CN114253005A - Three-dimensional multi-viewpoint display device and manufacturing method - Google Patents
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B30/00—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images
- G02B30/20—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes
- G02B30/26—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the autostereoscopic type
- G02B30/30—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the autostereoscopic type involving parallax barriers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B30/00—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images
- G02B30/20—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes
- G02B30/34—Stereoscopes providing a stereoscopic pair of separated images corresponding to parallactically displaced views of the same object, e.g. 3D slide viewers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/18—Diffraction gratings
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
Abstract
A three-dimensional multi-viewpoint display device and a manufacturing method thereof are disclosed, the three-dimensional multi-viewpoint display device sequentially comprises a display screen, a three-dimensional multi-viewpoint display grating and a multi-viewpoint three-dimensional window along the light direction, the three-dimensional multi-viewpoint display grating is composed of a first layer of steering grating and a second layer of pixel grating, and the steering grating is an inclined grating, a blazed grating or a continuous gray grating; the pixel grating corresponds to each pixel on the display screen, and diffracts red, green and blue light emitted by each pixel of the display screen to a multi-view area of the multi-view three-dimensional window, so that three-dimensional multi-view display is realized. The three-dimensional multi-view display double-layer grating can be produced and copied in a large scale, can be widely used in the field of three-dimensional display screens, and is a core key technology with important prospects in the field of three-dimensional display screens.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a three-dimensional display grating, in particular to a three-dimensional multi-view display device and a manufacturing method thereof, and particularly relates to a three-dimensional multi-view display device which is formed by combining a steering grating and a pixel grating, can be used as a means of three-dimensional display, is applied to three-dimensional display of various screens, including mobile phone screens, computer screens and other various display screens, and realizes the effect of multi-view three-dimensional display.
Background
Three-dimensional display is always the goal of modern science and technology pursuit, and particularly, the three-dimensional display effect can be generated by adopting mobile phones, computers, televisions and large display screens, so that the three-dimensional display is a promising important direction.
The current mobile phone screen, computer screen and the like are two-dimensional display, and a three-dimensional display screen, especially a high-resolution screen with 4K and 8K resolutions, is likely to be developed in the future, so that a possibility is provided for three-dimensional display.
Holographic three-dimensional display is an optical technology, but an optical interference technology is needed, the pixel resolution required by the optical interference reaches the wavelength order, and the size of the pixel of the mobile phone is far larger than the display wavelength, so that the holographic three-dimensional display technology is realized through a mobile phone or a computer screen and the like, and is not practical at present.
The technical scheme of adopting a micro-cylinder Lens array (lenticulars Lens) is a possible realization way for realizing three-dimensional display, and the three-dimensional identity card (patent number: 201210253349.7) is invented by the technical scheme. The technical scheme has the advantages of simple structure, easy realization, suitability for displaying static objects such as identity cards and the like, but only two viewpoints are provided, and the method is not suitable for three-dimensional display of dynamic objects.
The polarization coding is adopted, the three-dimensional display is also a possible technical approach, the technical scheme is usually adopted for the three-dimensional film at present, but polarized glasses are needed to be worn by the technology, and the three-dimensional display is inconvenient to watch in daily life and large-scale popularization.
The multi-view three-dimensional display is adopted, each pixel point of the screen is projected to different view point positions, the three-dimensional display is realized through different view points, and particularly, the multi-view three-dimensional display has a prospect along with the popularization of a high-resolution mobile phone screen.
The problem is that each point on the mobile phone screen projects to different viewpoints, gratings with different densities are needed, the grating density is continuously changed from very low linear density to grating density over thousands of lines, the grating is difficult to achieve high efficiency, polarization independence and broadband, requirements of red, green and blue light of screen pixel points can be met, if blazed gratings or gratings with continuous gray level change are made, the processing process is difficult to accurately control, and the processed continuous gratings are guaranteed to have good performance.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a three-dimensional multi-view display device and a manufacturing method thereof, which utilize double-layer gratings to realize high-efficiency polarization-independent three-dimensional display. The double-layer grating structure is adopted, the problems of broadband, polarization independence and high-efficiency diffraction are solved ingeniously, and the method has an important application prospect.
The two-layer grating includes a steering grating and a pixel grating. The first layer of grating is a steering grating, and aims to deflect small-angle emitted light from a screen and reduce zero-order diffraction light of the small-angle emitted light so as to reduce interference on three-dimensional display in a window, and negative first-order diffraction light reaches the maximum value; the second layer of pixel grating diffracts the negative first-order diffracted light of the first layer into a desired multi-view window to realize the effect of three-dimensional multi-view display.
The technical solution of the invention is as follows:
a three-dimensional multi-viewpoint display device is characterized by comprising a display screen and a three-dimensional multi-viewpoint display grating in turn along the light direction, wherein the three-dimensional multi-viewpoint display grating is composed of a first layer of steering grating and a second layer of pixel grating, the steering grating deflects the emitted light from each pixel of the display screen, the light intensity of zero-order diffracted light is reduced, and the light intensity of negative-first-order diffracted light is increased; the pixel grating diffracts the negative first-order diffracted light to a multi-view area of the multi-view three-dimensional window, so that three-dimensional multi-view display is realized.
The display screen is a mobile phone screen, a computer screen, a tablet computer screen, a television screen or any other type of display screen.
The turning grating can be an inclined grating with different distribution structures through grating design, including the optimized film layer and the grating pitch d1Opening ratio f1Grid groove h1Grating inclination angle theta1The light beam steering performance of high efficiency and polarization independence and simultaneously diffracting the red, green and blue three primary colors of the screen pixel to the negative level with high efficiency is realized.
The steering grating can also be a blazed grating which has an optimized grating groove shape through the design of the grating, and comprises an optimized film layer and a grating pitch d1Opening ratio f1Grid groove h1Light, lightGrid dip angle theta1The light beam steering performance of high efficiency and polarization independence and simultaneously diffracting the red, green and blue three primary colors of the screen pixel to the negative level with high efficiency is realized. .
The steering grating can also be a continuous gray grating which has an optimized gray distribution groove shape through grating design, comprises an optimized film layer, gray distribution and depth, and realizes high diffraction efficiency, broadband and polarization-independent beam steering.
The pixel grating has a specific structure through grating design, under the condition of different grating aperture ratios, different grating diffraction efficiencies are provided for different grating groove depths, so that broadband and polarization-independent light beams are diffracted to a multi-view-angle area, and a three-dimensional multi-view-angle display effect is realized.
The method for manufacturing the three-dimensional multi-view display device comprises the following steps: the steering grating and the pixel grating are obtained by exposure of a laser direct writing system or exposure of a laser holographic double-beam interference system, and can also be obtained by exposure of a direct writing mask of an electron beam system and development and etching.
The invention realizes high-efficiency polarization-independent three-dimensional display by using the double-layer grating. The two-layer grating includes a first layer of steering grating and a second layer of pixel grating. The first layer of grating is a steering grating, and aims to deflect small-angle emitted light from a screen and reduce zero-order diffraction light of the small-angle emitted light so as to reduce interference on three-dimensional display in a window, and negative first-order diffraction light reaches the maximum value; the second layer of pixel grating diffracts the negative first-order diffracted light of the first layer into a desired multi-view window to realize the effect of three-dimensional multi-view display. The invention can diffract each pixel on the plane of the display screen to the multi-viewpoint three-dimensional window, thereby realizing that the light beam irrelevant to the broadband and the polarization is diffracted to the multi-viewpoint area and realizing the three-dimensional multi-viewpoint display effect.
The three-dimensional multi-view display double-layer grating has high combined diffraction efficiency and no relation to polarization, can be produced and copied in large scale, can be widely used in the field of three-dimensional display screens, and is a core key technology with important prospect in the field of three-dimensional display screens.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional multi-view display device according to the present invention for realizing three-dimensional display.
Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of one possible embodiment of a steering grating.
Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of one possible embodiment of a pixel grating.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples, which should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional multi-view display device for realizing three-dimensional display, and it can be seen from the diagram that the three-dimensional multi-view display device of the present invention sequentially comprises a display screen 1, a three-dimensional multi-view display grating and a multi-view three-dimensional window 4 along a light direction, wherein the three-dimensional multi-view display grating comprises a first layer of turning grating 2 and a second layer of pixel grating 3, and the turning grating 2 is an inclined grating, a blazed grating or a continuous gray grating; the pixel grating 3 corresponds to each pixel on the display screen 1, diffracts red, green and blue light emitted by each pixel of the display screen 1 to a multi-view area of the multi-view three-dimensional window 4, and realizes three-dimensional multi-view display.
The display screen 1 is a mobile phone screen, a computer screen, a tablet computer screen, a television screen, or any other type of display screen.
The steering grating 2 is an inclined grating with different distribution structures through grating design, and comprises an optimized film layer and a grating pitch d1Opening ratio f1Grid groove h1Grating inclination angle theta1The light beam steering performance of high efficiency and polarization independence and simultaneously diffracting the red, green and blue three primary colors of the screen pixel to the negative level with high efficiency is realized.
The steering grating 2 is a blazed grating which has an optimized grating groove shape through the grating design and comprises an optimized film layer and a grating pitch d1Opening ratio f1Grid groove h1Grating inclination angle theta1Realizing high efficiency,The polarization is irrelevant, and the broadband and high efficiency diffraction of the red, green and blue three primary colors of the screen pixel is carried out to the negative level of light beam steering performance.
The steering grating 2 is a continuous gray grating which has an optimized gray distribution groove shape through grating design, comprises an optimized film layer, gray distribution and depth, and realizes high diffraction efficiency, broadband and polarization-independent beam steering.
The pixel grating 3 has a specific structure through grating design, and under the condition of different grating aperture ratios, different grating diffraction efficiencies are provided for different grating groove depths, so that broadband and polarization-independent light beams are diffracted to a multi-view-angle area, and a three-dimensional multi-view-angle display effect is realized.
In the manufacturing method of the three-dimensional multi-viewpoint display device, the steering grating 2 and the pixel grating 3 are obtained by exposure of a laser direct writing system or exposure of a laser holographic double-beam interference system, and can also be obtained by exposure of a direct writing mask of an electron beam system and development and etching.
The three-dimensional multi-view display device is formed by connecting a display screen and a three-dimensional multi-view display grating together in a combined manner, so that a multi-view three-dimensional display effect is generated.
As shown in fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional multi-view display device according to the present invention for realizing three-dimensional display. 1 is a display screen which can be a mobile phone screen, a computer screen, a television screen or other types of display screens; 2 is a steering grating, which aims to deflect the small-angle emitted light emitted by the display screen by an angle in the negative first-order direction; the pixel grating 3 is used for reversely diffracting the negative first-order diffraction light of the steering grating into the multi-view window 4 to realize the three-dimensional display effect. And 4, the multi-view three-dimensional window, and light emitted from the display screen 1 finally reaches the multi-view three-dimensional window 4 after passing through the steering grating 2 and the pixel grating 3. 5 is the light emitted by the display screen 1; 6 is the oblique light after passing through the turning grating 2; and 7 is a light ray projected to the multi-viewpoint three-dimensional window 4 after passing through the pixel grating 3.
The three-dimensional multi-viewpoint display grating is formed by combining a steering grating 2 and a pixel grating 3, wherein the steering grating 2 can be an inclined grating, a blazed grating or a continuous gray-scale grating; the pixel grating 3 corresponds to each pixel on the display screen, red, green and blue light emitted by each pixel of the display screen is diffracted to the multi-viewpoint display area, and the three-dimensional display effect is achieved.
One possible embodiment of the turning grating of FIG. 2 is shown in FIG. 2, for example, with an optimized grating pitch d1In the range of 400nm to 2000nm, and an opening ratio f1In the range of 0.1-0.9, gate trench h1Grating tilt angle theta within a few microns1The angle can be any angle, the optimization range is 5-40 degrees, and high efficiency and polarization independence are realized, and meanwhile, the high efficiency diffraction of the red, green and blue three primary colors of the screen pixel to the negative level is realized. Wherein the opening ratio f1Defined as the ratio of grating groove width to period, not identified in the figure. Light 5 from the screen passes through the turning grating and is diffracted into light 6 in the negative first order.
The steering grating 2 can be an inclined grating which can have different distribution structures, such as an optimized film layer, an optimized grating opening ratio and a grating groove depth, so as to realize high diffraction efficiency and have polarization-independent performance; broadband, polarization independent beam steering can be achieved through grating design. For example, the turning grating may be a tilted grating, and the tilted grating may have an optimized grating groove shape, such as an optimized base film layer 201, a base 202, and a grating tilt angle θ1Opening ratio f1Grating groove depth h1The grating film layer 203 realizes high diffraction efficiency and has polarization-independent performance; broadband, polarization independent beam steering can be achieved through grating design. A substrate film layer 201 (or a high-efficiency coupling layer between a matched screen pixel and a turning grating), and a grating film layer 203 (or a high-efficiency coupling layer between a matched turning grating and a pixel grating), which aim to have high transmittance, for example, higher than 95%, for red, green and blue light emitted by the screen pixel; grating inclination angle theta1The diffraction efficiency of the negative first-order diffraction grating of the light emitted by the screen pixel is high, and the zero-order light and the positive first-order light are weak; depth h of grating groove1At the table corresponding to red, green and blueWithin one wavelength; the grating design and fabrication aims to achieve high polarization independent diffraction efficiency while having a high signal-to-noise ratio, i.e. low zero and positive first order diffracted light.
The steering grating 2 can be a continuous gray grating which can have an optimized gray distribution groove, for example, an optimized film layer, gray distribution and depth can realize high diffraction efficiency and have polarization-independent performance; broadband, polarization independent beam steering can be achieved through grating design. The purpose of the film layers 201, 203 is to have high transmittance, for example, higher than 95%, for the red, green and blue light emitted by the screen pixel; the depth of the grating groove is within a plurality of wavelengths corresponding to red, green and blue; the design and fabrication of the grating aims to achieve high polarization independent diffraction efficiency.
Referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of one possible embodiment of the pixel grating 3. By optimizing the continuously varying grating pitch d2Opening ratio f2Grating groove depth h2The method realizes high-efficiency polarization independence and simultaneously diffracts the broadband high-efficiency of red, green and blue three primary colors of the screen pixel into the multi-viewpoint window. Wherein the opening ratio f2Defined as the ratio of grating groove width to period, not identified in the figure. The light 6 passing through the steering grating passes through the pixel grating and is diffracted into light 7, which is projected to the window 4. The pixel grating 3 may have a specific distribution structure, optimized base film layer 301, base 302, grating inclination angle θ2Opening ratio f2Grating groove depth h2The grating film layer 303, at different grating opening ratio f2In the case of different grating groove depths h2Different grating diffraction efficiencies are provided, and red, green and blue lights emitted by each pixel of the display screen 1 can be diffracted to a multi-view area of the multi-view three-dimensional window 4 through the grating design, so that three-dimensional multi-view display is realized. The optimized base film layer 301 has a transmittance higher than 95%; grating inclination angle theta2The angle is any angle, and the optimization range is 5-40 degrees; opening ratio f2The optimized range is 0.1-0.9, and the grating groove depth h2The optimized range is within a few microns, the transmittance of the grating film layer 303 is higher than 95%, and the aperture ratio f of different gratings is within the range of2In the case of different grating groove depths h2There are different grating diffraction efficiencies, and the optimized diffraction efficiency can be in the range of 60% -100%. The three-dimensional multi-view display device is formed by combining a display screen and a three-dimensional display double-layer grating, and after the combination is completed, each pixel on the display screen can be diffracted into different views, so that the three-dimensional multi-view display effect is realized.
The three-dimensional multi-view double-layer display device is a novel three-dimensional display device, and has the advantages that high-efficiency diffraction is realized by skillfully utilizing double-layer gratings, the interference of the zero-order light of the previous single-layer grating to signals in a window is eliminated, and the requirement of three-dimensional multi-view display is met. For example, the requirement of diffracting screen light to a multi-view window can be realized by adopting volume hologram, but the requirements of high broadband efficiency, continuously adjustable diffraction angle and the like are often difficult to realize by using volume hologram materials, and the long-term stability and the consistency of mass production of the volume hologram materials are difficult to guarantee. The adoption of a single-layer continuous gray scale, a continuously variable density grating or a blazed continuous deflection angle grating also faces the difficulties that the consistency of processing is irrelevant to high efficiency and polarization, and the continuous variable diffraction angle and the like are met.
The invention skillfully utilizes the numerical optimization structure of the double-layer grating to solve the problems. The numerical optimization structure of the double-layer grating is determined by performing numerical optimization on the first layer of inclined grating and the second layer of pixel grating through a computer, the performance of each layer of grating can be known in advance through optimization, and bandwidth, polarization independence, efficiency, deflection angle and the like of three primary colors are corrected and compensated through optimization of the grating structure, so that the expected requirement of three-dimensional multi-view display is met. The method provides an unprecedented tool for realizing three-dimensional multi-view display, thereby realizing the numerical value controllable diffraction function and becoming a revolutionary realization technical means in the field of three-dimensional display.
The invention can be applied to all kinds of flat display screens, realizes the three-dimensional display function and plays an irreplaceable important role in the field of three-dimensional display.
Claims (8)
1. A three-dimensional multi-viewpoint display device is characterized by comprising a display screen (1) and a three-dimensional multi-viewpoint display grating in sequence along the light direction, wherein the three-dimensional multi-viewpoint display grating is composed of a first layer of steering grating (2) and a second layer of pixel grating (3), the steering grating (2) deflects the emitted light from each pixel of the display screen (1), the light intensity of zero-order diffracted light is reduced, and the light intensity of negative-first-order diffracted light is increased; the pixel grating (3) diffracts the negative first-order diffracted light to a multi-view angle area of the multi-view point three-dimensional window (4) to realize three-dimensional multi-view point display.
2. The three-dimensional multi-view display device according to claim 1, wherein the display screen (1) is a screen with display function, including a mobile phone screen, a computer screen, a tablet computer screen, or a television screen.
3. The three-dimensional multi-view display device according to claim 1, characterised in that said turning grating (2) is a tilted grating, a blazed grating or a continuous grey-scale grating.
4. The three-dimensional multi-view display device according to claim 3, wherein the tilted gratings have different distribution structures by grating design, including optimized film layer (or transition material for matching the screen emitting pixels), grating pitch d1Opening ratio f1Grid groove h1Grating inclination angle theta1The broadband high-efficiency light beam steering performance of diffracting the red, green and blue three primary colors of the screen pixel to the negative level is realized with high efficiency and no relation to polarization.
5. The three-dimensional multi-view display device according to claim 3, wherein the blazed grating is designed to have an optimized grating groove shape by a grating, and comprises an optimized film layer and a grating pitch d1Opening ratio f1Grid groove h1Grating inclination angle theta1Realizing high efficiency and polarization freeAnd meanwhile, the broadband high-efficiency diffraction of the red, green and blue three primary colors of the screen pixel to the negative level of light beam steering performance.
6. The three-dimensional multi-view display device according to claim 3, wherein the continuous gray-scale grating is designed to have an optimized gray-scale distribution groove profile including optimized film layer, gray-scale distribution and depth to achieve high diffraction efficiency, broadband and polarization-independent beam steering.
7. The three-dimensional multi-view display device according to claim 1, wherein the pixel grating (3) has different grating diffraction efficiencies due to the grating design under different grating aperture ratios and different grating groove depths, so as to realize broadband polarization-independent light beam diffraction to the multi-view area and realize the three-dimensional multi-view display effect.
8. A manufacturing method of a three-dimensional multi-viewpoint display device is characterized in that a steering grating (2) and a pixel grating (3) are obtained by exposure of a laser direct writing system or exposure of a laser holographic two-beam interference system, and can also be obtained by exposure of a direct writing mask of an electron beam system and development and etching.
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| PCT/CN2020/120577 WO2022061977A1 (en) | 2020-09-23 | 2020-10-13 | Three-dimensional multi-viewpoint display apparatus and manufacturing method |
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