CN114233271A - Method for predicting inter-well communication in fracturing construction process and method for preventing fracturing channeling - Google Patents
Method for predicting inter-well communication in fracturing construction process and method for preventing fracturing channeling Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for predicting the communication among wells in the fracturing construction process and a method for preventing fracturing channeling, wherein the method for predicting the communication among wells in the fracturing construction process comprises the following steps: determining main control factors influencing the inter-well communication, and establishing a mathematical model for predicting the inter-well communication by taking the main control factors as independent variables; dividing the inter-well communication risk into three grades of high risk, medium risk and low risk according to the probability of inter-well communication; and acquiring the numerical value of the main control factor in real time in the fracturing construction process, acquiring the probability of inter-well communication in the current fracturing construction stage through the mathematical model, and determining the corresponding risk level. The method for preventing the pressure channeling obtains an interwell communication risk section by a method for predicting interwell communication in a fracturing construction process, and performs temporary plugging design by adopting optimal temporary plugging design pressure according to risk grades corresponding to the interwell communication risk section. The method has the advantages of strong applicability, easy judgment of results and the like, and the target function of the inter-well communication probability is established based on the actual data of the mine field.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of oil and gas exploitation fracturing construction, in particular to a method for predicting inter-well communication in a fracturing construction process and a method for preventing fracturing.
Background
The oil gas resources in China are rich, the proportion of the ascertained reserves in unconventional resources is larger and larger, and the efficient development of the oil gas resources, particularly shale gas, has important significance for improving the energy structure in China in the future. Along with the continuous increase of the well pattern density and the extension of the production time of adjacent wells, the phenomena of adjacent production wells being pressed and fleeed and well-to-well communication frequently occur during the fracturing period of the platform well, once an old well is pressed and fleeed, the yield is immediately suddenly reduced, the pressure of a well mouth is raised, and the continuous, stable and safe production is challenged.
The patent number "CN 107725034B" entitled "a pressure monitoring method for judging water incoming direction of multi-stage fractured horizontal well" discloses that the method comprises the following steps: monitoring bottom hole pressure change data of the multi-stage fractured horizontal well; considering the change of the working system of the surrounding water injection well, designing an interference well test between the water injection well and the multi-stage fracturing horizontal well; establishing a bottom hole pressure analysis chart of the multi-stage fractured horizontal well under the interference of the water injection well; and performing fitting analysis on the measured bottom hole pressure data to obtain parameters of fractures and reservoirs under the condition that different water injection wells change the water injection amount, and determining the communication condition among wells and judging the water inflow direction by analyzing and comparing the parameters obtained by fitting under different water injection well working systems. The method is simple and easy to understand and operate, the water inflow direction of the multi-stage fractured horizontal well can be accurately judged due to the fact that the change of the water injection amount of the water injection well is considered, meanwhile, the method is utilized to conduct the pressure monitoring explanation of the multi-stage fractured horizontal well, the pressure monitoring explanation is more in line with the actual situation, and the accuracy of the pressure monitoring explanation is improved. However, the method cannot predict the probability of inter-well communication in the fracturing construction process of the horizontal well, and corresponding temporary plugging measures are taken according to the risk level of inter-well communication in the current construction process to prevent pressure channeling.
At present, in the prior art, a method for predicting the inter-well communication in the fracturing construction process of an oil-gas horizontal well and a method for preventing the pressure channeling do not exist.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention aims to address at least one of the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art. For example, one of the purposes of the present invention is to provide a method for predicting the inter-well communication occurring in the fracturing construction process of an oil-gas horizontal well, which takes the probability of inter-well communication occurring as an objective function, has strong applicability and easily determined result, and is particularly suitable for on-site rapid interpretation application. For another example, another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preventing the pressure channeling in the fracturing construction of an oil and gas horizontal well, which has reliable parameters and organically combines the prediction of the well-to-well communication with the prevention.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for predicting inter-well communication in a fracturing construction process of an oil-gas horizontal well, comprising the steps of:
determining main control factors influencing the communication between wells;
establishing a mathematical model for predicting the inter-well communication by taking the main control factors influencing the inter-well communication as independent variables;
dividing the inter-well communication risk into three grades of high risk, medium risk and low risk according to the probability of inter-well communication;
and acquiring the numerical value of the main control factor in real time in the fracturing construction process, acquiring the probability of inter-well communication in the current fracturing construction stage through the mathematical model for predicting inter-well communication, and determining the risk level of inter-well communication in the current construction stage.
In an exemplary embodiment of an aspect of the present invention, the determining the primary factors affecting interwell communication may comprise:
and obtaining the sequence of main control factors influencing the inter-well communication by adopting a principal component analysis method according to the existing actual case data of the inter-well communication of the oil-gas horizontal well during the fracturing construction. In an exemplary embodiment of an aspect of the present invention, the master factors affecting the communication between wells may include construction displacement, pressure channeling distance, fracture conductivity, natural fracture density, cluster spacing, cluster number, single cluster hole number, and construction time.
In an exemplary embodiment of an aspect of the present invention, the mathematical model for predicting interwell communication may be as shown in equation 1,
formula 1 is:
P＝f(Q,Lw,Fcd,ρHF,Lperf,Nperf,Np,t)
wherein P is the probability of inter-well communication; q is construction displacement, m3/s；LwM is a press-channeling distance; fcdThe crack has dimensionless flow conductivity and no dimension; rhoHFThe natural crack probability density is dimensionless and takes a value of 0-1; l isperfIs the cluster spacing, m; n is a radical ofperfIs the number of clusters; n is a radical ofPThe number of single cluster holes; t is the construction time, s.
In one exemplary embodiment of an aspect of the present invention, the probability of inter-well communication, P, may be determined by equation 2,
the formula 2 is:
wherein, P is the probability of inter-well communication, and alpha is the inter-well communication coefficient and is dimensionless.
In one exemplary embodiment of an aspect of the present invention, the inter-well communication coefficient α may be determined by equation 3,
formula 3 is:
wherein alpha is an inter-well communication coefficient and is dimensionless; q is construction displacement, m3/s；LwM is a press-channeling distance; fcdThe crack has dimensionless flow conductivity and no dimension; rhoHFThe natural crack probability density is dimensionless and takes a value of 0-1; l isperfIs the cluster spacing, m; n is a radical ofperfIs the number of clusters; n is a radical ofPThe number of single cluster holes; t is construction time, s; and k is a regional empirical coefficient and is dimensionless.
In one exemplary embodiment of an aspect of the present invention, the inter-well communication risk rating may be determined by equation 4,
formula 4 is:
wherein L isxGrading the inter-well communication risk; p is the probability of inter-well communication; H. m, L correspond to high risk, medium risk, low risk levels, respectively.
The invention also provides a method for preventing the pressure channeling in the fracturing construction of the oil-gas horizontal well, which can predict the risk level of the inter-well communication in the current fracturing construction stage by the method for predicting the inter-well communication in the fracturing construction process of the oil-gas horizontal well to obtain the inter-well communication risk section, and further comprises the following steps:
and carrying out temporary plugging design by adopting optimal temporary plugging design pressure according to the risk grade corresponding to the inter-well communication risk section, so that inter-well pressure channeling of the inter-well communication risk section is avoided.
In an exemplary embodiment of another aspect of the present invention, the optimal temporary plugging design can be obtained by equation 5,
formula 5 is:
wherein, PbestSetting for optimal temporary blocking under different risk ratingsMeasuring pressure, Mpa; pmaxThe plugging capacity of the temporary plugging material after the mine field correction is Mpa; beta is aH、βM、βLThe safety factors are respectively under high risk, medium risk and low risk grades.
In an exemplary embodiment of another aspect of the present invention, the blocking ability of the temporary blocking material after the mine field correction can be obtained by equation 6,
formula 6 is;
Pmax＝aP0+b
wherein a and b are mine field correction coefficients, the unit of a is dimensionless, the unit of b is MPa, and P is0The maximum pressure-bearing capacity, Mpa, is tested for different temporary plugging material combinations and addition experiments.
In an exemplary embodiment of another aspect of the present invention, the maximum pressure-bearing capacity of the different temporary plugging material combinations, in addition to the experimental test, can be obtained by equation 7,
formula 7 is:
P0＝f(∑(mi,ti),μ,ω,q)
wherein, P0Testing the maximum pressure-bearing capacity, Mpa, for different temporary plugging material combinations and adding amounts; m isiThe mesh number of the ith temporary plugging agent is shown; t is tiThe adding amount of the i type temporary plugging agent is kg; mu is the viscosity of the liquid for experiment, pa · s; omega is the crack width m in the experimental test; q is the test flow, m3/s。
In an exemplary embodiment of another aspect of the present invention, the maximum pressure-bearing capacity of the different temporary plugging material combinations and the experimental tests under the addition is tested by an indoor plugging pressure-bearing experimental device, and a functional relation between the plugging capacity and the temporary plugging parameter is established.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that at least one of the following contents is included:
(1) the invention firstly proposes to establish an inter-well communication mathematical model by using actual data of a mine field, takes the probability of inter-well communication as a target function, has strong applicability and easily judged result, and is particularly suitable for field rapid interpretation application;
(2) the method has the advantages that the used experience parameters are mainly from the production line, the method has stronger guiding significance, and the temporary plugging material combination and the addition are corrected on site, so that the temporary plugging design parameters are more reasonable and reliable, and the construction risk caused by over-design is avoided to a greater extent;
(3) the inter-well communication prediction and anti-channeling design method for the oil-gas horizontal well is novel in concept and reliable in parameters, and organically combines inter-well communication prediction and prevention, so that a novel feasible technical means is provided for promoting efficient development of oil-gas reservoirs.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows a flow diagram of a method of predicting interwell communication and a method of preventing a fracturing breakthrough of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Hereinafter, a method of predicting communication between wells in a fracture construction process and a method of preventing a fracturing breakthrough of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and exemplary embodiments.
FIG. 1 shows a flow diagram of a method of predicting interwell communication and a method of preventing a fracturing breakthrough of the present invention.
In a first exemplary embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 1, a method of predicting inter-well connectivity during a hydrocarbon horizontal well fracture construction process comprises the steps of:
determining main control factors influencing the communication between wells. The main control factors influencing the inter-well communication are key factors influencing the inter-well communication of oil and gas exploitation of the horizontal well during the fracturing construction, such as stratum properties, construction displacement and the like.
And establishing a mathematical model for predicting the inter-well communication by taking the main control factors influencing the inter-well communication as independent variables.
And dividing the inter-well communication risk into three grades of high risk, medium risk and low risk according to the probability of inter-well communication.
And acquiring the numerical value of the main control factor in real time in the fracturing construction process, acquiring the probability of inter-well communication in the current fracturing construction stage through the mathematical model for predicting inter-well communication, and determining the risk level of inter-well communication in the current construction stage.
In this exemplary embodiment, the determining master factors that affect inter-well communication may include:
and obtaining the sequence of main control factors influencing the inter-well communication by adopting a principal component analysis method according to the existing actual case data of the inter-well communication of the oil-gas horizontal well during the fracturing construction.
In the exemplary embodiment, the master control factors affecting the inter-well communication may include construction displacement, pressure channeling distance, fracture conductivity, natural fracture density, cluster spacing, cluster number, number of single cluster holes, and construction time.
In the present exemplary embodiment, the mathematical model for predicting inter-well communication may be as shown in equation 1,
formula 1 is:
P＝f(Q,Lw,Fcd,ρHF,Lperf,Nperf,Np,t)
wherein P is the probability of inter-well communication; q is construction displacement, m3/s；LwM is a press-channeling distance; fcdThe crack has dimensionless flow conductivity and no dimension; rhoHFThe natural crack probability density is dimensionless and takes a value of 0-1; l isperfIs the cluster spacing, m; n is a radical ofperfIs the number of clusters; n is a radical ofPThe number of single cluster holes; t is the construction time, s. Wherein the probability P of the inter-well communication is determined by equation 2,
the formula 2 is:
wherein, P is the probability of inter-well communication, and alpha is the inter-well communication coefficient and is dimensionless.
Here, the inter-well communication coefficient α is determined by equation 3,
formula 3 is:
wherein alpha is interwellThe communication coefficient is dimensionless; q is construction displacement, m3/s；LwM is a press-channeling distance; fcdThe crack has dimensionless flow conductivity and no dimension; rhoHFThe natural crack probability density is dimensionless and takes a value of 0-1; l isperfIs the cluster spacing, m; n is a radical ofperfIs the number of clusters; n is a radical ofPThe number of single cluster holes; t is construction time, s; and k is a regional empirical coefficient and is dimensionless.
In the present exemplary embodiment, the inter-well communication risk level may be determined by equation 4,
formula 4 is:
wherein L isxGrading the inter-well communication risk; p is the probability of inter-well communication; H. m, L correspond to high risk, medium risk, low risk levels, respectively.
In a second exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the method for preventing the breakthrough of the fracturing construction of the oil and gas horizontal well can predict the risk level of the inter-well communication in the current fracturing construction stage by the method for predicting the inter-well communication in the fracturing construction process of the oil and gas horizontal well described in the first exemplary embodiment, and further comprises the following steps:
and performing temporary plugging design by adopting the optimal temporary plugging design pressure according to the predicted risk grade, so that pressure channeling between wells is avoided.
In the present exemplary embodiment, the optimal temporary plugging design can be obtained by equation 5,
formula 5 is:
wherein, PbestDesigning pressure, Mpa, for optimal temporary plugging under different risk ratings; pmaxThe plugging capacity of the temporary plugging material after the mine field correction is Mpa; beta is aH、βM、βLSafety factors under high risk, medium risk and low risk grades respectively。
In an exemplary embodiment of another aspect of the present invention, the blocking ability of the temporary blocking material after the mine field correction can be obtained by equation 6,
formula 6 is;
Pmax＝aP0+b
wherein a and b are mine field correction coefficients, the unit of a is dimensionless, the unit of b is MPa, and P is0The maximum pressure-bearing capacity, Mpa, is tested for different temporary plugging material combinations and addition experiments.
In an exemplary embodiment of another aspect of the present invention, the maximum pressure-bearing capacity of the different temporary plugging material combinations, in addition to the experimental test, can be obtained by equation 7,
formula 7 is:
P0＝f(∑(mi,ti),μ,ω,q)
wherein, P0Testing the maximum pressure-bearing capacity, Mpa, for different temporary plugging material combinations and adding amounts; m isiThe mesh number of the ith temporary plugging agent is shown; t is tiThe adding amount of the i type temporary plugging agent is kg; mu is the viscosity of the liquid for experiment, pa · s; omega is the crack width m in the experimental test; q is the test flow, m3/s。
In the exemplary embodiment, the maximum pressure-bearing capacity of the experimental test under different temporary plugging material combinations and adding amounts is tested by an indoor plugging pressure-bearing experimental device, and a functional relation between the plugging capacity and the temporary plugging parameter is established.
In order that the above-described exemplary embodiments of the invention may be better understood, further description thereof with reference to specific examples is provided below.
Taking a horizontal well w108 of a certain shale gas field of Chongqing as an example, the distance between the horizontal section of the w108 well and an adjacent production well is 70-150 m, the adjacent production well is put into operation for 3 years, the fracture construction of the w108 well has the risk of adjacent pressure channeling, and the engineering parameters are shown in the following table according to the oil test design of the w108 well.
Table 1 oil test design parameters
And (3) calculating the well communication coefficient and probability during the w108 well fracturing construction according to the formulas 1, 2 and 3 by combining the w108 well fracturing design, wherein the calculation result is shown in the table 2. The empirical coefficient k of the region is 2.86 multiplied by 10 when the formula 3 is applied5。
TABLE 2 w108 well fracturing time inter-well connectivity probability data
The construction sections 1, 2 and 4 are high risk according to the formula 4 inter-well communication risk classification; the construction section 3 is medium risk; construction section 5 is low risk.
Two temporary plugging agents, namely a temporary plugging agent 1 with the specification of 80 meshes and a temporary plugging agent 2 with the specification of 100-200 meshes, are mainly used in a w108 well site, laboratory liquid is site construction slickwater, the viscosity of the slickwater is 0.0035 pa-s, a test flow is measured, and the site construction equivalent single cluster flow is 0.03m3And/s, obtaining different temporary plugging material combinations through the formula 7, and obtaining the maximum pressure-bearing capacity under the experimental test of the addition, wherein the results are shown in the table 3.
Table 3 experimental testing temporary plugging pressure data
The experimental test and the actual temporary plugging capability on site have a certain difference, the plugging capability of the temporary plugging material after the mine field correction can be obtained by the formula 6, the values of the mine field correction coefficients a and b of the w108 well area are 0.45 and 0.86MPa, and the on-site plugging capability of the temporary plugging material of the w108 well is obtained, as shown in the table 3.
According to the risk level evaluated by the formula 4 and the plugging capability of the temporary plugging material corrected by the mine field shown in the table 3, the optimal temporary plugging design pressure under different risk grades is calculated according to the formula 5, and the result of the embodiment taking the crack width of 0.003m as an example is shown in the table 4. Here w108 well betaH、βM、βLThe safety coefficient is respectively 1.25, 1.10 and 1.05.
Table 4 optimal temporary plugging design pressure data under different risk ratings
Therefore, inter-well communication risk grade prediction and temporary plugging design in the fracturing construction process are completed according to the method and the steps.
In summary, the beneficial effects of the invention include at least one of the following:
(1) the invention firstly proposes to establish an inter-well communication mathematical model by using actual data of a mine field, takes the probability of inter-well communication as a target function, has strong applicability and easily judged result, and is particularly suitable for field rapid interpretation application;
(2) the method has the advantages that the used experience parameters are mainly from the production line, the method has stronger guiding significance, and the temporary plugging material combination and the addition are corrected on site, so that the temporary plugging design parameters are more reasonable and reliable, and the construction risk caused by over-design is avoided to a greater extent;
(3) the inter-well communication prediction and anti-channeling design method for the oil-gas horizontal well is novel in concept and reliable in parameters, and organically combines inter-well communication prediction and prevention, so that a novel feasible technical means is provided for promoting efficient development of oil-gas reservoirs.
Although the present invention has been described above in connection with the exemplary embodiments and the accompanying drawings, it will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that various modifications may be made to the above-described embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the claims.
Claims (12)
1. A method for predicting inter-well communication in a fracturing construction process of an oil-gas horizontal well is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
determining main control factors influencing the communication between wells;
establishing a mathematical model for predicting the inter-well communication by taking the main control factors influencing the inter-well communication as independent variables;
dividing the inter-well communication risk into three grades of high risk, medium risk and low risk according to the probability of inter-well communication;
and acquiring the numerical value of the main control factor in real time in the fracturing construction process, acquiring the probability of inter-well communication in the current fracturing construction stage through the mathematical model for predicting inter-well communication, and determining the risk level of inter-well communication in the current construction stage.
2. The method for predicting the inter-well communication during the oil and gas horizontal well fracturing construction process of claim 1, wherein the determining the master control factors affecting the inter-well communication comprises:
and obtaining the sequence of main control factors influencing the inter-well communication by adopting a principal component analysis method according to the existing actual case data of the inter-well communication of the oil-gas horizontal well during the fracturing construction.
3. The method for predicting the inter-well communication in the fracturing construction process of an oil-gas horizontal well according to claim 2, wherein the main control factors influencing the inter-well communication comprise construction displacement, pressure channeling distance, fracture conductivity, natural fracture density, cluster spacing, cluster number, single cluster hole number and construction time.
4. The method for predicting the inter-well communication in the oil and gas horizontal well fracturing construction process according to claim 3, wherein the mathematical model for predicting the inter-well communication is as shown in formula 1,
formula 1 is:
P＝f(Q,Lw,Fcd,ρHF,Lperf,Nperf,Np,t)
wherein P is the probability of inter-well communication; q is construction displacement, m3/s；LwM is a press-channeling distance; fcdThe crack has dimensionless flow conductivity and no dimension; rhoHFThe natural crack probability density is dimensionless and takes a value of 0-1; l isperfIs the cluster spacing, m; n is a radical ofperfIs the number of clusters; n is a radical ofPThe number of single cluster holes; t is the construction time, s.
5. The method for predicting the occurrence of well-to-well communication during the fracturing construction of oil and gas horizontal wells according to claim 4, wherein the probability P of well-to-well communication is determined by equation 2,
the formula 2 is:
wherein, P is the probability of inter-well communication, and alpha is the inter-well communication coefficient and is dimensionless.
6. The method for predicting the inter-well communication during the fracturing construction process of oil and gas horizontal wells as claimed in claim 5, wherein the inter-well communication coefficient α is determined by equation 3,
formula 3 is:
wherein alpha is an inter-well communication coefficient and is dimensionless; q is construction displacement, m3/s；LwM is a press-channeling distance; fcdThe crack has dimensionless flow conductivity and no dimension; rhoHFThe natural crack probability density is dimensionless and takes a value of 0-1; l isperfIs the cluster spacing, m; n is a radical ofperfIs the number of clusters; n is a radical ofPThe number of single cluster holes; t is construction time, s; and k is a regional empirical coefficient and is dimensionless.
7. The method for predicting the occurrence of well-to-well communication during the fracturing construction of an oil and gas horizontal well according to claim 1, wherein the risk level of well-to-well communication is determined by equation 4,
formula 4 is:
wherein L isxGrading the inter-well communication risk; p is the probability of inter-well communication; H. m, L correspond to high risk, medium risk, low risk levels, respectively.
8. A method for preventing the pressure channeling in the fracturing construction of an oil-gas horizontal well is characterized in that the method for preventing the pressure channeling in the fracturing construction of the oil-gas horizontal well predicts the risk level of inter-well communication in the fracturing construction process by the method for predicting the inter-well communication in the fracturing construction process of the oil-gas horizontal well according to any one of claims 1 to 5 to obtain an inter-well communication risk section, and further comprises the following steps:
and carrying out temporary plugging design by adopting optimal temporary plugging design pressure according to the risk grade corresponding to the inter-well communication risk section, so that inter-well pressure channeling of the inter-well communication risk section is avoided.
9. The method for preventing the channeling in the fracturing construction of oil and gas horizontal wells as claimed in claim 1, wherein the optimal temporary plugging design is obtained by equation 5,
formula 5 is:
wherein, PbestDesigning pressure, Mpa, for optimal temporary plugging under different risk ratings; pmaxThe plugging capacity of the temporary plugging material after the mine field correction is Mpa; beta is aH、βM、βLThe safety factors are respectively under high risk, medium risk and low risk grades.
10. The method for preventing the channeling in the fracturing construction of oil and gas horizontal wells as claimed in claim 9, wherein the plugging capability of the temporary plugging material after the correction of the mine site is obtained by equation 6,
formula 6 is;
Pmax＝aP0+b
wherein a and b are mine field correction coefficients, and the unit of a is dimensionlessB has the unit of MPa, P0The maximum pressure-bearing capacity, Mpa, is tested for different temporary plugging material combinations and addition experiments.
11. The method for preventing the fracturing construction channeling of the oil-gas horizontal well as defined in claim 10, wherein the maximum pressure bearing capacity of the experimental tests under the combination and addition of different temporary plugging materials is obtained by the formula 7,
formula 7 is:
P0＝f(∑(mi,ti),μ,ω,q)
wherein, P0Testing the maximum pressure-bearing capacity, Mpa, for different temporary plugging material combinations and adding amounts; m isiThe mesh number of the ith temporary plugging agent is shown; t is tiThe adding amount of the i type temporary plugging agent is kg; mu is the viscosity of the liquid for experiment, pa · s; omega is the crack width m in the experimental test; q is the test flow, m3/s。
12. The method for preventing oil-gas horizontal well fracturing construction from channeling according to claim 10, wherein the maximum pressure-bearing capacity of the experimental test under different temporary plugging material combinations and addition is tested by an indoor plugging pressure-bearing experimental device, and a functional relation between the plugging capacity and the temporary plugging parameters is established.
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