521.37g of sol, after the sol is uniformly dispersed, 2.21g of oxalic acid and 0.81g of PVDF are added, and the mixture is continuously ground and stirred until the mixture is uniform. Grinding the mixture into powder after the mixture is completely dried in a drying box, and calcining the powder for 3 hours at 750 ℃ in a high-temperature tube furnace with inert atmosphere to obtain LiVPO4F/C as final product.
Example 2
V was obtained in the same manner as in example 12O5The mass concentration of the sol was 3%. Weighing LiF (lithium source + fluorine source) 0.35g and NH respectively according to stoichiometric ratio4H2PO4(phosphorus Source) 1.35g and V2O535.63g of sol, after the sol is uniformly dispersed, 2.21g of oxalic acid and 0.71g of PTEF are added, and the mixture is continuously ground and stirred until the mixture is uniform. Grinding the mixture into powder after the mixture is completely dried in a drying box, and calcining the powder in a high-temperature tube furnace with inert atmosphere at 750 ℃ for 2 hours to obtain LiVPO4F/C as final product.
Comparative example 1
The procedure was the same as in example 1 except that PVDF was not added as compared with example 1.
Comparative example 2
Will V2O5、LiF,NH4H2PO4And oxalic acid, weighing 1.08g, 0.36g, 1.35g and 2.20g according to the stoichiometric ratio respectively, adding 10mL of ethanol, mixing, performing planetary ball milling for 10 hours, taking out, drying and crushing, putting the powder into a high-temperature tube furnace with inert atmosphere, and calcining to obtain LiVPO4F/C active product.
Comparative example 3
Will V2O5、LiF,NH4H2PO4Respectively weighing 1.07g, 0.35g, 1.36g, 2.20g and 0.82g of oxalic acid and PVDF according to the stoichiometric ratio, adding 10mL of mixed planet ball mill for 10h, taking out, drying and crushing, putting the powder into a high-temperature tube furnace with inert atmosphere for calcining to obtain LiVPO4F/C active product.
Examples of the experiments
1. Phase detection: x-ray powder diffraction techniques;
2. and (3) detecting the electrochemical performance: first coulombic efficiency, capacity performance and rate performance.
LiVPO obtained in examples 1 and 2 and comparative examples 1 to 34The F/C active product is assembled into a lithium ion battery, a metal lithium sheet is taken as a negative electrode, a polypropylene porous membrane Celgard2400 is taken as a diaphragm, and 1mol/L LiPF is used6The mixed solution of Ethylene Carbonate (EC), Ethyl Methyl Carbonate (EMC) and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) (EC: EMC: DMC volume ratio is 1: 1: 1) is used as electrolyte, a button cell (CR2032) is assembled in an argon glove box, and the charge and discharge test is carried out on a Xinwei CT-4008 tester after the mixture is kept still for 24 hours. And a constant-current-constant-voltage charging and constant-current discharging mode is adopted, and the voltage testing range is 2.5-4.5V. The test results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 test results of examples and comparative examples
Detecting the index Example 1 Example 2 Comparative example 1 Comparative example 2 Comparative example 3
Crystalline phase material LiVPO4F LiVPO4F LiVPO4F+Li3V2(PO4)3 LiVPO4F+Li3V2(PO4)3 LiVPO4F
First coulombic efficiency 93% 94% 82% 85% 83%
0.1C specific capacity 138 136 120 117 122
Specific capacity of 10C 110 105 100 80 91
LiVPO prepared according to the preparation method of the embodiment of the invention4The lithium ion battery formed by the F/C active material has the charge-discharge performance far superior to that of a comparative example and high coulombic efficiency. Comparative example 1 in which an additional fluorine source was not supplemented, hetero-phase Li was generated in the active material3V2(PO4)3The charge and discharge performance is affected. In comparative example 2, the 10C specific capacity of the active material prepared by the planetary ball milling method is far lower than that of the active material prepared by the lithium ion batteryEmbodiments of the invention. In comparative example 3, although an additional fluorine source was supplemented, the performance of the lithium ion battery prepared from the active material prepared by the planetary ball milling method was not as good as that of the present invention.
The present invention is not limited to the above preferred embodiments, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. A preparation method of a lithium vanadium fluorophosphate/carbon cathode material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, mixing V2O5The powder is melted and then water quenched to obtain V2O5Sol;
s2 at V2O5Adding LiF and NH into the sol4H2PO4After uniform dispersion, adding a carbon source and an additional fluorine source, and continuously stirring until the mixture is uniform to obtain an S2 mixture;
and S3, drying and grinding the S2 mixture, and calcining at high temperature to obtain the product.
2. The method for preparing a lithium vanadium fluorophosphate/carbon cathode material according to claim 1, wherein the specific operation of the step S1 is as follows:
will V2O5Heating the powder to 750-950 ℃, preserving the heat until the powder is completely melted, and melting the V2O5Adding water, stirring at constant temperature, and removing residue to obtain V2O5And (3) sol.
3. The method for preparing a lithium vanadium fluorophosphate/carbon cathode material according to claim 2, wherein V is2O5The mass concentration of the sol is 2-6%.
4. The method for preparing a lithium vanadium fluorophosphate/carbon cathode material according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, LiF, VO5Sol and NH4H2PO4The molar ratio of (A) to (B) is 1-1.08: 1: 1, the usage amount of the carbon source and the additional fluorine source is LiF and VO5Sol and NH4H2PO4The total mass of the three components is 1-2 times.
5. The method for preparing a lithium vanadium fluorophosphate/carbon cathode material according to claim 1, wherein in the step S2, the carbon source is one or more of oxalic acid, glucose, sucrose, citric acid, soluble starch, polyethylene glycol and stearic acid.
6. The method for preparing a lithium vanadium fluorophosphate/carbon cathode material according to claim 5, wherein in the step S2, the carbon source is oxalic acid.
7. The method for preparing a lithium vanadium fluorophosphate/carbon cathode material according to claim 1, wherein in the step S2, the additional fluorine source is soluble NH4F. One or more of PTFE and PVDF.
8. The method for preparing a lithium vanadium fluorophosphate/carbon cathode material according to claim 7, wherein in the step S2, the additional fluorine source is PVDF.
CN202111578383.7A 2021-12-22 2021-12-22 Preparation method of lithium vanadium fluorophosphate/carbon cathode material Pending CN114261954A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115000355A (en) * 2022-06-06 2022-09-02 中汽创智科技有限公司 Three-dimensional metal lithium-oxide composite negative electrode, and preparation method and application thereof

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1803593A (en) * 2005-12-19 2006-07-19 南开大学 Method for preparing anode material vanadium lithium fluorinated phosphate of lithium ion secondary battery
CN112573501A (en) * 2019-09-29 2021-03-30 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 Carbon-coated LiVPO4F positive electrode material and preparation and application thereof

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1803593A (en) * 2005-12-19 2006-07-19 南开大学 Method for preparing anode material vanadium lithium fluorinated phosphate of lithium ion secondary battery
CN112573501A (en) * 2019-09-29 2021-03-30 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 Carbon-coated LiVPO4F positive electrode material and preparation and application thereof

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
李玉宝等: "《纳米材料研究与应用》", 31 January 2005, 电子科技大学出版社 *

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115000355A (en) * 2022-06-06 2022-09-02 中汽创智科技有限公司 Three-dimensional metal lithium-oxide composite negative electrode, and preparation method and application thereof
CN115000355B (en) * 2022-06-06 2024-01-30 中汽创智科技有限公司 Three-dimensional metal lithium-oxide composite negative electrode, preparation method and application thereof

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