CN114252997A - Color near-to-eye display device and method based on cylindrical waveguide - Google Patents
Color near-to-eye display device and method based on cylindrical waveguide Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/017—Head mounted
- G02B27/0172—Head mounted characterised by optical features
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- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
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- G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
- G02B2027/011—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising device for correcting geometrical aberrations, distortion
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- G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
- G02B2027/0112—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising device for genereting colour display
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- G02B2027/0174—Head mounted characterised by optical features holographic
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Abstract
The invention discloses a color near-to-eye display device and method based on cylindrical waveguide. The device includes: a plurality of monochromatic microdisplays, a relay optical system, an input coupler, and a cylindrical waveguide. The method uses a plurality of input couplers and a group of corresponding output couplers in a layer of waveguide to realize the color display with wide field angle. The color display device and the method realized by the bent waveguide structure can increase the diffraction efficiency, improve the selectivity of the diffraction angle and the light energy utilization rate, can also improve the application range of the holographic waveguide display, expand the diversified selection of the waveguide types, and are suitable for being applied to the requirements of light and small type, large view field, high brightness and wearable display aiming at helmet displays and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of near-to-eye display, in particular to a color near-to-eye display device and method based on cylindrical waveguides.
Background
The near-eye display technology has great prospect as a display platform combining the next generation of computing technology, but still faces many problems, and still has great development space. In view of the current developments and research made in countries around the world, most of the current holographic waveguide based near-eye displays are based on slab waveguide structures for wearable applications, especially as head-mounted displays. The entrance pupil and the exit pupil of the holographic waveguide are conjugated, and the holographic waveguide near-eye display module needs to be inserted into the inner side of the front-mounted light shield. Therefore, human eyes need to penetrate through two structures of the slab waveguide and the light shield when directly watching the penetrating background, the optical transmittance is reduced, and the mass and the volume of the whole system are increased.
In the traditional single-layer waveguide color display, because the diffraction efficiency is considered, the field angle is limited; if three sets of surface space distribution monochromatic input couplers are adopted to correspond to three sets of surface space distribution monochromatic output couplers, the volume of a used system is increased; the use of a group of surface height superimposed distribution monochromatic input couplers corresponding to a group of surface height superimposed distribution output couplers has low efficiency and low light energy utilization rate, and the use of a composite grating for transmitting color images can cause serious crosstalk of similar color light.
If the planar waveguide is changed into a cylindrical (curved) waveguide, the light direction is changed until the coupled-out holographic grating is met, and the coupled-out waveguide enters human eyes. Thus, compared with the design of a flat-plate waveguide, the optical transmittance is improved, the volume and the quality of the whole system are reduced, and the applicable range of the holographic waveguide display is improved.
The application of near-eye display technology based on color display is also more important if applied in the environment of high-demand multifunctional display.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a color near-to-eye display device and method based on a cylindrical waveguide.
The invention provides a cylindrical waveguide structure, which directly uses helmet goggles as a waveguide and utilizes total reflection in transparent curved surface goggles to realize lossless image propagation.
Aiming at the problems of limited field angle, low efficiency and the like existing under a flat waveguide structure, the invention adopts the methods of input coupler subarea distribution and output coupler compound distribution of different wavelengths under a cylindrical waveguide structure to improve the diffraction efficiency and realize the color display of the full field angle.
A cylindrical waveguide based color near-to-eye display device comprising:
the micro display set is used for respectively generating a plurality of single-wavelength full-field-angle images aiming at the same image to be displayed;
the relay optical system is used for carrying out light ray propagation form adjustment on the image light rays output by the micro display set and transmitting the image light rays to the input coupler;
a cylindrical waveguide provided with an input coupler and an output coupler in an axial direction;
the input coupler is used for coupling the received light rays and diffracting the coupled light rays into the cylindrical waveguide, so that the coupled light rays are propagated in a total reflection manner along the axial direction of the cylindrical waveguide, and finally, the light rays with different wavelengths and the same visual angle are converged in a specific area;
and the output coupler is arranged at the specific area, receives the converged light and enables the light rays with different wavelengths to exit through the output coupler at the same visual angle.
Preferably, the cylindrical waveguide described in the present invention is a waveguide in which light is totally reflected between two coaxial cylindrical surfaces, the two coaxial cylindrical surfaces are respectively rotationally and symmetrically expanded by different radii of the same central axis, and the curvature radius of the outer surface and the curvature radius of the inner surface can be correspondingly matched and adjusted according to the curvature of the curved goggles in the actual helmet display, so that the cylindrical waveguide designed in the present invention can be completely replaced by a part of the curved goggles, and no additional cylindrical waveguide is required. Namely, by adopting the technical scheme of the invention, a part of area of the existing goggles can be directly used as the cylindrical waveguide. Meanwhile, the cylindrical waveguide of the invention can be formed by one material or can be formed by gluing materials with different refractive indexes. Therefore, in the single-layer waveguide structure, the refractive indexes can be the same or different according to actual needs, and for the conditions of different refractive indexes, the cylindrical waveguide can be a single-layer cylindrical waveguide with a graded refractive index or a single-layer cylindrical waveguide with a single type refractive index.
In the cylindrical waveguide-based color near-to-eye display device of the present invention: the micro display is used as an image source for displaying images, and further, the micro display can be used for generating a plurality of images with single wavelength and full field angles; the relay optical system is for propagating the display image produced by the microdisplay into the input coupler; meanwhile, parallel light with a certain angle of a wide light beam is generated by using a relay optical system, and aberration brought by a cylindrical waveguide structure is corrected; the input coupler is mainly used for diffracting parallel rays with different angles into the cylindrical waveguide; the cylindrical waveguide is integrated with the input coupler, and transmits the diffracted light of the input coupler to the output coupler by utilizing the characteristic of total reflection; in the cylindrical waveguide, a principal ray is transmitted along the central axis direction of the cylindrical surface; and the output coupler is attached to the surface of the waveguide and is used for diffracting the light out of the waveguide to provide an image displayed by the micro display for human eyes, so that the image can be observed by the human eyes.
The microdisplays each produce a single wavelength of the same image, and the arrangement of the microdisplays corresponds to the arrangement of the input couplers, which can be distributed differently according to the arrangement of the input couplers. Preferably, the microdisplays are three, comprising three different color (red-blue-green) single wavelength microdisplays for producing three color images (e.g. a blue wavelength image, a red wavelength image and a green wavelength image), respectively.
The micro-display can be distributed in space positions on the same side or different sides, and light rays with different wavelengths are transmitted through the micro-display at a full field angle.
The micro display is selected from an OLED display, an LCoS micro display, an LCD micro display, a DMD micro display or an MEMS micro display.
The relay optical system is disposed between the microdisplay and the input coupler. The relay optical system may be a spherical lens group or an aspherical lens group or a combination system of the spherical lens group and the aspherical lens group, and the different relay optical systems may be the same module or different modules. Further, the basic structure of the relay optical system may be a system that is composed of an imaging system spherical group or an eyepiece system spherical group and an aspherical mirror such as a cylindrical mirror. The relay optical system can change the light propagation form of the micro display, so that the aberration caused by the waveguide structure can be compensated.
Preferably, the microdisplay set, the relay optical system and the input coupler are distributed on the side (end) away from human eyes.
Preferably, the cylindrical waveguide is a single-layer cylindrical waveguide. The light rays with different colors are totally reflected in the layer of waveguide, and the material can be made of optical glass or transparent optical plastic.
Preferably, the cylindrical waveguide is a curved surface visor or a part of a curved surface visor. Preferably, the micro-display set, the relay optical system and the input coupler are distributed on the top side of the curved goggles.
Preferably, the input coupler or the output coupler is a cylindrical structure.
Preferably, the input coupler or the output coupler is provided on an inner wall surface or an outer wall surface of the cylindrical waveguide, and the surface curvature is matched with the curvature of the inner wall surface or the outer wall surface of the waveguide. The input coupler is a reflective diffractive optical element and a transmissive diffractive optical element; the output coupler is a reflection type diffraction optical element and a transmission type diffraction optical element, and the diffraction optical element is a holographic surface, a volume holographic grating or a surface relief grating.
Specifically, the input couplers are attached to the surface of the waveguide, the number of the input couplers is the same as that of the micro displays (three), and the surface curvature of the input couplers is the same as that of the inner surface or the outer surface of the cylindrical waveguide, wherein the input couplers are three monochromatic diffraction optical elements, correspond to the three micro displays with different wavelengths, and diffract the light with different wavelengths into the waveguide at different diffraction angles. The spatial arrangement may be distributed on the same side of the waveguide surface or on different sides of the waveguide surface, either linearly or triangularly, and either contiguous or non-contiguous (separated distribution). The couplers may be reflective diffractive optical elements and transmissive diffractive optical elements, the diffractive optical elements including holographic facets, volume holographic gratings, or surface relief gratings. And each diffractive element corresponds to a different wavelength.
In particular, the output coupler is a complex set of diffractive optical elements. The arrangement mode can be composed of a layer of three-color composite diffraction optical element, or composed of a layer of two-color composite diffraction optical element and a layer of other single-color diffraction optical element which are in height distribution superposition, or composed of three layers of different single-color diffraction optical elements which are in height distribution superposition, the diffraction optical elements with different wavelengths in wavelength single-color arrangement correspond to the wavelengths of the diffraction optical elements in the input coupler one by one, the diffraction angles are symmetrically conjugated, and light rays with different wavelengths are emitted with the same field angle through the output coupler.
The output coupler can be a reflective diffractive optical element and a transmissive diffractive optical element, the diffractive optical element comprises a holographic surface, a volume holographic grating or a surface relief grating, and is attached to the surface of the waveguide, and the surface curvature of the diffractive optical element is consistent with the inner surface curvature or the outer surface curvature of the cylindrical waveguide.
The invention provides a color near-to-eye display method based on cylindrical waveguide, which comprises the following steps:
aiming at the same image to be displayed, a plurality of single-wavelength full-field-angle images are respectively generated by using the micro display sets;
respectively carrying out light ray transmission form adjustment on image light rays output by the micro display unit by using a relay optical system, and transmitting the adjusted light rays to the input coupler at the corresponding position;
the input coupler is used for respectively coupling the light rays output by the relay optical system, and coupling light beams are diffracted into the cylindrical waveguide, so that the coupling light rays are propagated in a total reflection manner along the axial direction of the cylindrical waveguide, and finally, the light rays with different wavelengths and the same visual angle are converged in a specific area;
the output coupler arranged in a specific area is used for receiving the converged light, and the light rays with different wavelengths are emitted out through the output coupler at the same field angle, so that the image of the micro display is transmitted to human eyes.
Finally, the pupils of the human eyes can receive the display images with certain field angles in a certain moving range.
The near-to-eye display method of the invention realizes the color display under the cylindrical waveguide structure by utilizing three single-wavelength input couplers and a group of composite output couplers which are connected or separately arranged, and simultaneously corrects the aberration problem caused by the cylindrical waveguide by utilizing a relay optical system, thereby breaking through the problem that the curved waveguide structure can not display color images with full field of view and high efficiency.
The method uses a plurality of input couplers and a group of corresponding output couplers in a layer of waveguide to realize color display: different monochromatic micro-displays are collimated by a relay optical system and then are input into corresponding different input couplers, light rays are transmitted into the input couplers to be diffracted, then the light rays are transmitted in the waveguide in a total reflection mode, the light rays are all transmitted into the same output coupler by reasonably controlling different diffraction angles, and finally the light rays are simultaneously diffracted out of the waveguide and are input into human eyes, so that the human eyes can see color images under different fields of view.
The invention combines the cylindrical waveguide structure with the color display technology, can greatly reduce the weight and the volume of the system, can use a multicolor high-brightness micro-display as an image source, can easily realize the near-to-eye display of color images, and can increase the diffraction efficiency and improve the utilization rate of light energy by using a method of three-piece distribution of the input coupler and the superposition distribution of the output coupler.
The embodiment of the invention realizes the color display device with wide field angle through the cylindrical waveguide structure and the method thereof, can increase the diffraction efficiency, improve the selectivity of the diffraction angle and the light energy utilization rate, can also improve the application range of the holographic waveguide display, expand the diversified selection of the waveguide types, and is suitable for being applied to the requirements of light and small type, large field of view, high brightness and wearable display aiming at helmet displays and the like.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a cylindrical waveguide color near-eye display device based on a reflective input coupler and a reflective output coupler according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a cylindrical waveguide color near-eye display device based on a transmissive input coupler and a reflective output coupler according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a cylindrical waveguide color near-eye display device based on a transmissive input coupler and a transmissive output coupler according to embodiment 3 of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a cylindrical waveguide color near-eye display device based on a reflective input coupler and a transmissive output coupler according to embodiment 4 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is an oblique view of a near-eye display device system in accordance with all embodiments of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a single wavelength input coupler position distribution for all embodiments of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the output coupler type distribution of all embodiments of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic flow chart of a cylindrical waveguide-based color near-to-eye display method provided by all embodiments of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a portion of an embodiment of the present invention for use with curved eyewear;
fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of the convergence of light beams at different field angles at the output coupler.
It should be understood that the above-described figures are merely schematic and are not drawn to scale.
In the drawings: microdisplay 101, microdisplay 102, microdisplay 103, relay optical system 201, relay optical system 202, relay optical system 203, input coupler 301, input coupler 302, input coupler 303, output coupler 401, cylindrical waveguide 501.
Detailed Description
The color near-to-eye display device based on the cylindrical waveguide is an optical system which can make human eyes see color images under a wide field angle and can observe external real objects at the same time. Different monochromatic micro-displays carry the same image display information, diffract into human eyes from the interior of the waveguide through the corresponding relay optical system and the input coupler group, and the human eyes at the exit pupil position can see color images under different fields of view in a certain moving range through the superposition display effect of three types of light with single wavelength.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
One embodiment of the present invention for a cylindrical waveguide based color holographic near-eye display system, as shown in fig. 1, is a cylindrical waveguide based color near-eye display device comprising a microdisplay 101, a microdisplay 102, a microdisplay 103, a relay optical system 201, a relay optical system 202, a relay optical system 203, an input coupler 301, an input coupler 302, an input coupler 303, an output coupler 401, a cylindrical waveguide 501.
The microdisplays 101, 102 and 103 provide the same full-field-angle image information with different wavelengths (for example, the full-field-angle image R of red light, the full-field-angle image G of green light and the full-field-angle image B of blue light, respectively), and may be selected from an OLED display, an LCoS microdisplay, an LCD microdisplay or a MEMS microdisplay. The relay optical system 201, the relay optical system 202 and the relay optical system 203 are respectively positioned in front of the microdisplay 101, the microdisplay 102 and the microdisplay 103, and respectively receive image light beams output by the microdisplay 101, the microdisplay 102 and the microdisplay 103, divergent light sources emitted from different positions of the microdisplay can form parallel light of single wavelength and wide light beams with different angles after passing through the system, simultaneously aberration caused by a cylindrical waveguide structure is corrected, and the parallel light continuously propagates forwards and passes through the waveguide to the input coupler; the basic structure of the relay optical system can be a system which is basically composed of an imaging system spherical group or an ocular lens system spherical group and an aspherical mirror such as a cylindrical mirror.
The input coupler 301, the input coupler 302, and the input coupler 303 are attached to the outer surface of the optical waveguide, have the same curvature as that of the outer surface of the waveguide, are monochromatic reflective diffractive optical elements, and have positions and wavelengths corresponding to the wavelengths of images output from the microdisplay 101, the microdisplay 102, and the microdisplay 103, respectively. The holographic surface, the volume holographic grating or the surface relief grating can be selected, light rays with different wavelengths are diffracted into the light waveguide at different angles, the light rays with different wavelengths continuously propagate forwards to the output coupler 401 at the same position along the central axis direction of the cylindrical waveguide under the condition of total reflection, and light beams with different wavelengths and the same visual angle are respectively converged at the position.
The cylindrical waveguide is a single-layer cylindrical waveguide, light rays with different colors are totally reflected in the layer of waveguide, and the material can be made of optical glass or transparent optical plastic. For example, a curved eyepiece may be directly selected for use as the cylindrical waveguide.
The output coupler 401 is a compound reflective diffractive optical element, and can diffract the light rays with different wavelengths and different fields of view out of the optical waveguide according to the same angle, so that human eyes can see a color image of the same field of view and a mixture of multiple wavelengths at the exit pupil position. The output coupler 401, which may be a holographic surface, volume holographic grating, or surface relief grating, is attached to the surface of the waveguide with a surface curvature that is consistent with the curvature of the inner or outer surface of the cylindrical waveguide.
For the microdisplays 101, 102, 103 displaying images with different wavelengths, the position distributions need to be in one-to-one correspondence according to the position distributions of the input couplers 301,302, 303, and as shown in fig. 5, the positions of the input couplers 301,302, 303 are linearly distributed along the axial direction in the cylinder and attached to the surface of the cylindrical waveguide, and different input couplers may be connected or separated. The microdisplays 101, 102, 103 are also positioned at the same distance along the cylinder centerline axis as the center of the different microdisplays, which is spaced at the same distance along the cylinder centerline axis as the center of the input couplers 301,302, 303. The microdisplays 101, 102, 103 are directly behind the input couplers 301,302, 303 respectively and the centers of the different microdisplays are at the same distance from the corresponding input coupler centers.
The arrangement of the input couplers may not only be arranged along the axial propagation direction of the cylindrical waveguide 501 according to the above-mentioned fig. 5, but also may be arranged sequentially along the circumferential direction of the cylindrical waveguide or arranged on the waveguide surface according to a triangular distribution as shown in fig. 6, different input couplers may be connected or separated, and the corresponding microdisplays displaying images with different wavelengths may also be distributed with the same spatial position as the position distribution, i.e. the microdisplays are spaced at the same circumferential center or center of triangular distribution along the cylindrical waveguide as the input couplers 301,302, 303 are spaced at the same circumferential center or center of triangular distribution along the cylindrical waveguide, the microdisplays 101,102, 103 are directly behind the input couplers 301,302, 303 respectively and the microdisplay centers are at the same distance from the corresponding input coupler centers.
The diffractive optical element selectively diffracts parallel light into the optical waveguide at different diffraction angles according to different angles, and the parallel light is subjected to total reflection propagation at a certain angle in the optical waveguide 501 to the corresponding output coupler 401 at a proper position, wherein the position is related to the diffraction angle of the input coupler and the total reflection times in the waveguide. The type distribution of the output coupler 401 can be composed of a layer of three-color composite diffractive optical elements as shown in fig. 7, or composed of a layer of two-color composite diffractive optical elements and a layer of another monochromatic diffractive optical element in a height distribution superposition mode, or composed of three layers of different monochromatic diffractive optical elements in a height distribution superposition mode, the diffractive optical elements with different wavelengths in monochromatic arrangement of wavelengths are in one-to-one correspondence with the wavelengths of the diffractive optical elements in the input coupler, the diffraction angles are symmetrically conjugated, and light rays with different wavelengths are emitted through the output coupler at the same field angle. Different input couplers need to strictly control the distribution conditions of diffraction angles of the same field under different wavelengths according to diffraction theory calculation formulas such as a grating equation or a kogelnik coupled wave theory and the like, so that the light rays with the same field under different wavelengths at different positions can reach the same coupling-out position after being totally reflected for a plurality of times, and the relative distance of the light rays with the single wavelength and different fields at the coupling-out position does not exceed the size of an output coupler element.
The invention is further illustrated in more detail below:
as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 10, the microdisplay 101, the microdisplay 102, and the microdisplay 103 respectively display the same apple image of 436nm blue (B), 532nm green (G), and 700nm red (R), and by way of example with the microdisplay 101, the blue light emitted by the microdisplay is collimated into parallel light of different fields of view after passing through the relay optical system 201, for example, the angle of a dotted line (left side) along the cylindrical waveguide axis is- θ °, the angle of a solid line (middle side) is 0 °, the angle of a dotted line (right side) is + θ °, the light propagates forwards and passes through the cylindrical waveguide 501 to strike the input coupler 301, and the input coupler 301 diffracts the light of different fields of view at different diffraction angles, for example, the diffraction angle corresponding to the angle α ° of the dotted line (left side) - θ °, and then strikes the input coupler 301 at different fields of view1Diffraction angle α corresponding to a solid line (middle side) angle of 0 °2The diffraction angle corresponding to the degree of the dotted line (right side) degree + theta is alpha3After the light beam is propagated by finite total reflection (the total reflection times of three lines are not consistent, the total reflection times with large diffraction angle is less than the diffraction angle and smaller than the dotted line, if the total reflection times of dotted line is less than the dotted line), the light beam respectively reaches the points C, B and A of the output coupler 401, and because the holographic optical element of the blue diffraction wavelength part of the output coupler 401 is symmetrically conjugated with the input coupler 301, the light beam respectively reaches the angles of-theta, 0 DEG and + thetaThe parallel light is diffracted out of the waveguide into the human eye. Alpha above1～α3The requirement of total reflection, namely the total reflection angle of the corresponding light beam is more than or equal to and less than 90 degrees of critical angle, needs to be met.
Since the field angle in the cylindrical radial direction (circumferential direction) is symmetric with respect to the cylindrical waveguide axis, and the diffraction angle thereof is the same as the corresponding diffraction angle in the cylindrical waveguide axis direction, the field angle range in the cylindrical radial direction needs to be determined in accordance with the distance from the relay optical system to the corresponding input coupler and the size of the corresponding input coupler. Up to this point, the angle of view in the axial direction of the cylindrical waveguide and the angle of view in the radial direction of the cylindrical waveguide are combined to enable a wide angle of view of a certain angular range in a two-dimensional space.
As with the microdisplay 102, the emitted green light is collimated into parallel light of different fields of view after passing through the relay optics 202, e.g., the dotted (left) angle is-theta, the solid (middle) angle is 0 deg., and the dashed (right) angle is + theta. The light beams with different field angles can also reach three positions (or nearby) A, B and C, and because the holographic optical element of the diffracted green wavelength part of the output coupler 401 is symmetrically conjugated with the input coupler 302, the light beams respectively diffract out the waveguide into human eyes by parallel light of-theta, 0 degrees and + theta degrees. As for microdisplay 103 as microdisplay 102. The holographic optical element of the final output coupler 401 that diffracts the red wavelength portion is symmetrically conjugated to 302 and thus will also diffract light out of the waveguide into the human eye in parallel at-theta, 0 deg., and + theta, respectively. Thus, by RGB three-color mixing, a color image can be seen in the range of-theta to + theta.
In actual manufacturing, the parameters can be optimized by adopting the existing simulation software.
When the glasses are actually worn, different application wearing modes can be realized according to different corresponding parameters reasonably designed according to different actual light propagation distances, for example, the glasses are worn on the head, as shown in fig. 9, the central axis of the cylindrical waveguide is vertically arranged towards the eyes (interpupillary distance line) in a forehead part, light emitted by the micro-display A passes through the relay optical system B and the input coupler D and then propagates inside the cylindrical waveguide F (namely, goggles or a part of goggles), and then is converged at the output coupler E, and the diffracted light enters the eyes G. The propagation distance of the cylindrical waveguide F is slightly longer than the forehead-to-eye distance, wherein the actual assembly position of the microdisplay a and the relay optical system B can be changed between the relay optical system B and the cylindrical waveguide F according to the wearing compactness by considering whether the reflecting mirror C is added.
The other type is worn on the ear side, the central axis of the cylindrical waveguide is transversely arranged towards the human eye in the shape of an ear, light rays emitted by the micro-displays 101, 102 and 103 pass through the relay optical system and the input coupler and then propagate inside the cylindrical waveguide 501, the propagation distance of the light rays is slightly larger than the distance between the ear and the human eye, and whether a reflecting mirror is added between the relay optical system and the optical waveguide or not can be considered to change the actual assembling positions of the micro-displays and the relay optical system according to the wearing compactness.
Example 2
The present invention is for one embodiment of a cylindrical waveguide based color holographic near-to-eye display device, as shown in FIG. 2, the holographic near-to-eye display system includes a microdisplay 101, a microdisplay 102, a microdisplay 103, a relay optical system 201, a relay optical system 202, a relay optical system 203, an input coupler 301, an input coupler 302, an input coupler 303, an output coupler 401, and a cylindrical waveguide 501.
The micro display 101, the micro display 102 and the micro display 103 provide the same image information with different wavelengths, and the micro display can be an OLED display, an LCoS micro display, an LCD micro display or an MEMS micro display. The relay optical system 201, the relay optical system 202 and the relay optical system 203 are respectively positioned in front of the microdisplay 101, the microdisplay 102 and the microdisplay 103, images displayed by the microdisplay are transmitted to the input coupler, divergent light sources emitted at different positions of the microdisplay can form parallel light of wide light beams with single wavelength and different angles after passing through the system, and the fields of view obtained by different microdisplays through the relay optical system are the same under different wavelengths. The input coupler 301, the input coupler 302 and the input coupler 303 are attached to the surface of the optical waveguide, and are monochromatic transmission type diffractive optical elements, when parallel light beams with different view fields are incident on corresponding input couplers, the transmission type diffractive optical elements can selectively diffract the parallel light beams into the optical waveguide at different diffraction angles according to different angles, and the parallel light beams can be subjected to total reflection in the optical waveguide 501 at a certain angle and propagate to corresponding output couplers 401 at proper positions, the output couplers are reflective type diffractive optical elements, the output couplers 401 corresponding to different wavelengths at the coupling-out position can diffract the light beams with different wavelengths and different view fields out of the optical waveguide according to the same angle, and thus human eyes can see a color image with the same multi-wavelength view field mixture at the exit pupil position.
The position distributions of the microdisplays 101, 102, 103, which here display images at different wavelengths, correspond one-to-one to the position distributions of the input couplers 301,302, 303 as described in embodiment 1, and the schematic diagram is shown in fig. 5. The input couplers may be arranged not only in the axial propagation direction of the cylindrical waveguide 501, but also in the circumferential direction of the cylindrical waveguide as shown in fig. 6, or may be arranged on the waveguide surface in a triangular distribution, and may be connected or separated from each other, and the corresponding microdisplays displaying different wavelength images may also have the same spatial position distribution as described in embodiment 1. The type distribution of the output coupler 401 as shown in figure 7 may be composed of a layer of three-color compound diffractive optical elements, or a layer of dichroic compound diffraction optical element and another layer of monochromatic diffraction optical element are overlapped in height distribution, or three layers of different monochromatic diffraction optical elements are overlapped in height distribution, the wavelength monochromatic diffraction optical elements with different wavelengths are in one-to-one correspondence with the wavelengths of the diffraction optical elements in the input coupler, the different input couplers need to strictly control the distribution of diffraction angles of the same field under different wavelengths respectively according to diffraction theory calculation formulas such as a grating equation or a kogelnik coupled wave theory and the like, ensures that the light rays with the same field of view and different wavelengths at different positions can reach the same coupling-out position after being totally reflected for a plurality of times, and the relative distance of the light rays with the single wavelength and different field of view at the coupling-out position does not exceed the size of the output coupler element.
Example 3
The present invention is for one embodiment of a cylindrical waveguide based color holographic near-to-eye display system, as shown in FIG. 3, comprising a microdisplay 101, microdisplay 102, microdisplay 103, relay optical system 201, relay optical system 202, relay optical system 203, input coupler 301, input coupler 302, input coupler 303, output coupler 401, cylindrical waveguide 501.
The microdisplay 101, the microdisplay 102 and the microdisplay 103 provide the same image information with different wavelengths, the relay optical system 201, the relay optical system 202 and the relay optical system 203 are respectively positioned in front of the microdisplay 101, the microdisplay 102 and the microdisplay 103, images displayed by the microdisplay are transmitted to the input coupler, divergent light sources emitted by the microdisplay at different positions can form single-wavelength parallel light with wide light beams with different angles after passing through the system, and the fields of view obtained by the relay optical system are the same for different wavelengths, namely different microdisplays. The input coupler 301, the input coupler 302 and the input coupler 303 are attached to the surface of the optical waveguide, and are monochromatic transmission type diffractive optical elements, when parallel light beams with different view fields are incident on corresponding input couplers, the transmission type diffractive optical elements can selectively diffract the parallel light beams into the optical waveguide at different diffraction angles according to different angles, and the parallel light beams can be subjected to total reflection in the optical waveguide 501 at a certain angle and propagate to corresponding output couplers 401 at the same position, the output couplers are transmission type diffractive optical elements, the output couplers 401 corresponding to different wavelengths at the coupling-out position can diffract the light beams with different wavelengths and different view fields out of the optical waveguide according to the same angle, and thus human eyes can see a color image with the same multi-wavelength view field mixture at the exit pupil position.
The position distributions of the microdisplays 101, 102, 103, which here display images at different wavelengths, correspond one-to-one to the position distributions of the input couplers 301,302, 303 as described in embodiment 1, and the schematic diagram is shown in fig. 5. The input couplers may be arranged not only in the axial propagation direction of the cylindrical waveguide 501, but also in the circumferential direction of the cylindrical waveguide as shown in fig. 6, or may be arranged on the waveguide surface in a triangular distribution, and may be connected or separated from each other, and the corresponding microdisplays displaying different wavelength images may also have the same spatial position distribution as described in embodiment 1. The type distribution of the output coupler 401 as shown in figure 7 may be composed of a layer of three-color compound diffractive optical elements, or a layer of dichroic compound diffraction optical element and another layer of monochromatic diffraction optical element are overlapped in height distribution, or three layers of different monochromatic diffraction optical elements are overlapped in height distribution, the wavelength monochromatic diffraction optical elements with different wavelengths are in one-to-one correspondence with the wavelengths of the diffraction optical elements in the input coupler, the different input couplers need to strictly control the distribution of diffraction angles of the same field under different wavelengths respectively according to diffraction theory calculation formulas such as a grating equation or a kogelnik coupled wave theory and the like, ensures that the light rays with the same field of view and different wavelengths at different positions can reach the same coupling-out position after being totally reflected for a plurality of times, and the relative distance of the light rays with the single wavelength and different field of view at the coupling-out position does not exceed the size of the output coupler element.
Example 4
The present invention is for one embodiment of a cylindrical waveguide based color holographic near-to-eye display system, as shown in FIG. 4, comprising a microdisplay 101, microdisplay 102, microdisplay 103, relay optical system 201, relay optical system 202, relay optical system 203, input coupler 301, input coupler 302, input coupler 303, output coupler 401, cylindrical waveguide 501.
The microdisplay 101, the microdisplay 102 and the microdisplay 103 provide the same image information with different wavelengths, the relay optical system 201, the relay optical system 202 and the relay optical system 203 are respectively positioned in front of the microdisplay 101, the microdisplay 102 and the microdisplay 103, images displayed by the microdisplay are transmitted to the input coupler, divergent light sources emitted by the microdisplay at different positions can form single-wavelength parallel light with wide light beams with different angles after passing through the system, and the fields of view obtained by the relay optical system are the same for different wavelengths, namely different microdisplays. The input coupler 301, the input coupler 302 and the input coupler 303 are attached to the surface of the optical waveguide and are monochromatic reflective diffractive optical elements, when parallel light with different fields of view passes through the waveguide and then enters the corresponding input coupler, the reflective diffractive optical elements selectively diffract the parallel light into the optical waveguide at different diffraction angles according to different angles and meet the requirement of carrying out total reflection at a certain angle inside the optical waveguide 501 and transmitting the parallel light to the corresponding output coupler 401 at a proper position, the output coupler is a transmissive diffractive optical element and diffracts the light to pass through the waveguide, the output coupler 401 at the coupling position can diffract the light with different wavelengths and different fields of view out of the optical waveguide according to the same angle, and thus, human eyes can see a multi-wavelength mixed color image with the same field of view at the exit pupil position.
The position distributions of the microdisplays 101, 102, 103, which here display images at different wavelengths, correspond one-to-one to the position distributions of the input couplers 301,302, 303 as described in embodiment 1, and the schematic diagram is shown in fig. 5. The input couplers may be arranged not only in the axial propagation direction of the cylindrical waveguide 501, but also in the circumferential direction of the cylindrical waveguide as shown in fig. 6, or may be arranged on the waveguide surface in a triangular distribution, and may be connected or separated from each other, and the corresponding microdisplays displaying different wavelength images may also have the same spatial position distribution as described in embodiment 1. The type distribution of the output coupler 401 as shown in figure 7 may be composed of a layer of three-color compound diffractive optical elements, or a layer of dichroic compound diffraction optical element and another layer of monochromatic diffraction optical element are overlapped in height distribution, or three layers of different monochromatic diffraction optical elements are overlapped in height distribution, the wavelength monochromatic diffraction optical elements with different wavelengths are in one-to-one correspondence with the wavelengths of the diffraction optical elements in the input coupler, the different input couplers need to strictly control the distribution of diffraction angles of the same field under different wavelengths respectively according to diffraction theory calculation formulas such as a grating equation or a kogelnik coupled wave theory and the like, ensures that the light rays with the same field of view and different wavelengths at different positions can reach the same coupling-out position after being totally reflected for a plurality of times, and the relative distance of the light rays with the single wavelength and different field of view at the coupling-out position does not exceed the size of the output coupler element.
The schematic flow chart of the color near-to-eye display method based on the cylindrical waveguide provided by the embodiment of the invention is shown in fig. 8, and the method comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: the method comprises the following steps that a plurality of micro displays with the same size display the same image to be displayed under different wavelengths with the same divergence angle;
the second step is that: light rays of images displayed by the micro-displays are incident into the input couplers at corresponding different positions through the relay optical system in parallel light with the same field angle; i.e. different angles of parallel light make up the same field angle for different wavelengths.
The third step: the light rays passing through the relay optical system are coupled and diffracted into the waveguide by the plurality of input couplers at different positions, and the light rays with different wavelengths are reflected by the inner part of one layer of waveguide to reach three layers of output couplers superposed at the same position in space;
the fourth step: the output coupler diffracts the received light rays with different wavelengths out at the same field angle with a certain size, so that the image of the micro display is transmitted to human eyes;
the fifth step: the pupils of human eyes can receive display images with certain field angles in a certain moving range.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; within the idea of the invention, features in the above embodiments or in different embodiments may also be combined, steps may be implemented in any order, and there are many other variations of the different aspects of the invention as described above; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A cylindrical waveguide based color near-to-eye display device, comprising:
the micro display set is used for respectively generating a plurality of single-wavelength full-field-angle images aiming at the same image to be displayed;
the relay optical system is used for carrying out light ray propagation form adjustment on the image light rays output by the micro display set and transmitting the image light rays to the input coupler;
a cylindrical waveguide provided with an input coupler and an output coupler in an axial direction;
the input coupler is used for coupling the received light rays and diffracting the coupled light rays into the cylindrical waveguide, so that the coupled main light rays are propagated in a total reflection manner along the axial direction of the cylindrical waveguide, and finally, the light rays with different wavelengths and the same visual angle are converged in a specific area;
and the output coupler is arranged at the specific area, receives the converged light and enables the light rays with different wavelengths to exit through the output coupler at the same visual angle.
2. The cylindrical waveguide based color near-eye display device of claim 1 wherein there are three microdisplays for producing a blue wavelength image, a red wavelength image and a green wavelength image, respectively.
3. The cylindrical waveguide based color near-to-eye display device of claim 1 wherein the microdisplay is selected from an OLED display, an LCoS microdisplay, an LCD microdisplay, a DMD microdisplay, or a MEMS microdisplay.
4. The cylindrical waveguide-based color near-to-eye display device of claim 1, wherein the relay optical system comprises a spherical lens group or an aspherical lens group or a combination of a spherical lens group and an aspherical lens group, and different relay optical systems can be the same module or different modules.
5. The cylindrical waveguide-based color near-eye display device of claim 1, wherein the cylindrical waveguide is a single-layer cylindrical waveguide.
6. The cylindrical waveguide-based color near-eye display device of claim 1, wherein the cylindrical waveguide is a curved surface goggle or a portion of a curved surface goggle.
7. The cylindrical waveguide based color near-to-eye display device of claim 1 or 6 wherein the microdisplay array, the relay optical system, and the input coupler are distributed on the side of the cylindrical waveguide facing away from the human eye.
8. The cylindrical waveguide-based color near-to-eye display device of claim 1, wherein the input coupler or the output coupler is disposed on an inner wall surface or an outer wall surface of the cylindrical waveguide, and the surface curvature is in conformity with the inner wall surface or the outer wall surface of the waveguide.
9. The cylindrical waveguide-based color near-to-eye display device of claim 1 wherein the input coupler is a reflective diffractive optical element or a transmissive diffractive optical element; the output coupler is a reflective diffractive optical element or a transmissive diffractive optical element, and the diffractive optical element is a holographic surface, a volume holographic grating or a surface relief grating.
10. A method for color near-to-eye display based on a cylindrical waveguide, comprising:
aiming at the same image to be displayed, a plurality of single-wavelength full-field-angle images are respectively generated by using the micro display sets;
respectively carrying out light ray transmission form adjustment on image light rays output by the micro display unit by using a relay optical system, and transmitting the adjusted light rays to the input coupler at the corresponding position;
the input coupler is used for respectively coupling the light rays output by the relay optical system, and coupling light beams are diffracted into the cylindrical waveguide, so that coupling main light rays are propagated in a total reflection manner along the axial direction of the cylindrical waveguide, and finally, the light rays with different wavelengths and the same visual angle are converged in a specific area;
the output coupler arranged in a specific area is used for receiving the converged light, and the light rays with different wavelengths are emitted out through the output coupler at the same field angle, so that the image of the micro display is transmitted to human eyes.
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