CN114232156B - Preparation method of split-fiber aggregation-type polyester yarn - Google Patents
Preparation method of split-fiber aggregation-type polyester yarn Download PDFInfo
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- CN114232156B CN114232156B CN202111582044.6A CN202111582044A CN114232156B CN 114232156 B CN114232156 B CN 114232156B CN 202111582044 A CN202111582044 A CN 202111582044A CN 114232156 B CN114232156 B CN 114232156B
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
- D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
- D02G1/00—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics
- D02G1/02—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics by twisting, fixing the twist and backtwisting, i.e. by imparting false twist
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
- D02J—FINISHING OR DRESSING OF FILAMENTS, YARNS, THREADS, CORDS, ROPES OR THE LIKE
- D02J1/00—Modifying the structure or properties resulting from a particular structure; Modifying, retaining, or restoring the physical form or cross-sectional shape, e.g. by use of dies or squeeze rollers
- D02J1/18—Separating or spreading
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
- D02J—FINISHING OR DRESSING OF FILAMENTS, YARNS, THREADS, CORDS, ROPES OR THE LIKE
- D02J13/00—Heating or cooling the yarn, thread, cord, rope, or the like, not specific to any one of the processes provided for in this subclass
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Abstract
The invention relates to a preparation method of split-fiber aggregation-shaped polyester yarns, wherein pre-oriented polyester fibers are prepared into the split-fiber aggregation-shaped polyester yarns through an elasticizing process, and the elasticizing process flow is as follows: pre-oriented polyester fiber → pre-net → first thread feeding roller → first deforming hot box → cooling plate → false twister → second thread feeding roller → middle net → second shaping hot box → shaping thread feeding roller → oiling roller → DTY winding shaping overfeed → split-gathering shape polyester yarn; the ratio of the speed of the second wire feeding roller to the speed of the first wire feeding roller is 2.0-3.2; the breaking strength of the prepared open-fiber aggregation polyester yarn is less than or equal to 3.2cN/dtex, the elongation at break is less than or equal to 20 percent, the crimp shrinkage is less than or equal to 13 percent, and the boiling water shrinkage is less than or equal to 4.5 percent. The invention prepares the fiber-opening aggregation type polyester yarn in the fiber production process, and avoids the secondary processing to carry out fiber opening; the produced novel split-fiber aggregation polyester yarn has the physical property indexes of strength, crimp contraction and boiling water contraction, and can meet the requirements of the air permeability and the draping coefficient of split-fiber fabrics in post-spinning weaving.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of chemical fibers, and relates to a preparation method of split-fiber aggregated polyester yarns.
Background
With the progress of the times and the continuous improvement of the living standard of people, people pursue higher functionality, differentiation, diversification, safety and the like of textile products.
The conventional polyester fiber is hard due to high strength and low moisture absorption, and the fabric looks low in visual and tactile angles. Therefore, the differentiated polyester yarns continuously emerge in the market, such as special-shaped yarns, positive ions, wool-like yarns, leather-like yarns and the like, and are consistently accepted by consumers because the price has obvious advantages compared with that of natural fibers. The split fiber polyester yarn belongs to one type of differential fiber, and the split fiber refers to fiber obtained by vertically breaking a monofilament and breaking the monofilament in the direction of acting force under the action of external force; the fiber-opening fabric has lower breaking strength, elongation at break, crimp shrinkage and boiling water shrinkage, can meet the requirements of post-spinning weaving on the air permeability and the draping coefficient of the fiber-opening fabric, and has the advantages of softness, comfort, air permeability, strong water absorption and decontamination capability and the like, so that the finished fabric is widely accepted by the market. The split polyester yarn has good industrial development prospect.
The existing fiber opening method comprises the steps of fiber-washing, fiber opening, clear water washing, acid washing or alkali washing, clear water washing and drying, the process is complex, and the later fiber opening effect is greatly influenced by the pH value, the soaking time, the temperature and the like; and the use of strong acid, strong base or organic solvent and other chemical reagents violates the concept of green ecological development. The development of new environment-friendly fiber opening technology and method is imminent.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art and provides a preparation method of split-fiber aggregated polyester yarns. The preparation method of the split-fiber aggregation-type polyester yarn can prepare the polyester yarn with a special split-fiber style in the fiber production process, and avoids secondary processing for fiber splitting.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a preparation method of split-fiber aggregation-shaped polyester yarns is characterized in that pre-oriented polyester fibers (POY) are prepared into the split-fiber aggregation-shaped polyester yarns through an elasticizing process;
the process flow of the texturing comprises the following steps: pre-oriented polyester fiber → pre-net → first thread feeding roller → first deforming hot box → cooling plate → false twister → second thread feeding roller → middle net → second shaping hot box → shaping thread feeding roller → oiling roller → DTY winding shaping overfeed → split-gathering shape polyester yarn; compared with the texturing process flow in the prior art, the texturing process flow has the advantages that one extra pre-network pressure is added besides the middle network, so that the cohesion and bundling property of the main tows which are not split and broken at the later stage are ensured to be increased, and meanwhile, the tows are not blown to deform to influence physical indexes;
the ratio (namely the draft multiple) of the speed of the second yarn feeding roller to the speed of the first yarn feeding roller is 2.0-3.2, the speed of the second yarn feeding roller is 400-1000 m/min (the speed of the second yarn feeding roller is the processing speed of the texturing machine, the speed of the second yarn feeding roller is determined according to the limiting speed of the texturing machine of different specifications and is generally selected to be 0.83 time of the limiting speed of the specification as the speed of the second yarn feeding roller), the polyester yarn texturing production process in the prior art has the speed of the second yarn feeding roller being 600-1200 m/min, the draft multiple being 1.55-1.75, more than 1.75 monofilaments are easy to break, the breaking strength is seriously damaged, hairiness is more and more easy to break, the mass production is not beneficial, and the post-spinning production of conventional varieties cannot be met. The draft multiple of the invention is 2.0-3.2, have promoting apparently compared with prior art, thus can make a part of monofilament in the strand silk damage and break, reach the fiber-opening effect, because the second feed roller speed is lower, the limit speed is low, can guarantee not to break the end, meet the production requirement. The speed difference between the second wire feeding roller and the first wire feeding roller plays a role in stretching the tow, and if the stretching multiple is too low, the fiber opening is incomplete, the breaking strength is high, and the effect is not obvious; if the stretching ratio is too high, the twisting tension is large, the fiber is too split, the filament bundle is seriously damaged, and the post-spinning weaving is not facilitated. The preparation method of the open-fiber aggregation-shaped polyester yarn creatively provides a method for realizing a better open-fiber effect in the fiber production process, the adopted draft multiple (2.0-3.2) enables the tows to obtain better tensile deformation, the open-fiber aggregation effect is achieved, and the breaking elongation and breaking strength of the tows reach the weaving range of the polyester yarn;
the split-fiber aggregation-type polyester yarn is a polyester fiber which is formed by uniformly aggregating monofilaments around an unbroken main yarn bundle after the monofilaments are cracked; the breaking strength of the open-fiber aggregation polyester yarn is less than or equal to 3.2cN/dtex, the elongation at break is less than or equal to 20%, the crimp shrinkage rate is less than or equal to 13%, the boiling water shrinkage rate is less than or equal to 4.5%, and the breaking strength, the elongation at break, the crimp shrinkage rate and the boiling water shrinkage rate are lower, so that the requirements of the air permeability and the drape coefficient of the open-fiber fabric in post-spinning weaving can be met.
As a preferred technical scheme:
according to the preparation method of the open-fiber aggregation polyester yarn, the pre-network pressure is 0.04-0.06 MPa, the temperature of the first deformation hot box is 185-220 ℃, the middle network pressure is 0.15-0.32 MPa, and the temperature of the second shaping hot box is 160-200 ℃.
The pre-network pressure is controlled within the range of 0.04-0.06 MPa, so that the cohesion and bundling property of the main tows are improved, and meanwhile, the tows are not blown to deform to influence physical indexes; the polyester yarn is heated to the glass transition temperature in the first deformation hot box, preparation is made for full stretching and deformation, the higher the temperature of the first deformation hot box is, the stronger the activity of the polyester yarn molecular chain is, the more easy the stretching deformation is, but the polyester yarn is easy to plasticize due to the overhigh temperature, the temperature of the first deformation hot box is set to be within the range of 185-220 ℃, compared with the conventional process varieties with the same specification, the temperature is 10-30 ℃, in the range, the polyester molecular chain is more active, the full stretching deformation is facilitated, and the fiber opening effect is more easily achieved; the middle network pressure adopted by the invention is in the range of 0.15-0.32 MPa, and is relatively higher compared with the prior art (0.08-0.12 MPa), the higher the middle network pressure is, the more periodic network points are formed by mutually intertwining monofilaments, the middle network air pressure can uniformly blow off the broken monofilaments and simultaneously beat the unbroken monofilaments with the periodic network points to increase the cohesion of the tows, thereby achieving the effect of fiber opening and gathering; the second shaping hot box is used for pre-shaping the tows after stretching deformation in the processing process and fixing the appearance shape of the tows, the temperature of the second shaping hot box is particularly important to be set, the temperature of the second shaping hot box needs to be set at 160-200 ℃, so that the polyester yarns are effectively shaped after fiber opening, and the hairiness of the opened monofilaments is more concentrated and shaped after being heated and shaped.
The method for preparing the open-fiber aggregation polyester yarn has the advantages that the length of the cooling plate is 1-1.5 m, the speed ratio of the false twister is 1.45-2.2, the overfeed of the shaping yarn feeding roller is-5.0 percent, and the overfeed of the winding forming is-5.0 percent.
The invention adopts the assembly of the metal disc and the ceramic disc for twisting, compared with the assembly of a common PU disc and the ceramic disc, the metal disc has larger resistance and larger twisting and untwisting tension, thereby being beneficial to the opening and gathering of the polyester yarns.
According to the preparation method of the opened and gathered polyester yarn, the surface roughness Ra of the oiling roller is 50 +/-5 microns, the coating in direct contact with the polyester yarn in the prior art is subjected to plasma spraying surface processing, the surface roughness Ra is less than or equal to 1.6 microns, the purpose is to ensure that the surface layer of the oiling roller is smoother, the resistance is small when the polyester yarn is in contact with the oiling roller, and no broken yarn is generated.
In the preparation method of the open-fiber and aggregated polyester yarn, the elasticizing process adopts a BARMAG elasticizing machine.
In the method for preparing the open-fiber and aggregated polyester yarn, the fineness of the pre-oriented polyester fiber is 33-330 dtex, and the number of the monofilaments is not limited.
The method for preparing the open-fiber aggregation type polyester yarn has the filament number (dpf) of 0.20 to 5.6dtex.
The preparation method of the open-fiber aggregation polyester yarn has the advantages that the breaking strength of the open-fiber aggregation polyester yarn is 2.5-3.2 cN/dtex, the elongation at break is 16-20%, the crimp shrinkage is 5-13%, and the boiling water shrinkage is 3.0-4.5%.
Has the advantages that:
according to the invention, by optimizing the drafting multiple, the temperature of the first deformation hot box, the network air pressure, the temperature of the shaping hot box and the like in the polyester yarn texturing process, the splitting process is completed in the polyester yarn production process to obtain split aggregated polyester yarns, splitting reprocessing of finished polyester yarns is effectively avoided, and secondary processing cost is reduced; compared with the traditional fiber opening method, the preparation method of the novel fiber opening polyester aggregated polyester yarn does not use chemical reagents such as strong acid and strong alkali, and the like, and accords with the national green development concept; the invention finishes the effects of fiber opening and gathering by a new process on the texturing machine for producing the polyester fiber in the prior art, and the uniformity of the produced fiber opening fiber is better due to integrated production; compared with the traditional process, the method is suitable for fiber splitting of various specifications and single filament numbers, the produced novel split aggregation type polyester yarn has the physical property indexes of breaking strength, elongation at break, crimp contraction and boiling water contraction, and can meet the use requirements of post-spinning weaving on split fabrics.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow chart of the method for preparing an open-fiber aggregated polyester yarn of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the disk assembly of the false twister of FIG. 1;
wherein, 1 is a pre-oriented polyester fiber, 2 is a pre-net, 3 is a first yarn feeding roller, 4 is a first deformation hot box, 5 is a cooling plate, 6 is a false twister, 7 is a second yarn feeding roller, 8 is a middle net, 9 is a second shaping hot box, 10 is a shaping yarn feeding roller, 11 is an oiling roller, 12 is DTY winding shaping overfeed, 13 is a ceramic cutter disc, 14 is a ceramic disc, and 15 is a metal disc.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to specific embodiments. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Further, it should be understood that various changes or modifications of the present invention may be made by those skilled in the art after reading the teaching of the present invention, and such equivalents may fall within the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.
Example 1
A preparation method of open-fiber aggregation-shaped polyester yarns is characterized in that 70dtex/72f pre-oriented polyester fibers are prepared into the open-fiber aggregation-shaped polyester yarns through an elasticizing process;
the elasticizing process adopts a BARMAG elasticizing machine, as shown in figure 1, the elasticizing process flow is as follows: pre-oriented polyester fiber 1 → pre-net 2 → first thread feeding roller 3 → first deforming hot box 4 → cooling plate 5 → false twister 6 → second thread feeding roller 7 → middle net 8 → second shaping hot box 9 → shaping thread feeding roller 10 → oiling roller 11 → DTY winding shaping overfeed 12 → split-gathering type polyester yarn;
as shown in fig. 2, the false twister is a friction disc false twister, and has six discs with three axes, the disc at the bottom layer is a ceramic cutter disc 13, the disc at the top layer is a ceramic disc 14, and the discs at the middle 4 layers are metal discs 15; the surface roughness Ra of the oiling roller is 50 mu m; the parameters of the elasticizing process flow are as follows:
the pre-network pressure is 0.035MPa, the first deformation hot box temperature is 198 ℃, the length of the cooling plate is 1.2m, the speed ratio of the false twister is 1.71, the speed of the second yarn feeding roller is 650m/min, the ratio of the speed of the second yarn feeding roller to the speed of the first yarn feeding roller is 2.1, the middle network pressure is 0.1MPa, the temperature of the second shaping hot box is 175 ℃, the overfeed of the shaping yarn feeding roller is-4.25%, and the overfeed of the winding shaping roller is-4.75%.
The finally prepared open-fiber aggregation polyester yarn has the specification of 33dtex/72f, the breaking strength of 2.69cN/dtex, the elongation at break of 16.74 percent, the crimp shrinkage of 8.32 percent and the boiling water shrinkage of 3.61 percent.
Comparative example 1
A preparation method of 33dtex/72f polyester yarn is basically the same as that in example 1, and only differs in that the ratio (namely the drafting multiple) of the speed of the second yarn feeding roller to the speed of the first yarn feeding roller is 1.68, the breaking strength of the finally prepared polyester yarn is 4.01cN/dtex, the elongation at break is 21.54%, the crimp shrinkage rate is 29.37%, and the boiling water shrinkage rate is 4.76%. Comparing example 1 with comparative example 1, it can be seen that in comparative example 1, because the draft multiple is low, the opening of the polyester yarn cannot be realized, and therefore, the breaking strength, the elongation at break, the crimp shrinkage and the boiling water shrinkage of the textured polyester yarn are all significantly higher than those in example 1, and the requirements of post-spinning on the open-end fabric cannot be met.
Example 2
A preparation method of open-fiber aggregation-shaped polyester yarns is characterized in that 140dtex/144f pre-oriented polyester fibers are prepared through an elasticizing process to obtain the open-fiber aggregation-shaped polyester yarns;
the elasticizing process adopts a BARMAG elasticizing machine, and comprises the following processes: pre-oriented polyester fiber → pre-net → first thread feeding roller → first deforming hot box → cooling plate → false twister → second thread feeding roller → middle net → second shaping hot box → shaping thread feeding roller → oiling roller → DTY winding shaping overfeed → split-gathering shape polyester yarn;
the false twister is a friction disc false twister and comprises six discs with three axes, the disc at the bottom layer is a ceramic cutter disc, the disc at the top layer is a ceramic disc, and the 4 layers of discs in the middle are metal discs; the surface roughness Ra of the oiling roller is 50 mu m; the parameters of the elasticizing process flow are as follows:
the pre-net pressure is 0.05MPa, the temperature of the first deformation hot box is 205 ℃, the length of the cooling plate is 1.2m, the speed ratio of the false twister is 1.8, the speed of the second yarn feeding roller is 720m/min, the ratio of the speed of the second yarn feeding roller to the speed of the first yarn feeding roller is 2.85, the middle net pressure is 0.12MPa, the temperature of the second shaping hot box is 180 ℃, the overfeed of the shaping yarn feeding roller is-3.3 percent, and the overfeed of the winding shaping is-2.6 percent.
The finally prepared open-fiber aggregation polyester yarn has the specification of 55dtex/144f, the breaking strength of 3.11cN/dtex, the elongation at break of 17.33 percent, the crimp shrinkage of 8.59 percent and the boiling water shrinkage of 3.24 percent.
Example 3
A preparation method of split-fiber aggregation-shaped polyester yarns comprises the steps of preparing 222dtex/72f pre-oriented polyester fibers through an elasticizing process to obtain split-fiber aggregation-shaped polyester yarns;
the elasticizing process adopts a BARMAG elasticizing machine, and comprises the following processes: pre-oriented polyester fiber → pre-net → first thread feeding roller → first deforming hot box → cooling plate → false twister → second thread feeding roller → middle net → second shaping hot box → shaping thread feeding roller → oiling roller → DTY winding shaping overfeed → split-gathering shape polyester yarn;
the false twister is a friction disc false twister and comprises six discs with three axes, the disc at the bottom layer is a ceramic cutter disc, the disc at the top layer is a ceramic disc, and the 4 layers of discs in the middle are metal discs; the surface roughness Ra of the oiling roller is 50 mu m; the parameters of the elasticizing process flow are as follows:
the pre-net pressure is 0.05MPa, the temperature of the first deformation hot box is 210 ℃, the length of the cooling plate is 1.2m, the speed ratio of the false twister is 1.65, the speed of the second yarn feeding roller is 860m/min, the ratio of the speed of the second yarn feeding roller to the speed of the first yarn feeding roller is 3.1, the middle net pressure is 0.15MPa, the temperature of the second shaping hot box is 160 ℃, the overfeed of the shaping yarn feeding roller is-4.9 percent, and the overfeed of the winding shaping is-3.95 percent.
The finally prepared open-fiber aggregation polyester yarn has the specification of 83dtex/72f, the breaking strength of 2.18cN/dtex, the elongation at break of 18.43 percent, the crimp shrinkage of 7.51 percent and the boiling water shrinkage of 4.08 percent.
Example 4
A preparation method of open-fiber aggregation-shaped polyester yarns is characterized in that 396dtex/144f pre-oriented polyester fibers are prepared into the open-fiber aggregation-shaped polyester yarns through an elasticizing process;
the elasticizing process adopts a BARMAG elasticizing machine, and comprises the following processes: pre-oriented polyester fiber → pre-network → first thread feeding roller → first deforming hot box → cooling plate → false twister → second thread feeding roller → middle network → second shaping hot box → shaping thread feeding roller → oiling roller → DTY winding shaping overfeed → opening and gathering shaped polyester yarn;
the false twister is a friction disc false twister and comprises six discs with three axes, the disc at the bottom layer is a ceramic cutter disc, the disc at the top layer is a ceramic disc, and the 4 layers of discs in the middle are metal discs; the surface roughness Ra of the oiling roller is 50 mu m; the parameters of the elasticizing process flow are as follows:
the pre-net pressure is 0.055MPa, the temperature of the first texturing hot box is 215 ℃, the length of the cooling plate is 1.2m, the speed ratio of the false twister is 1.59, the speed of the second yarn feeding roller is 750m/min, the ratio of the speed of the second yarn feeding roller to the speed of the first yarn feeding roller is 2.5, the middle net pressure is 0.15MPa, the temperature of the second texturing hot box is 195 ℃, the overfeed of the texturing yarn feeding roller is-4.2 percent, and the overfeed of the winding forming is-3.73 percent.
The finally prepared open-fiber aggregation polyester yarn has the specification of 167dtex/144f, the breaking strength of 3.19cN/dtex, the elongation at break of 19.33 percent, the crimp shrinkage of 7.01 percent and the boiling water shrinkage of 3.05 percent.
Example 5
A preparation method of open-fiber aggregation-shaped polyester yarns is characterized in that 610dtex/96f pre-oriented polyester fibers are prepared through an elasticizing process to obtain the open-fiber aggregation-shaped polyester yarns;
the elasticizing process adopts a BARMAG elasticizing machine, and comprises the following processes: pre-oriented polyester fiber → pre-net → first thread feeding roller → first deforming hot box → cooling plate → false twister → second thread feeding roller → middle net → second shaping hot box → shaping thread feeding roller → oiling roller → DTY winding shaping overfeed → split-gathering shape polyester yarn;
the false twister is a friction disc false twister and comprises six discs with three axes, the disc at the bottom layer is a ceramic cutter disc, the disc at the top layer is a ceramic disc, and the 4 layers of discs in the middle are metal discs; the surface roughness Ra of the oiling roller is 50 mu m; the parameters of the elasticizing process flow are as follows:
the pre-net pressure is 0.06MPa, the temperature of the first texturing hot box is 220 ℃, the length of the cooling plate is 1.2m, the speed ratio of the false twister is 1.8, the speed of the second yarn feeding roller is 980m/min, the ratio of the speed of the second yarn feeding roller to the speed of the first yarn feeding roller is 3, the middle net pressure is 0.3MPa, the temperature of the second texturing hot box is 185 ℃, the overfeed of the texturing yarn feeding roller is-5%, and the overfeed of the winding molding is-3.3%.
The finally prepared open-fiber aggregation polyester yarn has the specification of 222dtex/96f, the breaking strength of 2.53cN/dtex, the elongation at break of 15.71 percent, the crimp shrinkage of 9.16 percent and the boiling water shrinkage of 3.2 percent.
Example 6
A preparation method of open-fiber aggregation-shaped polyester yarns is characterized in that 430dtex/384f pre-oriented polyester fibers are prepared through an elasticizing process to obtain the open-fiber aggregation-shaped polyester yarns;
the elasticizing process adopts a BARMAG elasticizing machine, and comprises the following processes: pre-oriented polyester fiber → pre-net → first thread feeding roller → first deforming hot box → cooling plate → false twister → second thread feeding roller → middle net → second shaping hot box → shaping thread feeding roller → oiling roller → DTY winding shaping overfeed → split-gathering shape polyester yarn;
the false twister is a friction disc false twister and comprises six discs with three axes, the disc at the bottom layer is a ceramic cutter disc, the disc at the top layer is a ceramic disc, and the 4 layers of discs in the middle are metal discs; the surface roughness Ra of the oiling roller is 50 mu m; the parameters of the elasticizing process flow are as follows:
the pre-net pressure is 0.06MPa, the temperature of the first texturing hot box is 220 ℃, the length of the cooling plate is 1.2m, the speed ratio of the false twister is 1.5, the speed of the second yarn feeding roller is 550m/min, the ratio of the speed of the second yarn feeding roller to the speed of the first yarn feeding roller is 2, the middle net pressure is 0.2MPa, the temperature of the second texturing hot box is 198 ℃, the overfeed of the texturing yarn feeding roller is-3.8 percent, and the overfeed of the winding forming is-3.45 percent.
The finally prepared split-fiber aggregation polyester yarn has the specification of 222dtex/384f, the breaking strength of 2.57cN/dtex, the elongation at break of 17.08%, the crimp shrinkage of 5.82% and the boiling water shrinkage of 4.24%.
Claims (7)
1. A preparation method of split-fiber aggregation polyester yarns is characterized by comprising the following steps: preparing the pre-oriented polyester fiber into open-fiber aggregated polyester yarn by an elasticizing process;
the process flow of the texturing comprises the following steps: pre-oriented polyester fiber → pre-net → first thread feeding roller → first deforming hot box → cooling plate → false twister → second thread feeding roller → middle net → second shaping hot box → shaping thread feeding roller → oiling roller → DTY winding shaping overfeed → split-gathering shape polyester yarn;
the ratio of the speed of the second wire feeding roller to the speed of the first wire feeding roller is 2.0-3.2, and the speed of the second wire feeding roller is 400-1000 m/min;
the medium network pressure is 0.15-0.32 MPa;
the false twister is a friction disc false twister, and has six discs with three axes, the disc at the bottom layer is a ceramic cutter disc, the disc at the top layer is a ceramic disc, and the discs at the middle 4 layers are metal discs;
the surface roughness Ra of the oiling roller is 50 +/-5 mu m;
the breaking strength of the open-fiber aggregation polyester yarn is less than or equal to 3.2cN/dtex, the elongation at break is less than or equal to 20%, the crimp shrinkage is less than or equal to 13%, and the boiling water shrinkage is less than or equal to 4.5%.
2. The method for preparing the opened and gathered polyester yarn as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pre-network pressure is 0.04-0.06 MPa, the temperature of the first deforming hot box is 185-220 ℃, and the temperature of the second shaping hot box is 160-200 ℃.
3. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the length of the cooling plate is 1 to 1.5m, the false twister speed ratio is 1.45 to 2.2, the overfeed of the setting feed roller is-5.0 to 5.0%, and the overfeed of the winding form is-5.0 to 5.0%.
4. The method for preparing the opened and gathered polyester yarn according to claim 3, wherein a BARMAG elasticizer is adopted in the elasticizing process.
5. The method for producing an open-fiber and gathered polyester yarn as claimed in claim 4, wherein the fineness of the pre-oriented polyester fiber is 33 to 660dtex.
6. The method for preparing the opened and gathered polyester yarn as claimed in claim 5, wherein the filament number of the opened and gathered polyester yarn is 0.20-5.6 dtex.
7. The method for preparing the opened and gathered polyester yarn according to claim 6, wherein the opened and gathered polyester yarn has breaking strength of 2.5-3.2 cN/dtex, elongation at break of 16-20%, crimp shrinkage of 5-13%, and boiling water shrinkage of 3.0-4.5%.
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