CN114232052B - Preparation method of high-temperature corrosion resistant composite coating on surface of zirconium alloy cladding - Google Patents
Preparation method of high-temperature corrosion resistant composite coating on surface of zirconium alloy cladding Download PDFInfo
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- C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
- C23C14/48—Ion implantation
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
Abstract
The invention discloses ZrO with zirconium alloy cladding surface resistant to high-temperature and high-pressure aqueous solution corrosion and high-temperature steam oxidation 2 A preparation method of a/Cr composite coating. Firstly, forming ZrO on the surface of the zirconium alloy by utilizing a micro-arc oxidation technology 2 And (3) a buffer layer, injecting Cr ions to obtain a pinning layer, and finally preparing the metal Cr layer by using a cathode vacuum arc magnetic filtration and deposition method. The preparation process of the composite coating provided by the invention is used for preparing ZrO on the surface of the zirconium alloy cladding 2 the/Cr composite coating not only avoids galvanic corrosion of the zirconium alloy cladding of the fuel rod in a water corrosion medium, but also greatly delays the corrosion rate in a high-temperature aqueous solution and steam environment, meets the corrosion resistance requirement of the zirconium alloy cladding under the normal service condition of the high-temperature high-pressure aqueous solution, and improves the high-temperature steam oxidation resistance of the zirconium alloy cladding, thereby enhancing the capability of the fuel element in resisting serious water loss accidents of a reactor.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of coatings, and particularly relates to a composite coating with excellent high-temperature and high-pressure water solution corrosion resistance and high-temperature steam oxidation resistance, which is suitable for surface treatment of a zirconium alloy cladding of a nuclear fission reactor fuel rod.
Background
Zirconium and zirconium alloy have low thermal neutron cross-section absorption coefficient, excellent thermal conductivity, good machining performance and excellent fuel compatibility, and are used for fuel rod cladding materials and reactor core structure materials of water-cooled power reactors. However, under the service condition of a high-temperature and high-pressure water environment, the outer wall of the zirconium alloy cladding is subjected to scouring, corrosion and neutron irradiation damage of high-temperature and high-pressure water, and a hydrogen cracking phenomenon is generated along with hydrogen absorption. Under the working condition of loss of coolant accident (LOCA) of a cooling system, the zirconium alloy cladding of the fuel rod is easy to react with high-temperature water vapor to cause severe oxidation of the cladding, a large amount of hydrogen is released, the cladding is embrittled due to hydrogen absorption of the zirconium alloy, and finally fission products are leaked, so that the safe operation of a nuclear power station is seriously threatened. Therefore, the problems of reducing the high-temperature steam oxidation rate of the zirconium material, reducing the hydrogen release amount and delaying the embrittlement rate of the material are urgently needed to be solved in the nuclear power industry.
According to the protection requirements under the normal service and LOCA working conditions, it is necessary to develop a high-temperature and high-pressure water solution corrosion resistant and high-temperature steam oxidation resistant coating suitable for the zirconium alloy surface. The surface coating technology has short research and development period and low cost, can fully exert the advantages of zirconium alloy cladding on the basis of not changing the design of the existing nuclear reactor fuel element, and prepares a wear-resistant, corrosion-resistant and steam oxidation-resistant coating, thereby receiving wide attention. At present, the accident-resistant fuel coatings researched and developed at home and abroad mainly comprise Cr, feCrAl, tiN/TiAlN, siC and ZrSi 2 Both reduce the oxidation rate of zirconium in high temperature steam to some extent (Chongchong Tang, michael Stuber, hans J Seifert, martin Steinburck. Corroson Reviews,2017,35 (3): 141-165).
In the above coating system, the Cr coating can be oxidized at high temperature to form dense continuous Cr with good thermal stability 2 O 3 Film having good resistance to high-temperature steam oxidation: (>900 deg.C), is regarded as very goodZirconium alloy cladding protective coatings with potential application (Hu Xiaogang, dong Chuang, chen Baoqing, yang Gongyan, zhang Ruiqian, gu Wei, chen Damin surface technology, 2019,48 (02): 217-229). However, under the service condition of a high-temperature and high-pressure water environment, the Zr and the Cr have larger potential difference between metals, so that galvanic corrosion can occur when the Zr matrix and the Cr coating are in direct contact, the potential of the Cr is higher than that of the Zr, and the Cr becomes a cathode of a corrosion micro-battery. Once the Cr coating has microcracks, a small anode-large cathode corrosion battery is formed, the zirconium tube has serious local corrosion, and the zirconium alloy cladding can be perforated when the reactor runs for a long time, so that the zirconium alloy cladding is more easily corroded and damaged than the zirconium tube without the Cr coating, and the safe operation of the nuclear reactor is threatened. In addition, the Cr layer deposited on the surface of the zirconium alloy by adopting the technologies of arc ion plating, 3D laser plating, physical vapor deposition and the like has low film/base bonding strength, and the Cr coating can be peeled off when running for a long time in a high-temperature and high-pressure water environment, so that the protection life of the coating is influenced. Patent document No. 201910905746.X discloses a preparation method of a multilayer protective coating with periodically and alternately deposited Cr and Cr-Al-Si-N, and although the multilayer protective coating has certain high-temperature steam oxidation resistance in high-temperature steam, the binding force between the Cr/Cr-Al-Si-N coating and a zirconium substrate is poor, so that the high-temperature and high-pressure aqueous solution corrosion resistance and the high-temperature steam oxidation resistance of the coating are seriously weakened.
Metal vapor vacuum arc (MEVVA) ion implantation is the ion implantation of an energetic ion beam generated by an MEVVA ion source into the surface of a workpiece, thereby changing the mechanical properties of the surface of the workpiece. After MEVVA source ion implantation treatment, the abrasion resistance, oxidation resistance, corrosion resistance and the like of the surface of the material are enhanced, and the binding force of a subsequent deposited film layer is improved. In the patent document of application No. 201510750821.1, a metal carbide/diamond-like carbon multilayer film is prepared by alternately using ion implantation and plasma deposition techniques, because of the presence of an ion implanted metal "pinning layer", the coating has excellent film/base bonding strength.
Magnetic filtration cathode vacuum arc ion plating (FCVAD) is a coating method developed based on a cathode arc technology, target material atoms are ionized into plasma through cathode arc discharge, large particles and neutral ions are filtered through a magnetic filtration bent pipe, and finally, uniform, compact, wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant coatings are deposited on the surfaces of substrate materials such as silicon wafers, 304 stainless steel and the like. The technology has the advantages of low deposition temperature, adjustable deposition energy, high deposition speed and the like.
Micro-arc oxidation (MAO) is a technology for growing ceramic oxide films on the surfaces of metals such as Al, mg, ti, zr and the like in situ by utilizing the phenomenon of micro-area plasma discharge in electrolyte. The micro-arc discharge energy is utilized, and the metal matrix, the electrolyte reactant and the deposit are instantaneously sintered in a micro area to be converted into the ceramic oxide. Its production process is simple, uniformity is good, and the workpiece temp. is low and does not deform. The oxide film/metal interface bond is very good due to the direct oxidation of the metal matrix. After the zirconium alloy is subjected to micro-arc oxidation surface treatment, zrO 2 The ceramic membrane has good high-temperature and high-pressure water corrosion resistance and has good application prospect in the zirconium alloy cladding component of the fuel rod (patent 201210183050.9). ZrO (ZrO) 2 The ceramic membrane has better corrosion resistance in a high-temperature water environment (such as 360 ℃) of a pressurized water reactor, but the high-temperature steam oxidation resistance of the ceramic membrane needs to be improved.
The coating system with high temperature and high pressure water solution corrosion resistance, high temperature steam oxidation resistance and good film/base combination is prepared on the surface of the zirconium alloy, and is a practical requirement of a nuclear fuel cladding material. Because the zirconia ceramic has good insulating property, zrO is prepared between the zirconium alloy cladding tube and the Cr coating 2 Insulating buffer layer forming Zr matrix/ZrO 2 The coating system of/Cr can avoid galvanic corrosion between the Zr matrix and the Cr coating, and has better high-temperature steam oxidation resistance and high-temperature and high-pressure water solution corrosion resistance. The invention provides a method for preparing corrosion-resistant ZrO with good combination on the surface of a zirconium alloy cladding by adopting micro-arc oxidation, ion implantation and magnetic filtration deposition surface technologies 2 a/Cr composite coating for improving ZrO by ion implantation of Cr ions 2 And the bonding force between Cr layers.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of a high-temperature and high-pressure water solution corrosion-resistant and high-temperature steam oxidation-resistant composite coating for a zirconium alloy cladding, which not only avoids galvanic corrosion of the zirconium alloy in a corrosive medium, but also greatly delays the corrosion rate in a high-temperature water and steam environment, meets the corrosion resistance requirement of the zirconium alloy cladding under the normal service condition of the high-temperature and high-pressure water solution, improves the high-temperature steam oxidation resistance of the zirconium alloy cladding, and enhances the resistance of a fuel element against serious water loss accidents of a reactor.
The preparation method of the composite coating comprises the following steps: preparation of ZrO by micro-arc oxidation (MAO) technique 2 A buffer layer. In order to improve the film/base bonding strength, the invention utilizes the metal vapor vacuum arc (MEVVA) ion implantation technology to ZrO 2 The surface layer of the buffer layer is provided with a pinning layer containing Cr. And preparing a metal Cr deposition film on the surface of the Cr pinning layer by a magnetic filtration deposition method by utilizing a cathode vacuum arc (FCVA) ion source.
For preparing ZrO 2 And a buffer layer, wherein the buffer layer is used for preparing micro-arc oxidation electrolyte, and the electrolyte is a mixed aqueous solution of sodium phosphate, potassium hydroxide and glycerol, and is characterized in that the content of sodium phosphate in the electrolyte is 2-15 g/L, the content of sodium hydroxide is 1-5 g/L, and the content of glycerol is 10-80 ml/L.
For preparing ZrO 2 The buffer layer is used for carrying out micro-arc oxidation treatment on the zirconium alloy sample, and the process is as follows:
completely immersing the zirconium alloy sample in a stainless steel container containing the electrolyte, taking the zirconium alloy as an anode and a stainless steel electrolytic tank as a cathode, and performing micro-arc oxidation on the surface of the zirconium alloy sample by adopting micro-arc oxidation equipment until a layer of micro-arc oxidation film with the required thickness is generated on the surface of the zirconium alloy sample; during micro-arc oxidation treatment, the positive voltage of the micro-arc oxidation power supply is 300-520V, the negative voltage is 20-100V, the working frequency is 35-150 Hz, the duty ratio is 20-90%, the treatment time is 5-40min 2 The thickness of the buffer layer is 3-15 μm.
For preparing pinning layers of metallic Cr, for the above-mentioned ZrO 2 Carrying out MEVVA ion implantation treatment on the buffer layer, wherein the process is as follows:
subjecting the above-mentioned ZrO to heat treatment 2 The buffer layer sample is arranged in a sample chamber, ions generated by a metal vapor vacuum arc (MEVVA) ion source are accelerated and bombarded in a high-voltage electric field and enter the ZrO 2 In the buffer layer. It is characterized in that the MEVVA ion source is a pure Cr ion source, and the vacuum degree is 1 multiplied by 10 -3 ～6×10 -3 Pa, injection voltage of 4-15 kV, beam intensity of 1-4 mA, and injection dosage of 1 × 10 15 ～1×10 17 /cm 2 The implantation depth is usually 70 to 120nm.
In order to prepare a metal Cr deposition layer, the micro-arc oxidation and ion implantation sample is subjected to magnetic filtration deposition treatment, and the process comprises the following steps:
placing the micro-arc oxidation + ion injection sample in a sample chamber, depositing a metal layer by adopting the FCAV ion source, ionizing the metal layer by metal plasma generated by the metal arc source under a curved magnetic field, and depositing the metal layer on the ZrO injected with Cr 2 On the buffer layer. The metal arc source is a pure Cr ion source, and the thickness of the Cr metal layer is 2-20 mu m. During magnetic filtration and deposition, the arcing current is 90-120A, the magnetic field of the bent pipe is 2.0-4.0A, the negative pressure is 20-200V, the duty ratio is 20-90%, and the treatment time is 1-10 h.
The method of the invention is suitable for various zirconium alloys, in particular for zirconium alloy materials containing niobium or tin which are commonly used for nuclear fuel rod cladding.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the invention adopts the micro-arc oxidation, ion implantation and magnetic filtration deposition technology to prepare ZrO on the surface of the zirconium alloy 2 a/Cr composite coating. Not only can improve the oxidation resistance of the zirconium alloy cladding material in high-temperature water vapor and the corrosion resistance of the zirconium alloy cladding material in high-temperature and high-pressure water solution, but also can prepare ZrO through micro-arc oxidation treatment 2 The buffer layer avoids Zr/Cr galvanic corrosion under normal service conditions. After ion implantation treatment, cr ions can be pinned on ZrO 2 Insulating film surface layer for greatly enhancing Cr metal layer and ZrO deposited by subsequent magnetic filtration 2 The binding force of the buffer layer. Finally, zrO with good bonding force, galvanic corrosion resistance, high-temperature water corrosion resistance and high-temperature steam oxidation resistance is prepared on the surface of the zirconium alloy 2 the/Cr composite coating improves the service safety performance of the zirconium alloy cladding of the fuel rod.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the preparation of ZrO on the surface of Zr-1Nb alloy in accordance with the present invention 2 And the section of the/Cr composite coating is a scanning electron microscope photograph.
Detailed Description
According to the electrolyte system, several formulas of electrolytes are prepared, and ZrO is performed on the surface of Zr-1Nb alloy cladded by the nuclear fuel rod by adopting the micro-arc oxidation process conditions, MEVVA source ion injection and FCVA plasma deposition process conditions provided by the invention 2 And preparing the/Cr composite coating. Determine ZrO 2 Buffer layer and deposited Cr metal layer thickness. At the same time, the Zr-1Nb alloy matrix, the micro-arc oxidation film and ZrO were measured 2 the/Cr composite membrane has corrosion resistance and high-temperature steam oxidation resistance in high-temperature and high-pressure aqueous solution.
Example 1
Preparing micro-arc oxidation electrolyte, wherein the micro-arc oxidation electrolyte is prepared by uniformly preparing sodium phosphate, potassium hydroxide, glycerol and deionized water, and the content of the sodium phosphate, the content of the sodium hydroxide and the content of the glycerol in each liter of electrolyte are 12g, 4g and 50ml respectively.
Completely immersing the Zr-1Nb alloy sample to be treated into the prepared electrolyte, and carrying out micro-arc oxidation treatment: in the micro-arc oxidation treatment process, the positive voltage is 500V, the negative voltage is 100V, the working frequency is 150Hz, the duty ratio is 80%, and the treatment time is 35min.
And fixing the micro-arc oxidized Zr-1Nb sample in a sample chamber, rotating to an injection target position, and starting ion injection. The ion source for injection is a pure Cr ion source with the purity of 99.5 percent. The injection conditions were: vacuum degree of 6X 10 -3 Pa, injection voltage of 15kV, beam intensity of 3mA, and injection dosage of 1 × 10 17 /cm 2 。
Fixing the Zr-1Nb sample subjected to micro-arc oxidation and ion injection in a sample chamber, and rotating the sample to a deposition target position to start deposition. The metal arc source is a pure Cr ion source with the purity of 99.5 percent, and the injection conditions are as follows: the arcing current is 100A, the magnetic field of the bent pipe is 2.8A, the negative pressure is 100V, the duty ratio is 60 percent, and the processing time is 2h.
Through the steps, the ZrO with a uniform layer of surface coating is finally obtained 2 The zirconium alloy workpiece of the/Cr composite film is marked as Z1.
Example 2
The same method as that of example 1 was used to prepare a micro-arc oxidation electrolyte, and the Zr-1Nb sample was subjected to micro-arc oxidation treatment, followed by ZrO 2 And injecting Cr element into the surface of the buffer layer, and finally depositing a Cr metal layer on the surface of the metal pinning layer. In the micro-arc oxidation treatment process, the content of sodium phosphate, the content of sodium hydroxide and the content of glycerol in each liter of electrolyte are respectively 8g and 3 g; the positive voltage of the micro-arc oxidation treatment is 450V, the negative voltage is 80V, the working frequency is 100Hz, the duty ratio is 60%, and the treatment time is 30min. In the ion implantation process, the ion source for implantation is a pure Cr ion source with the purity of 99.5 percent, and the implantation conditions are as follows: vacuum degree of 6X 10 -3 Pa, injection voltage of 8kV, beam intensity of 1mA, and injection dose of 1 × 10 15 /cm 2 . In the deposition process of the metal Cr layer, the metal arc source is a pure Cr ion source with the purity of 99.5 percent, and the injection conditions are as follows: the arcing current is 90A, the magnetic field of the bent pipe is 2.2A, the negative pressure is 30V, the duty ratio is 70%, and the processing time is 3h.
Through the steps, the ZrO with a uniform layer of surface coating is finally obtained 2 The zirconium alloy workpiece of the/Cr composite film is marked as Z2.
Example 3
The same method as that of example 1 was used to prepare a micro-arc oxidation electrolyte, and the Zr-1Nb sample was subjected to micro-arc oxidation treatment, followed by ZrO 2 Injecting Cr element into the surface of the buffer layer sample, and finally depositing a Cr metal layer on the surface of the metal pinning layer. In the micro-arc oxidation treatment process, the content of sodium phosphate, the content of sodium hydroxide and the content of glycerol in each liter of electrolyte are respectively 2.5g, 1.5g and 20ml; the positive voltage of the micro-arc oxidation treatment is 400V, the negative voltage is 60V, the working frequency is 75Hz, the duty ratio is 45%, and the treatment time is 25min. In the ion implantation process, the ion source for implantation is a pure Cr ion source with the purity of 99.5 percent, and the implantation conditions are as follows: vacuum degree of 6X 10 -3 Pa, injection voltage of 10kV, beam intensity of 2mA, and injection dose of 1 × 10 16 /cm 2 . In the deposition process of the metal Cr layer, the metal arc source is a pure Cr ion source with the purity of 99.5 percent, and the injection conditions are as follows: the arcing current is 90A and the arc-starting current is 90A,the magnetic field of the bent pipe is 2.3A, the negative pressure is 60V, the duty ratio is 80%, and the processing time is 2h.
Through the steps, the ZrO with the uniform surface covering layer is finally obtained 2 The zirconium alloy workpiece of the/Cr composite film is marked as Z3.
Example 4
A micro-arc oxidation electrolyte was prepared in the same manner as in example 1, and a Zr-1Nb sample was subjected to micro-arc oxidation treatment. In the micro-arc oxidation process, the content of sodium phosphate, sodium hydroxide and glycerol in each liter of electrolyte is 2.5g, 1.5g and 20ml respectively; the positive voltage of the micro-arc oxidation treatment is 400V, the negative voltage is 60V, the working frequency is 75Hz, the duty ratio is 45%, and the treatment time is 25min.
And finally obtaining a zirconium alloy workpiece with a uniform micro-arc oxidation film covered on the surface through the steps, and recording the zirconium alloy workpiece as Zr-MAO.
Example 5
The Zr-1Nb workpiece Z1 obtained in example 1 was subjected to the following performance tests, and the test results are shown in Table 1.
(1) Oxide film thickness measurement
Cutting a Z1 sample, inlaying the sample with bakelite powder, polishing, observing the cross-sectional morphology of the film by using a Hitachi S-4800 scanning electron microscope, and measuring ZrO 2 And taking the average value of five points as the thickness value of the film layer.
(2) Autoclave experiments
The zirconium alloy workpiece Z1 was placed in an autoclave under the following experimental conditions: 360 ℃/18.6MPa high-temperature water environment, and the test time is 180 days.
(3) High temperature steam test
Putting a zirconium alloy workpiece Z1 into a high-temperature steam balance sample chamber, wherein the high-temperature steam experiment conditions are as follows: the test temperature is 1000 ℃, the heating rate is 50 ℃/min, the water vapor humidity is 50%, and the test time is 3600s.
Examples 6 to 7
The zirconium alloy workpieces treated in examples 2, 3 and 4 were subjected to the performance test in accordance with the method of example 5. The results are shown in Table 1.
EXAMPLES example 8
The Zr-1Nb alloy matrix material is subjected to performance test according to the method of the embodiment 5, so that the performance difference of the zirconium alloy workpiece before and after the micro-arc oxidation, ion implantation and magnetic filtration deposition composite treatment is analyzed in a comparative manner.
TABLE 1
As can be seen from Table 1, compared with the zirconium alloy matrix material, after the composite surface of the zirconium alloy cladding of the nuclear fuel rod is treated by the micro-arc oxidation electrolyte, the micro-arc oxidation process, the MEVVA ion implantation process and the FCVA deposition method, the high-temperature and high-pressure water solution corrosion resistance and the high-temperature steam oxidation resistance of the zirconium alloy workpiece are greatly improved. Therefore, the method not only prolongs the service life of the zirconium alloy cladding of the nuclear fuel rod, but also enhances the accident-resistant and fault-tolerant capability of the cladding.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical ideas and features of the present invention, and the purpose thereof is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the contents of the present invention and implement the present invention, and not to limit the protection scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention should be covered in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. A preparation method of a high-temperature corrosion resistant composite coating on the surface of a zirconium alloy cladding is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, carrying out oxidation treatment on the outer surface of the zirconium alloy cladding tube by using a micro-arc oxidation technology to form ZrO 2 A buffer layer; the micro-arc oxidation electrolyte is a mixed aqueous solution of sodium phosphate, sodium hydroxide and glycerol, wherein the content of the sodium phosphate is 2-15 g/L, the content of the sodium hydroxide is 1-5 g/L, and the content of the glycerol is 10-80 ml/L; a bipolar pulse power supply is adopted, the positive voltage is 300V-520V, the negative voltage is 20V-100V, the working frequency is 35-150 Hz, the duty ratio is 20-90%, and the processing time is 5-40 min;
step two, utilizing a metal vapor vacuum arc ion source to carry out ZrO treatment 2 Injecting metal elements into the surface of the buffer layer to form a pinning layer; the metal vapor vacuum arc ion source is a pure Cr ion source, the injection voltage is 4kV to 15kV, the beam intensity is 1mA to 4mA, and the injection dosage is 1 multiplied by 10 15 ～1×10 17 /cm 2 ；
Thirdly, obtaining a metal layer on the surface of the pinning layer by using a cathode vacuum arc ion source through a magnetic filtration deposition method; the cathode vacuum arc ion source is a pure Cr ion source; during magnetic filtration and deposition, the arcing current is 90-120A, the magnetic field of the bent pipe is 2.0-4.0A, the negative bias is 20-200V, the duty ratio is 20-90%, and the treatment time is 1-10 h.
2. A method according to claim 1, wherein ZrO is formed 2 The thickness of the buffer layer is 3-15 μm, and the thickness of the deposited Cr metal layer is 2-20 μm; the Cr ion implantation pinning layer improves ZrO 2 The bonding force with a Cr layer; zrO prepared on surface of zirconium alloy cladding 2 the/Cr composite coating has excellent high-temperature and high-pressure water solution corrosion resistance and high-temperature steam oxidation resistance, avoids galvanic corrosion of the Cr coating and the Zr matrix, and is applied to the protection of the outer surface of the zirconium alloy cladding tube of the reactor fuel rod.
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