CN114226445A - Activating agent for electrokinetic remediation of cadmium-contaminated soil and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Activating agent for electrokinetic remediation of cadmium-contaminated soil and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114226445A CN114226445A CN202210050220.XA CN202210050220A CN114226445A CN 114226445 A CN114226445 A CN 114226445A CN 202210050220 A CN202210050220 A CN 202210050220A CN 114226445 A CN114226445 A CN 114226445A
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- cadmium
- soil
- activating agent
- ferric chloride
- activator
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000009393 electroremediation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- BAERPNBPLZWCES-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-hydroxy-1-phosphonoethyl)phosphonic acid Chemical compound OCC(P(O)(O)=O)P(O)(O)=O BAERPNBPLZWCES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910021578 Iron(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 17
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002738 chelating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005067 remediation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorous acid Chemical compound OP(O)=O ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 2
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 231100000053 low toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006065 biodegradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- XIEPJMXMMWZAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium nitrate Inorganic materials [Cd+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O XIEPJMXMMWZAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013522 chelant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010668 complexation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005370 electroosmosis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100001240 inorganic pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- NMHMNPHRMNGLLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N phloretic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 NMHMNPHRMNGLLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003802 soil pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/08—Reclamation of contaminated soil chemically
- B09C1/085—Reclamation of contaminated soil chemically electrochemically, e.g. by electrokinetics
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an activating agent for electrokinetic remediation of cadmium-contaminated soil and a preparation method thereof, wherein hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid and ferric chloride are used as a composite activating agent to be combined, so that the leaching efficiency of heavy metals can be greatly improved, and compared with the traditional method of using single organic acid or single ferric chloride, the activating agent has the advantages of lower energy consumption, lower environmental hazard and higher removal efficiency.
Description
[ technical field ] A method for producing a semiconductor device
The invention relates to the technical field of soil remediation, in particular to an activating agent for electrokinetic remediation of cadmium-contaminated soil and a preparation method thereof.
[ background of the invention ]
In soil, there are 8 main inorganic pollutants (Cd, Hg, As, etc.), wherein the most serious soil pollutant is Cd, and the content exceeding rate of Cd is 7%. As is well known, cadmium is harmful to human health and natural environment, and the treatment of cadmium-polluted soil is one of the problems which are urgently needed to be solved in China. Soil remediation techniques (such as phytoremediation, microbial immobilization, passivator techniques, electrokinetic remediation, etc.) have been widely applied to cadmium-contaminated soil. Of these techniques, electrokinetic remediation has been proven by many laboratory and field experiments to be a promising technique for remediation of fine-grained contaminated soils. Metal contaminants in soil may exist in a mobile state or in a stationary state, and only metals present in an active state can be extracted from the soil by electrokinetic techniques. Thus, in many cases, enhanced techniques are needed to dissolve and maintain metal contaminants in a mobile state.
The activator is added before electrokinetic remediation to convert the heavy metal cadmium from a stable state to a movable state, so that the electrokinetic efficiency can be greatly improved. Examples of the commonly used activating agent include inorganic activating agents (such as acids, bases and salts), surfactants (such as ionic and nonionic types), and chelating agents (such as artificial chelating agents and natural chelating agents). Although inorganic activators, surfactants and the like have good restoration efficiency, the defects of high price and cost, poor biodegradability and the like exist in the process of changing the physical and chemical properties and the fertility of soil.
Hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid (HEDP) is used as an organic phosphonic acid, has low toxicity, is easy to biodegrade, and has strong chelating capacity and the potential of strengthening the electrokinetic remediation of metal contaminated soil. The ferric chloride has mild chemical property, better repairing efficiency and less damage to the soil structure. Although both have been demonstrated to promote electroosmotic flow and desorption of metal contaminants in soil, their potential use as electrokinetic activators in electrokinetic techniques has not been extensively studied.
[ summary of the invention ]
Aiming at the defects of changing the physical and chemical properties and soil fertility of the inorganic activating agent and the surfactant for repairing the soil in the prior art, higher price cost, poorer biodegradability and the like, the invention provides the activating agent for electrically repairing the cadmium-polluted soil and the preparation method thereof.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the preparation method of the activator for electrokinetic remediation of the cadmium-contaminated soil comprises the following steps:
1) respectively preparing 0.2mol/L hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid and 0.05mol/L ferric chloride solution;
2) mixing the hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid solution prepared in the step 1) and the ferric chloride solution according to the volume ratio of 1:1, and uniformly stirring to obtain the activator for electrically repairing the cadmium-polluted soil.
The invention also relates to an activator for electrokinetic remediation of cadmium-contaminated soil, which is obtained by adopting the preparation method of the activator for electrokinetic remediation of cadmium-contaminated soil.
The invention also aims to provide a method for electrically repairing cadmium-polluted soil, which comprises the following steps:
1) respectively preparing 0.2mol/L hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid and 0.05mol/L ferric chloride solution;
2) mixing the hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid solution prepared in the step 1) and the ferric chloride solution according to the volume ratio of 1:1, and uniformly stirring to obtain an activating agent for electrically repairing the cadmium-polluted soil;
3) uniformly mixing the activating agent for electrically repairing the cadmium polluted soil obtained in the step 2) with the cadmium polluted soil according to the soil-water ratio of 4:1, putting the mixture into an electrolytic chamber, and continuously treating the mixture for 24 hours by adopting a direct current voltage gradient of 1.0V/cm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the activating agent for electrically repairing the cadmium polluted soil has the advantages of low toxicity of hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid, easily obtained raw materials, low price, and easy biodegradation of organic phosphonic acid chelate generated with cadmium; the ferric chloride promotes the cadmium in the soil to migrate to the soil solution mainly through the actions of ion exchange, complexation or acid dissolution and the like, thereby achieving the purpose of removing the cadmium.
2. The method for electrically repairing cadmium-polluted soil has good activation effect on soil cadmium, lower energy consumption, smaller soil disturbance and better cadmium removal effect, the cadmium content before treatment is 15.38mg/L, the cadmium content after treatment is 0.7038mg/L, the removal rate can reach 95.42%, and the phase ratio is equal to that of the cadmium in the soilCompared with the single organic acid, the removal rate of 75.10 percent is improved, and the energy consumption is 70.625kWh/m3。
[ detailed description ] embodiments
The following examples are provided to further illustrate the embodiments of the present invention.
Example 1:
the preparation method of the activator for electrokinetic remediation of the cadmium-contaminated soil comprises the following steps:
1) respectively preparing 0.2mol/L hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid and 0.05mol/L ferric chloride solution;
2) mixing the hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid solution prepared in the step 1) and the ferric chloride solution according to the volume ratio of 1:1, and uniformly stirring to obtain the activator for electrically repairing the cadmium-polluted soil.
The activator for electrically repairing the cadmium-polluted soil is obtained by adopting the preparation method of the activator for electrically repairing the cadmium-polluted soil.
Example 2:
a method for electrokinetic remediation of cadmium-contaminated soil comprises the following steps:
1) respectively preparing 0.2mol/L hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid and 0.05mol/L ferric chloride solution;
2) mixing the hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid solution prepared in the step 1) and the ferric chloride solution according to the volume ratio of 1:1, and uniformly stirring to obtain an activating agent for electrically repairing the cadmium-polluted soil;
3) uniformly mixing the activating agent for electrically repairing the cadmium polluted soil obtained in the step 2) with the cadmium polluted soil according to the soil-water ratio of 4:1, putting the mixture into an electrolytic chamber, and continuously treating the mixture for 24 hours by adopting a direct current voltage gradient of 1.0V/cm.
Example (c);
the invention is verified in an experimental device for simulating electric restoration:
the electric restoration experimental tank is made of organic glass and mainly comprises three parts, namely a soil chamber (the length is multiplied by the width is multiplied by the height to be 10.0cm multiplied by 4cm multiplied by 9.0cm) and two electrode chambers (the length is multiplied by the width is multiplied by the height to be 5.5cm multiplied by 4cm multiplied by 9.0cm), a baffle plate and filter paper are connected to two ends of the soil chamber, 230g of cadmium-polluted kaolin (prepared from 200.00g of air-dried kaolin and 120.00mL of 120mg/L cadmium nitrate solution) is filled into the soil chamber for treatment, and all electric restoration experiments are carried out at room temperature without any pH control;
the anode and cathode used for electric restoration are graphite plate-shaped electrodes (10.0cm multiplied by 3.0cm multiplied by 1.0cm), are continuously treated for 24 hours by adopting a direct current voltage gradient of 1.0V/cm, and are added into a soil chamber to be fully stirred by adopting a mixed solution of 0.2mol/L hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid and 0.05mol/L ferric chloride solution as an activating agent according to the soil-water ratio of 4:1, and then are added into an electrolysis chamber.
After the electric repairing treatment is finished, equally dividing the soil in the soil chamber into five equal parts for sampling, wherein the numbers from the anode to the cathode are respectively S1 to S5; weighing 3.000g of air-dried and sieved soil into a 50mL centrifuge tube, adding 27.00mL of 1.00mol/L hydrochloric acid solution, shaking the centrifuge tube for 6h at a speed of 200rpm, centrifuging the centrifuge tube for 15min at a speed of 4000rpm, filtering supernatant by using a filter head of 0.45 mu m, and measuring cadmium in the solution by using a flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer.
And (3) test results:
1. the cadmium content before treatment in Exp-04 is 15.38mg/L, the cadmium content after treatment is 0.7038mg/L, the removal rate can reach 95.42 percent, and the energy consumption is 70.625kWh/m3The composite activator is shown to convert heavy metal cadmium from a stable state to a mobile state and reduce energy consumption.
2. In the Exp-05, the cadmium content before treatment is 15.38mg/L, the cadmium content after treatment is 0.4890mg/L, the removal rate reaches 96.82%, the removal rate is not much different from that of 24h of electric restoration, but the energy consumption is twice of that of 24h of electric restoration, and the cost performance is not high, so that the time of 24h of electric restoration is preferably selected.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical concept and features of the present invention, and the purpose thereof is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the contents of the present invention and implement the present invention accordingly, and not to limit the protection scope of the present invention accordingly. All equivalent changes or modifications made in accordance with the spirit of the present disclosure are intended to be covered by the scope of the present disclosure.
Claims (3)
1. The preparation method of the activator for electrokinetic remediation of cadmium-contaminated soil is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
1) respectively preparing 0.2mol/L hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid and 0.05mol/L ferric chloride solution;
2) mixing the hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid solution prepared in the step 1) and the ferric chloride solution according to the volume ratio of 1:1, and uniformly stirring to obtain the activator for electrically repairing the cadmium-polluted soil.
2. An activator for electrokinetic remediation of cadmium contaminated soil, comprising: the activator for electrokinetic remediation of soil contaminated with cadmium as claimed in claim 1.
3. A method for electrically restoring cadmium contaminated soil is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
1) respectively preparing 0.2mol/L hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid and 0.05mol/L ferric chloride solution;
2) mixing the hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid solution prepared in the step 1) and the ferric chloride solution according to the volume ratio of 1:1, and uniformly stirring to obtain an activating agent for electrically repairing the cadmium-polluted soil;
3) uniformly mixing the activating agent for electrically repairing the cadmium polluted soil obtained in the step 2) with the cadmium polluted soil according to the soil-water ratio of 4:1, putting the mixture into an electrolytic chamber, and continuously treating the mixture for 24 hours by adopting a direct current voltage gradient of 1.0V/cm.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210050220.XA CN114226445A (en) | 2022-01-17 | 2022-01-17 | Activating agent for electrokinetic remediation of cadmium-contaminated soil and preparation method thereof |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210050220.XA CN114226445A (en) | 2022-01-17 | 2022-01-17 | Activating agent for electrokinetic remediation of cadmium-contaminated soil and preparation method thereof |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN114226445A true CN114226445A (en) | 2022-03-25 |
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| CN202210050220.XA Pending CN114226445A (en) | 2022-01-17 | 2022-01-17 | Activating agent for electrokinetic remediation of cadmium-contaminated soil and preparation method thereof |
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Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103586276A (en) * | 2013-11-25 | 2014-02-19 | 辽宁石油化工大学 | Drip washing method for remedying cadmium-contaminated soil |
| WO2016029731A1 (en) * | 2014-08-27 | 2016-03-03 | 中国水稻研究所 | Activator for soil heavy metal and preparation method therefor |
| CN106269843A (en) * | 2016-11-02 | 2017-01-04 | 中建中环工程有限公司 | The in-situ remediation method of one heavy metal species organic co-contaminated soil |
| CN106391690A (en) * | 2016-06-01 | 2017-02-15 | 浙江省农业科学院 | Method for improving remediation effect of cadmium polluted soil |
| AU2021105128A4 (en) * | 2021-08-09 | 2021-10-07 | Ludong University | Acid soil activator for cadmium, copper and zin contaminated soil and preparation method thereof |
| CN113736471A (en) * | 2021-09-22 | 2021-12-03 | 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 | Cadmium-lead-arsenic contaminated soil composite eluting agent and preparation method thereof |
-
2022
- 2022-01-17 CN CN202210050220.XA patent/CN114226445A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103586276A (en) * | 2013-11-25 | 2014-02-19 | 辽宁石油化工大学 | Drip washing method for remedying cadmium-contaminated soil |
| WO2016029731A1 (en) * | 2014-08-27 | 2016-03-03 | 中国水稻研究所 | Activator for soil heavy metal and preparation method therefor |
| CN106391690A (en) * | 2016-06-01 | 2017-02-15 | 浙江省农业科学院 | Method for improving remediation effect of cadmium polluted soil |
| CN106269843A (en) * | 2016-11-02 | 2017-01-04 | 中建中环工程有限公司 | The in-situ remediation method of one heavy metal species organic co-contaminated soil |
| AU2021105128A4 (en) * | 2021-08-09 | 2021-10-07 | Ludong University | Acid soil activator for cadmium, copper and zin contaminated soil and preparation method thereof |
| CN113736471A (en) * | 2021-09-22 | 2021-12-03 | 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 | Cadmium-lead-arsenic contaminated soil composite eluting agent and preparation method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20220325 |