CN114235606A - Restraint device for testing ceramic protection performance and test method - Google Patents
Restraint device for testing ceramic protection performance and test method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114235606A CN114235606A CN202111638548.5A CN202111638548A CN114235606A CN 114235606 A CN114235606 A CN 114235606A CN 202111638548 A CN202111638548 A CN 202111638548A CN 114235606 A CN114235606 A CN 114235606A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/30—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying a single impulsive force, e.g. by falling weight
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0001—Type of application of the stress
- G01N2203/001—Impulsive
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/025—Geometry of the test
- G01N2203/0258—Non axial, i.e. the forces not being applied along an axis of symmetry of the specimen
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/026—Specifications of the specimen
- G01N2203/0262—Shape of the specimen
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- G01N2203/0282—Two dimensional, e.g. tapes, webs, sheets, strips, disks or membranes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
- G01N2203/0682—Spatial dimension, e.g. length, area, angle
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Abstract
The invention discloses a restraint device for testing the protective performance of ceramics, which comprises: a metal back plate; the lateral restraint plate is arranged on the metal rear effect plate, a through hole is formed in the center of the lateral restraint plate, and the ceramic is arranged in the through hole; the metal panel is arranged on one side of the lateral restraint plate, which is far away from the metal rear effect plate; the metal rear effect plate, the lateral constraint plate and the metal panel are sequentially stacked and connected through bolts. The invention can reduce the difference of the test results of ceramics with the same specification under different constraint conditions and improve the accuracy of the test result of the protective performance of the ceramics. The invention also provides a test method of the ceramic protection performance under the constraint condition.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of material mechanical property testing, in particular to a restraint device and a test method for testing ceramic protection performance.
Background
Ceramic materials are excellent ballistic materials due to their low density, high modulus, high hardness, and high compressive strength. Domestic bullet-resistant ceramics have so far studied Al2O3、Al2O3-ZrO2、Al2O3-SiC、Al2O3-Si3N4And Sialon and other various high-practicability elastic-resistant ceramics, and the elastic resistance of the elastic-resistant ceramics reaches a higher level. High performance AZ (Al) development2O3Base) bullet-resistant ceramics are widely applied to various armored vehicles and mainly used as composite armored sandwich materials, and SiC and B are used for high-end bullet resistance4The C ceramics are developing engineering matching development at home.
However, the critical weaknesses of ceramic materials, which are mainly characterized by low fracture toughness, are brittleness, low reliability and low repeatability, which seriously affect the widespread use of ceramic materials. In order to screen bullet-resistant ceramics with excellent performance, target test work is required, the protection performance of the bullet-resistant ceramics is usually tested by adopting GJB8660-2015 armor material protection coefficient determination method at home, the standard specifies that the brittle armor material test target plate adopts a panel and an axial restraint device, the panel is high-hardness armor steel of 375 plus 514HB, and the thickness of the high-hardness armor steel accounts for about 10% of penetration power of the bullet for test; the brittle material circumferential restraining device is required to ensure that the brittle material circumferential restraining device does not crack or deform obviously in the test process; the thickness of the supporting plate is ensured not to generate obvious back bulge, cracks and the like. Compared with the general theory, the material, the connection mode, the matching tolerance and the like of the constraint device are not specified in detail, and the test results of ceramics with the same specification under different constraint conditions are greatly different due to various uncertain factors in actual operation.
Based on the above disadvantages in the prior art, there is a need to develop a constraint device for ceramic material protection factor and a test method thereof.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that the strength of a constraint structure is insufficient during ceramic testing in the prior art, the test result is adversely affected, and the deviation of different test results is large due to the fact that three-dimensional constraint structures are not uniform. The invention provides a restraint device and a test method for testing the protective performance of ceramics, which can reduce the difference of test results of ceramics of the same specification under different restraint conditions and improve the accuracy of the test result of the protective performance of the ceramics.
In order to solve the above technical problem, an embodiment of the present invention discloses a restraining device for testing the protective performance of a ceramic, including:
a metal back plate;
the lateral restraint plate is arranged on the metal rear effect plate, a through hole is formed in the center of the lateral restraint plate, and the ceramic is arranged in the through hole;
the metal panel is arranged on one side, away from the metal rear effect plate, of the lateral restraint plate;
the metal rear effect plate, the lateral constraint plate and the metal panel are sequentially stacked and connected through bolts.
According to another specific embodiment of the invention, the embodiment of the invention discloses a constraint device for testing the protective performance of ceramics, and the through hole is in a square, circular or hexagonal structure.
According to another specific embodiment of the invention, the embodiment of the invention discloses a restraint device for testing the protective performance of ceramic, wherein the metal back plate is made of 603 armored steel;
the thickness of the metal rear effect plate is 30-80 mm.
According to another specific embodiment of the invention, the embodiment of the invention discloses a restraining device for testing the protective performance of ceramic, wherein the lateral restraining plate is made of No. 45 steel;
the thickness of the lateral restraint plate is 20-60 mm.
According to another specific embodiment of the invention, the embodiment of the invention discloses a restraint device for testing the protective performance of ceramic, wherein the metal panel is made of 603 armored steel;
the thickness of the metal panel is 3-12 mm.
According to another specific embodiment of the invention, the embodiment of the invention discloses a constraint device for testing the protective performance of ceramics, wherein the metal rear effect plate, the lateral constraint plate and the metal panel are all of square structures, and the side length of each square is not less than 160 mm.
According to another specific embodiment of the invention, the embodiment of the invention discloses a restraining device for testing the protective performance of ceramic, through holes are formed in four corners of a metal rear effect plate, a lateral restraining plate and a metal panel, the diameter of each through hole is larger than 21mm, and the distance between the center of each through hole and the edge of the square is not smaller than 20 mm.
The embodiment of the invention also discloses a method for testing the ceramic protection performance under the constraint condition, which uses the constraint device for testing the ceramic protection performance and comprises the following specific steps:
placing the ceramic plates matched with the through holes in the through holes, stacking the metal panel, the lateral restraining plate provided with the ceramic plates and the metal rear effect plate in sequence, passing a bolt through the through holes which are communicated with each other on the metal rear effect plate, the lateral restraining plate provided with the ceramic plates and the metal panel in sequence, and connecting a nut to the bolt at one end of the metal panel to form a ceramic restraining structure;
secondly, placing the ceramic constraint structure in a target box, wherein one end of the metal panel faces to the direction of bullet shooting, the center of the metal panel is arranged at a bullet landing point, and one end of the metal rear effect plate is supported by a target frame;
and step three, carrying out a shooting test, taking out the ceramic constraint structure from the target box after the test is finished, screwing out the nut, taking down the metal rear effect plate, measuring the depth of a crater on the metal rear effect plate by using a vernier caliper, and calculating the protection coefficient of the thickness ceramic based on a formula in a standard.
According to another specific embodiment of the invention, the embodiment of the invention discloses a method for testing the protective performance of the ceramic under the constraint condition, and the number of the bolts is four.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
by improving the constraint device for testing, the constraint strength of the constraint device on the ceramic wafer to be tested is improved, and the accuracy of a test result is improved; and the restraint device has simple structure and convenient operation, and improves the test efficiency and the simplicity.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows a front view of a restraint device in accordance with an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 shows a top view of a metal back plate of a restraint device in accordance with an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 shows a top view of a lateral restraint panel of a restraint device in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a restraint device without a metal panel superimposed according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals:
the structure comprises a metal rear effect plate 1, a lateral restraint plate 2, a metal panel 3, a through hole 4, a first bolt 5, a second bolt 6, a third bolt 7, a fourth bolt 8, a ceramic 9 and a ceramic 10.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided for illustrative purposes, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the present disclosure. While the invention will be described in conjunction with the preferred embodiments, it is not intended that features of the invention be limited to these embodiments. On the contrary, the invention is described in connection with the embodiments for the purpose of covering alternatives or modifications that may be extended based on the claims of the present invention. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. The invention may be practiced without these particulars. Moreover, some of the specific details have been left out of the description in order to avoid obscuring or obscuring the focus of the present invention. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
It should be noted that in this specification, like reference numerals and letters refer to like items in the following drawings, and thus, once an item is defined in one drawing, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent drawings.
In the description of the present embodiment, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings or orientations or positional relationships that the products of the present invention are conventionally placed when used, and are only used for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements that are referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
The terms "first," "second," "third," "fourth," and the like are used merely to distinguish one description from another, and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present embodiment, it should be further noted that, unless explicitly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "disposed," "connected," and "connected" are to be interpreted broadly, e.g., as a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present embodiment can be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1-4, the restraint device for testing the protective performance of the ceramic comprises a metal back plate 1, a lateral restraint plate 2 and a metal panel 3 which are sequentially stacked, wherein a through hole 4 is formed in the center of the lateral restraint plate 2, and the ceramic to be tested is placed in the through hole 4; the metal rear effect plate 1, the lateral constraint plate 2 and the metal panel 3 are correspondingly provided with through holes which are penetrated through, so that the bolt can sequentially penetrate through the metal rear effect plate 1, the lateral constraint plate 2 and the metal panel 3 and tightly connect the metal rear effect plate 1, the lateral constraint plate 2 and the metal panel 3.
Optionally, the through hole 4 is of a square, circular or hexagonal structure and is used for placing a ceramic wafer with a corresponding shape, and the through hole 4 is matched with the tolerance of the ceramic wafer to be tested so as to realize better fastening of the ceramic wafer.
Optionally, the metal back plate 1 is made of 603 armor steel, the surface of the metal back plate has good flatness and is polished smooth, the metal back plate is 30mm thick and has a square structure, and the side length of the metal back plate is 160 mm; and 4 through holes with the diameter of 23mm are reserved at four corners for placing bolts, and the distance from the center of each through hole to the edge of the metal rear effect plate 1 is 20 mm.
Optionally, the lateral restraint plate 2 is made of 45 # steel, the surface of the lateral restraint plate has good flatness and is polished smooth, and the thickness of the lateral restraint plate is 30mm and is consistent with that of the ceramic to be tested; the lateral restraint plate 2 is of a square structure, and the side length is 160 mm; 4 through holes with the diameter of 23mm are reserved at four corners for placing bolts, and the distance between the center of each through hole and the edge of the lateral restraint plate 2 is 20 mm; the through hole 4 at the center of the lateral restraint plate 2 is circular, the inner diameter is 80mm, and the tolerance is +0.05 to +0.10 mm.
The ceramic to be tested is a round ceramic plate with the diameter of 80mm and the thickness of 30mm, and is made of B4C, ceramic with the diameter tolerance of-0.05-0 mm is placed in the middle of the through hole 4, as shown in figure 4.
Optionally, the metal panel 3 is made of 603 armored steel, the surface of the metal panel has good flatness and is polished smooth, and the thickness of the metal panel 3 is 7 mm; the metal panel is of a square structure, the side length is 160mm, 4 through holes with the diameter of 23mm are reserved in four corners for placing bolts, and the distance between the center of each through hole and the edge of the metal panel 3 is 20 mm.
Optionally, the bolt is made of high-strength steel, the strength grade is 10.9s, and the specification is more than M20.
Specifically, the protective performance of the ceramic is tested under the constraint condition by adopting the constraint device, and the operation is as follows:
stacking the lateral restraint plate 2 on the metal rear effect plate 1 to enable through holes at four corners of the metal rear effect plate and the metal rear effect plate to be respectively superposed and communicated, placing a ceramic plate matched with the through hole 4 in the through hole 4, stacking the metal panel 3 on the lateral restraint plate 2, and enabling the through holes at four corners of the metal panel 3 to be superposed and communicated with the through holes at four corners of the lower lateral restraint plate 2 and the through holes at four corners of the metal rear effect plate 1; respectively penetrating a first bolt 5, a second bolt 6, a third bolt 7 and a fourth bolt 8 from a through hole at one end of a metal rear effect plate 1 to a through hole of a metal panel 3 and extending out of the metal panel 3, and then respectively screwing nuts on the first bolt 5, the second bolt 6, the third bolt 7 and the fourth bolt 8 at one end of the metal panel 3 to form a ceramic constraint structure 10;
placing a ceramic constraint structure 10 in a test target box, wherein one end of a metal panel 3 faces the direction of bullet shooting, the center of the metal panel 3 is placed at a bullet-landing point, and one end of a metal rear effect plate 1 is supported and fixed by a target frame;
and then, carrying out a shooting test, taking out the ceramic constraint structure 10 from the target box after the test is finished, screwing out the nut, taking down the metal back effect plate 1, measuring the depth of a crater on the metal back effect plate 1 by using a vernier caliper, and calculating the protection coefficient of the thickness ceramic based on a formula in a standard.
The process of calculating the ceramic protection coefficient based on the formula is as follows:
referring to GJB5119-2002 'determination method of bullet-resistant coefficient of armor materials', clause 5.7.1: in "equal weight penetration depth", item 5.7.1.1: the calculation formula given by the calculation of the equal weight penetration depth of the armor material is used for calculating the equal weight penetration depth of the armor material:
p. p/7850 formula (1)
Wherein, Z-is penetrated with equal weight and depth (mm),
the thickness (mm) of the P-ceramic material,
rho-density of the ceramic material (kg/m3),
7850-Density of Standard armor Steel (kg/m 3);
referring to GJB5119-2002 'determination method of bullet-resistant coefficient of armor materials', the model 5.7.2: in "calculation of guard factor", item 5.7.2.1: the calculation formula given by the calculation of the protection coefficient of the armor material is used for calculating the protection coefficient of the armor material:
n ═ Pb-Ps-Pr)/Z formula (2)
Wherein, the N-protection coefficient is,
pb-penetration depth (mm) of the test projectile into standard homogeneous armor steel,
ps-penetration depth (mm) of ceramic panels in ballistic direction,
pr-penetration depth (mm) of the support back plate (standard homogeneous armor steel) in the ballistic direction,
z-penetration depth (mm) with equal weight.
The restraining device can meet the requirement that the brittle material circumferential restraining device in the standard is guaranteed not to crack or deform obviously in the test process, and all parts (including the metal panel 3, the ceramic 9, the lateral restraining plate 2 and the metal rear effect plate 1) of the three-dimensional restraining ceramic device are effectively combined together in the test process, so that the adverse effect on the test result caused by insufficient restraining strength is avoided, and the test result has good repeatability; the test conditions can be standardized by using a unified constraint device, so that the test results of different target ranges are reasonable, effective and universal.
Tests prove that the device can ensure that the ceramic back is tightly constrained in the three-dimensional constraining device when the protective performance of the ceramic is tested, the ceramic back is not disintegrated after the test, and the repeatability of the test result is good; the structure can be used for measuring the protection coefficient of the elastic-resistant ceramic, the strength of the constraint structure is enough, and the test effect is good.
While the invention has been shown and described with reference to certain preferred embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is a more detailed description of the invention, taken in conjunction with the specific embodiments thereof, and that no limitation of the invention is intended thereby. Various changes in form and detail, including simple deductions or substitutions, may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. A restraint device for testing the protective properties of a ceramic, comprising:
a metal back plate;
the lateral restraint plate is arranged on the metal rear effect plate, a through hole is formed in the center of the lateral restraint plate, and the ceramic is arranged in the through hole;
the metal panel is arranged on one side, away from the metal rear effect plate, of the lateral restraint plate;
the metal rear effect plate, the lateral constraint plate and the metal panel are sequentially stacked and connected through bolts.
2. The restraint device for testing the protective performance of ceramics of claim 1, wherein the through-hole has a square, circular or hexagonal structure.
3. The restraint device for testing the protective performance of ceramics of claim 1, wherein the material of the metal back plate is 603 armored steel;
the thickness of the metal rear effect plate is 30-80 mm.
4. The restraint device for testing the protective performance of ceramics of claim 3, wherein the material of the lateral restraint plate is 45-grade steel;
the thickness of the lateral restraint plate is 20-60 mm.
5. The restraint device for testing the protective performance of ceramics of claim 4, wherein the metal panel is made of 603 armored steel;
the thickness of the metal panel is 3-12 mm.
6. The restraint device for testing the protective performance of ceramics of claim 5, wherein the metal back plate, the lateral restraint plate and the metal panel are all in a square structure, and the side length of the square is not less than 160 mm.
7. The restraint device for testing the protective performance of ceramics according to claim 6, wherein the metal back plate, the lateral restraint plate and the metal panel are provided with through holes at four corners, the diameter of the through hole is more than 21mm, and the distance from the center of the through hole to the edge of the square is not less than 20 mm.
8. A method for testing the protective performance of ceramics under constraint conditions, which is characterized by using the constraint device for testing the protective performance of ceramics according to claim 7, and comprises the following steps:
placing the ceramic plates matched with the through holes in the through holes, stacking the metal panel, the lateral restraining plate provided with the ceramic plates and the metal rear effect plate in sequence, passing a bolt through the through holes which are communicated with each other on the metal rear effect plate, the lateral restraining plate provided with the ceramic plates and the metal panel in sequence, and connecting a nut to the bolt at one end of the metal panel to form a ceramic restraining structure;
secondly, placing the ceramic constraint structure in a target box, wherein one end of the metal panel faces to the direction of bullet shooting, the center of the metal panel is arranged at a bullet landing point, and one end of the metal rear effect plate is supported by a target frame;
and step three, carrying out a shooting test, taking out the ceramic constraint structure from the target box after the test is finished, screwing out the nut, taking down the metal rear effect plate, measuring the depth of a crater on the metal rear effect plate by using a vernier caliper, and calculating the protection coefficient of the thickness ceramic based on a formula in a standard.
9. The method for testing the protective performance of the ceramic under the constraint condition of claim 8, wherein the number of the bolts is four.
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Cited By (1)
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CN114923369A (en) * | 2022-05-20 | 2022-08-19 | 南京理工大学 | Multilayer ceramic metal composite armor under strong restraint |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN114923369A (en) * | 2022-05-20 | 2022-08-19 | 南京理工大学 | Multilayer ceramic metal composite armor under strong restraint |
CN114923369B (en) * | 2022-05-20 | 2024-02-02 | 南京理工大学 | Multilayer ceramic metal composite armor under strong constraint |
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