CN114253001A - Uniform light spot shaping system - Google Patents
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- CN114253001A CN114253001A CN202111609915.9A CN202111609915A CN114253001A CN 114253001 A CN114253001 A CN 114253001A CN 202111609915 A CN202111609915 A CN 202111609915A CN 114253001 A CN114253001 A CN 114253001A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/09—Beam shaping, e.g. changing the cross-sectional area, not otherwise provided for
- G02B27/0927—Systems for changing the beam intensity distribution, e.g. Gaussian to top-hat
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/09—Beam shaping, e.g. changing the cross-sectional area, not otherwise provided for
- G02B27/0938—Using specific optical elements
- G02B27/095—Refractive optical elements
- G02B27/0955—Lenses
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/09—Beam shaping, e.g. changing the cross-sectional area, not otherwise provided for
- G02B27/0938—Using specific optical elements
- G02B27/0977—Reflective elements
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Abstract
The invention provides a uniform light spot shaping system, which comprises a quartz optical fiber, an end cap and a trapezoidal beam expander, wherein the end cap is provided with a plurality of light spots; the input end face of the end cap is a plane, the output end face comprises an inner concave lens and an annular plane, the inner concave lens is positioned in the center of the output end face, and the annular plane surrounds the inner concave lens; the trapezoidal beam expander is of a tubular structure formed by splicing four trapezoidal quartz plates, the upper bottom of each trapezoidal quartz plate forms the input end of the trapezoidal beam expander, and the lower bottom of each trapezoidal quartz plate forms the output end of the trapezoidal beam expander; the input end face of the end cap is welded with one end of the quartz optical fiber, and the annular plane is connected with the input end of the trapezoidal beam expander. The laser shaping device is suitable for shaping high-power laser, has a certain continuous working distance, and can obtain rectangular uniform light spots within the maximum working distance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of laser shaping, in particular to a uniform light spot shaping system.
Background
One important research direction in laser research and application is laser shaping. The laser spot emitted by the laser is generally a circular spot with Gaussian energy distribution, the energy is high in the middle, the two ends are low, and the uniformity is very low, but the laser spot has great requirements on the uniformity of the laser energy not only in the application of traditional laser thermal processing such as laser quenching, laser cladding, laser alloying and the like, but also in the application of laser energy supply, optical information processing, storage, recording, laser medicine and the like. In practical applications, especially the requirement for spot homogenization of high-power laser is increasing. The round light spot is not matched with the size of a photocell in laser energy supply to cause low photoelectric conversion efficiency, and simultaneously, the round light spot also has the problem of low processing efficiency caused by mismatching with the shape of a working surface in the applications of laser cladding, laser alloying and the like.
In the application of occasions such as laser energy supply, need convert laser spot into evenly distributed and have with photocell size assorted big facula, need expand the beam and convert evenly distributed's facula into with laser spot promptly. A trapezoidal condenser is commonly used in a concentrating photovoltaic system to improve the uniformity of light spots and realize light concentration, sunlight is secondarily concentrated in the condenser, and square light spots with higher uniformity are obtained at the outlet of the condenser after multiple reflections. However, the system can only obtain uniform light spots close to the outlet of the trapezoidal condenser, and even if the uniformity of the light spots at a position a few millimeters away from the outlet of the trapezoidal condenser is greatly reduced, the uniform light spots cannot be obtained when the working surface leaves the outlet of the condenser; the system can form a condensation focus in the trapezoidal condenser, if the laser power is too high, air breakdown can be caused, and the system stability is low, so that the system is not suitable for shaping high-power laser; moreover, the trapezoidal condenser has a condensing effect, the condensing ratio is larger than 1, namely the size of an output light spot is smaller than that of an input light spot, if a large light spot is obtained, the light input end of the condenser needs to be designed to be larger, the length of the condenser needs to be increased, and the system becomes bulky.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a uniform light spot shaping system which is suitable for shaping high-power laser and can obtain rectangular uniform light spots within a certain distance range from an output end face.
The present invention achieves the above-described object by the following technical means.
A uniform light spot shaping system comprises a quartz optical fiber, an end cap and a trapezoidal beam expander;
the input end face of the end cap is a plane, the output end face of the end cap comprises an inner concave lens and an annular plane, the inner concave lens is positioned in the center of the output end face, and the annular plane surrounds the inner concave lens;
the trapezoidal beam expander is of a tubular structure formed by splicing four trapezoidal quartz plates, the upper bottom of each trapezoidal quartz plate is enclosed into the input end of the trapezoidal beam expander, and the lower bottom of each trapezoidal quartz plate is enclosed into the output end of the trapezoidal beam expander;
the input end face of the end cap is in fusion joint with one end of the quartz optical fiber, and the annular plane is connected with the input end of the trapezoidal beam expander.
Preferably, the end cap is made of pure quartz, the side surface of the end cap is in the shape of a quadrangular frustum pyramid, the narrow end surface of the quadrangular frustum pyramid is the input end surface of the end cap, and the wide end surface of the quadrangular frustum pyramid is the output end surface of the end cap.
Preferably, the diameter of the circular area of the concave lens on the output end face of the end cap is larger than the diameter of the laser spot emitted to the output end face of the end cap.
Preferably, the trapezoidal beam expander is formed by splicing four trapezoidal quartz plates, the inner opening and the outer opening of the input end and the output end of the trapezoidal beam expander are both square, and the length of the side of the inner opening of the input end of the trapezoidal beam expander is DiThe diameter of the circular area of the concave lens on the output end face of the end cap is De，Di＞De。
Preferably, the inner surface of the trapezoidal beam expander is plated with a high-reflection film.
Preferably, the inclination angle α of the trapezoidal beam expander is required to satisfy:
and is provided with
Wherein theta is the divergence angle of the laser after propagating through the end cap; i is the reflection frequency of the laser ray in the trapezoidal beam expander and is a natural number greater than 1; the length of the side of the inner opening of the input end of the trapezoidal beam expander is DiThe length of the side of the inner opening of the output end is Do，DoAnd DiThe ratio of (a) to (b) is a gradient T, and needs to satisfy:
the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) according to the end cap, laser enters the end cap from the optical fiber, free space transmission can be performed due to no constraint of an optical fiber cladding, the optical field area of an output end face is effectively increased, and therefore the optical power density is reduced, and the problem of optical fiber end face damage caused by high-power laser can be effectively solved; and secondly, the concave lens is used for replacing a convex lens used in a conventional concentrating photovoltaic system, so that the system does not generate a laser focusing focus, and air breakdown caused by high-power laser can be avoided, so that the method is suitable for shaping the high-power laser.
2) The end cap integrates the concave lens and the optical fiber end cap, is easy to manufacture, is directly connected with the trapezoidal beam expander, and is not in a separated structure any more, namely the system is integrated, compact in structure and small in occupied space.
3) The system has a certain continuous working distance, rectangular uniform light spots can be obtained within the maximum working distance, system parameters can be adjusted according to the working distance and the size of the light spots of actual requirements, and the distance between the working surface and the output end surface of the trapezoidal beam expander is set to obtain output light spots meeting requirements.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a uniform spot shaping system according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a cut away view of a quadrangular frustum of an end cap of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the principle of laser propagation in the end cap of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a three-dimensional view and an illuminance chart of a light spot in embodiment 1 of the present invention, wherein (a) is a light spot view of a laser after passing through an end cap; (b) and (c) are light spot patterns which are 0cm and 6cm away from the output end of the trapezoidal beam expander respectively.
Fig. 5 is a three-dimensional view and an illuminance chart of a light spot in embodiment 2 of the present invention, wherein (a) is a light spot of a laser after passing through an end cap; (b) and (c) are light spot patterns which are 0cm and 5cm away from the output end of the trapezoidal beam expander respectively.
Fig. 6 is a three-dimensional graph of a light spot and an illuminance graph when a distance from an output end of the trapezoidal beam expander is 0cm in embodiment 3 of the present invention.
In the figure: 1-quartz fiber, 2-end cap, 3-trapezoidal beam expander and 4-concave lens
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "axial," "radial," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," "outer," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the present invention and for simplicity in description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are not to be considered limiting. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
A uniform spot shaping system according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, a uniform spot shaping system according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a silica optical fiber 1, an end cap 2, and a trapezoidal beam expander 3.
The end cap 2 is made of pure quartz, the input end face of the end cap 2 is a plane, a spherical crown is absent in the center of the output end face to form an inner concave lens structure, the output end face comprises an inner concave lens 4 and an annular plane, the inner concave lens 4 is located in the center of the output end face, and the annular plane surrounds the inner concave lens 4. Preferably, the diameter of the circular area of the concave lens 4 on the output end face of the end cap 2 is larger than the diameter of the laser spot emitted onto the output end face of the end cap 2.
Further, as shown in fig. 2, the end cap 2 has a rectangular frustum structure, a narrow end face of the rectangular frustum is an input end face of the end cap 2, and a wide end face of the rectangular frustum is an output end face of the end cap 2.
Trapezoidal beam expander 3 comprises four trapezoidal quartz plates concatenation and constitutes tubular structure, and trapezoidal quartz plate's the upper base encloses into trapezoidal beam expander 3's input, and trapezoidal quartz plate's the lower base encloses into trapezoidal beam expander 3's output, and the interior mouth and the outer mouthful of input and output of trapezoidal beam expander 3 are the square, and the interior mouth width of trapezoidal beam expander 3 input is DiThe diameter of the circular area of the concave lens 4 on the output end face of the end cap 2 is De，Di＞De. Preferably, the inner surface of the trapezoidal beam expander 3 is plated with a high-reflection film, so that the reflectivity of the inner wall of the trapezoidal beam expander 3 can be effectively improved, and the shaping effect is improved.
The input end face of the end cap 2 is welded with one end of the quartz optical fiber 1, and the annular plane of the end cap 2 is connected with the input end of the trapezoidal beam expander 3.
Laser is diverged through concave lens 4 and is expanded the beam through trapezoidal beam expander 3 in end cap 2, realizes expanding the beam function, simultaneously, under both combined action, forms evenly distributed's square facula. The divergence angle of the laser light after propagation in the end cap 2 is:
θ＝θ2-θ0
wherein:
law of refraction: sin theta2＝n2sinθ1
NA is the numerical aperture of the optical fiber, n2Is the refractive index r of the core and the end cap of the quartz optical fiber 1coreIs the core radius of the silica optical fiber 1, R is the curvature radius of the concave lens, theta1Is the angle of incidence, θ, of the edge ray of the laser light propagating in the end cap 2 onto the concave lens 42Angle of refraction, θ0The included angle between the normal line and the horizontal line is used for drawing and analyzing when the edge light is incident to the concave lens 4, d is the spot radius when the laser is transmitted to the concave lens 4, d0The length of the end cap input end to the concave lens 4.
Preferably, the inclination angle α of the trapezoidal beam expander 3 is such that:
and is provided with
Wherein, theta is the divergence angle of the laser after the laser is transmitted through the end cap 2; i is the reflection number of times of laser beam in trapezoidal beam expander 3, is the natural number that is greater than 1, and its numerical value is decided by people when trapezoidal beam expander 3 designs, generally, i 2, when 3, the system just has the facula of higher degree of consistency, and i sets for bigger, and the facula degree of consistency is higher, but trapezoidal beam expander 3's length also increases correspondingly, therefore, its value needs to select appropriate value.
The length of the side of the inner opening of the input end of the trapezoidal beam expander 3 is DiThe length of the side of the inner opening of the output end is Do，DoAnd DiThe ratio of (a) to (b) is a gradient T, and needs to satisfy:
wherein inequality more than or equal to number right part is the ratio of the bottom surface bore that corresponds when the laser marginal light reflection of incidence trapezoidal beam expander 3 was the ith time (i.e. when the ith reflection, the cross section bore of trapezoidal beam expander 3 inner wall reflection point department) and the interior bore of trapezoidal beam expander input, when gradient T was the same with this ratio, then just satisfy marginal light i reflection condition, when gradient T was greater than this ratio, satisfying marginal light i reflection condition under, have more marginal light with interior small-angle light participate in the reflection, the output facula is more even this moment.
The uniform light spot shaping system of the invention can be seen as that the area within the divergence angle is divided into a plurality of light rays when the incident laser is diverged by the concave lens 4 and the light rays trace, the marginal light rays and the small-angle light rays within the marginal light rays are continuously reflected in the trapezoidal beam expander 3, the light field distribution is readjusted, the uniformity of the light spots is continuously improved, simultaneously the angles of all the light rays are also continuously changed, and finally the overall light ray distribution can be similar to that the laser is emitted from the output port of the trapezoidal beam expander 3 by the half angle of the divergence angle which is slightly larger than the inclination angle alpha of the trapezoidal beam expander 3, so that the light rays can keep the angle characteristic within a certain distance from the output port of the system, therefore, the system has continuous working distance, within the maximum working distance, the light rays are emitted in the form of filling the rectangular output port of the trapezoidal beam expander 3, so that the output light spots of the system are rectangular, i.e. a uniform rectangular spot can be obtained. If the output port of the trapezoidal beam expander 3 is changed into other shapes, uniform light spots with corresponding shapes can be obtained. The larger the reflection number i is, the more uniform the rectangular uniform light spot is. The larger the length H of the trapezoidal beam expander 3, the higher the uniformity.
When the trapezoidal beam expander 3 is designed, after the reflection times i are set, the gradient T and the inclination angle alpha are determined, and then the side length D of the inner opening of the output end is set according to the actual application light spot size requirementoLength of side of inner opening of input end DiAnd the length H is determined accordingly.
Preferred embodiment 1: selecting 20/400 μm single-mode quartz fiber 1 with NA 0.06, end cap 2 with length 20mm, input end side length 2mm, output end side length 10 mm; the curvature of the concave lens 4 is 0.6, and the diameter is 3.2 mm; trapezoidal beam expander 3 length is 235mm, and thickness is 2mm, and input internal orifice length of side is 6mm, and output internal orifice length of side is 40 mm. As shown in fig. 4, fig. 4(a) is a three-dimensional graph and an illuminance graph of a spot of laser light refracted by the concave lens 4, and it is obvious that energy distribution is gaussian distribution, fig. 4(b) and (c) are a three-dimensional graph and an illuminance graph of a square uniform spot of which the distance between a spot receiving end surface and an output end of the trapezoidal beam expander 3 is 0cm and 6cm, the spot size is 4cm × 4cm and 5.2cm × 5.2cm, the spot uniformity is 90% and 84.1%, the spot uniformity decreases with the increase of the working distance, when the distance between the spot receiving end surface and the output end of the trapezoidal beam expander 3 is 15cm, the spot uniformity is 78.3%, and the distance between the spot receiving end surface and the output end of the trapezoidal beam expander 3 can be selected from 0 to 15 cm.
Preferred embodiment 2: selecting 100/360 μm multimode silica fiber 1, NA 0.22, end cap 2 with length of 14mm, input end side length of 2mm, output end side length of 14 mm; the curvature of the concave lens 4 is 0.2, and the diameter is 8 mm; the length of the trapezoidal beam expander 3 is 400mm, the thickness is 2mm, the side length of the inner opening of the input end is 10mm, and the side length of the inner opening of the output end is 100 mm. As shown in fig. 5, fig. 5(a) is a three-dimensional graph and an illuminance graph of a spot of laser light refracted by the concave lens 4, energy distribution is gaussian distribution, fig. 5(b) and (c) are a three-dimensional graph and an illuminance graph of a uniform spot of which the distance between a spot receiving end surface and an output end of the trapezoidal beam expander 3 is 0cm and 5cm square respectively, the spot size is 10.4cm × 10.4cm and 12cm × 12cm respectively, the spot uniformity is 87.2% and 84.3%, the spot uniformity decreases with the increase of the distance between the spot receiving end surface and the output end of the trapezoidal beam expander 3, and when the distance between the spot receiving end surface and the output end of the trapezoidal beam expander 3 is 14cm, the spot uniformity is 79.4%, and the distance between the spot receiving end surface and the output end of the trapezoidal beam expander 3 can be selected from 0cm to 14 cm.
Preferred embodiment 3: selecting 100/360 μm multimode silica fiber 1, NA 0.22, end cap 2 with length of 14mm, input end side length of 2mm, output end side length of 14 mm; the curvature of the concave lens 4 is 0.2, and the diameter is 8 mm; the length of the trapezoidal beam expander 3 is 2.1m, the thickness is 2mm, the side length of an inner opening of the input end is 10mm, and the side length of an inner opening of the output end is 1 m. In example 3, the size of the end cap 2 and the quartz fiber 1 used in example 2 are completely the same, so that the three-dimensional graph and the illuminance graph of the laser spot refracted by the concave lens 4 in example 3 are shown in fig. 5 (a). As shown in fig. 6, when the distance between the light spot receiving end surface and the output end of the trapezoidal beam expander 3 is 0cm, a three-dimensional graph and an illuminance graph of a square uniform light spot are obtained, the large-size square uniform light spot of 1m × 1m is obtained, the uniformity is 81.3%, the uniformity of the light spot is reduced along with the increase of the distance between the light spot receiving end surface and the output end of the trapezoidal beam expander 3, when the distance between the light spot receiving end surface and the output end of the trapezoidal beam expander 3 is 20cm, the uniformity of the light spot is 80.4%, the size of the light spot is 1.12m × 1.12m, and the distance between the light spot receiving end surface and the output end of the trapezoidal beam expander 3 can be selected from 0cm to 20 cm.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the principle and spirit of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A uniform light spot shaping system is characterized by comprising a quartz optical fiber (1), an end cap (2) and a trapezoidal beam expander (3);
the input end face of the end cap (2) is a plane, the output end face comprises an inner concave lens (4) and an annular plane, the inner concave lens (4) is located in the center of the output end face, and the annular plane surrounds the inner concave lens (4);
the trapezoidal beam expander (3) is of a tubular structure formed by splicing four trapezoidal quartz plates, the upper bottom of each trapezoidal quartz plate surrounds the input end of the trapezoidal beam expander (3), and the lower bottom of each trapezoidal quartz plate surrounds the output end of the trapezoidal beam expander (3);
the input end face of the end cap (2) is in fusion joint with one end of the quartz optical fiber (1), and the annular plane is connected with the input end of the trapezoidal beam expander (3).
2. The uniform spot-shaping system according to claim 1, wherein the end cap (2) is composed of pure quartz, the side surface of the end cap (2) is shaped as a quadrangular frustum with a narrow end surface being the input end surface of the end cap (2) and a wide end surface being the output end surface of the end cap (2).
3. The uniform spot-shaping system according to claim 1, wherein the diameter of the circular area of the concave lens (4) on the output end face of the end cap (2) is larger than the diameter of the laser spot emitted onto the output end face of the end cap (2).
4. The uniform light spot shaping system according to claim 1, wherein the trapezoidal beam expander (3) is formed by splicing four trapezoidal quartz plates, the inner opening and the outer opening of the input end and the inner opening and the outer opening of the output end of the trapezoidal beam expander (3) are both square, and the length of the inner opening side of the input end of the trapezoidal beam expander (3) is DiThe diameter of the circular area of the concave lens (4) on the output end face of the end cap (2) is De，Di＞De。
5. The uniform spot shaping system according to claim 1, wherein the inner surface of the trapezoidal beam expander (3) is coated with a highly reflective film.
6. The uniform spot-shaping system according to claim 5, wherein the inclination angle α of said trapezoidal beam expander (3) is such that:
and is provided with
Wherein theta is a divergence angle of the laser after the laser is transmitted through the end cap (2); i is the reflection times of the laser light in the trapezoidal beam expander (3) and is a natural number greater than 1; the length of the side of the inner opening of the input end of the trapezoidal beam expander (3) is DiThe length of the side of the inner opening of the output end is Do，DoAnd DiThe ratio of (a) to (b) is a gradient T, and needs to satisfy:
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| CN202111609915.9A CN114253001A (en) | 2021-12-27 | 2021-12-27 | Uniform light spot shaping system |
| PCT/CN2021/142461 WO2023123044A1 (en) | 2021-12-27 | 2021-12-29 | Uniform light spot shaping system |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117543320A (en) * | 2024-01-10 | 2024-02-09 | 四川中久大光科技有限公司 | Compact laser output method, laser output head and laser device |
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| CN108572420A (en) * | 2018-07-20 | 2018-09-25 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Bidirectional optical fiber end cap with laser beam expanding output and reflection functions and application thereof |
| CN112578572A (en) * | 2020-12-09 | 2021-03-30 | 西安炬光科技股份有限公司 | Optical element and optical module |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN117543320A (en) * | 2024-01-10 | 2024-02-09 | 四川中久大光科技有限公司 | Compact laser output method, laser output head and laser device |
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