CN114236444A - Hyperpolarized gas lung variable sampling rate rapid magnetic resonance diffusion weighted imaging method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a hyperpolarized gas lung variable sampling rate rapid magnetic resonance diffusion weighted imaging method, wherein a subject inhales hyperpolarized gas and holds the breath, multi-b-value lung weighted imaging data with variable sampling rate is collected in the breath holding process, each b value of diffusion weighted imaging adopts different sampling rates, corresponding collected K space sampling matrixes are different, and the image quality is ensured while the scanning time is shortened. And after data acquisition, image reconstruction is carried out by combining compressed sensing, and lung microstructure parameters are extracted through a lung airway microstructure model. The method can realize quantitative evaluation of the alveolar airway microstructure without invasiveness and ionizing radiation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), and particularly relates to a hyperpolarized gas lung variable sampling rate rapid Magnetic Resonance diffusion weighted Imaging method which can shorten the scanning time of Magnetic Resonance diffusion weighted Imaging. Adapted for hyperpolarizing gases such as129Xe or3He or83Kr imaging.
Background
In the traditional magnetic resonance imaging, water protons in a human body are used as a signal source, and the functional and structural information of most tissues of the human body except for the lung can be obtained. However, since the lungs are hollow structures, the overall water proton spin density is much lower than other tissues, and thus the lungs are the shadow of conventional MRI. Hyperpolarized gas MRI provides a new imaging technique, and by virtue of the advantages of easy diffusion of gas, good chemical shift sensitivity and lipid solubility, the lung visualization and quantitative assessment of lung structure and function can be realized. Inert gases, e.g.129Xe or3He can become hyperpolarized gas through a spin exchange optical pump, and the magnetic resonance sensitivity of the hyperpolarized gas can be improved by 4-5 orders of magnitude compared with that of the hyperpolarized gas in a thermal equilibrium state. Diffusion Weighted Imaging (DWI) can measure the Diffusion of molecules, and based on a hyperpolarized gas magnetic resonance DWI method, quantitative assessment of lung microstructure can be achieved. Conventional DWI scans are long and cannot tolerate prolonged breath-hold scans in patients with lung disease.
Techniques to speed up MRI data acquisition are constantly being developed in order to shorten the scan time. The most widely used acceleration technique at present is Compressed Sensing (CS), which utilizes the inherent sparsity of MRI data to achieve accelerated acquisition of MRI by randomly undersampled K-space without the need for expensive hardware and complex acquisition schemes. CS has been used for accelerated acquisition of hyperpolarized gas magnetic resonance DWI data. Currently, several fast magnetic resonance methods for lung diffusion weighted imaging have been developed in the field, and these methods generally use a fixed acceleration factor in combination with a fixed undersampled K-space sampling matrix, or a fixed acceleration factor in combination with a varying undersampled K-space sampling matrix. For an acquisition strategy with a constant acceleration factor, the magnitude of the acceleration factor is limited, and as it increases, the undersampled acquisition of K-space inevitably causes image loss, thereby introducing artifacts in the reconstructed image.
The prior relevant technical scheme aiming at the application background of the invention is as follows:
1) a fixed acceleration factor and a fixed K-space sampling matrix (Magnetic Resonance in Medicine,2010,63: 1059-. Since the DWI signal attenuates with increasing b-value, it is more difficult to accurately measure the lung microstructure parameters.
2) A fixed acceleration factor and a varying K-space sampling matrix (Magnetic Resonance in Medicine,2020,84: 416-. The K space sampling matrixes corresponding to different b values are different, but the size of the acceleration factor is limited, and the shortening of the scanning time is limited when the acceleration factor is small; large acceleration factors result in image-induced reconstruction artifacts.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art and provide a hyperpolarized gas lung variable sampling rate fast magnetic resonance diffusion weighted imaging method.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a hyperpolarized gas lung variable sampling rate fast magnetic resonance diffusion weighted imaging method comprises the following steps:
step 1, a subject inhales hyperpolarized gas, then imaging scanning is carried out in a single breath holding, and variable acceleration factor sampling is carried out according to different corresponding acceleration factors and different sampling matrixes set for different b values, so that lung multi-b value weighted imaging data with variable sampling rates are obtained;
step 2, reconstructing the variable sampling rate lung multi-b value weighted imaging data obtained in the step 1 to obtain a lung reconstructed multi-b value diffusion weighted image;
and 3, fitting the lung reconstruction multi-b-value diffusion weighted image based on the lung airway microstructure model to obtain lung microstructure parameters.
The acceleration factors and different sampling matrices corresponding to different b values in step 1 are obtained through the following steps:
step 1.1, performing single breath-holding hyperpolarized gas magnetic resonance multi-b-value diffusion weighted imaging in a subject capable of holding breath for a long time to obtain a full-sampling magnetic resonance image corresponding to each b value;
step 1.2, applying different sampling rates and sampling matrixes to the full-sampling magnetic resonance image corresponding to a single b value to perform undersampling retrospective reconstruction, and obtaining undersampled reconstructed images corresponding to the b value under different sampling rates;
step 1.3, calculating average absolute errors between the undersampled reconstructed image under each sampling rate corresponding to the same b value and the fully-sampled magnetic resonance image corresponding to the same b value, selecting the reciprocal of the sampling rate corresponding to one average absolute error smaller than or equal to an error threshold as a primary screening acceleration factor corresponding to the b value, and acquiring a corresponding sampling matrix as a primary screening sampling matrix corresponding to the b value;
step 1.4, repeating the steps 1.2 and 1.3 to obtain primary screening acceleration factors and primary screening sampling matrixes corresponding to all the b values;
step 1.5, replacing the testee, repeating the steps 1.2, 1.3 and 1.4, obtaining primary screening acceleration factors and primary screening sampling matrixes corresponding to all the b values of different testees, selecting the primary screening acceleration factor with the highest repetition rate in all the primary screening acceleration factors corresponding to the b values as an optimal acceleration factor, wherein the primary screening sampling matrix corresponding to the optimal acceleration factor is an optimal sampling matrix, and the optimal acceleration factor and the optimal sampling matrix are respectively used as the acceleration factor and the sampling matrix corresponding to the b values in the step 1.
The range of the error threshold as described above is (0, + ∞).
The subject is human or experimental animal, and the experimental animal is mouse or rabbit or dog or pig; the hyperpolarized gas is129Xe or3He or83Kr。
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the method realizes the DWI with variable sampling rate by adopting different acceleration factors through different b values for the first time, and the corresponding K space sampling matrixes are different by adopting the variable acceleration factors in the b value direction. The scanning time is shortened, and the image quality is ensured;
2. the method is simple to operate and high in compatibility, and can be combined with the existing acceleration methods such as compressed sensing, deep learning and parallel imaging, so that the scanning time is shortened;
3. the method can obtain physiological parameters representing lung structures by processing diffusion weighted image data acquired by variable sampling rates under different b values, and further quantitatively evaluate the microstructure of the alveolus.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a diffusion weighted imaging pulse sequence in an example.
Fig. 3 shows a sampling matrix corresponding to different b values in the example.
Fig. 4 is a lung reconstructed multi-b-value diffusion weighted image of a healthy subject in an example.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme and the specific embodiment of the invention are further described in detail by combining the hyperpolarized xenon gas lung multi-b value variable sampling rate DWI of a subject under the imaging instruments of figures 1-4 and 3T with the technical scheme of the invention as the specific example:
a hyperpolarized gas lung variable sampling rate fast magnetic resonance diffusion weighted imaging method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, a subject inhales hyperpolarized gas, the subject is a human or an experimental animal, the experimental animal comprises a mouse, a rabbit, a dog, a pig and the like, and the hyperpolarized gas can be129Xe or3He or83Kr, the hyperpolarized gas in the embodiment is hyperpolarized xenon gas, then imaging scanning is carried out in a single breath holding, and variable acceleration factor sampling is carried out according to different acceleration factors and different sampling matrixes corresponding to different b values (diffusion sensitivity factors) to obtain lung multi-b value weighted imaging data with variable sampling rateIn this embodiment, the b value includes 0, 10, 20, 30s/cm24 layers of images;
in this embodiment, the schematic diagram of the diffusion weighted imaging pulse sequence is shown in fig. 2, and a diffusion sensitive gradient is inside a dashed line frame and applied in the layer selection direction; the application direction of the diffusion sensitive gradient can be a layer selection direction or a phase direction or a reading direction, 2 diffusion sensitive gradients which are the same in size and opposite in sign are applied, the size of the diffusion sensitive gradient is G, the duration time of the diffusion sensitive gradient is delta, and b is a diffusion sensitive factor. Diffusion weighted imaging at different b-values is obtained by applying diffusion sensitive gradients of different sizes. b may be any value greater than 0.
The sampling matrixes corresponding to different b values are shown in fig. 3, and the sampling matrixes corresponding to different b values are different;
step 2, reconstructing the lung multi-b value weighted imaging data with the variable sampling rate obtained in the step 1 to obtain a lung reconstructed multi-b value diffusion weighted image equivalent to full sampling; the reconstruction can be realized by combining compressed sensing or deep learning and the like.
And 3, fitting the lung reconstruction multi-b-value diffusion weighted image based on the lung airway microstructure model to obtain lung microstructure parameters. The pulmonary airway microstructure model may be a cylindrical model or a tensile index model or a single chamber model.
The multi-b diffusion weighted image of the lung of the subject obtained by the method of this embodiment is shown in fig. 4.
The acceleration factors and different sampling matrixes corresponding to different b values in the step 1 are obtained through the following steps:
step 1.1, performing single breath-holding hyperpolarized gas magnetic resonance multi-b-value diffusion weighted imaging in a subject capable of holding breath for a long time to obtain full-sampling magnetic resonance images corresponding to all b values, wherein the full-sampling magnetic resonance images corresponding to all b values form full-sampling multi-b-value magnetic resonance images;
step 1.2, applying a series of different sampling rates and sampling matrixes to a full-sampling magnetic resonance image corresponding to a single b value to perform undersampling retrospective reconstruction, and obtaining a series of undersampled reconstructed images corresponding to the b value under different sampling rates;
the specific operation is as follows: carrying out multi-sampling rate reconstruction on the full-sampling magnetic resonance image corresponding to the same b value, wherein the sampling rate range is [0.125,0.5], the interval is 0.025, and a series of undersampled reconstructed images under different sampling rates corresponding to the same b value are obtained;
step 1.3, comparing the undersampled reconstructed images obtained in step 1.2 at different sampling rates corresponding to the same b value with the full-sampling magnetic resonance images obtained in step 1.1, respectively calculating Mean Absolute Error (MAE) between the undersampled reconstructed images at each sampling rate corresponding to the same b value and the full-sampling magnetic resonance images corresponding to the same b value, taking a certain set value as an error threshold, wherein the range of the error threshold is (0, + ∞), in this embodiment, taking 0.03 as the error threshold, selecting the reciprocal of the corresponding sampling rate when one of the average absolute error MAEs is less than or equal to the error threshold as a prescreening acceleration factor corresponding to the b value, and obtaining a corresponding sampling matrix as the prescreening sampling matrix corresponding to the b value;
step 1.4, repeating the steps 1.2 and 1.3 to obtain primary screening acceleration factors and primary screening sampling matrixes corresponding to all the b values;
step 1.5, replacing the testee, repeating the steps 1.2, 1.3 and 1.4, obtaining primary screening acceleration factors and primary screening sampling matrixes corresponding to all the b values of different testees, selecting the primary screening acceleration factor with the highest repetition rate in all the primary screening acceleration factors corresponding to the b values as an optimal acceleration factor, wherein the primary screening sampling matrix corresponding to the optimal acceleration factor is the optimal sampling matrix, the acceleration factors corresponding to 4 b values are 8, 3 and 2, and the corresponding sampling matrixes are shown in figure 3. And respectively taking the optimal acceleration factor and the optimal sampling matrix as the acceleration factor and the sampling matrix corresponding to the value b in the step 1.
The above is a part of the detailed description of the present invention, and the embodiment is only an illustration of the method of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make various modifications or additions to the described embodiment, and it is not intended to limit the present invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A hyperpolarized gas lung variable sampling rate fast magnetic resonance diffusion weighted imaging method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, a subject inhales hyperpolarized gas, then imaging scanning is carried out in a single breath holding, and variable acceleration factor sampling is carried out according to different corresponding acceleration factors and different sampling matrixes set for different b values, so that lung multi-b value weighted imaging data with variable sampling rates are obtained;
step 2, reconstructing the variable sampling rate lung multi-b value weighted imaging data obtained in the step 1 to obtain a lung reconstructed multi-b value diffusion weighted image;
and 3, fitting the lung reconstruction multi-b-value diffusion weighted image based on the lung airway microstructure model to obtain lung microstructure parameters.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the acceleration factors and sampling matrices corresponding to different b values in step 1 are obtained by:
step 1.1, performing single breath-holding hyperpolarized gas magnetic resonance multi-b-value diffusion weighted imaging in a subject capable of holding breath for a long time to obtain a full-sampling magnetic resonance image corresponding to each b value;
step 1.2, applying different sampling rates and sampling matrixes to the full-sampling magnetic resonance image corresponding to a single b value to perform undersampling retrospective reconstruction, and obtaining undersampled reconstructed images corresponding to the b value under different sampling rates;
step 1.3, calculating average absolute errors between the undersampled reconstructed image under each sampling rate corresponding to the same b value and the fully-sampled magnetic resonance image corresponding to the same b value, selecting the reciprocal of the sampling rate corresponding to one average absolute error smaller than or equal to an error threshold as a primary screening acceleration factor corresponding to the b value, and acquiring a corresponding sampling matrix as a primary screening sampling matrix corresponding to the b value;
step 1.4, repeating the steps 1.2 and 1.3 to obtain primary screening acceleration factors and primary screening sampling matrixes corresponding to all the b values;
step 1.5, replacing the testee, repeating the steps 1.2, 1.3 and 1.4, obtaining primary screening acceleration factors and primary screening sampling matrixes corresponding to all the b values of different testees, selecting the primary screening acceleration factor with the highest repetition rate in all the primary screening acceleration factors corresponding to the b values as an optimal acceleration factor, wherein the primary screening sampling matrix corresponding to the optimal acceleration factor is an optimal sampling matrix, and the optimal acceleration factor and the optimal sampling matrix are respectively used as the acceleration factor and the sampling matrix corresponding to the b values in the step 1.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the error threshold is in the range of (0, + ∞).
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the subject is a human or an experimental animal, and the experimental animal is a mouse, a rabbit, a dog, or a pig; the hyperpolarized gas is129Xe or3He or83Kr。
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