CN114218831A - General blasting numerical simulation method - Google Patents
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011439 discrete element method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241000282414 Homo sapiens Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000005094 computer simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
- G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
- G06F30/23—Design optimisation, verification or simulation using finite element methods [FEM] or finite difference methods [FDM]
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2119/00—Details relating to the type or aim of the analysis or the optimisation
- G06F2119/14—Force analysis or force optimisation, e.g. static or dynamic forces
Abstract
The invention discloses a general blasting numerical simulation method, which comprises the following steps: establishing a blasting two-dimensional geometric model; dividing entity unit grids; inserting joint units or interface units for bonding between adjacent solid units in the area outside the blast hole; modeling the detonation process of the explosive package and calculating the moment when the detonation waves are transmitted to each entity unit in the blast hole area for the first time; applying a time-varying strain increment to a corresponding solid element within the borehole; and converting the strain increment into a stress increment, applying the stress increment to a corresponding entity unit, performing mechanical fracture calculation to obtain a stress field, and judging whether the joint unit is fractured. The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention utilizes the characteristic that the crack expands along the boundary of the solid units, and inserts the joint unit or the interface unit which plays a role of bonding between the adjacent solid units in the area outside the blast hole, so that the crack expansion and the grid repartition do not need to be tracked when the crack initiation, the crack expansion and the intersection are simulated, and the fracture and the breakage problems of any complexity can be very conveniently simulated. Finally, the method can be used for realizing the simulation of the whole blasting process of materials such as soil, rock, concrete and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a numerical simulation method, in particular to a general blasting numerical simulation method.
Background
Blasting technology is widely used in the construction and reconstruction of various infrastructures in mines, railways, traffic, water conservancy and hydropower engineering and cities. The explosive in blasting engineering is one of the most dangerous and difficult to handle equipment in the engineering used by human beings so far, and how to scientifically and safely apply blasting technology to achieve a specific engineering purpose is a problem which needs attention at present. The quality of the blasting effect is closely related to the blasting scheme and the selection of the blasting parameters. Therefore, before the on-site blasting construction is implemented, an effective means is needed to evaluate the selection of the blasting scheme and the blasting parameters and optimize the blasting scheme and the blasting parameters according to the evaluation result. With the development of computer hardware and computational simulation technology, the numerical simulation method becomes an effective means for evaluating the blasting scheme and blasting parameters, and the numerical simulation result can provide guidance for optimizing the blasting scheme. Due to the fracture, breakage and collision of materials involved in the blasting process, the conventional numerical methods such as a finite element method and a particle discrete element method are difficult to model the blasting problem well. For example, a finite element method generally adopts a life-dead cell method to model the blast damage, but this results in non-conservation of quality in the simulation process, and it is difficult to model the block splash and the like generated in the blast process. The block discrete element has good effect on simulating collision, movement, accumulation and the like of the block, but has insufficient capability on simulating block fracture and breakage. Although the particle discrete element can better model the processes of material fracture, breakage, movement, collision, accumulation and the like, the input parameters cannot correspond to the material parameters measured by the test, and complicated parameter calibration is needed. Therefore, the methods still have many problems in simulating the blasting of the geotechnical materials and the concrete materials.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a general blasting simulation method which can carry out numerical simulation on blasting in soil, rock, concrete or other materials aiming at the defects of the prior art.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a general blasting numerical simulation method comprises the following steps:
s1: establishing a blasting geometric model, and dividing a blast hole area and a blast hole outer area by a blast hole boundary in the model;
s2: dividing a finite element grid of a solid unit: respectively dividing entity unit finite element grids for a blast hole area and an area outside the blast hole, wherein entity units on two sides of the boundary of the two area models do not share a node;
s3: inserting a joint unit between adjacent solid units in the area outside the blast hole;
s4: modeling the detonation process of the explosive package in the blast hole area after the explosive is charged, and calculating the moment when the detonation waves are transmitted to each entity unit in the blast hole area for the first time;
s5: at the moment t when the detonation wave first reaches the first entity unit in the blast hole arealApplying a strain increment which changes along with time to a corresponding first entity unit in the blast hole as an initial moment;
s6: converting the strain increment into a stress increment according to the stress-strain constitutive relation;
s7, applying the stress increment to the corresponding first entity unit to perform mechanical fracture calculation, calculating the tensile stress or the shear stress of all joint units outside the blasthole area to obtain a stress field, and judging whether the tensile stress or the shear stress exceeds the tensile strength or the shear strength of the structure of the area outside the blast, thereby deducing which joint units are fractured, namely completing the blasting simulation calculation within a time step;
s8: and circularly repeating the steps S3-S7, performing mechanical fracture calculation on the entity units of the whole blast hole area, judging whether the joint unit is fractured or not every time of calculation, obtaining a stress field outside the whole blast hole area, and realizing simulation of the whole blasting process.
According to the above scheme, in S2, the solid element finite element mesh may be one or more of a triangle, a quadrangle, a pentagon, or any other polygon.
According to the above scheme, in S4, the detonation wave is transmitted to the first entity unit at the time tlThe calculating method of (2):
let the coordinate of the initiation point be (x)0,y0) The coordinate of the central point of the first solid unit in the blast hole area is (x)l,yl) The propagation velocity of the detonation wave is v (in m/s), and the unit vector along the axial direction of the blast hole and aligned with the propagation direction of the detonation wave is n ═ e1,e2) This is a known quantity, then tlComprises the following steps:
according to the above scheme, in S5, the strain increment is delta epsilonijThe relationship with time can be expressed as:
in the formula: l is the number of the solid unit in the blast hole area; deltaijIs a permutated tensor; epsilonmaxThe maximum expansion strain occurring for a solid element; f (x) is a dimensionless function with a maximum value of 1 and a minimum value of 0.
According to the scheme, in S6, the stress increment delta sigma applied to any triangular unit I in the blast holeijComprises the following steps:
in formula (3): k*For bulk modulus, for plane stress problems, K*6KG/(3K +4G), for plane strain problem K*K is the bulk modulus.
According to the scheme, in S7, the mechanical fracture calculation and the stress field acquisition can be calculated by a finite element method, a mixed finite-discrete element method, a discontinuous deformation analysis method or a numerical value popular method.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method comprises the steps of establishing a model, dividing solid unit grids, simulating a blasting process, carrying out fracture calculation on solid units in a blast hole area and obtaining a stress field, and realizing the simulation of the blasting process; the invention utilizes the characteristic that the crack expands along the boundary of the solid units, and inserts the joint unit or the interface unit which plays a role of bonding between the adjacent solid units in the area outside the blast hole, so that the crack expansion and the grid repartition do not need to be tracked when the crack initiation, the crack expansion and the intersection are simulated, and the fracture and the breakage problems of any complexity can be very conveniently simulated.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a geometric model in this embodiment.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of solid unit meshing of a blast hole region and a region outside a blast hole in a model.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a joint unit.
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating the starting time t of the entity unit in the keyhole area in the present embodimentlAnd (4) calculating.
FIG. 5 is a first exemplary curve of the function f (t) in this embodiment.
FIG. 6 is a second exemplary curve of the function f (t) in this embodiment.
Detailed Description
For a better understanding of the present invention, reference is made to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Examples
A general blasting numerical simulation method comprises the following steps:
s1: and establishing a blasting two-dimensional geometric model, and dividing a blast hole area and a blast hole outer area by using a blast hole boundary in the model, wherein the area positioned inside the blast hole boundary is the blast hole area, and the rest are the blast hole outer area. There may be any number of blast hole regions in a geometric model, and for simplicity only one blast hole region is shown here, as shown in figure 1.
S2: dividing a finite element grid of a solid unit: and respectively dividing the solid element finite element grids for the blast hole area and the area outside the blast hole.
The shape and size of the finite element mesh of the entity unit can be different, and can be one or more of a triangle, a quadrangle, a pentagon, a two-dimensional voronoi unit or other arbitrary polygons; the entity element finite element grids in the blast hole area are completely independent of the entity element finite element grids in the area outside the blast hole, and the entity elements on the two sides of the boundary of the two area models do not share a node. In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the solid element finite element mesh is a triangle.
S3: a joint unit or an interface unit for adhesion is inserted between adjacent solid units in the area outside the blast hole, as shown in fig. 3. If the joint unit or the interface unit is inserted into the adjacent entity unit, the initiation and propagation of the crack can be simulated by the fracture of the joint unit or the interface unit (if the joint unit and the interface unit are not inserted into the adjacent entity unit, the initiation and propagation of the crack can be simulated by separating the entity units on both sides of the common plane, which is the prior art and is not described herein again).
S4: in the blast hole area after charging, modeling is carried out on the detonation process of the explosive package, which solid units need to be activated and stress increment is determined according to the detonation velocity, the coordinate of the center point of the solid unit and the coordinate of the initiation point (specifically, the initial moment when the detonation wave is transmitted to the corresponding solid unit is determined according to the axial distance between the center point of the solid unit and the initiation point, and the time when the detonation wave is transmitted to each solid unit in the blast hole area for the first time can be determined by combining the detonation duration time, and the time when the detonation wave is transmitted to each solid unit in the blast hole area for the first time is calculated.
With known detonation velocities, the detonation wave propagates axially along the bore from the initiation point. As shown in FIG. 4, let the coordinates of the initiation point be (x)0,y0) The coordinate of the central point of the first solid unit in the blast hole area is (x)l,yl) The propagation velocity of the detonation wave is v (in m/s), and the unit vector along the axial direction of the blast hole and aligned with the propagation direction of the detonation wave is n ═ e1,e2) A known amount, the detonation wave is transmitted to the first physical unit at the time tlComprises the following steps:
in this embodiment, the coordinates of the central point of the ith entity unit in the blast hole area can be obtained by averaging the coordinates of the three nodes of the triangular mesh of the entity unit.
S5: at the moment t when the detonation wave first reaches the first entity unit in the blast hole arealApplying a time-varying strain increment delta epsilon to the corresponding first solid element in the borehole as the starting timeij(the unit ij represents a tensor), the strain increment Δ εijMay be expressed as a function of time.
Increase in strain Δ εijThe relationship with time can be expressed as:
in the formula: l is the number of the solid unit in the blast hole area; deltaijIs a permutated tensor; epsilonmaxThe maximum expansion strain occurring for a solid element; f (x) is a dimensionless function with a maximum value of 1 and a minimum value of 0, and may be a piecewise function of a solid unit or any other functional form as long as the functional form can represent the consistent actual blasting effect, and typical functional forms of f (x) are shown in fig. 5 and 6.
S6: converting the strain increment into a stress increment delta sigma according to the stress-strain constitutive relationij。
In this embodiment, the stress increment Δ σ applied to any triangular solid unit l in the blast holeijComprises the following steps:
in the formula (3), K*For bulk modulus, for plane stress problems, K*6KG/(3K +4G), for plane strain problem K*K is the bulk modulus. This embodiment is a planar strain problem.
S7: and (3) applying the stress increment in the formula (3) to a corresponding l-th solid unit to perform mechanical fracture calculation, calculating the tensile stress or the shear stress of all joint units outside the blast hole area to obtain a stress field, judging whether the tensile stress or the shear stress exceeds the tensile strength or the shear strength of the structure of the area outside the blast, and deducing which joint units are fractured, namely completing the blasting simulation calculation within a time step.
Under the action of the pressure increment, the solid units in the blast hole area move to the periphery of the blast hole and contact with the solid units outside the blast hole boundary (the solid units in the area outside the blast hole), so that the joint units or the interface units in the area outside the blast hole are broken, the broken joint units or interface units are deleted, or the solid units on two sides of the common edge are separated, and the crack expansion and even the fracture of the area outside the blast hole are simulated.
The mechanical fracture calculation and the acquisition of the stress field can be calculated by a Finite Element (FEM) method, a mixed finite-discrete element (FDEM) method, a Discrete Element (DEM) method, a Discontinuous Deformation Analysis (DDA) method or a numerical prevalence (NMM) method, which are all the prior art and are not described herein again. In this embodiment, for example, the FDEM method is used to perform mechanical fracture calculation, apply a corresponding stress increment to a solid unit in a blast hole region, then perform FDEM mechanical fracture calculation (the FDEM may process fracture and contact), and determine whether a joint unit fractures, that is, complete blasting simulation calculation within one time step.
S8: and circularly repeating the steps S3-S7, performing mechanical fracture calculation on all the entity units of the whole blast hole area, judging whether the joint unit outside the blast hole area is fractured or not every time of calculation, and obtaining a stress field outside the whole blast hole area.
In the invention, the tensile strength/shear strength of different materials are different, the calculated tensile stress or shear stress of the joint unit is compared with the tensile strength or shear strength of different materials and judged, and the simulation of the whole blasting process of different materials such as soil, rock, concrete and the like can be realized by circulating the steps.
The features of the embodiments and embodiments described herein above may be combined with each other without conflict. The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (6)
1. A general blasting numerical simulation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: establishing a blasting geometric model, and dividing a blast hole area and a blast hole outer area by a blast hole boundary in the model;
s2: dividing a finite element grid of a solid unit: respectively dividing entity unit finite element grids for a blast hole area and an area outside the blast hole, wherein entity units on two sides of the boundary of the two area models do not share a node;
s3: inserting a joint unit between adjacent solid units in the area outside the blast hole;
s4: modeling the detonation process of the explosive package in the blast hole area after the explosive is charged, and calculating the moment when the detonation waves are transmitted to each entity unit in the blast hole area for the first time;
s5: at the moment t when the detonation wave first reaches the first entity unit in the blast hole arealApplying a strain increment which changes along with time to a corresponding first entity unit in the blast hole as an initial moment;
s6: converting the strain increment into a stress increment according to the stress-strain constitutive relation;
s7, applying the stress increment to the corresponding first entity unit to perform mechanical fracture calculation, calculating the tensile stress or the shear stress of all joint units outside the blasthole area to obtain a stress field, and judging whether the tensile stress or the shear stress exceeds the tensile strength or the shear strength of the structure of the area outside the blast, thereby deducing which joint units are fractured, namely completing the blasting simulation calculation within a time step;
s8: and circularly repeating the steps S3-S7, performing mechanical fracture calculation on the entity units of the whole blast hole area, judging whether the joint unit is fractured or not every time of calculation, obtaining a stress field outside the whole blast hole area, and realizing simulation of the whole blasting process.
2. A method for universal numerical simulation of blasting of claim 1, wherein in S2, the solid element finite element mesh may be one or more of a triangle, a quadrilateral, a pentagon, or any other polygon.
3. A universal numerical blast simulation method according to claim 1, wherein the detonation wave is propagated to the l-th physical unit at time t in S4lThe calculating method of (2):
let the coordinate of the initiation point be (x)0,y0) The coordinate of the central point of the first solid unit in the blast hole area is (x)l,yl) The propagation velocity of the detonation wave is v (in m/s), and the unit vector along the axial direction of the blast hole and aligned with the propagation direction of the detonation wave is n ═ e1,e2) This is a known quantity, then tlComprises the following steps:
4. a general blasting numerical simulation method according to claim 1, wherein in S5, the strain increment Δ ∈ is increasedijThe relationship with time can be expressed as:
in the formula: l is the number of the solid unit in the blast hole area; deltaijIs a permutated tensor; epsilonmaxThe maximum expansion strain occurring for a solid element; f (x) is a dimensionless function with a maximum value of 1 and a minimum value of 0.
5. A general blasting numerical simulation method according to claim 1, wherein in S6, the stress increment Δ σ applied to any triangular unit cell i in the blasthole is Δ σijComprises the following steps:
in formula (3): k*For bulk modulus, for plane stress problems, K*6KG/(3K +4G), for plane strain problem K*K is the bulk modulus.
6. A general blasting numerical simulation method according to claim 1, wherein in S7, the mechanical fracture calculation and the stress field acquisition are calculated by a finite element method, a mixed finite-discrete element method, a discontinuous deformation analysis method or a numerical prevalence method.
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