CN114236099B - Coal mining damage range determining method based on energy transfer conservation - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a coal mining damage range determining method based on energy transfer conservation, which comprises the steps of determining the thickness of each rock stratum of overlying strata by surface drilling,sampling is carried out; the elastic modulus Ei of each rock stratum and the elastic modulus E and peak strain epsilon of the coal body are actually measured in a laboratory by adopting a uniaxial compression method m Plastic strain epsilon u And residual elastic strain epsilon e (ii) a According to the mining size of the coal bed, the coal bed burial depth H and the overlying rock volume weight gamma, the total energy released by mining the coal bed is calculated
The residual energy E is obtained according to the principle of energy conservation and the plastic damage dissipation energy, the residual strain elastic energy and the elastic strain energy of the disturbance area of the damaged rock stratum c (ii) a Determine the remaining energy E c Ultimate strain energy E with the next undamaged formation m The size of (c) between. The method can clear the damage conduction mechanism of the overlying strata in coal seam mining, predict the damage disturbance range caused by mining and provide a basis for realizing damage control.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of coal seam mining, in particular to a method for determining a damage range and a conduction mechanism of overlying strata in the process of underground coal mining, and particularly relates to a method for determining a damage range of coal mining based on energy transfer conservation.
Background
The scale of the Chinese underground coal mine is developed from million tons (100-300 ten thousand tons/year) in the nineties of the last century to million tons (1000-3000 ten thousand tons/year) in the early century, the mining intensification level is continuously improved, and the method becomes an important way for improving the safety guarantee degree, the resource recovery rate and the economic benefit of the coal mine. According to the intensive development layout, the yield of 14 large-scale coal bases in China accounts for more than 95 percent of the whole country. High-strength mining is an important mode of intensive mining, but the problems of rapid surface subsidence and large deformation, and further serious ecological damage are urgently needed to be solved. The yield of western Jinshanmengning sweet coal represented by Shendong mining area is 3/4 of China, but the area is vulnerable to ecology and deficient in water resources, and the desertification of the mining area and the periphery are aggravated by high-intensity mining. The east mining area represented by the 'Shuihi' mining area guarantees energy supply in east China, but high-intensity mining causes land collapse, and causes more shortage of land resources in mining urban areas. The ecological damage of the surface of the mining area is caused by the mining damage of a lower rock stratum and the transmission damage of an upper rock stratum and a surface layer caused by the mining damage of a lower rock stratum caused by deformation, breakage and movement of overlying strata caused by coal mining. However, because the underground rock-soil layer structure has continuous and discontinuous medium characteristics and complex mechanical properties, the conducting and controlling model of overburden rock-surface damage (called mining damage) caused by mining is difficult to establish.
In summary, the following problems exist in the prior art: the damage conduction mechanism of the overlying strata in coal seam mining is not clear, and the damage range is difficult to determine.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a coal mining damage range determining method based on energy transfer conservation, and aims to solve the problems that a damage conduction mechanism of overlying strata in coal mining is not clear, and a damage range is difficult to determine.
Therefore, the invention provides a coal mining damage range determining method based on energy transfer conservation, which comprises the following steps of:
step a,Drilling a ground hole in a ground mining coal seam of a research mine, sampling each layer of overlying strata and measuring the thickness H i Measuring (2);
step b, carrying out laboratory uniaxial compression test on each layer of rock sample, and measuring the elastic modulus Ei of each rock layer, the elastic modulus E of the coal body and the peak strain epsilon m Plastic strain epsilon u And residual elastic strain epsilon e ；
Step c, according to the elastic modulus E of the mined coal body (mined coal bed) and the burial depth H, the elastic strain caused by the ground stress can be obtained
Wherein gamma is overburden bulk density and the unit is N/m 3
Step d, further obtaining elastic strain energy according to the elastic strain of the coal body
Wherein D is the working face length in meters, L is the working face advancing length in meters, and M is the working face mining height in meters;
e, calculating and obtaining the residual energy E when the layer I is damaged in the conduction process according to the principle of energy conservation ci Residual energy
E u Dissipation of energy, E, to damage plasticity e Residual strain energy of the damaged area, E r Elastic strain energy of a disturbance area;
step j, judging the residual energy E ci Ultimate strain energy E with i +1 formation mi+1 The size of (c) between.
Further, still include:
step k, when E ci ≥E mi+1 When the (i + 1) th rock stratum is damaged, the damage energy is continuously transmitted to the (i + 2) th rock stratum, the step d is returned, and the residual energy E is continuously calculated c+1 Re-judging the i +2 rock stratum limit strain energy E mi+2 The size of (c) in between.
Further, still include:
step j, when E ci <E mi+1 And then the i +1 rock stratum is not damaged, the damage transmission is stopped, the damage range caused by coal seam mining is up to the i rock stratum, and the total volume of the damage range is calculated
Further, step d specifically includes the following steps:
step d1, first calculate the damaged volume of the i-th layer
Wherein
H is the buried depth, i.e. the distance between the ith rock layer and the bottom plate of the mined coal bed, and the unit is meter, H i Is the thickness of the ith layer of rock, in meters, theta is the dip angle, and beta is the strike angle.
Step d2, calculating the mining disturbance volume of the ith layer
Wherein
θ 1 Angle of attack, beta 1 Run towards the injury angle.
Step d3 plastic dissipative strain energy of ith formation
E i And ε ui Respectively the elastic modulus and the plastic strain of the ith stratum;
d4 residual damaged zone of ith formationElastic strain energy
ε sei The residual elastic strain of the damaged area of the ith rock stratum is obtained;
d5 residual elastic strain energy of disturbed region of ith formation
ε rei Elastic strain of a disturbance zone of an ith rock stratum is obtained;
step d6 ultimate strain energy of i +1 th formation
ε mi+1 Is the i +1 th formation peak strain, V mi+1 The damaged volume of the i +1 th layer after damage and the damaged volume V of the i th layer mi The calculation method is the same.
With the improvement of coal mining technology and equipment, intensive and high-strength mining becomes a main mode of safe and efficient mines in China. But the damage to overlying strata, earth surfaces and ecology caused by intensive high-strength mining is serious, the repair difficulty is high, and the cost is high, so that the method is a common key technical problem which restricts the green mining of coal. The fundamental way to solve the problem is to master the damage and conduction mechanism and rule of high-strength mining on overlying strata and earth surface, and further to develop a high-efficiency low-cost repairing technology from the mining source.
The invention provides a coal mining damage range determining method based on energy transfer conservation, which comprises the steps of determining the thickness of each rock stratum of surrounding rock by surface drilling, and sampling; laboratory adopts uniaxial compression method to actually measure elastic modulus E and peak strain epsilon of each rock stratum m Plastic strain epsilon u And residual elastic strain epsilon e (ii) a According to the mining size of the coal bed, the coal bed burial depth H and the overlying rock volume weight gamma, the total energy released by mining the coal bed is calculated
According to the principle of energy conservation and plastic damage dissipation energy and residual strain bomb of the damaged rock stratumResidual energy E is obtained through performance and elastic strain energy of disturbance area c (ii) a Determining the remaining energy E c Ultimate strain energy E of undamaged rock stratum below top and bottom plates m The size of (c) between. The method can clear the damage conduction mechanism of the coal seam mining top and bottom plates, predict the damage disturbance range of the top and bottom plates caused by mining and provide a foundation for realizing damage control.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a damaged area and a disturbed area during a coal seam mining damage transmission process according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of a damaged area of the ith formation according to the present invention.
The reference numbers indicate:
1. mining a coal bed; 2. covering rock; 3. mining the damaged area; 4. a coal seam stoping space; 5. drilling on the ground; 6. exploiting a disturbance area; 7. an ith rock stratum; 8. an i +1 th rock stratum; 9. the trend of the mining space; 10. the mining space tends.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described in order to more clearly understand the technical features, objects, and effects of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the method for determining the coal mining damage range based on energy transfer conservation of the present invention specifically includes the following steps:
a. drilling a ground borehole 5 in a mining coal seam 1 on the ground aiming at a research mine, sampling and measuring the thickness H of each layer of overlying strata 2 i Measuring (2);
b. subjecting each rock sample to uniaxial compression test in laboratory, and measuring elastic modulus Ei of each rock layer, elastic modulus E (unit MPa) of coal body, and peak strain epsilon m Plastic strain epsilon u And residual elastic strain epsilon e (ii) a The strains are all unitless;
c. from the elastic modulus E of the mined coal seam (mined coal body) 1 and the burial depth H, the elastic strain due to the ground stress can be determined
Wherein gamma is the unit of N/m of the unit of the volume weight of the top plate and the bottom plate 2 3
d. Further determining elastic strain energy according to elastic strain of mined coal seam 1
Wherein D is the working face length in meters, L is the working face advancing length in meters, and M is the working face mining height in meters;
e. calculating and obtaining the residual energy E when the i-th rock stratum 7 is damaged in the conduction process according to the energy conservation principle ci Residual energy
E u Dissipation of energy to impair plasticity, E e Residual strain energy, E, for the damaged zone 3 r Is the elastic strain energy of the disturbance area 6;
e. plastic dissipated strain energy of ith formation 7
Units J, E i And epsilon ui Elastic modulus (unit MPa) and plastic strain of the ith rock formation 7, respectively;
f. residual elastic strain energy of damaged zone 3 of ith formation 7
Unit J, epsilon sei The residual elastic strain of the damaged area 3 of the ith rock stratum 7;
g. residual elastic strain energy of disturbance zone 6 of ith formation 7
Unit J, epsilon rei Perturbing the elastic strain of zone 6 for the ith formation 7;
h. damaged volume of i-th rock formation 7
As shown in FIG. 2, wherein
H is the distance between the ith rock layer 7 and the bottom plate of the mined coal seam 1, and the unit is meter, H i Is the thickness of the i-th formation 7 in meters, theta is the dip 10 damage angle and beta is the strike 9b damage angle. a, a 1 B and b 1 The units are meters and tan is a tangent trigonometric function.
i. Disturbance volume of production in the ith formation 7
Wherein
θ 1 Inclined to 10 disturbance angle, beta 1 Run 9 for the disturbance angle.
j. Determining the remaining energy E ci Ultimate strain energy E with i +1 formation 8 mi+1 The size of the gap between the two plates,
unit J, epsilon mi+1 8 th peak strain, V, for the i +1 st rock formation mi+1 The damaged volume of the i +1 th layer 8 after damage is m 3 Calculating according to the step h;
k. when E is ci ≥E mi+1 When the (i + 1) th rock stratum 8 is damaged, the damage energy is continuously transmitted to the (i + 2) th rock stratum 11, the step d is returned, and the residual energy E is continuously calculated ci+1 Re-judging the ultimate strain energy E of the i +2 rock layer 11 mi+ A size between 2;
j. when E is ci <E mi+1 And then the i +1 rock stratum 8 is not damaged, the damage transmission is stopped, at the moment, the range of the damaged area 3 caused by the mining of the coal seam 1 is from the i rock stratum 7, and the total volume of the range of the damaged area 3 is calculated
Unit is m 3 。
The implementation of the method is beneficial to determining the high-strength mining overburden rock conduction rule, further determining the corresponding damage range and disturbance range, and providing support for mining damage repair.
The above description is only an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. In order that the components of the present invention may be combined without conflict, it is intended that all equivalent changes and modifications made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and principles of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A coal mining damage range determining method based on energy transfer conservation is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step a, drilling a ground hole in a ground mining coal seam of a research mine, sampling and measuring the thickness H of each layer of overlying strata i Measuring (2);
step b, carrying out laboratory uniaxial compression test on each layer of rock sample, and measuring the elastic modulus Ei of each rock layer and the elastic modulus E of the coal body, wherein the unit is pascal, and the peak strain epsilon m Dimensionless, plastic strain epsilon u Dimensionless, and residual elastic strain epsilon e No dimension;
step c, according to the elastic modulus E and the burial depth H of the mined coal body, the elastic strain of the mined coal body caused by the ground stress can be obtained
ε v Dimensionless, where γ is the overburden bulk density in units of N/m 3 And the unit of H is meter,
step d, further calculating elastic strain energy of the mined coal body according to the elastic strain of the coal body
E v In joules, where D is the face lengthDegree in meters, L is the working face advancing length in meters, and M is the working face mining height in meters;
e, calculating and obtaining the residual energy E when the layer I is damaged in the conduction process according to the principle of energy conservation ci In units of joules, residual energy
E u Dissipation of energy, E, to damage plasticity e Residual elastic strain energy of the damaged area, E r Residual elastic strain energy in a disturbance area; e ux Meaning the x-th formation damage plastic dissipation energy in joules, E ex Meaning the residual elastic strain energy in joules, E in the damaged zone of the xth formation rx Meaning the residual elastic strain energy of the xth formation disturbance zone in joules; m is the total number of layers of the overburden, and x is an integer traversing 1 to m layers;
step j, judging the residual energy E ci Ultimate strain energy E with i +1 formation mi+1 Size between, E mi+1 Units are joules;
further comprising:
step k, when E ci ≥E mi+1 And (d) when the (i + 1) th rock stratum is damaged, the damage energy is continuously transmitted to the (i + 2) th rock stratum, the step (d) is returned, and the residual energy E is continuously calculated c+1 ，E c+1 Meaning the residual energy of c +1 stratum, and re-judging the ultimate strain energy E of i +2 stratum mi+2 The size of (a);
when E is ci <E mi+1 And then, the i +1 rock stratum is not damaged, the damage transmission is stopped, the damage range caused by coal seam mining is up to the i rock stratum, and the total volume of the damage range is calculated
The step d specifically comprises the following steps:
step d1, first calculate the damaged volume of the i-th layer
Wherein
H i Is the thickness of the ith layer in meters, theta is the dip angle in degrees, beta is the strike angle in degrees, a 1 The major axes of the damage ellipse of the current layer and the previous layer are respectively in the unit of meter, b and b 1 The short axes of the damage ellipse of the current layer and the previous layer are respectively, and the unit is meter;
step d2, calculating the mining disturbance volume of the ith layer
V ei The unit is cubic meter, wherein
θ 1 Angle of attack, beta 1 The strike damage angle; tan is a trigonometric function; c and c1 are respectively the major axes of the disturbance ellipses at the current layer and the previous layer, d and d1 are respectively the minor axes of the disturbance ellipses at the current layer and the previous layer, and the unit is meter;
step d3, plastic dissipation strain energy of ith formation
Units are joules, E i And ε ui Respectively the elastic modulus and the plastic strain of the ith stratum;
d4 residual elastic strain energy of damaged zone of ith formation
In units of Joule,. epsilon sei The residual elastic strain of the damaged area of the ith rock stratum is obtained;
d5 residual elastic strain energy of disturbed region of ith formation
In units of Joule,. epsilon rei Elastic strain of a disturbance zone of an ith rock stratum is obtained;
step d6 ultimate strain energy of i +1 th formation
ε mi+1 Is the i +1 th formation peak strain, V mi+1 The damaged volume of the i +1 th layer after damage and the damaged volume V of the i th layer mi The calculation method is the same.
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