CN1142446C - Transient travelling-wave protection tester and its testing method - Google Patents
Transient travelling-wave protection tester and its testing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN1142446C CN1142446C CNB01120138XA CN01120138A CN1142446C CN 1142446 C CN1142446 C CN 1142446C CN B01120138X A CNB01120138X A CN B01120138XA CN 01120138 A CN01120138 A CN 01120138A CN 1142446 C CN1142446 C CN 1142446C
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Abstract
The present invention belongs to the technical field of power systems and is composed of a high-performance digital simulator and a signal conversion and interface unit, wherein the high-performance digital simulator and the signal conversion and interface unit are connected by a serial communication line of a computer, and the high-performance digital simulator and the signal conversion and interface unit run on a PC. The present invention generates wideband high frequency (from 0 to 500KHz), high-power transient traveling-wave voltage (positive and negative 100 V) and transient traveling-wave current (positive and negative 20 A), and is used for relay protection, fault distance measurement and the signal source test of a wave-recorder. As a testing device, the present invention can test the performance of the action of a tested device, such as the speed of the action, the accuracy of the action, etc.
Description
Technical field: the invention belongs to field of power, particularly power system security aut.eq. such as protective relaying device, measuring distance of transmission line fault device and fault oscillograph.
Background technology: in recent years; along with novel protective relaying device, fault location device and high precision fault wave recording device based on the transient state electric parameters are applied to electric system; press for the testing tool that to test such device; and the signal source of a real simulation electric power system fault process is absolutely necessary, and this signal source should be provided by tester.
Be not only that laboratory examination needs a complete test apparatus, and identify that as authoritative department authentication novel relay, stadimeter and a fault oscillograph also need the means of a detection, test.
Digital simulator based on electro-magnetic transient calculation procedure EMTP can carry out relay principle and algorithm test, but can not test actual device; In dynamic simulation experiment, circuit is simulated by a plurality of lumped parameter inductance elements (reactor) series connection, and it can not simulate the transient state travelling wave of propagating on the actual transmission line of electricity; Traditional relay-protection tester can produce the reaying protection test signal that comprises power frequency and each harmonic; also can measure acting characteristic and parameter based on the Microcomputer Protection of power frequency electric parameters; but can not produce transient voltage and the transient current signal of frequency, therefore can not be used for the test of transient protection and travelling wave ranging device up to hundreds of KHz.
RTDS by the development of Canadian Monitoba university is a real-time electric system simulation device, and its adopts Digital Simulation and corresponding analog amplify circuit to simulate the various operation states of electric power system that comprise electric power system fault.Certainly it also can be applied to the relay test.But this pilot system can not produce the transient state travelling wave process of frequency up to hundreds of KHz, therefore can not satisfy the testing requirements of reflection high frequency transient principle devices such as traveling-wave protection, noise protection, no path protection and travelling wave ranging instrument.
Summary of the invention: the objective of the invention is to design a kind of novel transient travelling-wave protection tester, based on this, proposed a kind of test method of relay and the fault locator based on the transient state electric parameters for overcoming the weak point of prior art.It at first can produce wideband high-frequency (0～500 KHz), powerful transient state travelling wave voltage (positive and negative 100 volts) and transient state travelling wave electric current (positive and negative 20 amperes), as the test signal source of relay protection, fault localization and oscillograph; Secondly, as proving installation, it can test the performance of tested device, such as, responsiveness, operation precision etc.
A kind of transient travelling-wave protection tester of the present invention design comprises microcomputer, it is characterized in that, also comprises digital simulator and conversion of signals and interface unit two parts that the null modem cable by this microcomputer is connected; Said conversion of signals and interface unit comprise: the high-speed synchronous frequency conversion D/A switch circuit that carries out the conversion of digital-to-analog amount; The travelling wave relay test circuit and the holding circuit that link to each other with this D/A converting circuit; The capable ripple high-power amplifying circuit of the high-frequency wideband that is connected with this D/A converting circuit; Said digital simulator comprises: be used for fault calculation process, the serial communication program of calculating voltage/current traveling wave, the result of the action routine analyzer and the control program of travelling wave relay; The high-speed synchronous frequency conversion D/A switch circuit of said digital-to-analog amount conversion is by the dsp chip that can convert said digital simulator result of calculation to 8 road simulating signals of exporting synchronously, two numeral-analog quantity converter chips, eight sampling holder chips are formed.
This tester can produce the big electric current of transient high frequency, the high-frequency high-voltage signal is used to test the transient state travelling wave relay, and performance that can busy relay.It is made up of two parts: digital simulator and conversion of signals interface unit, as shown in Figure 1.
1. digital simulator
By computing computer (PC) and corresponding analytical calculation and control supervisor formation.Effect is to carry out transient state to calculate, the conversion and the test of package unit are controlled;
2. conversion of signals and interface unit
It is a hardware cell, is made of three parts
(1) carries out the high-speed synchronous D/A change-over circuit that the digital-to-analog amount is changed;
(2) holding circuit of relay test circuit and device;
(3) power amplification circuit comprises four tunnel big electric current outputs, reaches 20 amperes, 500 KHz; The output of four road high voltages reaches 100 volts, 500 KHz.
Its effect is to realize conversion of signals, power amplification and relay test.
The present invention utilizes said apparatus that relay is tested, and can may further comprise the steps:
The first step: carry out calculation of fault by digital simulator
According to testing requirements to relay, use electro-magnetic transient calculation procedure EMTP to carry out calculation of fault, form the fault data file.
Second step: by conversion of signals and interface unit release test signal
High-speed synchronous D/A change-over circuit and the power amplification circuit of passing to conversion of signals and interface unit under the fault data file, simulation produces the secondary output of current transformer and voltage transformer (VT).Specified output 1A of current transformer or 5A, maximum output 20A or 100A; Specified output of voltage transformer (VT) and maximum are output as 100V.
The 3rd step: actuating of relay characteristic test and reference record
By the relay test circuit in conversion of signals and the interface unit, scan the outlet contact of relay, and contact-actuation time and sequence of movement record are uploaded to PC, be used for the acting characteristic and the actuation time of split-phase relay.
The course of work of the present invention is
The electric current and voltage input terminal of the electric current and voltage lead-out terminal of the test instrument of design and relay to be tested is connected; The relay output contact of needs test and the calibrating terminal of test instrument are connected.
1. test instrument and relay to be tested power on;
2. set up the electric power system model that needs emulation by computing machine and the digital simulator that is mounted thereon;
3. using this mathematical model to carry out electric system normal voltage electric current calculates and short circuit calculation;
4. result of calculation is organized into data file;
5. pass to D/A converting circuit under the data file;
6. by D/A converting circuit digital quantity is converted to-15 volts-+15 volts aanalogvoltage;
7. by power amplification circuit these voltage signals are converted to the big electric current and the high voltage signal of test usefulness;
8. this signal drives relay work to be tested;
9. when normally moving, relay can not move;
After breaking down, relay moves according to failure condition;
10. actuating of relay result is detected by the relay test circuit of this device, and is uploaded to the computing machine of digital simulator by communication port;
11. computing machine is analyzed and record the result of the action of relay;
12. provide test report at last.
Characteristics of the present invention and performance index
Arithmetic capability is strong, can simulate any electric power system fault;
Can convert numerical result the output of to big electric current and high voltage removes to drive relay and tests;
Can test various relays, fault location device and other automatic safety device based on the transient state electric parameters;
8 road test signal frequencies are up to 500 KHz, and wherein 4 road electric currents reach 20 amperes, and 4 road voltages reach 100 volts.
Have the input of 8 way switch amounts, be used to write down and measure the acting characteristic and the action parameter of said apparatus.
Range of application of the present invention
Power office, generating plant and transformer station are used to test the protective relaying device (the quick protective relaying device that comprises reflection transient state amount) of electrical equipments such as ultra-high-tension power transmission line, generator, large-scale power transformer;
Power office, generating plant and transformer station are used to test the transmission line travelling wave fault locator;
Power office, generating plant and transformer station are used to test other power system security aut.eq., as: high precision electric power system fault oscillograph, Power System Automation Equipment such as electric power system fault logout instrument.
Other needs occasion synchronous, high-speed, the test of high precision transient state.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is the formation block diagram of embodiments of the invention.
Fig. 2 is that the general procedure of present embodiment digital simulator constitutes block diagram.
Fig. 3 is that the fault calculation process of present embodiment digital simulator constitutes block diagram.
Fig. 4 is that the serial communication program of present embodiment digital simulator constitutes block diagram.
Fig. 5 is that the action behavior routine analyzer of the relay of present embodiment digital simulator constitutes block diagram.
Fig. 6 is that the control program of present embodiment digital simulator constitutes block diagram.
Fig. 7 is the conversion of signals of present embodiment and the hardware connection diagram of interface circuit.
Fig. 8 is that the digital-to-analogue conversion plug-in unit of present embodiment constitutes block diagram.
Fig. 9 is the power amplification circuit figure of present embodiment.
Figure 10 is the relay test circuit plug-in unit synoptic diagram of present embodiment.
Figure 11 is the emulation electric power system model figure of present embodiment.
Figure 12 is in the model of present embodiment, the three-phase voltage and the three-phase current waveform of relay point when A phase earth fault takes place the F point.
Figure 13 is the transformation result contrast figure of the D/A conversion circuit of present embodiment.
Embodiment: a kind of transient travelling-wave protection tester embodiment of the present invention's design is described in detail as follows in conjunction with each figure:
The transient travelling-wave protection tester composition frame chart of present embodiment as shown in Figure 1, it is made up of two parts that the null modem cable by computing machine links to each other:
First: digital simulator I
Second portion: conversion of signals and interface unit II comprise the high-speed synchronous D/A change-over circuit that carries out the conversion of digital-to-analog amount; The relay test circuit that is connected with D/A converting circuit and the holding circuit of device; The power amplification circuit that is connected with the data analog conversion circuit.
Formation and principle of work to each unit is elaborated below:
1. digital simulator
The digital simulator of present embodiment is made of computing machine and corresponding analytical calculation and control supervisor, and this analytical calculation and control program may further comprise the steps as shown in Figure 2:
1) start-up routine carries out initialization, sets up the graphical simulation model, forms the calculation of fault input data file;
2) call EMTP electro-magnetic transient calculation procedure and carry out calculation of fault;
3) pass to conversion of signals and interface unit under the serial communication port;
4) judge that whether communication finishes, and if not, then returns 3);
5), judge then to have or not testing result that the continuation judgement has or not testing result if do not have then as if sign off;
6) if testing result is arranged, then read actuating of relay result;
7) carry out the result of the action analysis, form test report.
Wherein, step 4), 5), 6) bear control task to conversion of signals and interface unit, be collectively referred to as control program.
The implementation method of above-mentioned each key step is respectively described below;
Calculation of fault
Form the fault calculation process that the needed data file of test is the operation that uses a computer, this program can may further comprise the steps, as shown in Figure 3:
(1) sets up realistic model on computers, the input simulation system parameters.Comprise the parameter that generator, transformer, circuit, load are set, fault type, trouble spot, abort situation, fault start time are set, need the result of output etc.
(2) call EMTP electro-magnetic transient calculation procedure, carry out fault simulation and calculate;
Fault simulation calculates and comprises: fault presteady state, transient state after the fault, stable state after the fault, transient state behind the failure removal, stable state behind the failure removal, reclosing overlaps back transient state, reclosing overlaps the back stable state, and permanent fault is excised back transient state once more, permanent fault excision back stable state.
(3) result of calculation of EMTP is organized into the digital-to-analog amount and changes needed data layout:
Data layout is as follows:
Fault presteady state data: per 0.1 millisecond of 1 point, 200 points, 4 road voltages, 4 road electric currents;
Temporal Data after the fault: 1 point of per 1 microsecond, export 6000 points, 4 road voltages, 4 road electric currents;
Steady state data after the fault: per 0.1 millisecond of 1 point, 200 points, 4 road voltages, 4 road electric currents;
Temporal Data behind the failure removal: 1 point of per 1 microsecond, export 6000 points, 4 road voltages, 4 road electric currents;
Steady state data behind the failure removal: per 0.1 millisecond of 1 point, 200 points, 4 road voltages, 4 road electric currents;
Reclosing overlaps the back Temporal Data: 1 point of per 1 microsecond, export 6000 points, 4 road voltages, 4 road electric currents;
Reclosing overlaps the back steady state data: per 0.1 millisecond of 1 point, 200 points, 4 road voltages, 4 road electric currents;
Permanent fault is excised the back Temporal Data once more: 1 point of per 1 microsecond, export 6000 points, 4 road voltages, 4 road electric currents;
Permanent fault is excised the back steady state data once more: per 0.1 millisecond of 1 point, 200 points, 4 road voltages, 4 road electric currents.
Serial communication
Passing to conversion of signals and interface unit under the serial communication port of above-mentioned data file by PC; The result of the action of relay (switching value) is fetched PC from conversion of signals and interface unit, and this flow chart as shown in Figure 4.Specifically may further comprise the steps:
(1) at first sends synchronizing signal; After acknowledging receipt of conversion of signals and control module synchronization character;
(2) send data file; Judge to send and finish;
(3) detection has the data (actuating of relay result) that need not receive; Do not have-just wait for; Have, receive this data;
(4) receive, program is returned.The action behavior analysis of relay
After fault took place, whether relay moved, actuation time, actuating range be all by the digital simulator analysis.Its flow chart as shown in Figure 5.May further comprise the steps:
(1) at first to import the characteristic of relay to be tested;
(2) secondly contrast according to test result, if:
(3) under the situation that relay should move, move, put correct operation mark 1, then judge relay performance
Well; Otherwise, put incorrect operation mark 1, then judge the relay malfunction;
(4) or under the situation about should not move be failure to actuate, put correct operation mark 2, then judge relay performance
Well; Otherwise, put incorrect operation mark 2, then judge the relay malfunction;
(5) be actuation time in setting range, puts correct operation mark 3, judges that then relay performance is good;
Otherwise, put incorrect operation mark 3, then judge the relay malfunction;
(6) the one or more results in above-mentioned three reasons are presented on the screen.
Control program
A relay is tested, and the order of the content of test, beginning and end is sent by PC, and these orders are called control word.
Because the action of tester and process are by this control word decision, so digital simulator is also played the part of the effect of controller in transient travelling-wave protection tester.
This control program adopts the C++Builder language compilation, as shown in Figure 6, may further comprise the steps:
(1) sends synchronizing signal, judge whether to allow to send;
(2) if then send control word; Otherwise, return (1);
(3) judge whether to send end, if program is returned; Otherwise return (2).
2. conversion of signals and interface unit
It is a hardware cell, and major function is to realize: the power amplification of the conversion of digital-to-analog amount, test signal and relay test.This unit consists of the following components as shown in Figure 7:
(1) D-A converting circuit plug-in unit 31 is converted to positive and negative 15 volts analog quantity to digital quantity;
(2) relay test circuit-switching value detects the action situation that electric plug 32 detects relay;
(3) power amplification circuit plug-in unit 33 amplifies digital-to-analog transformation result (positive and negative 15 volts of voltage signals) and becomes big electric current (20 amperes) and high voltage (100 volts) output;
(4) the 1# power insert 34: 220 volts of input ACs, export positive and negative 15 volts, and 200 watts of direct supplys of power are used for signal transformation and relay and detect;
(5) the 2# power insert 35: 220 volts of input ACs, export positive and negative 230 volts, and the direct supply that power is 3000 watts is used for power amplification;
(6) motherboard 36: for each plug-in unit provides socket, and bear the contact between each plug-in unit;
(7) cabinet 37.
(8) output signal terminal: Ua-38; Ub-39; Uc-40; Ud-41; Ia-42; Ib-43:
Ic-44；Id-45；
(9) the relay detection terminal is 8: 46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53
(10) exchange 220v supply socket 57
(11) serial communication port: 55, power switch: 54.
The core parts of this unit are (1), (2), (3) three parts.
The concrete structure of above-mentioned each parts, function and implementation method are described in detail as follows:
The digital-analog signal change-over circuit, its structure as shown in Figure 8.By dsp chip, two numeral-analog quantity converter chips, eight sampling holder chips are formed.Its principle of work is:
This circuit passes through fault data file and the control command of I/O mouth (replacement serial port) reception of DSP from digital simulator, and data file is deposited in data designated memory RAM district, and then according to the conversion of control command control figure amount to analog quantity.
Two numeral-analog quantity converter chips (D/A) are connected on the data bus of dsp chip (32); First digit analog quantity converter chip (D/A1) is connected on low 16 bit data bus of dsp chip; Second digit analog quantity converter chip (D/A2) is connected on high 16 bit data bus of dsp chip.32 bit address buses are communicated with them.Under DSP control, two D/A change simultaneously.
First D/A converter (D/A1) order is changed four road signals, is placed on four sampling holder chips (S/H1, S/H2, S/H3, S/H4) lining respectively; Second D/A converter (D/A2) also order changed four road signals, is placed on four sampling holder chips (S/H5, S/H6, S/H7, S/H8) lining respectively.
Under changeover control signal control, 8 tunnel transformation results are exported synchronously.
Need to prove especially: this change-over circuit need produce high frequency, 8 tunnel synchronous simulating signals.Needing high inversion frequency is because we need produce the high frequency transient travelling wave signal, and the highest capable wave frequency will reach the hundreds of KHz even go up megahertz; The synchronism that needs 8 tunnel simulating signals is because in the process of the test of relay, we need four road electric currents (three-phase current and zero-sequence current) and four road voltages (three-phase voltage and residual voltage) at least, if 8 road signals are asynchronous, to cause difficulty to the computing and the detection of row ripple, cause test failure.But this is not perhaps by the problem of test unit, but the problem of this test platform.
In the design of present embodiment circuit, be set at 1 megahertz for the inversion frequency of transient state travelling wave, be set at 10 KHz for the power frequency component and the harmonic component inversion frequency of slow variation.Therefore the digital-to-analog conversion is not according to fixing frequency but adopts the frequency that changes, and in other words, in the digital-to-analogue conversion process, point of time how long conversion is controlled by DSP.
When constituting this circuit, also need to consider the speed limit and the cost of dsp chip.Therefore, the data volume that is converted is conditional.
Power amplification circuit, its circuit structure as shown in Figure 9.
In common microcomputer relay and fault locator, the electric current that needs the voltage of 100V and 20 amperes or 100 amperes is as test signal, so power amplification circuit is absolutely necessary.Consider technical realizability, the power amplification circuit of present embodiment has adopted four current amplifier CA1, CA2, CA3, CA4 and four voltage amplifier UA1, UA2, UA3, UA4, and it can export four tunnel frequencies is that 500KHZ, electric current are that current testing signal and four tunnel frequencies of 20A are that 500KHZ, voltage are the voltage test signal of 100V.PA05 (current mode) and PA85 (voltage-type) that the power amplifier chip adopts APEX company to produce.
The relay test circuit,
This circuit structure as shown in figure 10, form every chip (TLP521-1, TLP521-2, TLP521-3, TLP521-4, TLP521-5, TLP521-6, TLP521-7, TLP521-8) by 8 light, detect the variation of 8 output contacts (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8) of relay, 8 light are noted and are uploaded to digital simulator every the output (1`, 2`, 3`, 4`, 5`, 6`, 7`, 8`) of chip by DSP, be used for the action behavior and the actuation time of split-phase relay.
The present embodiment course of work
1. utilize digital simulator to set up the analogue system model, as shown in figure 11.
2. utilize digital simulator to calculate false voltage and electric current, as shown in figure 12.
The three-phase voltage and the three-phase current waveform of relay point when Figure 12 shows F point generation A phase earth fault.As seen from Figure 12, fault takes place after back, isolating switch action excision faulty line MN, the reclosing, permanent fault is excised these four processes once more all has transient state travelling wave to produce, comprising abundant high fdrequency component in the electric current and voltage, Duan electric current and voltage is all based on the fundamental frequency component At All Other Times, and this is the basis of back conversion of signals.
3. utilize digital simulator passing to conversion of signals and interface unit under result of calculation packing and the serial communication port by computing machine;
4. utilize conversion of signals and interface circuit that digital signal is converted to simulating signal, as shown in figure 13.Provided before the conversion among the figure and the contrast after the conversion; Waveform below Figure 13 shows the A phase transient current (referring to Figure 11) of transmission line of electricity MN after the F point breaks down, and it calculates (calculating step-length 1 microsecond) by EMTP; Waveform above Figure 13 shows the simulating signal output (inversion frequency 1 megahertz) after the digital-to-analog conversion.Contrast Figure 13 can see that these two waveforms are closely similar, and the analog-converted of this explanation digital signal is successful.
5. utilize power amplification circuit to amplify this simulating signal;
6. utilize the output voltage and the electric current of power amplifier to remove test relay;
7. utilize the relay detecting unit in conversion of signals and the interface circuit to detect relay output (switching value), and
This switching value result is sent back to dsp chip in the digital-to-analog conversion plug-in unit;
8. the digital-to-analog conversion plug-in unit in conversion of signals and the interface circuit is sent computing machine back to through the serial port of DSP;
9. the result of the action of the digital simulator record analysis relay in the computing machine and formation report.
The principal feature of present embodiment and performance index can be four road digital quantity voltages, four road digital quantity current conversion simulating signal output at a high speed, synchronously.Its main performance index is as follows:
1, can simulate any complicated electric power system fault;
2, can produce frequency 0-500 KHz, four road simultaneous test current signals that maximum current is 20 amperes;
3, can produce frequency 0-500 KHz, four road simultaneous test voltage signals that maximum voltage is 100 volts;
4, can test the performance of transient state relay, travelling wave relay, common computer relay;
5, can test line ripple fault location device, the distance accuracy of power frequency electric parameters fault location device;
6, can test the record ripple performance of various fault oscillographs;
7, maximum transformed error synchronously is less than 0.5 microsecond;
8, can be two or three transient protection testers composition systems, test is based on the relay of multiterminal electric parameters
Protection and fault location device.
Claims (2)
1, a kind of transient travelling-wave protection tester comprises microcomputer, it is characterized in that, also comprises digital simulator and conversion of signals and interface unit two parts that the null modem cable by this microcomputer is connected; Said conversion of signals and interface unit comprise: the high-speed synchronous frequency conversion D/A switch circuit that carries out the conversion of digital-to-analog amount; The travelling wave relay test circuit and the holding circuit that link to each other with this D/A converting circuit; The capable ripple high-power amplifying circuit of the high-frequency wideband that is connected with this D/A converting circuit; Said digital simulator comprises: be used for fault calculation process, the serial communication program of calculating voltage/current traveling wave, the result of the action routine analyzer and the control program of travelling wave relay; The high-speed synchronous frequency conversion D/A switch circuit of said digital-to-analog amount conversion is by the dsp chip that can convert said digital simulator result of calculation to 8 road simulating signals of exporting synchronously, two numeral-analog quantity converter chips, eight sampling holder chips are formed.
2, transient travelling-wave protection tester as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the capable ripple high-power amplifying circuit of said high-frequency wideband adopt can export four tunnel frequencies be 500KHZ, electric current be 20A the current testing signal four current amplifiers and can to export four tunnel frequencies be that 500KHZ, voltage are four voltage amplifiers of the voltage test signal of 100V.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CNB01120138XA CN1142446C (en) | 2001-07-06 | 2001-07-06 | Transient travelling-wave protection tester and its testing method |
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| CNB01120138XA CN1142446C (en) | 2001-07-06 | 2001-07-06 | Transient travelling-wave protection tester and its testing method |
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| CN102495335B (en) * | 2011-12-23 | 2013-08-14 | 安徽省电力公司 | Sensitivity detection method of travelling wave distance measuring device and system thereof |
| CN103105550B (en) * | 2013-01-14 | 2015-08-05 | 国家电网公司 | A kind of intelligent relay protection device detection method and system |
| CN104133133B (en) * | 2014-07-22 | 2017-03-29 | 国家电网公司 | A kind of reaying protection test room standardized test system |
| US10564246B2 (en) * | 2015-10-13 | 2020-02-18 | Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc. | Testing system for traveling wave fault detectors |
| CN111693800A (en) * | 2020-05-09 | 2020-09-22 | 国网湖南省电力有限公司 | Action characteristic test method and circuit of leakage protection action device |
| CN112698145B (en) * | 2020-11-11 | 2023-02-21 | 国电南瑞科技股份有限公司 | Fault distance measuring method and device suitable for power transmission line containing series reactor |
| CN116298440B (en) * | 2023-05-18 | 2023-09-29 | 国电南瑞科技股份有限公司 | State sequence simulation method for realizing coupling of multisource abnormal working conditions of power system |
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