CN114249398A - Construction method of efficient electro-Fenton cathode material and application of efficient electro-Fenton cathode material in water treatment - Google Patents
Construction method of efficient electro-Fenton cathode material and application of efficient electro-Fenton cathode material in water treatment Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
- C02F1/467—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection; by electrooxydation or by electroreduction
- C02F1/4672—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection; by electrooxydation or by electroreduction by electrooxydation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
- C02F1/725—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation by catalytic oxidation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2305/00—Use of specific compounds during water treatment
- C02F2305/02—Specific form of oxidant
- C02F2305/026—Fenton's reagent
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of electrochemistry and water treatment, in particular to a construction method of a high-efficiency electro-Fenton cathode material and application of the high-efficiency electro-Fenton cathode material in water treatment. Aiming at the defects of poor mass transfer and H existing in the traditional electro-Fenton cathode material2O2The invention takes the carbon fiber as a research object, and sequentially carries out the processes of pre-oxidation, carbonization, graphitization, activation and the like in the post-treatment process of the carbon fiber, thereby obtaining the electro-Fenton cathode material with proper pore structure, higher specific surface, good conductivity and electrochemical activity. The substrate of the carbon fiber electrode obtained by the invention has higher graphitization degree, so that the carbon fiber electrode has excellent conductivity; the surface of the material has a large number of ravines and abundant nitrogen-containing functional groups because of high specific surface area and good two-electron oxygen reduction activity. In addition, the carbon fiber electrode obtained by the invention also has an excellent mesoporous structure and can effectively realizeImproving the mass transfer step of the electro-Fenton process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electrochemistry and water treatment, in particular to a construction method of a high-efficiency electro-Fenton cathode material and application of the high-efficiency electro-Fenton cathode material in water treatment.
Background
In recent years, with the rapid development of industries such as petroleum chemical fiber, paper making, printing and dyeing, rubber and plastic and the like, industrial wastewater containing a large amount of pollutants is increased day by day, and the industrial wastewater enters water circulation to cause serious pollution to the environment. Environmental protection workers have made various attempts to search for efficient, economical treatment of such wastewaters, and have proposed a number of treatment methods. However, for some wastewater containing organic pollutants difficult to biodegrade, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, halogenated hydrocarbons, heterocyclic compounds, organic dyes, etc., even if conventional physical, chemical or biological treatment is adopted, the emission standard is still difficult to achieve, or the treatment cost is extremely high, so that the treatment of the organic wastewater difficult to biodegrade becomes a research hotspot. The Fenton oxidation method is a typical advanced oxidation technology which can efficiently generate strong oxidative hydroxyl radicals, but H still exists2O2Low utilization rate, fast oxidation efficiency attenuation and Fe2+Difficult regeneration, large sludge amount and the like. In order to overcome the defects, some auxiliary means (such as light, electricity, ultrasound, microwave and the like) are introduced into a Fenton system, wherein the electric Fenton technology refers to a Fenton reagent which is generated partially or completely in situ by an electrochemical method and has H2O2Can be generated in situ, Fe2+Can be reduced and regenerated at the cathode, has less sludge and the like.
In cathodic processes of the electro-Fenton system, H2O2Is generated by the 2 electron reduction reaction of dissolved oxygen on the surface of the cathode, so the cathode material with high-efficiency 2 electron oxygen reduction activity (ORR) is the key for ensuring the high-efficiency proceeding of the electro-Fenton reaction. However, the existing electro-Fenton cathode still has poor mass transfer, low oxygen utilization rate and H2O2The defects of low efficiency of generated current, high energy consumption and the like are overcome, and the research on the correlation between the oxygen reduction performance and the cathode material structure is still less at the present stage. Therefore, there is a need to intensively investigate the electric Fenton cathode material.
Among the cathode materials available in the electro-Fenton system, carbon materials have already begun to be used in the 70 s of the last century because of their good electrical conductivity, corrosion resistance and chemical stability, and their high hydrogen evolution potentialIs widely applied to the oxygen reduction reaction to generate H2O2In the study of (1). Up to now, carbon materials for the electro-Fenton process have been reported mainly as graphite, activated carbon fiber, carbon nanotube, reticulated vitreous carbon, carbon sponge, graphite felt, and the like. In fact, the specific surface area of the current commercial PAN-based carbon fiber felt is only 0.05-0.5 m2 g-1While the specific surface area of other commonly used carbon materials is several hundred or even thousands of square meters per gram, thus increasing the electrode area of the carbon fiber felt for its electrogenesis H2O2The improvement in performance may be more significant. Furthermore, more 2 electron ORR is required in the electro-Fenton system, which requires better selectivity of the surface active components of the electrode for 2 electron ORR, and in this respect nitrogen containing groups show greater potential than oxygen containing groups. Therefore, the introduction of more nitrogen-containing functional groups is beneficial to the implementation of 2-electron ORR and is more beneficial to the electrogeneration of H2O2The efficiency is improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a construction method of a high-efficiency electro-Fenton cathode material and application of the high-efficiency electro-Fenton cathode material in water treatment.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a construction method of a high-efficiency electro-Fenton cathode material takes carbon fibers as a research object, and the post-treatment process of the carbon fibers comprises the steps of pre-oxidation, carbonization, graphitization and activation in sequence, so that the electro-Fenton cathode material with a proper pore structure, a high specific surface, good conductivity and electrochemical activity is obtained, and the surface of the activated electro-Fenton cathode material has a nitrogen-containing functional group; the nitrogen-containing functional group comprises: graphite nitrogen, pyrrole nitrogen and pyridine nitrogen, wherein the content of the graphite nitrogen is 20-50 at%, the content of the pyrrole nitrogen is 15-35 at%, and the content of the pyridine nitrogen is 10-30 at%.
The method for constructing the high-efficiency electro-Fenton cathode material selects the carbon fiber as any one of polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fiber felt, viscose-based carbon fiber felt and pitch-based carbon fiber felt, and the filament diameter of the fiber is between 50nm and 20 mu m.
The construction method of the high-efficiency electro-Fenton cathode material preferably has the fiber diameter of 100 nm-2 mu m.
According to the construction method of the high-efficiency electro-Fenton cathode material, the technical indexes of the electro-Fenton cathode material are as follows: the pore structure is a mesoporous structure with the pore diameter of 4-10 nm, and the specific surface area is 50-500 m2 g-1The conductivity is 50-200S cm-1H is generated electrically2O2The efficiency is up to more than 98%.
The construction method of the high-efficiency electro-Fenton cathode material comprises the following steps:
(1) placing the carbon fiber felt in a muffle furnace for pre-oxidation at 200-350 ℃ and at a heating rate of 1-10 ℃ for min-1Pre-oxidizing for 1-3 h to obtain a pre-oxidized felt;
(2) carbonizing the pre-oxidized felt in an inert protective atmosphere, wherein the carbonizing temperature is 500-1800 ℃, and the heating rate is 2-10 ℃ for min-1Carbonizing for 0.5-5 h to obtain a carbon fiber felt;
(3) graphitizing the carbon fiber felt in an argon atmosphere at 2000-2800 ℃ at a heating rate of 5-10 ℃ for min-1Graphitizing for 0.5-12 h to obtain a graphite fiber felt;
(4) activating the obtained graphite fibrofelt in an ammonia gas or mixed gas atmosphere of ammonia gas and nitrogen gas at the activation temperature of 600-1200 ℃ and the heating rate of 2-10 ℃ for min-1And activating for 0.5-5 h to obtain the activated fiber felt, namely the high-efficiency electro-Fenton cathode material.
According to the construction method of the high-efficiency electro-Fenton cathode material, in the step (2), the inert protective atmosphere is one or two of nitrogen and argon.
According to the construction method of the high-efficiency electro-Fenton cathode material, in the electro-Fenton cathode material, the proportion of nitrogen-containing functional groups is 3-10 at% (preferably 6-8 at%).
The high-efficiency electro-Fenton cathode material is used in water treatmentThe application of the high-efficiency electro-Fenton cathode material in the electro-Fenton process has high selectivity and good electrochemical stability for 2-electron oxygen reduction reaction in an acid solution, and the electro-generation of H2O2The efficiency is more than 98%.
The design idea of the invention is as follows:
aiming at the defects of poor mass transfer and H existing in the traditional electro-Fenton cathode material2O2The invention takes the carbon fiber as a research object, and sequentially carries out the processes of pre-oxidation, carbonization, graphitization, activation and the like in the post-treatment process of the carbon fiber, thereby obtaining the electro-Fenton cathode material with proper pore structure, higher specific surface, good conductivity and electrochemical activity. The graphitization treatment can improve the conductivity of the electrode, and the activation treatment can not only improve the selectivity of 2-electron ORR, but also further optimize the pore structure of the electrode, so that the specific surface area and the mesoporous proportion of the electrode are improved, and the mass transfer process of the surface of the electrode is further improved.
The invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that:
(1) the carbon fiber electrode has a substrate with high graphitization degree, so that the carbon fiber electrode has excellent conductivity and can greatly reduce ohmic polarization.
(2) The carbon fiber electrode has a large amount of ravines and abundant nitrogen-containing functional groups on the surface, and the electrochemical polarization of the carbon fiber electrode can be greatly reduced due to the high specific surface and good two-electron oxygen reduction activity.
(3) The carbon fiber electrode also has an excellent mesoporous structure, and can effectively improve the mass transfer step in the electro-Fenton process.
(4) The preparation method of the carbon fiber electrode is based on the existing post-treatment process of the carbon fiber felt, the carbon fiber felt is properly improved, additional production equipment is not needed, the process is simple, the cost is low, and the engineering preparation of the high-efficiency electro-Fenton cathode material is easy to realize.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a surface topography of carbon fiber electrodes prepared in comparative example 1(a) and example 1 (b).
Fig. 2 is a pore size distribution diagram of the carbon fiber electrodes prepared in example 1 and comparative example 1. In the figure, the abscissa Pore diameter represents the Pore diameter (nm), and the ordinate dV/dD represents the change in the internal Pore volume (cm) between the unit Pore regions3 g-1nm-1)。
Fig. 3 is a N1s fitted peak separation plot for the carbon fiber electrodes prepared in example 1 and comparative example 1. In the figure, the abscissa Binding Energy represents the Binding Energy (eV), and the ordinate Intensity represents the relative Intensity (A.U.).
FIG. 4 shows the electrogenerated H of the carbon fiber electrodes prepared in example 1 and comparative example 12O2Performance curve of (d); (a) h2O2Cumulative concentration and current efficiency change curves with electrolysis Time, Time on abscissa representing Time (min), and C (H) on left ordinate2O2) Represents H in the electrolyte2O2Concentration of (mg L)-1) The right ordinate CE represents the current efficiency (%) of the electro-fenton process; (b) the Cycle performance curve of the carbon fiber electrode in example 1, with the abscissa Cycle number representing the number of cycles, and the ordinate C (H)2O2) Represents H in the electrolyte2O2Concentration of (mg L)-1)。
Detailed Description
In order that the invention may be more fully understood, reference will now be made to the following description. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
The present invention will be described in further detail below by way of examples, comparative examples and the accompanying drawings.
Example 1
In this embodiment, the method for constructing the high-efficiency electro-fenton cathode material is as follows:
(1) firstly, dissolving Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) powder in N, N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) to ensure that the concentration of polyacrylonitrile is 12 wt.%, and magnetically stirring the polyacrylonitrile powder for 4 hours at 60 ℃ to form spinning solution; then, 10mL of the spinning solution was extracted by a syringe to conduct electrospinning, and a syringe needle having a diameter of 0.6mm was used as an electrospinning nozzle and a roll was used as a receiver. In the spinning process, the voltage between the syringe needle and the roller is controlled to be 20kV, the distance between the syringe needle and the roller is 10cm, the rotating speed of the roller is 500r/min, and the spinning temperature and the spinning humidity are respectively 25 ℃ and 40% RH, so that the polyacrylonitrile original felt is obtained.
(2) Firstly, the polyacrylonitrile felt is put into a muffle furnace, and is heated at 280 ℃ in air atmosphere (the heating rate is 3 ℃ for min)-1) Pre-oxidizing for 1h at 1000 deg.C under the protection of argon (heating rate of 3 deg.C for min)-1) Carbonizing for 2h to obtain polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fiber felt (PAN-CNFs); then, the polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fiber felt is placed in an argon atmosphere at 2300 ℃ (the heating rate is 6 ℃ for min-1) Graphitizing for 2h, cooling and putting into NH3At 800 deg.C in the atmosphere (heating rate of 3 deg.C for min)-1) Performing an activation treatment for 1h, wherein NH3Flow rate 50sccm, NH after incubation3And cooling to room temperature in the atmosphere to obtain an activated polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fiber felt, taking out a sample, and marking the sample as N-PAN-CNFs, namely the high-efficiency electro-Fenton cathode material.
The above-mentioned PAN-CNFs were compared with the N-PAN-CNFs of example 1 as a comparative example. First, PAN-CNFs and N-PAN-CNFs were used as working electrodes (surface area: 1 cm)2) A mesh DSA (dimensional Stable electrodes) electrode was used as an auxiliary electrode (surface area of 9 cm)2) Saturated Calomel Electrode (SCE) as reference electrode for generating H2O2And testing the oxygen reduction performance. Wherein, in order to reduce the liquid potential and avoid the reference electrode from being polluted, the reference electrode and the electrolyte are connected by a salt bridge, all voltages in the textThe values are relative SCE voltages. Electricity generation H2O2The experiment was carried out in the three-electrode system described above, with H at a pH of 32SO4+Na2SO4The solution is electrolyte (Na)2SO4For supporting electrolyte, its concentration is 0.1mol L-1，H2SO4The concentration is 0.001mol L-1The volume of the solution was 0.5L). The electrolysis is controlled by using CHI700E constant potential/constant current instrument manufactured by Shanghai Chenghua apparatus Co., Ltd, the constant current mode is adopted for the electrolysis, the electrolytic current is 100mA, a certain amount of electrolyte is measured from an electrolytic bath every 25min, and after filtration, the ultraviolet spectrum is recorded by using a UV2450 spectrophotometer manufactured by Shanghai Meiou analytical apparatus Co., Ltd.
As a result, it was found that the diameters of the fibers of the N-PAN-CNFs in example 1 and the PAN-CNFs as a comparative example were both around 200nm, as shown in FIG. 1, indicating that the influence of the graphitization and activation treatment on the outer shape was small. However, the surface of the N-PAN-CNFs is significantly reduced in the number of particles relative to the PAN-CNFs (FIG. 1(a)), and more ravines are formed on the surface (FIG. 1(b)), which is undoubtedly beneficial to increase the specific surface of the N-PAN-CNFs.
Further, the specific surface area of PAN-CNFs was 53.6m2 g-1Mainly micropores of about 2nm and mesopores of about 5nm, as shown in FIG. 2; while the specific surface area of the N-PAN-CNFs was 89.7m2 g-1Mainly mesopores of about 4.5nm and 7nm, and more mesopore proportion is obviously more beneficial to the mass transfer process of electroactive substances.
Further, as can be seen from the N1s fitting peak separation maps of the carbon fiber electrodes of the examples and comparative examples (fig. 3), the proportion of nitrogen-containing functional groups in PAN-CNFs was 3.98 at%; among the nitrogen-containing functional groups of PAN-CNFs, the pyridine nitrogen content (55 at%) is relatively high, while the graphite nitrogen content (18 at%) is slightly lower than the pyrrole nitrogen content (22 at%), the total content of both graphite nitrogen and pyrrole nitrogen being about 40 at%, 5 at% being other nitrogen oxides; in the N-PAN-CNFs, the proportion of the nitrogen-containing functional groups is 7.62 at%; in the nitrogen-containing functional groups of N-PAN-CNFs, the pyridine nitrogen content (21 at%) is greatly reduced, but the graphite nitrogen content (38 at%) is greatly increased, while the pyrrole nitrogen containsThe amount (24 at%) was also increased, 17 at% being other nitrogen oxides. Considering that the content of nitrogen elements in the N-PAN-CNFs is remarkably increased, the absolute quantities of pyrrole nitrogen and graphite nitrogen (particularly the latter) are both greatly increased, and the introduction of more pyrrole nitrogen and graphite nitrogen is beneficial to the proceeding of 2-electron ORR and more beneficial to the generation of H2O2The efficiency is improved.
As shown in FIG. 4(a), PAN-CNFs generate H2O2The reduction amplitude of the current efficiency along with the electrolysis time is obviously larger than that of the N-PAN-CNFs, which shows that the N-PAN-CNFs have more excellent electrogenesis performance. In addition, as shown in FIG. 4(b), N-PAN-CNFs also exhibit better cycling stability.
Example 2
In this embodiment, the method for constructing the high-efficiency electro-fenton cathode material is as follows:
(1) firstly, dissolving Lignin powder (Lignin) in N, N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) to make the Lignin concentration be 15 wt.%, and magnetically stirring at 60 ℃ for 4h to form a spinning solution; then, 10mL of the spinning solution was extracted by a syringe to conduct electrospinning, and a syringe needle having a diameter of 0.6mm was used as an electrospinning nozzle and a roll was used as a receiver. In the spinning process, the voltage between the syringe needle and the roller is controlled to be 20kV, the distance between the syringe needle and the roller is 10cm, the rotating speed of the roller is 500r/min, and the spinning temperature and the spinning humidity are respectively 25 ℃ and 40% RH, so that the viscose-based original felt is obtained.
(2) Firstly, the prepared viscose-based felt is put into a muffle furnace and is heated at 250 ℃ in air atmosphere (the heating rate is 5 ℃ for min)-1) Pre-oxidizing for 2h at 1100 deg.C under the protection of argon (heating rate of 5 deg.C for min)-1) Carbonizing for 1h to obtain viscose-based carbon fiber felts (Rayon-CNFs); then, the viscose-based carbon fiber felt is placed in an argon atmosphere at 2600 ℃ (the heating rate is 10 ℃ for min-1) Graphitizing for 1h, cooling and putting into NH3At 1000 deg.C in atmosphere (temperature rising rate of 5 deg.C for min)-1) Performing an activation treatment for 0.5h, wherein NH is added3Flow rate 80sccm, NH after incubation3Cooling to room temperature in the atmosphere to obtain activated viscose-based carbon fiber felt (N-Rayon-CNFs), namely the viscose-based carbon fiber feltThe invention relates to a high-efficiency electro-Fenton cathode material.
The Rayon-CNFs and the N-Rayon-CNFs were used as working electrodes (surface area 1 cm)2) A mesh DSA (dimensional Stable electrodes) electrode was used as an auxiliary electrode (surface area of 9 cm)2) Saturated Calomel Electrode (SCE) as reference electrode for generating H2O2And testing the oxygen reduction performance. Wherein, in order to reduce the liquid potential and avoid the reference electrode from being polluted, the reference electrode and the electrolyte are connected by a salt bridge, and all voltage values are the voltage relative to SCE. Electricity generation H2O2The experiment was carried out in the three-electrode system described above, with H at a pH of 32SO4+Na2SO4The solution is electrolyte (Na)2SO4For supporting electrolyte, its concentration is 0.1mol L-1，H2SO4The concentration is 0.001mol L-1The volume of the solution was 0.5L). The electrolysis is controlled by using CHI700E constant potential/constant current instrument manufactured by Shanghai Chenghua apparatus Co., Ltd, the constant current mode is adopted for the electrolysis, the electrolytic current is 100mA, a certain amount of electrolyte is measured from an electrolytic bath every 25min, and after filtration, the ultraviolet spectrum is recorded by using a UV2450 spectrophotometer manufactured by Shanghai Meiou analytical apparatus Co., Ltd.
As a result, it was found that both Rayon-CNFs and N-Rayon-CNFs had a fiber diameter of about 500 nm. Similarly, the surface of N-Rayon-CNFs has a significantly reduced number of particulate matter and more gullies formed therein than those of Rayon-CNFs.
Further, the specific surface area of the Rayon-CNFs was 28.9m2 g-1Mainly mesopores of about 4 nm. While the specific surface area of N-Rayon-CNFs was 49.3m2 g-1Mainly mesopores of about 5 nm.
In the electro-Fenton cathode material N-Rayon-CNFs of the present example, the proportion of nitrogen-containing functional groups was 6.25 at%. In the nitrogen-containing functional groups of N-Rayon-CNFs, the content of pyridine nitrogen is 29 at%, the content of graphite nitrogen is 35 at%, the content of pyrrole nitrogen is 22 at%, and 14 at% is other nitrogen oxides.
The results of the examples show that carbon nanofiber mats electrogenerated H2O2The reduction of the current efficiency with the electrolysis time is significantly larger than that of the activated carbon nanofiber felt, which shows that the activated carbon nanofiber felt has more excellent electrogenesis performance. In addition, the activated carbon nanofiber mats also exhibit better cycling stability. The carbon fiber is applied to the electro-Fenton process, and is found to have higher selectivity and good electrochemical stability for 2-electron oxygen reduction reaction in an acid solution, and the carbon fiber can generate H through electricity2O2The efficiency is up to more than 98%.
Claims (8)
1. A construction method of a high-efficiency electro-Fenton cathode material is characterized in that carbon fibers are used as research objects, and the post-treatment process of the carbon fibers is sequentially subjected to pre-oxidation, carbonization, graphitization and activation processes, so that the electro-Fenton cathode material with a proper pore structure, a high specific surface, good conductivity and electrochemical activity is obtained, and the surface of the activated electro-Fenton cathode material has a nitrogen-containing functional group; the nitrogen-containing functional group comprises: graphite nitrogen, pyrrole nitrogen and pyridine nitrogen, wherein the content of the graphite nitrogen is 20-50 at%, the content of the pyrrole nitrogen is 15-35 at%, and the content of the pyridine nitrogen is 10-30 at%.
2. The method for constructing a high efficiency electro-Fenton cathode material according to claim 1, wherein the selected carbon fiber is any one of polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fiber felt, viscose-based carbon fiber felt and pitch-based carbon fiber felt, and the diameter of the fiber is between 50nm and 20 μm.
3. The method for constructing a high efficiency electro-Fenton cathode material according to claim 2, wherein the filament diameter of the fiber is preferably 100nm to 2 μm.
4. The method for constructing a high efficiency electro-Fenton cathode material according to claim 1, wherein the electro-Fenton cathode material has the following technical specifications: the pore structure is a mesoporous structure with the pore diameter of 4-10 nm, and the specific surface area is 50-500 m2g-1The conductivity is 50-200S cm-1H is generated electrically2O2The efficiency is up to more than 98%.
5. The method of constructing a high efficiency electro-Fenton cathode material in accordance with claim 1, comprising the steps of:
(1) placing the carbon fiber felt in a muffle furnace for pre-oxidation at 200-350 ℃ and at a heating rate of 1-10 ℃ for min-1Pre-oxidizing for 1-3 h to obtain a pre-oxidized felt;
(2) carbonizing the pre-oxidized felt in an inert protective atmosphere, wherein the carbonizing temperature is 500-1800 ℃, and the heating rate is 2-10 ℃ for min-1Carbonizing for 0.5-5 h to obtain a carbon fiber felt;
(3) graphitizing the carbon fiber felt in an argon atmosphere at 2000-2800 ℃ at a heating rate of 5-10 ℃ for min-1Graphitizing for 0.5-12 h to obtain a graphite fiber felt;
(4) activating the obtained graphite fibrofelt in an ammonia gas or mixed gas atmosphere of ammonia gas and nitrogen gas at the activation temperature of 600-1200 ℃ and the heating rate of 2-10 ℃ for min-1And activating for 0.5-5 h to obtain the activated fiber felt, namely the high-efficiency electro-Fenton cathode material.
6. The method for constructing a high efficiency electro-Fenton cathode material in accordance with claim 5, wherein in step (2), the inert protective atmosphere is one or both of nitrogen and argon.
7. The method for constructing a high-efficiency electro-Fenton cathode material according to claim 5, wherein the proportion of nitrogen-containing functional groups in the electro-Fenton cathode material is 3-10 at%.
8. Use of the high efficiency electro-Fenton cathode material according to any one of claims 1 to 7 in water treatment, wherein the application of the high efficiency electro-Fenton cathode material in electro-Fenton process has high selectivity and good electrochemical stability for 2-electron oxygen reduction reaction in acidic solution, and can generate H by electro-generation2O2The efficiency is more than 98%.
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