CN114244487B - Polarization code-based cooperative NOMA-VLC communication method - Google Patents
Polarization code-based cooperative NOMA-VLC communication method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cooperative NOMA-VLC communication method based on polarization codes. Firstly, grouping and pairing users; k sub-channels with high reliability in the N sub-channels are used as sub-channels for transmitting useful information bits, and other N-K sub-channels are used as sub-channels for transmitting frozen information bits; dynamic power distribution is carried out, the service quality of the weak user is preferentially met, and the rest power is distributed to other users; the information sequences are mixed and overlapped on the power domain, and are transmitted to respective users through direct links S_R and S_D, and the information sequences of indirect links R_D are transmitted, so that better transmission quality is obtained, and finally, decoding is carried out in a decoding module of the relay user R and a decoding module of the destination node user D at a receiving end. The method of the invention effectively improves the reliability and the transmission capacity of the NOMA-VLC communication system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of visible light communication, and relates to a cooperative NOMA-VLC communication method based on polarization codes.
Background
The visible light communication technology uses high-speed bright and dark flickering signals which are emitted by fluorescent lamps, light-emitting diodes and the like and cannot be seen by eyes to transmit information, and the high-speed internet wire device is connected to a lighting device and can be used by inserting a power plug. The system manufactured by the technology can cover the range of indoor lamplight, and the computer does not need wire connection, so that the system has wide development prospect. As the demand for data transmission increases in wireless communication technology, radio frequency resources become increasingly stringent. The use of NOMA (Non Othogonal Multiple Access, non-orthogonal multiple access) technology on VLC (visible light communication) has therefore attracted considerable academic and industry attention. NOMA is a technique that, unlike conventional multiple access techniques, distinguishes users in the power domain such that multiple users share the same time and frequency domain.
The invention patent application with the application number of 201910033045.1 discloses a collaborative NOMA system user error code performance analysis method based on user relay. Wherein, the cooperation adopts a direct amplification mode, and the PEP expression is deduced according to the calculus theory. This method is only a theoretical derivation of bit error rate, and using the AF cooperation technique amplifies noise, resulting in the phenomenon of NOMA-VLC bit error. The invention patent application with application number 202011017213.7 discloses an energy capture user-oriented collaborative NOMA transmission protocol which enhances the channel capacity of weak users, so that the system can adaptively control the working state of strong users to improve the system capacity. It only considers the transmission protocol in the context of a pair of users, there are typically more users in an actual communication scenario. In the case of the NOMA decoding using SIC, the user needs to demodulate and discard the interference caused by the user who allocates more power than itself in the NOMA-VLC system, and then can obtain the effective information of itself, in which case an interference cancellation error may occur. The invention patent application with the application number of CN113541793A discloses a method for jointly designing access point selection and power distribution of access points of users to enhance the physical layer security performance of a multi-user VLC/RF hybrid network. But the capacity of the inventive system is far from satisfying the transmission capacity in a multi-user system. And most of the literature focuses on analysis of the rate, outage probability of the communication device.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art and provides a cooperative NOMA-VLC communication method based on polarization codes.
In the communication system of the communication method of the invention, M users are randomly distributed in the half angle of the LED irradiation powerThe height is in the range of a cone with h. The specific communication method is as follows:
step (1) arranging the users U in ascending order according to the channel gain between each user and the LEDs m The corresponding channel gain is H m M=1, 2, …, M; group matching is carried out on M users, and the user U with the weakest channel gain is obtained 1 And strongest channel gain user U M As a first group of users G 1 {U 1 ,U M User U will be the next weaker channel gain 2 And the next strongest user U M-1 As a second group of users G 2 {U 2 ,U M-1 -and so on;
if M is an even number, the number of packetsEach user obtains packet matching; if M is odd, the number of packets +.>Middle user->As a single group, the information sequence of the user is directly transmitted by a visible light communication VLC system, and SC decoding is carried out in a system receiving end to obtain the information sequence of the user>
Step (2) distributing M information sequences to M users, wherein the M information sequences are used as information sequences to be transmitted by each user, the information sequences are polarized and constructed into polarized codes, the code length of the polarized codes is N, namely the polarized codes are provided with N sub-channels, and the information bit length of the polarized codes is K; the method of polarization construction is: k sub-channels with high reliability in N sub-channels are used as sub-channels for transmitting useful information bits, other N-K sub-channels are used as sub-channels for transmitting frozen information bits, and user U m The information sequence of (C) is coded by polarization code and then is X m ，m＝1,2,…,M；
Step (3) dynamic power allocation; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(3-1) total power P of LEDs sum Average power sum p=p of two users in each group sum /B；
(3-2) allocating the power sum P of each group of users to two users within the group by:
for a group of users G b {U b ,U M+1-b Assigned to weak user U b Power P of (2) b Meet U b The minimum transmission rate of (2), the remaining power P M+1-b Assigned to strong users U M+1-b ，b＝1,2,…,B；
The objective function of the power allocation isR b For weak users U b Transmission rate, R M+1-b For strong users U M+1-b Is a transmission rate of (a);
wherein the weak user U b With strong user U M+1-b Relation parameters between For weak users U b σ is the channel noise variance;
if the beta is obtained b At > 0.5, then take beta b =0.5, then the group of users G b {U b ,U M+1-b Weak user U in } b The allocated power is P b ＝(1-β b ) P, strong user U M+1-b The allocated power is P M+1-b ＝β b P；
Step (4) carrying out mixed superposition coding operation on each group of users to obtain an information sequence V m The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the For a group of users G b {U b ,U M+1-b User U b Obtaining information sequence after mixed superposition coding operationUser U M+1-b After the mixed superposition coding operation of (2) to obtain an information sequence of +.>
Step (5) transmitting the information sequence of the strong channel gain user and the information sequence of the weak channel gain user in each group of users on direct links S_D and S_R under the LED respectively, wherein the strong channel gain user is the user at the relay node R, the weak channel gain user is the user at the destination node D, and the LED is the source node S; the method specifically comprises the following steps: for a group of users G b {U b ,U M+1-b Weak user U b Information sequence V received after transmission on direct link S_D b,S_D ＝V b +n b,S_D ，n b,S_D Representing U b Noise on direct link s_d; strong user U M+1-b Information sequence V received after transmission on direct link S_R M+1-b,S_R ＝V M+1-b +n M+1-b,S_R ，n M+1-b,S_R Representing U M+1-b Noise on direct link s_r;
step (6) for a group of users G b {U b ,U M+1-b Strong user U after direct link s_r transmission M+1-b Information sequence V of (2) M+1-b,S_R SIC decoding is carried out, and the user U is detected and separated b And SC-decodes the information sequence to obtain the information sequenceThen the information sequence is encoded by the same method as in the source node S>Coding to obtain the information sequence to be transmitted on the indirect link R_D>
Step (7) for a group of users G b {U b ,U M+1-b Weak user U b The information sequence received from the indirect link R_D isWherein n is b,R_D Representing noise on the indirect link r_d;
step (8) for a group of users G b {U b ,U M+1-b User U M+1-b Receiving information sequence C from direct link S_R M+1-b ＝V M+1-b,S_R And SIC decoding is adopted to eliminate the user U b After interference of (a), carrying out polarization code SC decoding to obtain an information sequence Y M+1-b ；
Step (a)(9) For a group of users G b {U b ,U M+1-b User U b Receiving information sequences V from indirect links S_D and R_D b,S_D 、V b,R_D Combining the two to obtain user U b Information sequence C b ＝V b,S_D +V b,R_D Obtaining information sequence Y by SC decoding b 。
The method comprises the steps of firstly, carrying out polarization code encoding on data sent by an LED, selecting K sub-channels with higher channel capacity to transmit useful information sequences, and transmitting frozen sequences by the rest N-K sub-channels; and a cooperative polarization decoding forwarding mode is adopted in communication, namely, a user with strong channel gain is used as a relay, so that the transmission quality of a destination node user is effectively improved. In order to make the power distribution more applicable, the invention provides a dynamic power method which ensures that the users with weak channel gain meet the service quality and distributes the rest power to other users in preference to the channel gain and the service quality of the users, thereby maximizing the transmission rate.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of dynamic power allocation in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph of polarization code and performance in cooperation with a NOMA-VLC system according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a performance diagram of dynamic power allocation in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a graph of the overall rate for an embodiment of the present invention using dynamic power allocation.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further explained by the following specific examples.
Polarization code-based cooperative NOMA-VLC communication method, wherein M users in a communication system are randomly distributed at an LED illumination power half angle ofThe height is in the range of a cone with h. As shown in fig. 1, the specific communication method is:
step (1), the fixed grouping module is arranged in ascending order according to the channel gain between each user and the LED, and the user U is arranged after the arrangement m The corresponding channel gain is H m M=1, 2, …, M; group matching is carried out on M users, and the user U with the weakest channel gain is obtained 1 And strongest channel gain user U M As a first group of users G 1 {U 1 ,U M User U will be the next weaker channel gain 2 And the next strongest user U M-1 As a second group of users G 2 {U 2 ,U M-1 And so on. If M is an even number, the number of packetsEach user obtains packet matching; if M is odd, the number of packets +.>Middle user->As a single group, the information sequence of the user is directly transmitted by a visible light communication VLC system, and SC decoding is carried out in a system receiving end to obtain the information sequence of the user>
And (2) the polarization code encoding module distributes M information sequences to M users, wherein the M information sequences serve as information sequences to be transmitted by each user, the information sequences are polarized and constructed into polarization codes, the code length of the polarization codes is N, namely the polarization codes have N sub-channels, and the information bit length of the polarization codes is K. The method of polarization construction is: k sub-channels with high reliability in N sub-channels are used as sub-channels for transmitting useful information bits, other N-K sub-channels are used as sub-channels for transmitting frozen information bits, and user U m The information sequence of (C) is coded by polarization code and then is X m 。
Step (3) dynamic power allocation; as shown in fig. 2, specifically:
(3-1) PowerThe distribution module distributes the total power P of the LEDs sum Average power sum p=p of two users in each group sum /B；
(3-2) allocating the power sum P of each group of users to two users within the group by:
for a group of users G b {U b ,U M+1-b Assigned to weak user U b Power P of (2) b Meet U b The minimum transmission rate of (2), the remaining power P M+1-b Assigned to strong users U M+1-b B=1, 2, …, B, thereby achieving the goal of effectively and fairly maximizing the overall transmission rate of the user.
User U b Actual transmission rate under direct link S_DP M+1-b,b For user U M+1-b With user U b Power, H of cooperative communication between b,M+1-b For user U b With user U M+1-b Channel gain, σ, for cooperative communication between, is channel noise variance, when P M+1-b,b ＝P M+1-b When R is b,S_D Maximum is
User U b Actual transmission rate under indirect link r_d:weak user U b Transmission rate->Strong user U M+1-b Transmission rate->
The objective function of the power allocation isWeak user U b With strong user U M+1-b Relation parameters between
Acquisition of weak user U b Is a transmission rate R of (2) b Assume thatNamely P M+1-b Satisfy->Wherein strong user U M+1-b Minimum power +.>
Solving forI.e. solve->The resulting KKT formula is:
wherein C1 represents that all users need to reach the minimum transmission rate, C2 is obtained according to the power distribution principle of NOMA, C3 represents that the total power is constant, C4 represents the limitation of the power in an indirect link, and ∈>Representing user U b R, minimum transmission rate of (2) M+1-b Representing user U M+1-b Is used for the transmission of the data.
Due toThen->Expressed by the following formula:
solving according to the KKT condition, the Lagrangian multiplier lambda and mu are introduced to construct a Lagrangian equation as follows:
based on dynamic power allocation (giving priority to users U in each group b Quality of service, in allocation to user U b I.e. when the power of (a) reaches its minimum transmission rateAnd then distributing the residual power to the user U M+1-b ) Obtaining
If P M+1-b Cannot meetDescription->Thus solve->I.e. solve->Then
Similarly, the KKT solution is adopted to obtain:
if the beta is obtained b At > 0.5, then take beta b =0.5, then the group of users G b {U b ,U M+1-b Weak user U in } b The allocated power is P b ＝(1-β b ) P, strong user U M+1-b The allocated power is P M+1-b ＝β b P。
Since the power distribution of the users among each group is not interfered with each other, the maximum function of the total transmission rate of all the users is obtainedThe power allocation for the lower user is: m is { (1-beta) when it is even 1 )P,(1-β 2 )P,..,β 2 P,β 1 P }; m is { (1-beta) when it is odd 1 )P,(1-β 2 )P,…,P,…,β 2 P,β 1 P}。
Step (4) the mixed superposition coding module obtains the information sequence X from the polarization code coding module m Performing mixed superposition coding operation on each group of users to obtain an information sequence V m . For a group of users G b {U b ,U M+1-b User U b Obtaining information sequence after mixed superposition coding operationUser U M+1-b After the mixed superposition coding operation of (2) to obtain an information sequence of +.>
In the step (5), in the direct link transmission module, the information sequence of each group of users with stronger channel gain (i.e. users at the relay node R) and the information sequence of users with weaker channel gain (i.e. users at the destination node D) in the hybrid superposition coding module are transmitted on the direct link s_d and the direct link s_r under the LED (source node S) respectively. The method specifically comprises the following steps: for a group of users G b {U b ,U M+1-b Users U with weaker channel gain b Uploading on direct link S_DInformation sequence V received after transmission b,S_D ＝V b +n b,S_D Wherein n is b,S_D Representing user U b Noise on direct link s_d. User U with stronger channel gain M+1-b The information sequence received after transmission on the direct link S_R is V M+1-b,S_R ＝V M+1-b +n M+1-b,S_R Wherein n is M+1-b,S_R Representing user U M+1-b Noise on direct link s_r.
And (6) in the relay decoding forwarding module, the strong users in each group serve as relays, and the information sequences of the weak users are cooperatively decoded and forwarded, so that the information sequences to be sent on the indirect link R_D are obtained. The method specifically comprises the following steps: for a group of users G b {U b ,U M+1-b User U after direct link s_r transmission M+1-b Information sequence V of (2) M+1-b,S_R SIC decoding detection is carried out to separate out user U b And SC-decodes the information sequence to obtain the information sequenceSubsequently the information sequence is coded using the same coding method as in the source node S>Coding to obtain the information sequence to be transmitted on the indirect link R_D>
And (7) the indirect link transmission module transmits the information sequence to be transmitted in the cooperative decoding forwarding module to a weak user through an indirect link R_D. The method specifically comprises the following steps: for a group of users G b {U b ,U M+1-b User U b The information sequence received from the indirect link R_D isWherein n is b,R_D Representing noise on the indirect link R _ D.
Step (8) obtaining the solution of the strong user in each group of users in the relay node user decoding moduleCode sequences. The method specifically comprises the following steps: for a group of users G b {U b ,U M+1-b User U M+1-b Receiving information sequence C from direct link S_R M+1-b ＝V M+1-b,S_R And SIC decoding is adopted to eliminate the user U b After interference, carrying out polarization code SC decoding to obtain an information sequence Y M+1-b 。
And (9) obtaining a decoding sequence of the weak user in each group of users in the destination node user decoding module. The method specifically comprises the following steps: for a group of users G b {U b ,U M+1-b User U b Receiving information sequences V from indirect links S_D and R_D b,S_D 、V b,R_D Combining the two to obtain user U b Information sequence C b ＝V b,S_D +V b,R_D Finally, SC decoding is adopted to obtain an information sequence Y b 。
In order to better show that the communication method provided by the invention is effective, the communication method is simulated, and simulation parameters are set as follows: there are two users in the room, the channel gain of user 1 is 0.025, the channel gain of user 2 is 0.028, the gain of the indirect link is 0.034, the code length of the polarization code is 1024, the code rate is 0.5, and the total power is 1W.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the performance of the user under NOMA-VLC, NOMA-VLC with polar code (polar coded NOMA-VLC), NOMA-VLC system with collaborative AF technique (CNOMA-VLC-AF) and the communication method of the present invention (polar coded CNOMA-VLC-DF), respectively, is shown in FIG. 3. It can be seen from the figure that the performance of the process of the invention is better under equivalent conditions. At a bit error rate of up to 10 -4 User 1 in the communication system of the present invention achieves a gain of about 1.8dB over the non-cooperative NOMA-VLC scheme based on the polarization code and a gain of 2.8dB over the NOMA-VLC system.
Fig. 4 illustrates the error performance of the communication system according to the present invention when the dynamic power method, the fixed power allocation method α=1/9, and the polarization code-based NOMA-VLC are respectively used in the fixed power allocation method α=1/9 according to the embodiment of the present invention. Compared with the other two schemes, the communication system provided by the invention adopts dynamic stateThe performance of the power allocation method user 2 is more excellent between 20-51dB, where the BER is 10 -3 When user 2 can obtain gains of 0.7dB and 1.3dB, respectively.
In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, a comparison of the total rate for a communication system of the present invention using a dynamic power method, a fixed power allocation method α=1/9, and a polar code based NOMA-VLC using a fixed power allocation method α=1/9 is shown in fig. 5. It can be seen from the figure that the cooperative communication in the present invention can improve the transmission rate. Compared with a fixed power distribution method, the method effectively and fairly improves the total rate of the users by adopting the dynamic power distribution method.
Claims (1)
1. Polarization code-based cooperative NOMA-VLC communication method, wherein M users in a communication system are randomly distributed at an LED illumination power half angle ofThe method is characterized in that the specific communication method is as follows:
step (1) arranging the users U in ascending order according to the channel gain between each user and the LEDs m The corresponding channel gain is H m M=1, 2, …, M; group matching is carried out on M users, and the user U with the weakest channel gain is obtained 1 And strongest channel gain user U M As a first group of users G 1 {U 1 ,U M User U will be the next weaker channel gain 2 And the next strongest user U M-1 As a second group of users G 2 {U 2 ,U M-1 -and so on;
if M is an even number, the number of packetsEach user obtains packet matching; if M is odd number, the number of packetsMiddle user->As a single group, the information sequence of the user is directly transmitted by a visible light communication VLC system, and SC decoding is carried out in a system receiving end to obtain the information sequence of the user>
Step (2) distributing M information sequences to M users, wherein the M information sequences are used as information sequences to be transmitted by each user, the information sequences are polarized and constructed into polarized codes, the code length of the polarized codes is N, namely the polarized codes are provided with N sub-channels, and the information bit length of the polarized codes is K; the method of polarization construction is: k sub-channels with high reliability in N sub-channels are used as sub-channels for transmitting useful information bits, other N-K sub-channels are used as sub-channels for transmitting frozen information bits, and user U m The information sequence of (C) is coded by polarization code and then is X m ，m＝1,2,…,M；
Step (3) dynamic power allocation; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(3-1) total power P of LEDs sum Average power sum p=p of two users in each group sum /B；
(3-2) allocating the power sum P of each group of users to two users within the group by:
for a group of users G b {U b ,U M+1-b Assigned to weak user U b Power P of (2) b Meet U b The minimum transmission rate of (2), the remaining power P M+1-b Assigned to strong users U M+1-b ，b＝1,2,…,B；
The objective function of the power allocation isR b For weak users U b Transmission rate, R M+1-b For strong users U M+1-b Is a transmission rate of (a);
wherein the weak user U b With strong user U M+1-b Relation parameters between For weak users U b σ is the channel noise variance;
if the beta is obtained b At > 0.5, then take beta b =0.5, then the group of users G b {U b ,U M+1-b Weak user U in } b The allocated power is P b ＝(1-β b ) P, strong user U M+1-b The allocated power is P M+1-b ＝β b P；
Step (4) carrying out mixed superposition coding operation on each group of users to obtain an information sequence V m The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the For a group of users G b {U b ,U M+1-b User U b Obtaining information sequence after mixed superposition coding operationUser U M+1-b After the mixed superposition coding operation of (2) to obtain an information sequence of +.>
Step (5) transmitting the information sequence of the strong channel gain user and the information sequence of the weak channel gain user in each group of users on direct links S_D and S_R under the LED respectively, wherein the strong channel gain user is the user at the relay node R, the weak channel gain user is the user at the destination node D, and the LED is the source node S; the method specifically comprises the following steps: for a group of users G b {U b ,U M+1-b Weak user U b Information sequence V received after transmission on direct link S_D b,S_D ＝V b +n b,S_D ，n b,S_D Representing U b Noise on direct link s_d; strong user U M+1-b Information sequence V received after transmission on direct link S_R M+1-b,S_R ＝V M+1-b +n M+1-b,S_R ，n M+1-b,S_R Representing U M+1-b Noise on direct link s_r;
step (6) for a group of users G b {U b ,U M+1-b Strong user U after direct link s_r transmission M+1-b Information sequence V of (2) M+1-b,S_R SIC decoding is carried out, and the user U is detected and separated b And SC-decodes the information sequence to obtain the information sequenceThen the information sequence is encoded by the same method as in the source node S>Coding to obtain the information sequence to be transmitted on the indirect link R_D>
Step (7) for a group of users G b {U b ,U M+1-b Weak user U b The information sequence received from the indirect link R_D isWherein n is b,R_D Representing noise on the indirect link r_d;
step (8) for a group of users G b {U b ,U M+1-b User U M+1-b Receiving information sequence C from direct link S_R M+1-b ＝V M+1-b,S_R And SIC decoding is adopted to eliminate the user U b After interference of (a), carrying out polarization code SC decoding to obtain an information sequence Y M+1-b ；
Step (9) for a group of users G b {U b ,U M+1-b User U b Receiving information sequences V from indirect links S_D and R_D b,S_D 、V b,R_D Combining the two to obtain user U b Information sequence C b ＝V b,S_D +V b,R_D Obtained by SC decodingTo information sequence Y b 。
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| CN110212967A (en) * | 2019-04-26 | 2019-09-06 | 西安电子科技大学 | Full duplex relaying cooperation communication system performance optimization method based on NOMA |
| CN113597782A (en) * | 2019-03-29 | 2021-11-02 | 索尼集团公司 | Communication control apparatus, communication apparatus, and communication control method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113597782A (en) * | 2019-03-29 | 2021-11-02 | 索尼集团公司 | Communication control apparatus, communication apparatus, and communication control method |
| CN110212967A (en) * | 2019-04-26 | 2019-09-06 | 西安电子科技大学 | Full duplex relaying cooperation communication system performance optimization method based on NOMA |
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| Using Polar Codes in NOMA-Enabled Visible Light Communication Systems;Zhipeng Gao等;IEEE;20190505;全文 * |
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