CN114250080A - Method for preparing hydrocarbon-rich biofuel by catalyzing grease deoxidation - Google Patents
Method for preparing hydrocarbon-rich biofuel by catalyzing grease deoxidation Download PDFInfo
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- CN114250080A CN114250080A CN202111677458.7A CN202111677458A CN114250080A CN 114250080 A CN114250080 A CN 114250080A CN 202111677458 A CN202111677458 A CN 202111677458A CN 114250080 A CN114250080 A CN 114250080A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G3/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
- C10G3/42—Catalytic treatment
- C10G3/44—Catalytic treatment characterised by the catalyst used
- C10G3/45—Catalytic treatment characterised by the catalyst used containing iron group metals or compounds thereof
- C10G3/46—Catalytic treatment characterised by the catalyst used containing iron group metals or compounds thereof in combination with chromium, molybdenum, tungsten metals or compounds thereof
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/40—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11, as exemplified by patent documents US3702886, GB1334243 and US3709979, respectively
- B01J29/48—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11, as exemplified by patent documents US3702886, GB1334243 and US3709979, respectively containing arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G3/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
- C10G3/42—Catalytic treatment
- C10G3/44—Catalytic treatment characterised by the catalyst used
- C10G3/48—Catalytic treatment characterised by the catalyst used further characterised by the catalyst support
- C10G3/49—Catalytic treatment characterised by the catalyst used further characterised by the catalyst support containing crystalline aluminosilicates, e.g. molecular sieves
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G3/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
- C10G3/50—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids in the presence of hydrogen, hydrogen donors or hydrogen generating compounds
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2229/00—Aspects of molecular sieve catalysts not covered by B01J29/00
- B01J2229/10—After treatment, characterised by the effect to be obtained
- B01J2229/18—After treatment, characterised by the effect to be obtained to introduce other elements into or onto the molecular sieve itself
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P30/00—Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry
- Y02P30/20—Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry using bio-feedstock
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing hydrocarbon-rich biofuel oil by catalyzing grease deoxidation, and belongs to the technical field of biomass energy pretreatment. The method is to prepare hydrocarbon-rich bio-fuel oil by catalyzing the deoxidation of a grease raw material by using a supported nickel-molybdenum-rhenium trimetal catalyst; the mass ratio of the grease to the catalyst is 1:1-100:1, the reaction temperature is 180-. The catalyst does not need to be vulcanized, so that the problem of product pollution caused by leaching of sulfur elements is avoided. The prepared catalyst is mainly used for removing oxygen atoms in grease in the form of water molecules, so that the loss of carbon atoms is avoided, and the yield of the biofuel oil is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of biomass energy pretreatment, and particularly relates to a method for preparing hydrocarbon-rich bio-fuel oil by catalyzing grease deoxidation.
Background
With the global demand for traditional fossil fuels becoming greater, fossil energy sources are increasingly being depleted. On the other hand, the combustion of conventional fossil fuels results in the emission of a large amount of greenhouse gases and toxic gaseous compounds, which not only causes global warming, but also causes severe environmental pollution. The production of liquid green bio-fuel oil by using renewable and low-cost grease (the main components are fatty glyceride and free fatty acid) as raw materials becomes the most attractive option. At present, the catalyst commonly used for catalyzing grease to prepare hydrocarbon-rich raw fuel oil is mainly metal sulfide (such as NiMoS)4And CoMoS4Etc.) and noble metal catalysts (e.g., gamma-Al)2O3Supported noble metals Pd, Pt, Ir, etc.). However, the development of noble metal catalysts is severely restricted by the high price of the noble metal catalysts, the harsh reaction conditions of metal sulfides, the leaching of toxic element sulfur in the reaction process and other problems. In addition, the above-mentioned catalyst often causes decarboxylation and decarbonylation of fats and oils during the catalytic deoxygenation of fats and oils, thereby causing partial loss of carbon atoms and reducing the yield of hydrocarbon-rich bio-fuel oil.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a method for preparing hydrocarbon-rich bio-fuel oil by catalyzing grease deoxidation, wherein a NiMoRe/H-ZSM-5 catalyst with low cost is used in the method, and the catalyst does not need to be subjected to vulcanization treatment, so that the problems that a noble metal catalyst has high price and a metal sulfide catalyst is polluted by products caused by sulfur element leaching in the grease hydrodeoxygenation process are solved.
In order to solve the problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for preparing hydrocarbon-rich biofuel by catalyzing grease deoxidation utilizes a supported nickel-molybdenum-rhenium trimetal catalyst to catalyze the deoxidation of a grease raw material to prepare the hydrocarbon-rich biofuel; the mass ratio of the grease to the catalyst is 1:1-100:1, the reaction temperature is 180-.
According to the method for preparing the hydrocarbon-rich biofuel oil by catalyzing the oil deoxidation, the supported nickel-molybdenum-rhenium trimetallic catalyst is prepared by adopting an impregnation method.
According to the method for preparing the hydrocarbon-rich bio-fuel oil by catalyzing the oil deoxidation, the loading capacity of fixed metal nickel in a supported nickel-molybdenum-rhenium trimetallic catalyst is 10 wt%, the loading capacity of rhenium is 2 wt%, and the molar ratio of the supported metal nickel to molybdenum is 0.1:1-6: 1.
The method for preparing the hydrocarbon-rich biofuel by catalyzing the deoxygenation of the grease has the advantages that the mass ratio of the grease to the catalyst is 5:1-10:1, the reaction temperature is 200-260 ℃, the hydrogen pressure is 4.0-5.0MPa, and the reaction time is 3.0-8.0 h.
According to the method for preparing the hydrocarbon-rich bio-fuel oil by catalyzing the oil deoxidation, the loading capacity of fixed metal nickel in a supported nickel-molybdenum-rhenium trimetallic catalyst is 10 wt%, the loading capacity of rhenium is 2 wt%, and the molar ratio of the supported metal nickel to molybdenum is 0.5:1-2: 1.
According to the method for preparing the hydrocarbon-rich bio-fuel oil by catalyzing the grease deoxidation, the supported nickel-molybdenum-rhenium trimetallic catalyst is NiMoRe/H-ZSM-5, and Si/Al in the carrier H-ZSM-5 is 25.
The method for preparing the hydrocarbon-rich biofuel by catalyzing the deoxidation of the grease comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing Ni (NO)3)2·6H2O、(NH4)6Mo7O24·4H2O and NH4ReO4Dissolving in distilled water, and stirring at 60 deg.C to dissolve; adding an H-ZSM-5 carrier into the salt solution, stirring for 3.0H, and evaporating the solvent to obtain a catalyst precursor;
(2) the catalyst precursor is dried for 12H at the temperature of 100 ℃, and the dried solid is roasted for 5.0H at the temperature of 400 ℃ to obtain the catalyst NiMoRe/H-ZSM-5.
The method for preparing the hydrocarbon-rich biofuel by catalyzing the deoxidation of the grease comprises the following steps:
(1) adding a grease raw material and a supported nickel-molybdenum-rhenium trimetal catalyst into a reaction vessel, purging the reaction vessel by using hydrogen to remove internal air, pressurizing the reaction vessel, heating to a reaction temperature, and starting to react;
(2) after the reaction is finished, separating the reaction liquid to obtain the diesel chain alkane and the catalyst.
According to the method for preparing the hydrocarbon-rich biofuel oil by catalyzing the deoxidation of the grease, before the catalyst is used, the reduction is carried out for 3.0h under the condition of pure hydrogen at 500 ℃.
According to the method for preparing the hydrocarbon-rich biofuel oil by catalyzing the deoxidation of the oil, the oil raw material is soybean oil.
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) the catalyst does not need to be vulcanized, so that the problem of product pollution caused by leaching of sulfur elements is avoided.
(2) High catalytic activity, mild reaction condition, and high catalytic activity at the reaction temperature of 180 ℃ and 350 ℃ and the pressure of 0.5-10MPa2The aim of converting the grease into the hydrocarbon-rich biofuel can be fulfilled within the range.
(3) The prepared catalyst is mainly used for removing oxygen atoms in grease in the form of water molecules, so that the loss of carbon atoms is avoided, and the yield of the biofuel oil is improved.
(4) The catalyst has low preparation cost and does not add any element harmful to the environment.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a gas chromatogram of the liquid product of example 2.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with examples are described in detail below. The results of the alkane yield calculation are as follows:
example 1
Preparation of a catalyst NiMoRe/H-ZSM-5:
nickel nitrate hexahydrate (Ni (NO) is adopted3)2·6H2O), ammonium molybdate ((NH)4)6Mo7O24·4H2O) and ammonium perrhenate (NH)4ReO4) H-ZSM-5 (Si) as the desired inorganic salt25) as a carrier. The specific synthesis steps are as follows:
(1) mixing Ni (NO)3)2·6H2O、(NH4)6Mo7O24·4H2O and NH4ReO4Dissolving in distilled water, and stirring at 60 deg.C. Next, the H-ZSM-5 carrier was added to the above salt solution at 60 ℃. After stirring for about 3.0h at 60 ℃, evaporating the solvent to obtain a catalyst precursor; wherein the loading of Ni is 10 wt%, the loading of Re is 2 wt%, and the molar ratio of Ni to Mo is 1: 1;
(2) drying the obtained solid at 100 ℃ for 12H, and roasting the dried solid at 400 ℃ for 5.0H to obtain a catalyst NiMoRe/H-ZSM-5;
(3) the catalyst is reduced for 3.0h under the condition of pure hydrogen at 500 ℃, and is applied to the preparation of hydrocarbon-rich bio-fuel oil by grease deoxidation catalyzed in the embodiment 2-9.
Example 2
A method for preparing hydrocarbon-rich biofuel by catalyzing soybean oil to deoxidize comprises the following specific steps:
10g of soybean oil and 3g of the catalyst prepared in example 1 were charged into a 50mL reaction vessel, and the stirring rate was set to 1000 r/min. The inside air was removed by purging the reaction vessel with hydrogen 3 times, and subsequently, the reaction vessel was pressurized to 6.0 MPa. And opening a heating switch, raising the temperature to 210 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 8.0 h. After the reaction kettle was cooled to room temperature, the liquid product after the reaction was analyzed and the catalyst was recovered. The yield of alkane was about 83 wt%.
Example 3
A method for preparing hydrocarbon-rich biofuel by catalyzing soybean oil to deoxidize comprises the following specific steps:
10g of soybean oil and 3g of the catalyst prepared in example 1 were charged into a 50mL reaction vessel, and the stirring rate was set to 1000 r/min. The inside air was removed by purging the reaction vessel with hydrogen 3 times, and subsequently, the reaction vessel was pressurized to 6.0 MPa. And opening a heating switch, heating to 200 ℃, and keeping for 5.0 h. After the reaction kettle was cooled to room temperature, the liquid product after the reaction was analyzed and the catalyst was recovered. The yield of alkane was about 72 wt%.
Example 4
A method for preparing hydrocarbon-rich biofuel by catalyzing soybean oil to deoxidize comprises the following specific steps:
10g of soybean oil and 3g of the catalyst prepared in example 1 were charged into a 50mL reaction vessel, and the stirring rate was set to 1000 r/min. The inside air was removed by purging the reaction vessel with hydrogen 3 times, and subsequently, the reaction vessel was pressurized to 5.0 MPa. And opening a heating switch, heating to 250 ℃, and keeping for 6.0 h. After the reaction kettle was cooled to room temperature, the liquid product after the reaction was analyzed and the catalyst was recovered. The yield of alkane was about 84 wt%.
Example 5
A method for preparing hydrocarbon-rich biofuel by catalyzing soybean oil to deoxidize comprises the following specific steps:
10g of soybean oil and 3g of the catalyst prepared in example 1 were charged into a 50mL reaction vessel, and the stirring rate was set to 1000 r/min. The inside air was removed by purging the reaction vessel with hydrogen 3 times, and subsequently, the reaction vessel was pressurized to 5.0 MPa. And opening a heating switch, heating to 300 ℃, and keeping for 3.0 h. After the reaction kettle was cooled to room temperature, the liquid product after the reaction was analyzed and the catalyst was recovered. The yield of alkane was about 83 wt%.
Example 6
A method for preparing hydrocarbon-rich biofuel by catalyzing soybean oil to deoxidize comprises the following specific steps:
10g of soybean oil and 3g of the catalyst prepared in example 1 were charged into a 50mL reaction vessel, and the stirring rate was set to 1000 r/min. The inside air was removed by purging the reaction vessel with hydrogen 3 times, and subsequently, the reaction vessel was pressurized to 6.0 MPa. And opening a heating switch, raising the temperature to 210 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 5.0 h. After the reaction kettle was cooled to room temperature, the liquid product after the reaction was analyzed and the catalyst was recovered. The yield of alkane was about 76 wt%.
Example 7
A method for preparing hydrocarbon-rich biofuel by catalyzing soybean oil to deoxidize comprises the following specific steps:
10g of soybean oil and 3g of the catalyst prepared in example 1 were charged into a 50mL reaction vessel, and the stirring rate was set to 1000 r/min. The inside air was removed by purging the reaction vessel with hydrogen 3 times, and subsequently, the reaction vessel was pressurized to 5.0 MPa. And opening a heating switch, raising the temperature to 230 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 6.0 h. After the reaction kettle was cooled to room temperature, the liquid product after the reaction was analyzed and the catalyst was recovered. The yield of alkane was about 80 wt%.
Example 8
A method for preparing hydrocarbon-rich biofuel by catalyzing soybean oil to deoxidize comprises the following specific steps:
10g of soybean oil and 1g of the catalyst prepared in example 1 were charged into a 50mL reaction vessel, and the stirring rate was set to 1000 r/min. The inside air was removed by purging the reaction vessel with hydrogen 3 times, and subsequently, the reaction vessel was pressurized to 6.0 MPa. And opening a heating switch, heating to 250 ℃, and keeping for 8.0 h. After the reaction kettle was cooled to room temperature, the liquid product after the reaction was analyzed and the catalyst was recovered. The yield of alkane was about 75 wt%.
Example 9
A method for preparing hydrocarbon-rich biofuel by catalyzing soybean oil to deoxidize comprises the following specific steps:
10g of soybean oil and 2g of the catalyst prepared in example 1 were charged into a 50mL reaction vessel, and the stirring rate was set to 1000 r/min. The inside air was removed by purging the reaction vessel with hydrogen 3 times, and subsequently, the reaction vessel was pressurized to 5.0 MPa. And opening a heating switch, heating to 300 ℃, and keeping for 5.0 h. After the reaction kettle was cooled to room temperature, the liquid product after the reaction was analyzed and the catalyst was recovered. The yield of alkane was about 84 wt%.
Claims (10)
1. A method for preparing hydrocarbon-rich biofuel by catalyzing grease deoxidation is characterized in that a supported nickel-molybdenum-rhenium trimetallic catalyst is used for catalyzing the grease raw material to deoxidize to prepare the hydrocarbon-rich biofuel; the mass ratio of the grease to the catalyst is 1:1-100:1, the reaction temperature is 180-.
2. The method for preparing the hydrocarbon-rich biofuel oil by catalyzing the deoxygenation of the grease as recited in claim 1, wherein the supported nickel-molybdenum-rhenium trimetallic catalyst is prepared by an impregnation method.
3. The method for preparing the hydrocarbon-rich bio-fuel oil by catalyzing the deoxygenation of the grease according to claim 1, wherein the loading amount of the fixed metal nickel in the supported nickel-molybdenum-rhenium trimetallic catalyst is 10 wt%, the loading amount of the rhenium is 2 wt%, and the molar ratio of the supported metal nickel to the molybdenum is 0.1:1-6: 1.
4. The method for preparing hydrocarbon-rich biofuel by catalyzing the deoxygenation of the oil and the grease as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the oil and the catalyst is 5:1-10:1, the reaction temperature is 200-260 ℃, the hydrogen pressure is 4.0-5.0MPa, and the reaction time is 3.0-8.0 h.
5. The method for preparing the hydrocarbon-rich biofuel by catalyzing the deoxygenation of the grease according to claim 1 or 3, wherein the loading amount of the fixed metal nickel in the supported nickel-molybdenum-rhenium trimetallic catalyst is 10 wt%, the loading amount of the rhenium is 2 wt%, and the molar ratio of the supported metal nickel to the molybdenum is 0.5:1-2: 1.
6. The method for preparing the hydrocarbon-rich biofuel oil by catalyzing the deoxygenation of the grease according to claim 1, wherein the supported nickel-molybdenum-rhenium trimetallic catalyst is NiMoRe/H-ZSM-5, and Si/Al is 25 in the carrier H-ZSM-5.
7. The method for preparing the hydrocarbon-rich biofuel by catalyzing the deoxidation of the grease as claimed in claim 6, wherein the preparation method of the catalyst NiMoRe/H-ZSM-5 comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing Ni (NO)3)2·6H2O、(NH4)6Mo7O24·4H2O and NH4ReO4Dissolving in distilled water, and stirring at 60 deg.C to dissolve; adding an H-ZSM-5 carrier into the salt solution, stirring for 3.0H, and evaporating the solvent to obtain a catalyst precursor;
(2) the catalyst precursor is dried for 12H at the temperature of 100 ℃, and the dried solid is roasted for 5.0H at the temperature of 400 ℃ to obtain the catalyst NiMoRe/H-ZSM-5.
8. The method for preparing the hydrocarbon-rich biofuel oil by catalyzing the deoxygenation of the grease according to claim 1, which comprises the following steps:
(1) adding a grease raw material and a supported nickel-molybdenum-rhenium trimetal catalyst into a reaction vessel, purging the reaction vessel by using hydrogen to remove internal air, pressurizing the reaction vessel, heating to a reaction temperature, and starting to react;
(2) after the reaction is finished, separating the reaction liquid to obtain the diesel chain alkane and the catalyst.
9. The method for preparing the hydrocarbon-rich biofuel by catalyzing the deoxygenation of the grease of claim 1 or 8, wherein the catalyst is reduced for 3.0 hours under the condition of pure hydrogen at 500 ℃ before being used.
10. The method for preparing the hydrocarbon-rich biofuel oil by catalyzing the deoxygenation of the oil according to claim 1 or 8, wherein the oil raw material is soybean oil.
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102433148A (en) * | 2011-10-20 | 2012-05-02 | 北京航空航天大学 | Method for preparing bio-fuel by unsulfurized catalyst |
| US20150057475A1 (en) * | 2013-08-23 | 2015-02-26 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Bi-functional catalyst and processes for conversion of biomass to fuel-range hydrocarbons |
| CN105441108A (en) * | 2014-08-20 | 2016-03-30 | 中国科学院青岛生物能源与过程研究所 | Method for preparation of diesel components by triglyceride hydrodeoxygenation |
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2021
- 2021-12-31 CN CN202111677458.7A patent/CN114250080B/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102433148A (en) * | 2011-10-20 | 2012-05-02 | 北京航空航天大学 | Method for preparing bio-fuel by unsulfurized catalyst |
| US20150057475A1 (en) * | 2013-08-23 | 2015-02-26 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Bi-functional catalyst and processes for conversion of biomass to fuel-range hydrocarbons |
| CN105441108A (en) * | 2014-08-20 | 2016-03-30 | 中国科学院青岛生物能源与过程研究所 | Method for preparation of diesel components by triglyceride hydrodeoxygenation |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| SAJEDEH JAFARIAN等: "Catalytic hydrotreating of pyro-oil derived from green microalgae spirulina the (Arthrospira) plantensis over NiMo catalysts impregnated over a novel hybrid support", 《INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY》 * |
| SKONRACH THONGKUMKOON等: "Catalytic activity of trimetallic sulfided Re-Ni-Mo/γ-Al2O3 toward deoxygenation of palm feedstocks", 《RENEWABLE ENERGY》 * |
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