CN114243261A - Antenna matching circuit, balun support and miniaturized antenna - Google Patents
Antenna matching circuit, balun support and miniaturized antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN114243261A CN114243261A CN202111523533.4A CN202111523533A CN114243261A CN 114243261 A CN114243261 A CN 114243261A CN 202111523533 A CN202111523533 A CN 202111523533A CN 114243261 A CN114243261 A CN 114243261A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
- H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
- H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
- H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
- H01Q1/246—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for base stations
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q23/00—Antennas with active circuits or circuit elements integrated within them or attached to them
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/20—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements characterised by the operating wavebands
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/50—Feeding or matching arrangements for broad-band or multi-band operation
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- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides an antenna matching circuit, a balun support and a miniaturized antenna, and solves the problem of overlarge amplitude of an impedance curve in a working frequency band of a full-wave dipole antenna by adopting a multi-stage coupling feed mode; meanwhile, the invention can complete matching on the antenna with smaller size, and can flexibly adopt various design methods, and the impedance bandwidth is still kept not to be reduced under the condition of reducing the height of the antenna; in addition, the invention utilizes the form of matching a plurality of broadband matching circuits by a multistage coupling feed structure, so that the full-wave dipole antenna with larger impedance variance in a working frequency band can still cover 0.69-0.96 GHz, and compared with the current technology in the same field at home and abroad, the invention has the advantages of lower required cost, simpler implementation method and more excellent achieved effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of miniaturized antennas, and particularly relates to an antenna matching circuit, a balun support and a miniaturized antenna.
Background
With the rapid development of the 5G communication technology, the integration and miniaturization of the base station become one of the main research directions of domestic and foreign communication operators, 0.69-0.96 GHz, 1.7-2.7 GHz and 3.3-3.8 GHz frequency band antennas are distributed in the 5G base station, and the array elements are required to realize the effects of high gain, high isolation, interference resistance, low loss and the like. For the antenna working at 0.69-0.96 GHz, the volume is too large, and the antenna is a miniaturized key research object; however, as the radiation surface becomes smaller, the gain of the antenna becomes lower, and thus, a small dual-polarized full-wave dipole antenna becomes an important research object for manufacturers of large antenna devices.
In order to solve the problem of narrow bandwidth of the full-wave dipole antenna, a plurality of scholars at home and abroad research the full-wave dipole antenna and issue a plurality of articles and patents. An article published by sydney science and technology university in 2019 is designed for a matching circuit of a full-wave dipole antenna, an 'inverse resonance point' in a working frequency band of the full-wave dipole antenna is processed, and the bandwidth is increased through a parallel LC circuit, however, the design is only suitable for the condition that the impedance of the 'inverse resonance point' is low, and when the difference value between the resistance value of the 'inverse resonance point' and the minimum value of the resistance in the frequency band exceeds 300 ohms, matching cannot be completed on a wide frequency band; chu and Chang published an article on IEEE in 2020, adding a specially designed low pass filter on an antenna matching circuit, and adding a resonance point on the left/right side of a frequency band without affecting the original bandwidth, thereby increasing the bandwidth by about twenty percent, however, the method needs to design a longer microstrip line segment.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, an object of the present invention is to provide an antenna matching circuit, a balun support and a miniaturized antenna, in which the impedance curve of the antenna in the operating frequency band is as smooth as possible without reducing the bandwidth of the antenna; then, the working bandwidth of the antenna is obviously increased through the combination of various broadband matching circuits.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: the antenna matching circuit is connected between the antenna radiator and the feeder line, and comprises a multi-stage coupling feed structure connected to the antenna radiator and a balun circuit connected to the feeder line, wherein broadband matching circuits used for widening the circuit bandwidth are selectively arranged between the multi-stage coupling feed structure and the balun circuit and between the balun circuit and the feeder line.
Furthermore, the multi-stage coupled feeding structure is composed of a plurality of coupled feeding units which are connected in sequence, each coupled feeding unit comprises at least one capacitive element and at least one inductive element, and adjacent elements are connected in series.
Furthermore, a short circuit line for grounding is connected to one of the broadband matching circuits.
Furthermore, the broadband matching circuit is a strip line circuit structure composed of a meander line and/or a step-type strip line.
Furthermore, the microstrip impedance transition section is also connected in series on the strip line circuit structure.
Furthermore, a plurality of microstrip line branches for low-pass filtering are arranged on the microstrip impedance transition section at intervals, the width of each microstrip line branch is not less than that of the strip line circuit structure, and the length of each microstrip line branch is far less than that of the strip line circuit structure.
Furthermore, the output end of the balun circuit is also connected with an open-circuit microstrip line.
The balun support comprises two orthogonal balun dielectric substrates, and each balun dielectric substrate is provided with the antenna matching circuit.
The miniaturized antenna comprises a radiation piece, a balun support and a bottom plate, wherein the balun support comprises two orthogonal balun dielectric substrates, each balun dielectric substrate is provided with the antenna matching circuit, and the antenna matching circuit is realized by printing a copper layer on the balun dielectric substrates.
Further, the bottom plate comprises a bottom plate medium substrate used for mounting the balun medium substrate, a plurality of feeder lines arranged on the bottom plate medium substrate and a coaxial line arranged at the bottom of the bottom plate medium substrate and used for connecting other external components, and the coaxial line feeds current into the feeder lines through holes in the bottom plate medium substrate.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention adopts a multi-stage coupling feed mode, and solves the problem of overlarge amplitude of an impedance curve in a working frequency band of the full-wave dipole antenna; meanwhile, the invention can complete matching on the antenna with smaller size, and can flexibly adopt various design methods, and the impedance bandwidth is still kept not to be reduced under the condition of reducing the height of the antenna;
2. according to the invention, a form that a multistage coupling feed structure is matched with a plurality of broadband matching circuits is utilized, so that the full-wave dipole antenna with larger impedance variance in a working frequency band can still cover 0.69-0.96 GHz, compared with the current technology in the same field at home and abroad, the full-wave dipole antenna has the advantages of lower required cost, simpler implementation method and more excellent achieved effect;
3. a plurality of wider and shorter microstrip lines with different sizes are arranged on the microstrip impedance transition section of the stripline circuit structure in an inserting way, so that a plurality of resonance points are newly added in the original working frequency band, and the bandwidth is further widened;
4. one broadband matching circuit is connected with a short circuit line for grounding, so that on one hand, the antenna array element can be plugged and unplugged, and on the other hand, the antenna can keep the required bandwidth unchanged without contacting a large grounding plate of the base station;
5. the implementation method is simple, can realize wide bandwidth matching on the antenna with lower cost, can be used at 0.69-0.96 GHz, 1.4-2.7 GHz and 3.3-3.8 GHz, and has very strong competitiveness in future multi-antenna base station arrays.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a Z parameter simulation diagram for a conventional orthogonal dual-polarized full-wave dipole antenna of 0.69-0.96 GHz;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a balun support of the present invention in an embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the balun support of the present invention at another angle in an embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a simplified circuit diagram of an antenna matching circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of an antenna matching circuit;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the back side of an antenna matching circuit in an embodiment;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a transverse coupling mode of the coupled feeding structure in the embodiment;
FIG. 8 is a schematic illustration of a multi-stage coupling scheme of the laterally applied coupling scheme shown in FIG. 7;
fig. 9 is a simulation diagram of S-parameters of the conventional orthogonal dual-polarized full-wave dipole antenna shown in fig. 1 when the antenna matching circuit of the present invention is applied to the antenna, LB _ P1 being a port responsible for 45 ° polarization of the antenna, LB _ P2 being a port responsible for-45 ° polarization of the antenna;
fig. 10 is a directional diagram of a frequency dividing point within an operating frequency band when the antenna matching circuit of the present invention is applied to the conventional orthogonal dual-polarized full-wave dipole antenna shown in fig. 1 and LB _ P1 is excited;
fig. 11 is a main polarization component diagram and a cross polarization component diagram of a division point within an operating frequency band of the conventional orthogonal dual-polarized full-wave dipole antenna shown in fig. 1 when the antenna matching circuit of the present invention is applied and LB _ P1 is excited;
FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a miniaturized antenna according to an embodiment;
fig. 13 is a simulation diagram of Z parameters of the miniaturized antenna according to the embodiment without the loading matching circuit;
fig. 14 is a simulation diagram of the voltage standing wave ratio of the miniaturized antenna in the embodiment without the loading matching circuit;
fig. 15 is a graph showing simulated voltage standing wave ratios of the miniaturized antenna according to the embodiment after the matching circuit is loaded;
FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of an array including 16 antennas (element A in the figure) operating at 1.4-2.7 GHz and 4 antennas (element B in the figure) operating at 0.69-0.96 GHz.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments, and all other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, a Z parameter simulation diagram for a conventional orthogonal dual-polarized full-wave dipole antenna of 0.69 to 0.96 GHz shows that the maximum resistance and the minimum resistance of the element in the operating frequency band are about 800 Ω, the maximum reactance and the minimum reactance are about 700 j Ω, the impedance of the "inverse resonance point" of the radiator is (996.79+ j 188.12) Ω, and for the conventional orthogonal dual-polarized full-wave dipole antenna, it is difficult for the conventional matching circuit to match the standing wave thereof to below 1.4 at 0.69 to 0.96 GHz.
For the conventional orthogonal dual-polarized full-wave dipole antenna shown in fig. 1, fig. 2 and 3 show a schematic structural diagram of a balun support, in which 2-1 is a balun and a matching circuit of a radiator responsible for radiating a 45 ° polarized electric field, 2-2 is a balun and a matching circuit of a radiator responsible for radiating a-45 ° polarized electric field, and two baluns and corresponding matching circuits denoted by 2-1 and 2-2 are antenna matching circuits of the present invention, and their planes are orthogonal to each other in space, so that the antenna can be controlled to radiate a +/-45 ° polarized electric field in space. 2-3 is a balun dielectric substrate for bearing two baluns and a matching circuit; 2-4 is a feeder line, specifically a 50 Ω feeder line, for connecting the matching circuit and the coaxial line, wherein 2-4 (a) is connected with 2-1, 2-4(b) is connected with 2-2; 2-5 is a bottom plate dielectric substrate bearing a feeder 2-4, and 2-6 is a back cavity on the back of the bottom plate dielectric substrate 2-5 and is used as a ground plane; the welding points of the bottom plate medium substrate 2-5 are 2 in total, and the bottom plate medium substrate can be fixed on a base station through screws, so that array elements can be plugged and pulled; the coaxial line connecting other external components is arranged on the back of the balun dielectric substrate 2-5, and current is fed into the feeder line 2-4 through the through hole on the bottom plate dielectric substrate 2-5, the overall height of the example is 83 mm, the material of the dielectric substrate can be determined according to the specific production conditions of manufacturers, the materials used for the balun dielectric substrate 2-3 used in the figures 2 and 3 and the bottom plate dielectric substrate 2-5 used for bearing the balun support are ARLON series substrates, the dielectric constant is 3.0, and if a dielectric substrate with higher precision and smaller loss such as ROGERS 5880 is used, the effect brought by the technology is more excellent.
Because the frequency point of the full-wave antenna with the electrical length of 1 wavelength in the frequency band can generate an 'inverse resonance point', the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the resistance of the antenna in the working frequency band is very large. In order to solve the problem, for 4 feeding positions between two baluns and corresponding matching circuits designated by 2-1 and 2-2 and an antenna radiation surface, the feeding method adopted by the invention is coupling feeding, and the position with smaller impedance in the circuit designated by the radiation surface is selected as a feeding position. As shown in fig. 4, which is a simple equivalent circuit diagram of the feeding method in the present invention, at the stage before the feeding point, the present invention provides a multi-stage coupled feeding structure, which reduces the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of impedance in the operating frequency band of the full-wave dipole antenna by using the series circuit of the capacitive element and the inductive element continuously, and finally smoothes the standing wave curve.
Further, as shown in fig. 5 and 6, the antenna matching circuit in this embodiment is composed of 6 parts of circuits, which are respectively a multistage coupling feed structure 4-1, a strip line circuit structure 4-2 composed of meander lines and/or step-shaped strip lines, a balun circuit 4-3 mainly including a transformer circuit, an open-circuit microstrip line 4-4, an impedance-graded microstrip circuit structure 4-5 in which a plurality of microstrip lines equivalent to parallel capacitors are inserted, and a grounded short-circuit line 4-6, wherein the multistage coupling feed structure 4-1 is connected to an antenna radiator, and the impedance-graded microstrip circuit structure 4-5 is connected to a 50-ohm microstrip line. Furthermore, an impedance gradual change type microstrip circuit structure 4-5 which is inserted in the middle of a plurality of microstrip lines which can be equivalent to parallel capacitors can be equivalently regarded as that a microstrip impedance gradual change section is connected in series on a strip line circuit structure 4-2 which is composed of a bent line and/or a step-shaped strip line, a plurality of microstrip line branches for low-pass filtering are arranged on the microstrip impedance gradual change section at intervals, in order to achieve the best use effect, the width of each microstrip line branch is not less than the width of the strip line circuit structure, the length of each microstrip line branch is far less than the length of the strip line circuit structure, the microstrip line branches can be equivalent to parallel capacitors, the branch structure can make up the defect of the impedance gradual change type microstrip circuit structure in the impedance change range, and the resonance points are increased by inserting the wider and shorter microstrip line branches in the middle of the microstrip circuit, namely adding one low-pass filter in different frequency bands, finally, the bandwidth is increased; the short ground 4-6 ensures that the antenna is grounded, so that the antenna does not need to be soldered to a large power splitter plate of the base station array.
The above structure is an implementation form of the present invention, and for the present invention, the central idea is: standing wave changes of the full-wave dipole antenna in a working frequency band are greatly smoothed through the multistage coupling structure, and then various broadband matching circuits are used and properly combined together to widen the bandwidth of the circuit. Compared with the normal microstrip matching circuit, the antenna matching circuit structure can increase the bandwidth of the antenna by about thirty-four percent.
Further, the antenna matching circuit is realized by printing copper layers on the balun dielectric substrates 2-3 and the bottom plate dielectric substrates 2-5, in which the dielectric substrates are double-sided boards, and the minimum width of the copper wire is 0.7 mm and the maximum width is 7 mm.
With the more and more strict requirements of antenna height and balun size by antenna manufacturers at home and abroad in recent years, the matching circuit of the antenna should be completed in a smaller space as much as possible. The multi-stage coupling structure of the present invention can also be transversely developed, as shown in fig. 7, when a current flows through the point a into the balun circuit, the current first passes through a very wide strip line, which guides the current to a plate capacitor composed of two strip lines, the two strip lines are respectively located on two sides of the dielectric substrate, the current is coupled from one strip line to the other, and then flows into the balun circuit through some strip lines. Of course, the coupling structure can also be made into a multi-stage circuit according to specific requirements, as shown in fig. 8, after the current is coupled to the strip line B on the other side of the dielectric substrate, the current flows through a certain path, and is coupled back to another strip line C on the one side of the substrate, and then flows into the balun circuit.
When the antenna radiation surface impedance is as shown in fig. 1 and the applied antenna matching circuit is as shown in fig. 2, the simulation results of the antenna shown in fig. 1 are as shown in fig. 9-11, where fig. 9 is a simulation diagram of S-parameters of two ports of the antenna, LB _ P1 is a port responsible for 45 ° polarization of the antenna, and LB _ P2 is a port responsible for-45 ° polarization of the antenna; fig. 10 is a directional diagram of a division point of the antenna in the working frequency band when LB _ P1 is excited, and fig. 11 is a main polarization component diagram and a cross polarization component diagram of the division point of the antenna in the working frequency band when LB _ P1 is excited. As can be seen from the figure, the antenna matching circuit provided by the invention can match the S parameter of the conventional orthogonal dual-polarization full-wave dipole antenna shown in the figure 1 to be below-15 dB within 0.69-0.96 GHz, the isolation is below-30 dB, the half-power beam width is kept normal, the gain is kept above-8.5 dBi, and the cross polarization ratio is kept above 30 dB at 0 degrees.
The miniaturized antenna of the present invention, as shown in fig. 12, is composed of an antenna radiation surface 7-1, a substrate 7-2 for bearing the radiation surface, a balun and matching circuit 7-3, a substrate 7-4 for bearing the balun and matching circuit and a bottom plate 7-5, wherein 7-3, 7-4 and 7-5 correspond to 2-1/2-2, 2-3 and 2-5 in fig. 2 and 3 respectively, the principle is the same, but the size is different, the miniaturized antenna and the balun support are the same, and the antenna matching circuit of the present invention is used.
Further, in this example, the size of the antenna radiation surface 7-1 is 130 mm x 130 mm, and the height is 90 mm; the substrate 7-2 for bearing the radiation surface of the antenna is made of FR4 series plate materials, so that the cost is very low; the bottom plate 7-5 is consistent with the bottom plate structure defined by 2-4-2-6 in the figures 2 and 3, and array elements can be plugged.
In the miniaturized antenna of the present invention, the antenna radiator 7-1 is a dual-polarized full-wave dipole antenna, and when the antenna matching circuit of the present invention is not loaded, the simulation result of the Z parameter is shown in fig. 13, and the voltage standing wave is shown in fig. 14; when the antenna matching circuit 7-3 of the present invention is added and a series of optimization and debugging are performed, the voltage standing wave ratio is shown in fig. 15, and it can be seen that the present invention is also applicable to a miniaturized full-wave dipole base station antenna.
Furthermore, the miniaturized antenna of the invention is still suitable for a multi-port antenna, and has no adverse effect on the isolation between ports and no influence on other array elements in the array. As shown in fig. 16, the antenna array is an array composed of 16 antennas (array element a in the figure) working at 1.4 to 2.7 GHz and 4 antennas (array element B in the figure) working at 0.69 to 0.96 GHz, wherein the array element B is loaded with the present invention, and the array can work well and efficiently at 0.69 to 0.96 GHz through simulation and test. It should be noted here that the miniaturized antenna of the present invention can be used in various frequency bands such as 0.69 to 0.96 GHz, 1.4 to 2.7 GHz, 3.3 to 3.8 GHz, etc., and performs broadband matching for a specific frequency band, and has a low overall cost, convenient disassembly, and strong competitiveness in future multi-antenna base station arrays.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. Antenna matching circuit, connect between antenna radiator and feeder, its characterized in that: the antenna matching circuit comprises a multi-stage coupling feed structure connected to an antenna radiator and a balun circuit connected to a feeder line, and a broadband matching circuit used for widening the circuit bandwidth is selectively arranged between the multi-stage coupling feed structure and the balun circuit and between the balun circuit and the feeder line.
2. The antenna matching circuit of claim 1, wherein: the multi-stage coupling feed structure is composed of a plurality of coupling feed units which are connected in sequence, each coupling feed unit comprises at least one capacitive element and at least one inductive element, and adjacent elements are connected in series.
3. The antenna matching circuit of claim 2, wherein: one of the broadband matching circuits is connected with a short circuit line for grounding.
4. The antenna matching circuit of claim 3, wherein: the broadband matching circuit is a strip line circuit structure consisting of bent lines and/or step-type strip lines.
5. The antenna matching circuit of claim 4, wherein: the structure of the strip line circuit is also connected with a microstrip impedance transition section in series.
6. The antenna matching circuit of claim 5, wherein: and a plurality of microstrip line branches for low-pass filtering are arranged on the microstrip impedance gradual change section at intervals, the width of each microstrip line branch is not less than that of the strip line circuit structure, and the length of each microstrip line branch is far less than that of the strip line circuit structure.
7. The antenna matching circuit of claim 3, wherein: the output end of the balun circuit is also connected with an open-circuit microstrip line.
8. The balun support comprises two balun dielectric substrates which are orthogonally arranged, and is characterized in that: an antenna matching circuit as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7 provided on each balun dielectric substrate.
9. Miniaturized antenna, including radiation piece, balun support and bottom plate, the balun support includes the balun dielectric substrate of two quadrature settings, its characterized in that: an antenna matching circuit as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7 provided on each balun dielectric substrate by printing a copper layer on the balun dielectric substrate.
10. The miniaturized antenna of claim 9, wherein: the bottom plate comprises a bottom plate dielectric substrate used for mounting the balun dielectric substrate, a plurality of feeder lines arranged on the bottom plate dielectric substrate and a coaxial line arranged at the bottom of the bottom plate dielectric substrate and used for connecting other external components, and the coaxial line feeds current into the feeder lines through holes in the bottom plate dielectric substrate.
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| CN202111523533.4A CN114243261A (en) | 2021-12-14 | 2021-12-14 | Antenna matching circuit, balun support and miniaturized antenna |
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| CN202111523533.4A CN114243261A (en) | 2021-12-14 | 2021-12-14 | Antenna matching circuit, balun support and miniaturized antenna |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2024076946A1 (en) * | 2022-10-07 | 2024-04-11 | Commscope Technologies Llc | Cross-dipole radiating elements having feed stalks that exhibit improved cloaking performance and base station antennas including such radiating elements |
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2021
- 2021-12-14 CN CN202111523533.4A patent/CN114243261A/en active Pending
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2024076946A1 (en) * | 2022-10-07 | 2024-04-11 | Commscope Technologies Llc | Cross-dipole radiating elements having feed stalks that exhibit improved cloaking performance and base station antennas including such radiating elements |
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