CN114243269B - Asymmetric periodic corrugated leaky-wave antenna unit, antenna array and antenna system - Google Patents
Asymmetric periodic corrugated leaky-wave antenna unit, antenna array and antenna system Download PDFInfo
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- CN114243269B CN114243269B CN202111518345.2A CN202111518345A CN114243269B CN 114243269 B CN114243269 B CN 114243269B CN 202111518345 A CN202111518345 A CN 202111518345A CN 114243269 B CN114243269 B CN 114243269B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/20—Non-resonant leaky-waveguide or transmission-line antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
- H01Q19/12—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are concave
- H01Q19/17—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are concave the primary radiating source comprising two or more radiating elements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
- H01Q21/068—Two dimensional planar arrays using parallel coplanar travelling wave or leaky wave aerial units
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/30—Combinations of separate antenna units operating in different wavebands and connected to a common feeder system
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q7/00—Loop antennas with a substantially uniform current distribution around the loop and having a directional radiation pattern in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the loop
Abstract
The application provides an asymmetric periodic ripple leaky-wave antenna unit, antenna array and antenna system belongs to the technical field of antenna, the unit is including setting up the central feed portion on the metal sheet and the asymmetric radiating part of multiunit that the cycle was arranged, wherein: the central feeding part is used for being connected with or integrated with a waveguide port of the transmitter; the asymmetric radiating part comprises a first circular groove and a second circular groove which are different in width, the first circular groove and the second circular groove are concentric circular grooves taking the central feeding part as a circle center, and the width and the depth of the first circular groove and the second circular groove are determined iteratively according to the suppression condition of the open stop band effect; the multiple groups of asymmetric radiating parts are periodically arranged by taking the center feed part as a circle center. The present application is directed to suppressing the open stop band effect in a periodic corrugated leaky wave antenna.
Description
Technical Field
The embodiment of the application relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to an asymmetric periodic corrugated leaky-wave antenna unit, an antenna array and an antenna system.
Background
Terahertz is a frequency band located between infrared and microwave, and the terahertz technology also becomes a very important cross-frontier area of interest.
At present, a common traveling wave radiator in a terahertz frequency band is an all-metal periodic corrugated leaky-wave antenna, which has a simple feed network and good frequency scanning characteristics, and has been widely researched in multiple fields such as communication positioning and gas detection. However, the conventional all-metal periodic corrugated leaky-wave antenna has an open-stop band effect, and near the open-stop band frequency, all reflected waves are superposed in phase by the radiation unit, so that a large return loss is caused, energy cannot be effectively fed into the antenna, and the radiation performance is rapidly deteriorated, thereby affecting the scanning characteristics required by a reflector antenna system. From the dispersion characteristics of the antenna, the open stopband effect is characterized as follows: in the vicinity of the open stop band, a dispersion curve composed of a phase constant and an attenuation constant exhibits a severe fluctuation characteristic. Therefore, in order to suppress the open stop band effect, it is necessary to obtain a phase constant that varies linearly and stably around the open stop band frequency (the phase constant approaches 0) and an attenuation constant that is substantially constant.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the application provides an asymmetric periodic corrugated leaky-wave antenna unit, an antenna array and an antenna system, and aims to suppress an open stop band effect in a periodic corrugated leaky-wave antenna.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an asymmetric periodic corrugated leaky-wave antenna unit, where the unit includes a central feeding portion disposed on a metal plate and multiple sets of asymmetric radiating portions arranged periodically, where:
the central feeding part is used for being connected with or integrated with a waveguide port of the transmitter;
the asymmetric radiating part comprises a first circular groove and a second circular groove which are different in width, the first circular groove and the second circular groove are concentric circular grooves taking the central feeding part as a circle center, and the width and the depth of the first circular groove and the second circular groove are determined iteratively according to the suppression condition of the open stop band effect;
the multiple groups of asymmetric radiating parts are periodically arranged by taking the center feed part as a circle center.
Optionally, the center feeding portion is a center through hole formed in the metal plate, and the size of the center through hole is consistent with that of the standard waveguide.
Optionally, the number of groups of the asymmetric radiating parts is proportional to the radiation performance of the antenna unit.
Optionally, the width and depth of each groove in the asymmetric radiating part are directly proportional to the current frequency band corresponding to the antenna unit.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an antenna array of a multi-frequency leaky-wave feed array, including asymmetric periodic corrugated leaky-wave antenna units respectively corresponding to multiple frequency bands arranged on a same metal plate, where the asymmetric periodic corrugated leaky-wave antenna units respectively corresponding to the multiple frequency bands are arranged in a common caliber manner, where the asymmetric periodic corrugated leaky-wave antenna units are the antenna units described in the first aspect of the embodiment.
Optionally, multiple groups of asymmetric periodic corrugated leaky-wave antenna units corresponding to the same high-frequency band are provided.
Optionally, a group of asymmetric periodic corrugated leaky-wave antenna units corresponding to a low frequency band is provided.
Optionally, a group of asymmetric periodic corrugated leaky-wave antenna units corresponding to a low frequency band is distributed around the group of asymmetric periodic corrugated leaky-wave antenna units corresponding to the same high frequency band.
In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an antenna system, including: the terahertz cylindrical reflecting surface and the multi-frequency leaky-wave feed source array antenna array are arranged in the second aspect of the embodiment, and the multi-frequency leaky-wave feed source array antenna array is located at the focal line of the terahertz cylindrical reflecting surface.
Has the advantages that:
the asymmetric periodic corrugated leaky-wave antenna unit comprises a center feed part and a plurality of groups of asymmetric radiating parts which are periodically arranged, wherein the center feed part is used for being connected with or integrated with a waveguide port of a current frequency band of a transmitter; the asymmetric radiating parts comprise first circular grooves and second circular grooves which are different in width, the first circular grooves and the second circular grooves are concentric circular grooves with the center feed part as the circle center, and the multiple groups of asymmetric radiating parts are periodically arranged with the center feed part as the circle center.
The energy introduced by the central feed part from the waveguide port is transmitted on the surface of the metal plate in a surface wave mode, the free space is leaked at the first circular groove and the second circular groove to form a radiator, and the impedance matching of a leaky wave mode is realized by adjusting the depth and the width of the first circular groove and the second circular groove, so that the open stop band effect in the periodic ripple leaky wave antenna is suppressed.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments of the present application will be briefly described below. It is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the application, and that for a person skilled in the art, other drawings can be derived from them without inventive effort.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an asymmetric periodic corrugated leaky-wave antenna unit according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a condition that a phase constant of a leaky-wave antenna changes with frequency in a simulation experiment according to an embodiment of the application;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a leaky-wave antenna attenuation constant varying with frequency in a simulation experiment according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 4 is a schematic layout diagram of an antenna array of a multi-frequency leaky-wave feed source array according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of an antenna system according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. It should be apparent that the embodiments described are some, but not all embodiments of the present application. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
Referring to fig. 1, a schematic structural diagram of an asymmetric periodic corrugated leaky-wave antenna unit in an embodiment of the present invention is shown, where the antenna unit includes a central feeding portion disposed on a metal plate and multiple sets of asymmetric radiating portions arranged periodically.
The central feed portion is used for being connected with or integrated with a waveguide port of the transmitter, specifically, the central feed portion can be a central through hole formed in a metal plate, and the size of the central through hole is consistent with that of a standard waveguide, so that the central feed portion is conveniently connected with the waveguide port; in other embodiments, the size of the central through hole may be determined according to actual implementation, and for example, the size of the central through hole may also be consistent with the size of the waveguide, or may take various forms such as a resonant slot.
The asymmetric radiating part comprises a first circular groove and a second circular groove which are different in width, and the first circular groove and the second circular groove are concentric circular grooves taking the central feeding part as the circle center; when the energy introduced through the central through hole is transmitted on the surface of the metal plate in the form of surface waves, the energy leaks to the free space at the first circular groove and the second circular groove, and then the radiator is formed.
Wherein, the width and depth of the first circular groove and the second circular groove are determined by the dispersion characteristic. In order to eliminate the fluctuation of dispersion characteristics caused by the open stopband effect, the width and the depth (w) are adjusted by an iterative calculation method with the aim of obtaining a linearly-changed phase constant beta (the real part of the dispersion characteristics) and a stable and unchanged attenuation constant alpha (the imaginary part of the dispersion characteristics) 1 ，w 2 ，h 1 ，h 2 ) The specific numerical value of (1).
The specific calculation process is as follows: according to the frequency band and the requirement characteristic, the initial value of width and depth is given, and two same widths and depths (w) are generally selected 1 ＝w 2 ,h 1 ＝h 2 ＝λ 0 The conventional symmetrical unit of/4) is used as an initial value; secondly, calculating a phase constant and an attenuation constant corresponding to the current unit based on a moment method and other numerical analysis methods, calculating whether the threshold requirement of iteration termination is met or not based on the linearity of the obtained phase constant and the smoothness of the attenuation constant, and if not, reselecting an initial value according to an iteration rule to carry out iterative calculation until the termination requirement is met.
The multiple groups of asymmetric radiating parts are periodically and uniformly distributed by taking the center feed part as a circle center, the depths and the widths of a plurality of first circular grooves in the multiple groups of asymmetric radiating parts are all consistent, and the depths and the widths of a plurality of second circular grooves in the multiple groups of asymmetric radiating parts are all consistent; the radiation efficiency eta of the leaky-wave antenna meets eta =1-2 alpha L between the antenna aperture size L and the attenuation constant alpha, and the more the number of the asymmetric radiation parts is, the larger the antenna aperture size is, the higher the finally obtained antenna efficiency is.
Referring to fig. 2, a schematic diagram of a leaky-wave antenna phase constant changing with frequency obtained by a moment method simulation is taken as an example of an asymmetric periodic ripple leaky-wave antenna unit in a frequency band of 0.4 to 0.6THz, and as shown in fig. 2, a corresponding relation sin θ = β/k between the leaky-wave antenna phase constant and a beam pointing angle is obtained by the leaky-wave antenna phase constant and the beam pointing angle 0 Therefore, the main beam realizes gapless scanning in the working range by introducing the asymmetric units, which shows that the open-stop band effect of the leaky-wave antenna in the feed array is successfully inhibited, and frequency scanning in a wide frequency band can be realized.
Referring to fig. 3, a schematic diagram of the variation of the attenuation constant of the leaky-wave antenna with frequency is obtained through a moment method simulation by taking an asymmetric periodic corrugated leaky-wave antenna unit in a frequency band of 0.4-0.6THz as an example. As shown in fig. 3, the attenuation constant is kept stable in the working range by introducing the asymmetric unit, which shows that the open-stop band effect of the leaky-wave antenna in the feed array is successfully suppressed, and frequency scanning in a wide frequency band can be realized.
As shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, the phase constant and the attenuation constant obtained by calculation have significantly larger values near the open stopband effect frequency (0.45 THz) with 0.4-0.6THz as the working frequency band and the conventional symmetric unit as the initial valueFluctuating, indicating that the open stopband effect is not effectively suppressed. Asymmetric unit (w) obtained by iterative computation 2 ＝0.912w 1 ,h 2 ＝0.95h 1 ) The phase constant of (2) can be approximated to a straight line, and the attenuation constant is basically kept unchanged, which shows that the open stop band effect is effectively inhibited.
The embodiment of the application also provides a multi-frequency leaky-wave feed source array antenna array, which comprises asymmetric periodic corrugated leaky-wave antenna units which are arranged on the same metal plate and correspond to multiple frequency bands, wherein the asymmetric periodic corrugated leaky-wave antenna units are the antenna units disclosed by the embodiment, the asymmetric periodic corrugated leaky-wave antenna units corresponding to waveforms with different frequencies only have the difference of size parameters, and the structure has no obvious change.
Referring to fig. 4, the schematic layout of the antenna array of the multi-frequency leaky-wave feed source array is shown in fig. 4, because the energy of the terahertz source is reduced along with the increase of the frequency, in order to ensure the stability of the radiation performance of the reflecting surface in the full frequency band, multiple groups of asymmetric periodic corrugated leaky-wave antenna units corresponding to the same high frequency band are provided, and one group of asymmetric periodic corrugated leaky-wave antenna units corresponding to one low frequency band is provided.
As shown in fig. 4, the asymmetric periodic corrugated leaky-wave antenna units corresponding to the multiple frequency bands are arranged in a common caliber manner, a group of asymmetric periodic corrugated leaky-wave antenna units corresponding to one low frequency band are distributed around the asymmetric periodic corrugated leaky-wave antenna units corresponding to the same high frequency band, and compared with the case that the multiple frequency band feed sources are arranged in a straight line, a larger deflection focus is likely to appear at the edge feed source, so that the multiple frequency band feed sources are arranged in a common caliber manner, the utilization rate of a metal plate can be improved, and the problem that the deflection focus is likely to appear at the edge feed source can be reduced.
Referring to fig. 5, a schematic diagram of an antenna system in an embodiment of the present application is shown, including: the terahertz cylindrical reflecting surface and the multi-frequency leakage wave feed source array antenna array are arranged according to the embodiment of the application, and the multi-frequency leakage wave feed source array antenna array is located at the focal line of the terahertz cylindrical reflecting surface.
The far-field directional diagram of the whole reflector antenna is basically consistent with the feed source due to the self characteristics of the cylindrical reflector, so that the leaky-wave antenna is used as the feed source, the frequency scanning characteristics of the leaky-wave antenna are utilized, and the direction of the radiation beam is changed according to the difference of the working frequency and the direction of the beam. By adjusting the frequency of each frequency band feed source, the change of the far-field beam direction of the reflector antenna can be realized without additional mechanical movement, and the beam scanning function is realized, so that the service life of an antenna system is favorably ensured.
The embodiments in the present specification are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.
While preferred embodiments of the present application have been described, additional variations and modifications of these embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including the preferred embodiment and all changes and modifications that fall within the true scope of the embodiments of the present application.
Finally, it should also be noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "include", "including" or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article, or terminal device including a series of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not explicitly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or terminal device. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising a … …" does not exclude the presence of another identical element in a process, method, article, or terminal apparatus that comprises the element.
The principle and the implementation of the present application are explained herein by applying specific examples, and the above description of the embodiments is only used to help understand the method and the core idea of the present application; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present application, there may be variations in the specific embodiments and the application scope, and in summary, the content of the present specification should not be construed as a limitation to the present application.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides an asymmetric periodic ripple leaky-wave antenna unit, its characterized in that, the unit is including setting up the central feed portion on the metal sheet and the asymmetric radiating part of multiunit of periodic arrangement, wherein:
the central feed part is used for being connected with or integrated with a waveguide port of a transmitter;
the asymmetric radiating part comprises a first circular groove and a second circular groove which are different in width, the first circular groove and the second circular groove are concentric circular grooves taking the central feeding part as a circle center, and the width and the depth of the first circular groove and the second circular groove are determined iteratively according to the suppression condition of the open stop band effect;
the multiple groups of asymmetric radiating parts are periodically arranged by taking the center feed part as a circle center.
2. The antenna unit of claim 1,
the central feed portion is a central through hole formed in the metal plate, and the size of the central through hole is consistent with that of the standard waveguide.
3. The antenna unit of claim 1,
the number of groups of the asymmetric radiating parts is in direct proportion to the radiation performance of the antenna unit.
4. The antenna unit of claim 1, wherein the width and depth of each groove in the asymmetric radiating portion are proportional to the current frequency band corresponding to the antenna unit.
5. A multi-frequency leaky-wave feed source array antenna array is characterized by comprising asymmetric periodic corrugated leaky-wave antenna units which are arranged on the same metal plate and correspond to multiple frequency bands respectively, wherein the asymmetric periodic corrugated leaky-wave antenna units which correspond to the multiple frequency bands respectively are arranged in a common caliber mode, and the asymmetric periodic corrugated leaky-wave antenna units are the antenna units as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4.
6. The antenna array of claim 5, wherein there are multiple sets of asymmetric periodic corrugated leaky-wave antenna elements corresponding to the same high frequency band.
7. The antenna array of claim 5, wherein a group of asymmetric periodic corrugated leaky-wave antenna elements corresponding to a low frequency band is provided.
8. The antenna array of claim 5, wherein a set of asymmetric periodic corrugated leaky-wave antenna elements corresponding to a low frequency band is distributed around a plurality of sets of asymmetric periodic corrugated leaky-wave antenna elements corresponding to a same high frequency band.
9. An antenna system, comprising: the terahertz cylindrical reflecting surface and the multi-frequency leaky-wave feed source array antenna array as claimed in any one of claims 5 to 8, wherein the multi-frequency leaky-wave feed source array antenna array is located at a focal line of the terahertz cylindrical reflecting surface.
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