CN114231679A - Flat oversize blast furnace - Google Patents
Flat oversize blast furnace Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN114231679A CN114231679A CN202210001049.3A CN202210001049A CN114231679A CN 114231679 A CN114231679 A CN 114231679A CN 202210001049 A CN202210001049 A CN 202210001049A CN 114231679 A CN114231679 A CN 114231679A
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- blast furnace
- furnace
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- flattened
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- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 210000001015 abdomen Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003034 coal gas Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000009851 ferrous metallurgy Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910000805 Pig iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B7/00—Blast furnaces
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B7/00—Blast furnaces
- C21B7/02—Internal forms
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a flattened super-large blast furnace, relates to the technical field of ferrous metallurgy, and aims to solve the problem that the coke strength and blast kinetic energy hinder the further increase of the furnace volume of the blast furnace; the invention comprises a dead iron layer, a furnace hearth, a furnace belly, a furnace waist, a furnace body, a furnace throat and a gas sealing cover from bottom to top in sequence, wherein line segments with unequal lengths exist on a cross section at any height position of the blast furnace and pass through a vertical central line of the blast furnace, and two ends of the line segments are respectively positioned in countless line segments on the inner wall of the blast furnace, and the line segment with the longest length is taken as a long axis, and the vertical distance from the end point of the other line segments to the long axis is not more than the maximum distance of the kinetic energy of hot air entering from an air supply inlet to enable the hot air to be injected into a stock column; the longer the length of the long shaft is, the larger the capacity of the blast furnace is; the invention adopts a flat structure, provides a new idea for the oversize design of the blast furnace and solves the world problem that the volume of the existing blast furnace is difficult to be further enlarged.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ferrous metallurgy, in particular to a flattened super-large blast furnace.
Background
The blast furnace is main ironmaking equipment in China, and the large-scale blast furnace is the target pursued by an ironmaking system, because the large-scale blast furnace has many advantages, the method not only can improve the yield of molten iron in unit time, reduce the investment of iron production in unit time and improve the cost performance of the molten iron, but also can reduce the land occupation, and is beneficial to intensively treating pollutants and the like.
As the first major iron and steel countries in the world, China is far ahead of all countries in the world in terms of yield, but a large amount of molten iron is produced by a small blast furnace with backward equipment, so that the energy consumption is high, the pollution is large, the labor productivity is low, 1 hundred million tons of pig iron are produced, and the ratio of the super-large blast furnace to 1000m3The following small-sized blast furnace can save more than 500 million tons of fuel, save more than 700 million tons of coal and discharge less billions of cubic carbon, which also reflects the disadvantage that the laggard iron-making technology in China still accounts for a considerable proportion and can not be continuously developed; the improved idea of the operation and management of the super-huge blast furnace in China (Livictory State, iron making, No. 5 in 2017) is recorded in the text: in 2017, China has 4000m3The above extra-large blast furnace 22 seats have a significant gap compared with the extra-large blast furnaces of Japan and Korea; even as early as 2008, Japan almost completely abandoned 2000m3The blast furnace has the following volume, and the maximum volume of the blast furnace reaches 5700m in the year3The above; as calculated by 2020, China also has 9 seats of 5000m3The oversize blast furnace is provided.
However, the volume of the blast furnace with the largest volume in the world still does not exceed 6000m3The blast furnace has the advantages that the key restriction factors for preventing the further increase of the furnace capacity of the blast furnace are 2, firstly, the height of the blast furnace cannot be increased infinitely due to the limitation of the coke strength, namely, the blast furnace has a height limit, secondly, the blast kinetic energy of a tuyere is limited, hot air can only be blown into the inner part of the blast furnace for a certain distance, and if the diameter of the blast furnace is too large, the hot air cannot be blown into the middle part, so that only dead stock columns can be formed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a flattened super-large blast furnace to solve the problem that the coke strength and blast kinetic energy hinder the further increase of the furnace volume of the blast furnace.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a flattening super-huge blast furnace comprises a dead iron layer, a hearth, a furnace belly, a furnace waist, a furnace body, a furnace throat and a gas sealing cover from bottom to top in sequence, wherein a molten iron outlet is formed between the dead iron layer and the hearth, an air supply inlet is formed in the upper part of the hearth, a gas outlet is formed in the side surface of the gas sealing cover, a raw material inlet is formed in the upper end of the gas sealing cover, a line segment with unequal length passes through the vertical central line of the blast furnace on the cross section of any height position of the blast furnace, and two ends of the line segment are respectively positioned in countless line segments on the inner wall of the blast furnace, the vertical distance from the end point of the other line segment to the long axis is not more than the maximum distance from the kinetic energy of hot air entering the air supply inlet to enable the hot air to be injected into a material column; the longer the length of the major axis, the larger the capacity of the blast furnace.
In a preferred embodiment, the cross-section of the blast furnace is elliptical at any height.
In a preferred embodiment, the cross-section at any height of the blast furnace comprises two symmetrical semi-circles and a rectangle in between.
In a preferred embodiment, the periphery of the cross section at any height position of the blast furnace is composed of a plurality of circular arcs, or is composed of a plurality of circular arcs and a plurality of straight segments.
Optionally, in any of the above schemes, the raw material inlet is provided with at least two inlets respectively located at two sides of the upper end of the gas sealing cover.
Optionally, in the scheme, a plurality of raw material inlets are arranged, and the surface formed by the distribution range is the same as the cross section of the blast furnace at any height position.
Optionally, in any of the above schemes, at least 3 molten iron outlets are provided, two of the molten iron outlets being respectively located at two ends of the hearth near the long axis.
Optionally, in any of the above schemes, at least 4 gas outlets are provided.
In any of the above schemes, optionally, at least 40 air supply inlets are provided.
The furnace cylinder wall is an arc or a straight line segment, the direction of the air supply inlet is determined according to the position of the furnace cylinder wall, when the furnace cylinder wall is an arc, the air supply inlet faces the center of the arc, and when the furnace cylinder wall is a straight line segment, the air supply inlet faces the long shaft vertically.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the flattened super-huge type blast furnace abandons the design idea that the inner section of the original blast furnace body adopts a perfect circle shape, adopts a flattened structure, provides a new idea for the super-huge type design of the blast furnace, solves the world problem of further large scale of the volume of the existing blast furnace, and can easily break through the 6000m blast furnace3The above volumes.
2. The flattened super-large blast furnace is not limited by the design concept of perfect roundness, so that the height of the blast furnace can be properly reduced on the basis, a height extreme value brought by pursuing coke strength is not needed, the strength requirement of the coke can be met, and the reasonable utilization rate of blast furnace gas can be ensured; in a similar way, compared with a right circular blast furnace with the same level volume, the diameter of a single side can be reduced, the long shaft is lengthened, the central material column is completely blown through when air is supplied by the blast furnace, and the waste of the effective volume of the blast furnace is avoided; therefore, the flat oversize blast furnace can be used for 6000m3The design of the super-huge blast furnace can also be used for 6000m3The following blast furnace model optimization.
3. The flattened super-large blast furnace can easily break through the upper limit of the volume of the existing blast furnace, so the height of the blast furnace can be reduced, the coke quality requirement can not be too strict, the long axis is parallel to the perennial wind direction as far as possible only by making a research on site selection and the windward direction, and even the streamline design is strengthened by the shell of the blast furnace, the structure is more stable compared with the blast furnace which pursues the height, the cost is saved, the service life of the blast furnace can be prolonged, and the method is beneficial and harmless.
4. The flattened super-large blast furnace can indirectly reduce the fuel consumed by pig iron in unit production, reduce carbon emission, reduce land occupation, more intensively treat pollutants, further develop environment-friendly production and lay a foundation for future green ecology on the premise of not reducing production because the volume of the blast furnace can be further enlarged.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic front view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure taken along the line A-A in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic side view of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic sectional view along the direction B-B in fig. 1.
In the figure: 1. a dead iron layer; 2. a hearth; 3. a furnace belly; 4. a furnace waist; 5. a furnace body; 6. a throat; 7. a gas enclosure; 8. a molten iron outlet; 9. an air supply inlet; 10. a coal gas outlet; 11. a raw material inlet.
Detailed Description
The internal structure of the existing blast furnace, no matter small, large or extra large, generally adopts a 7-section design, namely, the blast furnace sequentially comprises a dead iron layer 1, a hearth 2, a furnace belly 3, a furnace waist 4, a furnace body 5, a furnace throat 6 and a gas sealing cover 7 from bottom to top, wherein a molten iron outlet 8 is arranged between the dead iron layer 1 and the hearth 2, the upper part of the hearth 2 is provided with an air supply inlet 9, the side surface of the gas sealing cover 7 is provided with a gas outlet 10, the upper end of the gas sealing cover 7 is provided with a raw material inlet 11, a furnace shell, a cooling wall, refractory material and other facilities are arranged on a blast furnace body, and a furnace belly angle, a furnace body angle, the proportional size of each section and the like are determined according to the process requirements; the capacity of the blast furnace is greatly hindered on the way of further increasing by the coke strength and the blast kinetic energy, and the difficulty cannot be broken through by countries in the world.
In order to find a new breakthrough, the inventor finds that the inner section of the blast furnace body adopts a perfect circular design after a large amount of data access and reading, and the design has the defects that: because of the limitation of the height of the blast furnace (caused by the limitation of coke strength), the volume of the blast furnace can be enlarged only by enlarging the diameter of a right circular section, after the diameter of the right circular section is enlarged to a certain degree, the diameter of the right circular section cannot be enlarged infinitely because the kinetic energy of a tuyere is limited and a stock column cannot be blown through, so that the enlargement of the volume of the blast furnace is limited, and even at the present where the coke quality, air supply management, process optimization and the like are in lean demand, the diameter of the right circular section of a blast furnace body is enlarged on the basis of the previous research, the difficulty is very difficult, and even if the ratio of the size of a dead stock column to the yield after the diameter is enlarged is calculated, the improved upper limit of the volume can still be observed; therefore, the inventor jumps out of the fixed thinking, and through a great deal of research and demonstration, on the basis of not changing the 7-section design of the high furnace, the following scheme is proposed:
referring to fig. 1, on a cross section at any height position of the blast furnace, line segments with unequal lengths pass through a vertical central line of the blast furnace, and two ends of the line segments are respectively positioned in a plurality of line segments on the inner wall of the blast furnace, wherein one line segment with the longest length is taken as a long axis, and the vertical distance from the end points of the other line segments to the long axis is not greater than the maximum distance of the kinetic energy of hot air entering from an air supply inlet 9 to enable the hot air to be injected into a material column; the longer the length of the major axis, the larger the capacity of the blast furnace.
In a preferred embodiment, and with reference to FIGS. 1-4, the cross-section of the blast furnace is elliptical at any elevation.
In another alternative embodiment, the cross-section at any height position of the blast furnace may not be oval but include semicircular shapes on both sides and symmetrical and a rectangular shape therebetween.
In another alternative embodiment, the outer circumference of the cross section at any height position of the blast furnace may be composed of several circular arcs, or may be composed of several circular arcs and several straight line segments, for example, the two sides are circular arcs, the middle portion is an elliptical arc, the circular arcs are connected with the straight line segments of the elliptical arc, and so on.
After the blast furnace is flattened by any method, the traditional frontal circular ring-shaped material distribution method can not meet the requirement of uniform material distribution, so that referring to fig. 2, at least two material inlets 11 are preferably arranged and respectively positioned at two sides of the upper end of the gas sealing cover 7, or only two material inlets 11 can not be used for uniform material distribution due to oversize, a plurality of material inlets 11 can be arranged, in this case, the preferable material distribution range is formed on the surface which is the same as the cross section shape of any height position of the blast furnace.
Further, in order to adapt to the flattening and oversizing of the blast furnace, at least 3 molten iron outlets 8 are preferably provided, as shown in fig. 1, wherein two of the molten iron outlets are respectively positioned at two ends of the hearth 2 close to the long shaft.
Further, in order to adapt to the flattening and oversizing of the blast furnace and ensure the uniform distribution of the gas flow, at least 4 gas outlets 10 are preferably provided, and the specific positions can be seen in fig. 2.
Further, in order to adapt to the flattening and oversize of the blast furnace, at least 40 air supply inlets 9 are preferably arranged, specifically, referring to fig. 4, the orientation of the air supply inlets 9 needs to be determined according to the arc or straight line segment of the hearth 2 wall at the position of the air supply inlets 9, when the air supply inlets are arc, the air supply inlets 9 face the center of the arc, and when the air supply inlets are straight line segments, the air supply inlets 9 vertically face the long axis.
In any of the above embodiments, the reasonable effective height of the inner wall of the blast furnace can be determined by calculating the coke strength and the coal gas reduction reaction time as the upper limit of the height, the maximum distance from the inner wall of the furnace to the long axis can be determined by the maximum distance from the hot air entering through the air supply inlet to the material column, twice the maximum distance is used as the upper limit of the thickness of the blast furnace, the capacity of the blast furnace is determined according to the capacity requirement of the blast furnace, the length of the required long axis is calculated according to the capacity requirement of the blast furnace and the determined upper limit of the height and the upper limit of the thickness, the length is theoretically unlimited, but due to the consideration of practical requirements, convenient operation and the like, the volume of the oversize blast furnace can easily reach 8000-10000 m-3In addition, because the volume has no theoretical upper limit, the height of the blast furnace can be set in a proper range in the actual design rather than the height upper limit which can be reached by pursuing the coke strength at one time, the aim is to ensure that the blast furnace charge column is at a reasonable height, thereby not only meeting the strength requirement of the coke, but also ensuring the reasonable utilization rate of blast furnace gas, and in the same way, the thickness of the blast furnace can be designed in a proper range, thereby ensuring that the central charge column is completely blown through when the blast furnace supplies air, and avoiding the waste of the effective volume of the blast furnace; by adopting the scheme of the invention, a production unit can produce pig iron with huge energy-saving and emission-reducing effects, and the method has the positive effects of popularization, extension and further research.
It should be noted that the present invention is not limited theretoAt 6000m3The super-large blast furnace with the volume can be applicable to any volume, is specially provided only because the existing upper limit of the volume can be broken through, and even can be carried out 4000m before actual production3Even 300m large blast furnace3The invention has the advantages that the trial operation of the small blast furnace does not influence the aim of the invention, and the wind direction needs to be considered when site selection construction is carried out, so that the long axis is prevented from being vertical to the perennial wind direction as far as possible.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are also included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope defined by the claims.
The present invention is not described in detail, but is known to those skilled in the art.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a super-huge blast furnace of flattening, from supreme dead iron layer (1), hearth (2), furnace belly (3), furnace waist (4), shaft of a furnace (5), furnace throat (6) and coal gas seal cover (7) of following in proper order, has seted up molten iron export (8) between dead iron layer (1) and hearth (2), and hearth (2) upper portion is equipped with air supply entry (9), and coal gas seal cover (7) side is equipped with coal gas export (10), and coal gas seal cover (7) upper end is equipped with raw materials entry (11), its characterized in that: on the cross section of any height position of the blast furnace, the cross section passes through the vertical central line of the blast furnace, and the two ends of the cross section are respectively positioned in countless line sections of the inner wall of the blast furnace, line sections with unequal lengths exist, one line section with the longest length is taken as a long axis, and the vertical distance from the end points of the other line sections to the long axis is not more than the maximum distance of the hot air which can be shot into the material column by the kinetic energy of the hot air entering from the air supply inlet (9); the longer the length of the long shaft is, the larger the capacity of the blast furnace is.
2. A flattened super-large scale blast furnace as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the cross section of the blast furnace at any height position is oval.
3. A flattened super-large scale blast furnace as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the cross section of the blast furnace at any height position comprises a semicircular shape which is positioned on two sides and is symmetrical and a rectangle between the semicircular shape and the semicircular shape.
4. A flattened super-large scale blast furnace as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the periphery of the cross section at any height position of the blast furnace consists of a plurality of sections of circular arcs or consists of a plurality of sections of circular arcs and a plurality of sections of straight-line segments.
5. A flattened super large blast furnace as claimed in claim 2 or 3 or 4 wherein: the raw material inlets (11) are at least two and are respectively positioned at two sides of the upper end of the gas sealing cover (7).
6. A flattened super-large scale blast furnace as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the raw material inlets (11) are provided in plurality, and the cross section of the surface formed by the distribution range is the same as the cross section of the blast furnace at any height position.
7. A flattened super large blast furnace as claimed in claim 2 or 3 or 4 wherein: the number of the molten iron outlets (8) is at least 3, and two of the molten iron outlets are respectively positioned at two ends of the furnace hearth (2) close to the long shaft.
8. A flattened super large blast furnace as claimed in claim 2 or 3 or 4 wherein: at least 4 coal gas outlets (10) are arranged.
9. A flattened super large blast furnace as claimed in claim 2 or 3 or 4 wherein: the number of the air supply inlets (9) is at least 40.
10. A flattened super-large scale blast furnace as claimed in claim 9, wherein: the direction of the air supply inlet (9) is determined according to the arc or straight line segment of the wall of the furnace hearth (2) at the position of the air supply inlet, when the air supply inlet is arc, the air supply inlet (9) faces the center of the arc, and when the air supply inlet is straight line segment, the air supply inlet (9) vertically faces the long shaft.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210001049.3A CN114231679A (en) | 2022-01-04 | 2022-01-04 | Flat oversize blast furnace |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210001049.3A CN114231679A (en) | 2022-01-04 | 2022-01-04 | Flat oversize blast furnace |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN114231679A true CN114231679A (en) | 2022-03-25 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210001049.3A Pending CN114231679A (en) | 2022-01-04 | 2022-01-04 | Flat oversize blast furnace |
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| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN114231679A (en) |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB191002130A (en) * | 1910-01-27 | 1910-10-27 | Alfred Baillot | Improvements in Cupola Furnaces. |
| GB191409939A (en) * | 1914-07-04 | 1915-04-15 | Robert Wright | An Improvement in the Mode of Charging a Blast Furnace and in the Construction of the Furnace for that Purpose. |
| GB1432410A (en) * | 1973-07-19 | 1976-04-14 | Isc Smelting | Blast furnace charging gear |
| CN2745012Y (en) * | 2004-11-04 | 2005-12-07 | 程万钢 | Heat accumulation type calcinations vertical kiln |
-
2022
- 2022-01-04 CN CN202210001049.3A patent/CN114231679A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB191002130A (en) * | 1910-01-27 | 1910-10-27 | Alfred Baillot | Improvements in Cupola Furnaces. |
| GB191409939A (en) * | 1914-07-04 | 1915-04-15 | Robert Wright | An Improvement in the Mode of Charging a Blast Furnace and in the Construction of the Furnace for that Purpose. |
| GB1432410A (en) * | 1973-07-19 | 1976-04-14 | Isc Smelting | Blast furnace charging gear |
| CN2745012Y (en) * | 2004-11-04 | 2005-12-07 | 程万钢 | Heat accumulation type calcinations vertical kiln |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| 刘云彩: "《中国古代冶金史话》", 30 November 1991, 天津教育出版社 * |
| 刘云彩: "《现代高炉操作》", 31 May 2016, 冶金工业出版社 * |
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Application publication date: 20220325 |