CN114226969A - Special-shaped end frame and forming method thereof - Google Patents
Special-shaped end frame and forming method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114226969A CN114226969A CN202111574031.4A CN202111574031A CN114226969A CN 114226969 A CN114226969 A CN 114226969A CN 202111574031 A CN202111574031 A CN 202111574031A CN 114226969 A CN114226969 A CN 114226969A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B3/00—Cleaning by methods involving the use or presence of liquid or steam
- B08B3/04—Cleaning involving contact with liquid
- B08B3/08—Cleaning involving contact with liquid the liquid having chemical or dissolving effect
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B23K26/702—Auxiliary equipment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/16—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02G—INSTALLATION OF ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES, OR OF COMBINED OPTICAL AND ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES
- H02G3/00—Installations of electric cables or lines or protective tubing therefor in or on buildings, equivalent structures or vehicles
- H02G3/02—Details
- H02G3/04—Protective tubing or conduits, e.g. cable ladders or cable troughs
- H02G3/0437—Channels
- H02G3/045—Channels provided with perforations or slots permitting introduction or exit of wires
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a special-shaped end frame and a forming method thereof, belongs to the technical field of superplastic forming, and solves the problems of low utilization rate of raw materials and long processing period of the special-shaped end frame in the prior art. The outer end frame of the end frame comprises an outer end shell and an outer shell connected with the outer end shell; the inner end frame comprises an inner shell; the interlayer comprises an end ring, a channel pipe and an inner support; the end ring is positioned between the outer end shell and the inner shell, the channel pipe and the inner support are positioned between the outer shell and the inner shell, and the inner shell is respectively in diffusion connection with the outer end shell, the outer shell, the end ring, the channel pipe and the inner support. The forming method comprises the steps of applying pressure to the inner surfaces of the outer end ring blank and the outer shell blank to enable the outer walls of the outer end ring blank and the outer shell blank to be tightly attached to the inner wall of the die, and applying pressure to the inner surface of the inner shell blank to enable the outer wall of the inner shell blank to be tightly attached to the outer end ring blank, the outer shell blank, the end ring blank, the inner support blank and the channel tube blank. The end frame and the forming method have the advantages of high utilization rate of raw materials and short processing period.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of superplastic forming, and particularly relates to a special-shaped end frame and a forming method thereof.
Background
In the prior art, the front end face and the rear end face of the special-shaped end frame need to be assembled or welded with other structural parts, so that the requirement on the forming precision is high, and after a blank of the special-shaped end frame is integrally formed in a casting or forging mode, the allowance is removed to a final state through machining.
The forming method has the problems of low utilization rate of raw materials and long processing period, and is difficult to meet the requirements of cost control and large-scale production.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above analysis, the present invention aims to provide a special-shaped end frame and a forming method thereof, which solve the problems of low raw material utilization rate and long processing period of the special-shaped end frame in the prior art.
The purpose of the invention is mainly realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a special-shaped end frame which is sequentially divided into an inner end frame, an interlayer and an outer end frame from inside to outside; the outer end frame comprises an outer end shell and an outer shell connected with the outer end shell; the inner end frame comprises an inner shell; the interlayer comprises an end ring, a channel pipe and an inner support; the end ring is positioned between the outer end shell and the inner shell, one ends of the outer end shell and the inner shell, which correspond to the end ring, are hermetically connected through the end ring, the channel pipe and the inner support are positioned between the outer shell and the inner shell, and the inner shell is respectively in diffusion connection with the outer end shell, the outer shell, the end ring, the channel pipe and the inner support.
Furthermore, the contact surface of the shell and the outer end shell is an annular plane with the thickness of 3-20 mm.
Further, the shell is provided with a shell hole; the number of the shell holes is two, one of the shell holes corresponds to the position of the channel pipe, and the other shell hole corresponds to the position of the inner support.
Further, the inner wall surface and the outer wall surface of the end ring are both cylindrical surface rings; the outer wall surface of the end ring is in diffusion connection with the outer end shell, and the inner wall surface of the end ring is in diffusion connection with the inner shell.
The invention also provides a forming method of the special-shaped end frame, which is used for preparing the special-shaped end frame and comprises the following steps:
step 1: providing a blank of the special-shaped end frame and a die, placing the blank in the die, wherein the blank is sequentially divided into an inner end frame blank, an interlayer blank and an outer end frame blank from inside to outside, and the outer end frame blank comprises an outer end shell blank and an outer shell blank connected with the outer end shell blank; the inner end frame blank comprises an inner shell blank; the interlayer blank comprises an end ring blank, a channel tube blank and an inner support blank; the end ring blank is positioned between the outer end shell blank and the inner shell blank, one ends of the outer end shell blank and the inner shell blank, which correspond to the end ring blank, are hermetically connected through the end ring blank, and the channel tube blank and the inner support blank are positioned between the outer shell blank and the inner shell blank;
step 2: heating the blank and the die to soften the blank;
and step 3: applying pressure to the inner surfaces of the outer end ring blank and the outer shell blank to ensure that the outer walls of the outer end ring blank and the outer shell blank are tightly attached to the inner wall of the mold to finish the superplastic forming of the outer end ring blank and the outer shell blank;
and 4, step 4: applying pressure on the inner surface of the inner shell blank to ensure that the outer wall of the inner shell blank is tightly attached to the outer end ring blank, the outer shell blank, the end ring blank, the inner support blank and the channel tube blank to finish the superplastic forming of the inner shell blank;
and 5: and processing the inner section surfaces of the inner support and the pipe orifice to obtain the special-shaped end frame.
Further, the special-shaped end frame is a titanium alloy special-shaped end frame, and the heating temperature is 850-950 ℃; the special-shaped end frame is an aluminum alloy special-shaped end frame, and the heating temperature is 350-450 ℃.
Further, an inner closed cavity and an outer closed cavity are formed between the outer end frame blank and the inner end frame blank, and the outer walls of the outer end ring blank and the outer shell blank can be tightly attached to the inner wall of the mold through air inflation in the inner closed cavity and the outer closed cavity.
Further, the inner and outer airtight cavities are provided with inner and outer air inlet pipes and inner and outer exhaust pipes.
Further, the blank still includes the gas circuit support of admitting air in the interior outer closed cavity, and the gas circuit support of admitting air uses outer end shell base as the starting point to inside and outside intake pipe as the terminal point, and the outer wall of inside and outside intake pipe is located to the gas circuit support cover of admitting air.
Further, the blank still includes the exhaust gas circuit support in the interior outer closed cavity, and the exhaust gas circuit support uses outer end shell base as the starting point to the inside and outside blast pipe as the terminal point, and the outer wall of inside and outside blast pipe is located to the exhaust gas circuit support cover.
Compared with the prior art, the invention can realize at least one of the following beneficial effects:
according to the special-shaped end frame, the special-shaped end frame is integrally layered, the functional structural component is arranged in the cavity (namely the interlayer) of the inner end frame and the cavity of the outer end frame, then the inner end frame is outwards expanded and tightly connected with the interlayer and the outer end frame in a superplastic forming and diffusion connection mode, so that the integral one-step forming of the special-shaped end frame can be realized, the quantity and time consumption of part manufacturing processes can be reduced, the cost investment of part manufacturing and part assembling can be reduced, the quality index of part-level products can be stabilized, and the product requirements of efficient, intelligent and automatic production can be met.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and drawings.
Drawings
The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating particular embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention, wherein like reference numerals are used to designate like parts throughout.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a special-shaped end frame according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2a is a schematic structural diagram of a blank in a forming method of a profiled end frame according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2b is a schematic structural diagram of a blank of the blank ring of the special-shaped end frame in the forming method of the special-shaped end frame according to the second embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2c is a schematic structural diagram of an outer blank in the method for forming a special-shaped end frame according to the second embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2d is a schematic structural diagram of an inner shell blank in the forming method of the special-shaped end frame according to the second embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2e is a schematic structural diagram of a channel tube blank, a metal inner core and a graphite core in the method for forming the special-shaped end frame according to the second embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2f is a schematic structural view of a pipe support blank in the method for forming a profiled end frame according to the second embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2g is a schematic structural view of an inner support blank and a square brace in the forming method of the special-shaped end frame according to the second embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2h is a schematic structural diagram of a mold in the method for forming the special-shaped end frame according to the second embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2i is a schematic structural diagram of an outer mold in the method for forming the special-shaped end frame according to the second embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2j is a schematic structural diagram of a core mold in the method for forming a special-shaped end frame according to the second embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2k is a schematic structural diagram of a sealing plate in the method for forming a profiled end frame according to the second embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2l is a schematic structural diagram of a process cylinder in the forming method of the special-shaped end frame according to the second embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2m is a schematic view illustrating an assembly of a mold and a blank in the method for forming a profiled end frame according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals:
101-an outer shell; 102-a housing; 103-a tube holder; 104-an inner shell; 105-an end ring; 106-channel tube; 107-internal support.
201-outer end shell blank; 202-shell blank; 203-tube support blank; 204-inner shell blank; 205-channel tube blanks; 206-a metal core; 207-graphite core; 208-inner support blank; 209-square brace rod; 210-an air inlet gas circuit bracket; 211-exhaust gas circuit support; 212-inner and outer air inlet pipes; 213-internal and external exhaust pipes; 214-inner work air inlet pipe.
301-external mold; 302-core mold; 303-closing plate; 304-support column; 305-a drive die; 306-a support block; 307-process cartridge.
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof, and which together with the embodiments of the invention serve to explain the principles of the invention.
Example one
The embodiment provides a special-shaped end frame, which is a layered structure and sequentially comprises an inner end frame, an interlayer and an outer end frame from inside to outside, wherein the outer end frame comprises an outer end shell 101 and an outer shell 102 connected with the outer end shell 101, and the outer end frame is shown in fig. 1; the inner bezel includes an inner shell 104; the sandwich comprises end rings 105, channel tubes 106 and inner supports 107; end ring 105 is located between outer end shell 101 and inner shell 104, the ends of outer end shell 101 and inner shell 104 corresponding to end ring 105 are hermetically connected through end ring 105, channel tube 106 and inner support 107 are located between outer shell 102 and inner shell 104, and inner shell 104 is diffusion-connected with outer end shell 101, outer shell 102, end ring 105, channel tube 106 and inner support 107, respectively.
Compared with the prior art, the heterotypic end frame that this embodiment provided, through with the whole layering of heterotypic end frame, arrange functional structure part in the cavity of interior end frame and outer end frame (being the intermediate layer), then, through superplastic forming and diffusion bonding's mode, make interior end frame outwards expand and with intermediate layer and outer end frame zonulae occludens, thereby can realize the whole one shot forming of heterotypic end frame, can reduce part manufacturing process quantity and time and consume, reduce the part manufacturing, the cost input of part assembly, stabilize the quality index of part level product, satisfy the product demand of high efficiency, intelligence, automated production.
Regarding the shape of the outer end housing 101, specifically, it is a complex curved part, the center of the outer end housing 101 is an opening for the access passage of the installation space in the special-shaped end frame. Along the direction gradually far away from the outer shell 102, the outer end shell 101 comprises a first plane ring, a spherical ring and a second plane ring, the diameter of the first plane ring is larger than that of the second plane ring, the diameter of one end, close to the first plane ring, of the spherical ring is larger than that of one end, close to the second plane ring, of the spherical ring, the first plane ring and the spherical ring and/or the second plane ring and the spherical ring are/is in transition connection in a bridging curved surface mode, a rounding angle mode and the like, and the inner walls of the first plane ring, the spherical ring and the second plane ring are in diffusion connection with the inner shell 104; alternatively, the outer end shell 101 may be a spherical ring, an ellipsoidal ring, or other curved surface, and the outer end shell 101 is diffusion bonded to the inner shell 104.
In order to facilitate the passage of the cables required by the passage tube 106 or the inner support 107 in the sandwich, the outer shell 101 is provided with a cable gland hole for the cables to pass through, and the cross section of the cable gland hole may be circular or rectangular, for example, and the position of the cable gland hole corresponds to the passage tube 106 or the inner support 107. Specifically, the circular hole is an entrance of a cable passage in the passage tube 106 and corresponds to the position of the passage tube 106, and the square hole is an entrance of a cable passage of a component of the inner bracket 107 and corresponds to the position of the inner bracket 107.
For the structure of shell 102, specifically, it is the high strength barrel, and the shell 102 is the annular plane of thickness 3 ~ 20mm with the contact surface of outer end shell 101.
In order to facilitate the passage of the cable, the housing 102 is provided with housing holes, illustratively two, one of which corresponds to the position of the passage tube 106 and the other of which corresponds to the position of the inner support 107.
Specifically, the end ring 105 has a cylindrical annular inner wall surface and an annular outer wall surface, the outer wall surface of the end ring 105 is closely attached to the outer end casing 101, and the inner wall surface of the end ring 105 is closely attached to the inner casing 104, so that a diffusion connection is formed during the manufacturing process, and the end ring 105 is integrated with the outer end casing 101 and the inner casing 104.
In the superplastic forming process of the special-shaped end frame, one surface of the channel pipe 106, which is in contact with the inner shell 104, is always extruded by the inner shell 104, and in order to ensure that the channel pipe 106 is not deformed in the superplastic forming process, the interlayer further comprises a pipe support 103, the channel pipe 106 is supported on the inner wall of the outer shell 102 and the outer wall of the inner shell 104 through the pipe support 103, and the middle of the channel pipe 106 can be prevented from being suspended through the arrangement of the pipe support 103, so that the deformation of the channel pipe 106 in the superplastic forming process can be reduced.
To the structure of pipe holder 103, specifically, it is the U-shaped cross-section thin wall part that the top surface is the arc, including the support body and locate the support body and be close to the arc of passageway pipe 106 one end, passageway pipe 106 is taken on the arc and between the two slidable before the superplastic forming is accomplished, and the two is not welded, and the guarantee forming in-process passageway pipe 106 can slide translation on the arc.
Similarly, the inner support 107 is a pre-embedded high-strength member, and is processed into a thin-wall part after the special-shaped inner channel-containing end frame is integrally formed, and the inner wall of the inner support 107 is formed by machining the outer surface of the outer shell 102 to form the special-shaped inner channel-containing end frame external component mounting window. One end of the inner support 107 close to the outer end shell 101 is a square opening and is used as a connecting cable channel, and the other end of the inner support is communicated with a shell hole on the shell 102 to form an installation window of components in the special-shaped end frame with the inner channel. The inner support 107 has a structure and a processed thickness, exists as a sandwich layer, and has high strength and connection stability. The contact part between the outer surface of the inner bracket 107 and the inner shell 104 forms diffusion connection in the forming process to form a fixed and firm sandwich structure which is not communicated with the inside of the inner shell 104, so as to avoid damaging the internal sealing performance of the cabin.
Example two
The present embodiment provides a method for forming a profiled end frame, referring to fig. 2a to 2m, for preparing the profiled end frame provided in the first embodiment, the method includes the following steps:
step 1: providing a blank and a die of the special-shaped end frame, and placing the blank in the die, wherein the blank is of a layered structure and is sequentially divided into an inner end frame blank, an interlayer blank and an outer end frame blank from inside to outside, and the outer end frame blank comprises an outer end shell blank 201 and an outer shell blank 202 connected with the outer end shell blank 201; the inner end frame blank comprises an inner shell blank 204; the sandwich blank comprises an end ring blank, a channel tube blank 205 and an inner support blank 208; the end ring blank is positioned between the outer end shell blank 201 and the inner shell blank 204, one ends of the outer end shell blank 201 and the inner shell blank 204 corresponding to the end ring blank are connected in a sealing mode through the end ring blank, and the channel tube blank 205 and the inner support blank 208 are positioned between the outer shell blank 202 and the inner shell blank 204;
step 2: heating the blank and the die to soften the blank;
and step 3: applying pressure (e.g., inflating air between the outer shell blank 202 and the inner shell blank 204) to the inner surfaces of the outer end ring blank and the outer shell blank 202 to cause the outer walls of the outer end ring blank and the outer shell blank 202 to be in close contact with the inner wall of the mold, thereby completing the superplastic forming of the outer end ring blank and the outer shell blank 202;
and 4, step 4: applying pressure to the inner surface of the inner shell blank 204 (e.g., inflating the inner shell blank 204) such that the outer wall of the inner shell blank 204 is in close proximity to the outer end ring blank, the outer shell blank 202, the end ring blank, the inner support blank 208, and the channel tube blank 205, completing the superplastic forming of the inner shell blank 204;
and 5: and machining the inner profiles of the inner support 107 and the pipe orifice 109 to obtain the special-shaped end frame.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the method for forming the special-shaped end frame provided by the embodiment are basically the same as those of the special-shaped end frame provided by the embodiment, and are not repeated herein.
Wherein, the contact part of the outer end shell blank 201 and the outer shell blank 202 adopts electron beam or laser seal welding to ensure the requirement of diffusion connection sealing. The contact part of the outer shell blank 202 and the inner shell blank 204 adopts electron beam or laser welding sealing welding to ensure the requirement of diffusion connection sealing, and the laying and the positioning welding of the inner and outer gas circuit brackets and the inner working gas circuit bracket are completed before the sealing welding.
In order to ensure that the channel tube 106 is not deformed in the superplastic forming process, the sandwich blank further comprises a tube support blank 203, the channel tube blank 205 is supported on the inner wall of the shell blank 202 and the inner wall of the outer ring blank through the tube support blank 203, and the tube support blank 203 and the shell blank 202 are connected in a positioning mode through manual argon arc welding; through the setting of pipe support base 203, can avoid passageway pipe 205 middle part unsettled to can reduce the deformation that passageway pipe 205 takes place in superplastic forming process.
The channel tube blank 205 is a blank of the channel tube 106, the top surface is a thin-walled part with a U-shaped section of an arc-shaped plate, the channel tube blank 205 comprises a frame body blank and an arc-shaped plate blank arranged at one end of the frame body blank close to the channel tube blank 205, the channel tube blank 205 is lapped on the arc-shaped plate blank and can slide between the two, the channel tube blank 205 and the arc-shaped plate blank are not welded, and the channel tube blank 205 can slide and move on the arc-shaped plate blank in the forming process.
The tube holder blank 203 is a blank before the tube holder 103 is molded, and both shapes and dimensions thereof are not largely deformed but are only slightly deformed.
And/or, the interlayer blank further comprises a metal inner core 206 and a graphite core 207 sleeved on the outer wall of the metal inner core 206, the graphite core 207 is arranged on the inner wall of the channel tube blank 205 and used for supporting the channel tube blank 205, and the situation that the channel tube blank 205 is squashed due to the fact that the tube wall of the channel tube blank 205 is suspended can be avoided through the metal inner core 206 and the graphite core 207, so that deformation of the channel tube blank 205 in the superplastic forming process can be reduced.
The metal inner core 206 and the graphite core 207 are removable process supports, the metal inner core 206 is made of metal with expansion rate higher than that of the special-shaped end frame material, and the high-pressure formed graphite layer tubular part (namely, the graphite core 207) is sleeved on the outer surface of the metal inner core 206, so that the channel tube blank 205 is prevented from being flattened and deformed in the forming process.
In order to ensure that the inner support 107 is not deformed during the superplastic forming process, the sandwich blank further comprises square support rods 209, and the square support rods 209 are arranged in the channels in the inner support blank 208 and used for supporting the inner support blank 208. Through the arrangement of the square support rods 209, the side walls of the inner support blank 208 can be prevented from being suspended, so that the deformation of the inner support blank 208 in the superplastic forming process can be reduced. Illustratively, the channel tube blank 205, the square support rods 209 and the outer end shell blank 201 are assembled and positioned through manual argon arc welding, the contact part of the inner support blank 208 and the outer shell blank 202 is sealed and welded through electron beam or laser welding to ensure the diffusion connection sealing requirement, and then the channel tube blank is assembled with the outer shell blank 202 and the inner shell blank 204.
The square supporting rod 209 is made of metal which is the same as that of the end frame in order to take out the process support, molybdenum disulfide high-temperature lubricant is coated on the surface of the square supporting rod 209 so as to be taken out conveniently, if the square supporting rod is difficult to take out, the gap between the square supporting rod 209 and the inner support blank 208 can be additionally machined in the blank stage, and whether the square supporting rod is difficult to take out can be obtained by simplifying a high-temperature test of a reduced part, or the square supporting rod is machined from the formed shell 102 by adopting a machining mode after forming, and residual metal is removed by using a chisel.
The inner support blank 208 is a blank of the inner support 107, is a pre-buried high-strength part, is processed into a thin-wall part after the end frame is integrally formed, is machined from the outer wall of the shell 102 to form an inner molded surface, becomes an end frame front end and an end frame external component mounting window, is provided with a square groove for the square support rod 209 to slide in and out, and has a size 0.2-0.4 mm larger than that of the support rod 209.
In the step 3, the heating temperature is 850 to 950 ℃ when the special-shaped end frame is a titanium alloy special-shaped end frame, and the heating temperature is 350 to 450 ℃ when the special-shaped end frame is an aluminum alloy special-shaped end frame.
In order to ensure sufficient diffusion connection between the inner shell blank 204 and the outer shell blank 202 and the outer end shell blank 201 and improve the overall connection strength of the special-shaped end frame, the method between the step 5 and the step 6 further comprises the following steps:
and (3) maintaining the pressure of the blank after superplastic forming, wherein in the pressure maintaining process, the inner shell blank 204 is respectively in diffusion connection with the outer shell blank 202, the outer end shell blank 201, the channel tube blank 205 and the inner support blank 208.
In order to realize the superplastic forming in the forming method, a closed cavity is required to be formed in the inner shell blank 204 and between the inner shell blank 204 and the outer end shell blank 201 and the outer shell blank 202 for applying forming air pressure by inflation, so that for the structure of the die, the structure specifically comprises a core die 302, and a process cylinder 307 and an outer die 301 which are sequentially sleeved on the outer wall of the core die 302, wherein an inner end frame blank, an interlayer blank and an outer end frame blank of the blank are all positioned between the process cylinder 307 and the outer die 301, an inner closed cavity is formed between the outer end frame blank and the inner end frame blank, an inner work closed cavity is formed between the inner end frame blank and the process cylinder 307, the outer walls of the outer end ring blank and the outer shell blank 202 can be tightly attached to the inner wall of the die by inflating the inner closed cavity, the superplastic forming of the outer end ring blank and the outer end shell blank 202 is completed, and the outer wall of the inner shell blank 204 can be tightly attached to the outer end ring blank by inflating the inner work closed cavity, The outer shell blank 202, the end ring blank, the inner support blank 208 and the channel tube blank 205, and the superplastic forming of the inner shell blank 204 is completed.
It should be noted that, because the space of the internal working closed cavity formed by the inner shell blank 204 and the process drum 307 is very limited, and the presence of a small amount of air can be considered to have no influence on the inner shell blank 204 in the superplastic forming process, the internal working closed cavity is not provided with the internal working air outlet pipe, and the internal working closed cavity is pressurized only through the internal working air inlet pipe 214 to provide a driving force for superplastic forming.
In order to realize the air intake and exhaust of the internal and external sealed chamber, the internal and external sealed chamber is provided with an internal and external air intake pipe 212 and an internal and external exhaust pipe 213. On one hand, by opening the inner and outer air inlet pipes 212 and the inner and outer air outlet pipes 213, the inner and outer air inlet pipes 212 are used for air inlet, and the inner and outer air outlet pipes 213 are used for air outlet, the gas replacement of the inner and outer closed cavities can be realized, and the inert gas atmosphere in the inner and outer closed cavities is ensured; on the other hand, the inner and outer air inlet pipes 212 are opened, and the inner and outer air outlet pipes 213 are closed, so that the inner and outer sealed cavities can be inflated, and the driving air pressure for superplastic forming is provided.
Correspondingly, in order to realize air intake and exhaust of the internal work sealed cavity, the internal work air inlet pipe 214 is arranged on the internal work sealed cavity, and the internal work sealed cavity can be restarted by opening the internal work air inlet pipe 214 to provide driving air pressure for superplastic forming.
In order to ensure that the air path in the superplastic forming process is smooth, the blank further comprises an air inlet air path support 210 and an air outlet air path support 211 in the inner and outer closed cavities, the air inlet air path support 210 takes the outer end shell blank 201 as a starting point to the inner and outer air inlet pipes 212 as an end point, the air inlet air path support 210 is sleeved on the outer wall of the inner and outer air inlet pipes 212, the air outlet air path support 211 takes the outer end shell blank 201 as a starting point to the inner and outer air outlet pipes 213 as an end point, the air outlet air path support 211 is sleeved on the outer wall of the inner and outer air outlet pipes 213, and the air inlet air path support 210 and the air outlet air path support 211 are connected with the outer shell blank 202 and the inner shell blank 204 by manual argon arc welding and are required to be communicated with the inner and outer closed cavities. Through the setting of air inlet circuit support 210 and exhaust gas circuit support 211, at the hypervelocity shaping in-process of inner shell base 204, can form tiny gas passage in the both sides of air inlet circuit support 210 and exhaust gas circuit support 211, guarantee that the gas circuit in superplastic forming in-process is unobstructed.
In order to enable the assembly of the blank with the die, the die further includes a core die driving member by which the core die 302 is driven into or out of the outer die 301.
Specifically, the core mold driving member includes a reciprocating motor, a driving mold 305, a support column 304, a closing plate 303, and two support blocks 306, the driving mold 305 being located between the two support blocks 306; the supporting column 304 penetrates through the closing plate 303 and is slidable with the closing plate 303, one end of the supporting column is fixedly connected with the driving die 305, the other end of the supporting column is fixedly connected with the core die 302, one surface, away from the supporting column 304, of the driving die 305 is fixedly connected with an output shaft of the reciprocating motor, the outer shell blank 202, the inner shell blank 204 and the process cylinder 307 are supported on the closing plate 303, and the sealing connection between the outer shell blank 202 and the inner shell blank 204 and the sealing connection between the inner shell blank 204 and the process cylinder 307 are achieved through the closing plate 303. Wherein, the contact position of the inner shell blank 204 and the process cylinder 307 adopts electron beam or laser seal welding to ensure the requirement of diffusion connection sealing, and the laying of the inner work air inlet pipe 214 is completed before seal welding to ensure that the middle interlayer of the inner shell blank 204 and the process cylinder 307 is communicated with the outside. It should be noted that the corresponding positions of the lower surface of the inner shell blank 204 and the upper surface of the process cylinder 307 are both provided with vent grooves, which is convenient for the communication between the inner work closed cavity and the outside after the inner work air inlet pipe 214 is welded.
For the material of the mould, the mould is made of metal with expansion rate higher than that of the material of the special-shaped end frame. The material of the special-shaped end frame is titanium alloy, and correspondingly, the material of the mould can be Ni7N or graphite; the material of the special-shaped end frame is aluminum alloy, and correspondingly, the material of the die can be stainless steel or high-carbon steel; the material of the special-shaped end frame is high-temperature alloy, and correspondingly, the material of the die is Ni7N or graphite; or the material of the special-shaped end frame is composite material or plastic, and the material of the mould is metal material or other material which is not adhered with the product material.
Based on the structure of the blank and the die, the forming method can comprise the following steps:
step a: providing a blank and a die of the special-shaped end frame, placing a supporting column 304, a driving die 305 and a supporting block 306 on a horizontal working table surface, placing a closing plate 303 on the supporting column 304, assembling a core die 302 and the closing plate 303, sleeving the assembled blank and a process cylinder 307 on the core die 302, starting a reciprocating motor, driving the driving die 305 to move towards the direction close to the outer die 301, enabling the core die 302 to enter the outer die 301, and ensuring the closing of the parts;
step b: placing the blank and the die on a bottom working platform of a thermoforming press, opening the inner and outer exhaust pipes 213, inflating (for example, inert gas) from the inner and outer air inlet pipes 212, wherein the inflation pressure is 0.1-0.2 MPa, the inflation time is 45-90 min, replacing air in the inner and outer closed cavities, ensuring the inert gas atmosphere in the inner and outer closed cavities, after replacement is completed, closing the inner and outer exhaust pipes 213, and heating the blank and the die to soften the blank;
step c: increasing the air inlet pressure of the inner and outer air inlet pipes 212 to 2.5-3.5 MPa, continuously applying pressure to the driving die 305, tightly pushing the outer end shell blank 201 at one end of the core die 302 far away from the driving die 305, maintaining the pressure for 30-60 min, enabling the outer end ring blank and the outer wall of the shell blank 202 to be tightly attached to the inner wall of the outer die 301, opening the inner and outer exhaust pipes 213 to release the pressure, and simultaneously reducing the air inlet pressure of the inner and outer air inlet pipes 212 to 0.1-0.2 MPa;
step d: inflating from an inner working air inlet pipe 214, keeping the air inlet pressure at 2.5-3.5 MPa for 2.5-3.5 h, and enabling the outer wall of the inner shell blank 204 to be tightly attached to the outer end ring blank, the shell blank 202, the end ring blank, the inner support blank 208 and the channel tube blank 205;
step e: opening the inner air inlet pipe 214, freely discharging air, cooling the blank to room temperature along with the furnace, and disconnecting the inner air inlet pipe 212 and the outer air inlet pipe 212;
step f: and driving the driving die 305 to move downwards, taking the blank out of the die, and machining the inner profiles of the inner support 107 and the pipe orifice 109 by adopting a machining mode to obtain the special-shaped end frame.
It should be noted that, during diffusion bonding, the blank is completely attached to the inner profile of the outer mold 301 under the action of pressure, and the inner profile of the outer mold 301 may be considered to be the final outer profile of the special-shaped end frame.
In order to further improve the quality of the special-shaped end frame, the step 5 can further comprise the following processing steps:
the inner and outer air inlet pipes 212, the inner and outer air outlet pipes 213, and the inner intake pipe 214 are removed, and the way of removing the pipes is not limited, and for example, laser cutting may be adopted.
The laser cutting removes the process tube 307 and the inner shell blank 204 seal welding electron beam or laser welding seam, so that the process blank is separated from the end frame.
Machining and removing machining allowance of the end frame, and ensuring the size of the characteristic part.
And (3) cleaning the inner surface and the outer surface of the end frame by using high-pressure water to remove the machining cooling liquid, oil and the like which possibly exist on the inner surface and the outer surface of the end frame, and drying the end frame.
And mechanically cleaning exposed ports of the air inlet path bracket 210 and the air outlet path bracket 211, and sealing the air inlet path bracket 210 and the air outlet path bracket 211 by adopting laser cold welding.
And (4) blowing sand or pickling, and performing alkali disintegration to clean the inner surface and the outer surface of the end frame.
In order to improve the corrosion resistance and the wear resistance of the surface, the titanium alloy end frame can be subjected to surface micro-arc oxidation, coloring chemical oxidation and the like, and the aluminum alloy can be subjected to chemical oxidation, dacromet, black or yellow coloring treatment and the like.
In order to improve the surface smoothness, the local hard-to-clean part of the end frame can be polished by using 300-1000-mesh sand paper and an abrasive belt.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A special-shaped end frame is characterized by being sequentially divided into an inner end frame, an interlayer and an outer end frame from inside to outside;
the outer end frame comprises an outer end shell and an outer shell connected with the outer end shell;
the inner bezel includes an inner shell;
the interlayer comprises an end ring, a channel pipe and an inner support;
the end ring is positioned between the outer end shell and the inner shell, one ends of the outer end shell and the inner shell, which correspond to the end ring, are hermetically connected through the end ring, the channel pipe and the inner support are positioned between the outer shell and the inner shell, and the inner shell is respectively in diffusion connection with the outer end shell, the outer shell, the end ring, the channel pipe and the inner support.
2. The special-shaped end frame according to claim 1, wherein the contact surface of the outer shell and the outer end shell is an annular plane with the thickness of 3-20 mm.
3. The profiled end frame of claim 1 wherein the housing is provided with a housing aperture;
the number of the shell holes is two, one of the shell holes corresponds to the position of the channel pipe, and the other shell hole corresponds to the position of the inner support.
4. The profiled end bell of claim 1 wherein the inner and outer wall surfaces of the end ring are both cylindrical surface annular;
the outer wall surface of the end ring is in diffusion connection with the outer end shell, and the inner wall surface of the end ring is in diffusion connection with the inner shell.
5. A method of forming a profiled end bell for use in preparing a profiled end bell as claimed in claims 1 to 4, the method comprising the steps of:
step 1: providing a blank of the special-shaped end frame and a die, placing the blank in the die, wherein the blank is sequentially divided into an inner end frame blank, an interlayer blank and an outer end frame blank from inside to outside, and the outer end frame blank comprises an outer end shell blank and an outer shell blank connected with the outer end shell blank; the inner end frame blank comprises an inner shell blank; the interlayer blank comprises an end ring blank, a channel tube blank and an inner support blank; the end ring blank is positioned between the outer end shell blank and the inner shell blank, one ends of the outer end shell blank and the inner shell blank, which correspond to the end ring blank, are connected in a sealing manner through the end ring blank, and the channel tube blank and the inner support blank are positioned between the outer shell blank and the inner shell blank;
step 2: heating the blank and the die to soften the blank;
and step 3: applying pressure to the inner surfaces of the outer end ring blank and the outer shell blank to ensure that the outer walls of the outer end ring blank and the outer shell blank are tightly attached to the inner wall of the mold to finish the superplastic forming of the outer end ring blank and the outer shell blank;
and 4, step 4: applying pressure on the inner surface of the inner shell blank to ensure that the outer wall of the inner shell blank is tightly attached to the outer end ring blank, the outer shell blank, the end ring blank, the inner support blank and the channel tube blank to finish the superplastic forming of the inner shell blank;
and 5: and processing the inner section surfaces of the inner support and the pipe orifice to obtain the special-shaped end frame.
6. The method for forming the special-shaped end frame according to claim 5, wherein the special-shaped end frame is a titanium alloy special-shaped end frame, and the heating temperature is 850-950 ℃;
the special-shaped end frame is an aluminum alloy special-shaped end frame, and the heating temperature is 350-450 ℃.
7. The method of claim 5, wherein an inner and outer closed cavity is formed between the outer end frame blank and the inner end frame blank, and the outer walls of the outer end ring blank and the outer shell blank are tightly attached to the inner wall of the mold by inflating the inner and outer closed cavity.
8. The method of forming a profiled end frame as defined in claim 7, wherein said inner and outer enclosed cavities are provided with inner and outer air inlet ducts and inner and outer air outlet ducts.
9. The method of forming a profiled end frame of claim 8 wherein the blank further comprises an air inlet channel support in the inner and outer enclosed cavity, the air inlet channel support starting at the outer end shell blank and ending at the inner and outer air inlet tubes, the air inlet channel support being sleeved on the outer walls of the inner and outer air inlet tubes.
10. The method of forming a profiled end frame of claim 8 wherein the blank further comprises an exhaust gas path support in the inner and outer enclosed cavities, the exhaust gas path support starting at the outer end shell blank and ending at the inner and outer exhaust pipes, the exhaust gas path support being sleeved on the outer walls of the inner and outer exhaust pipes.
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| CN113305509A (en) * | 2021-05-26 | 2021-08-27 | 中国航空制造技术研究院 | Preparation method of titanium alloy hollow sandwich structure |
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| GB392635A (en) * | 1931-12-02 | 1933-05-25 | Alexander James Middler | A method of forming outward projections on the walls of hollow forgings or tubes |
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