CN114218753A - Elasticity evaluation system for power distribution network under typhoon disaster and two-stage elasticity improvement method thereof - Google Patents
Elasticity evaluation system for power distribution network under typhoon disaster and two-stage elasticity improvement method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a power distribution network elasticity evaluation system under typhoon disasters and a two-stage elasticity improvement method thereof. According to the method, the elasticity of the whole disaster affected stage of the power distribution network is improved through emergency resource allocation and scheduling in two stages before and during the disaster. The method can perform elasticity evaluation on the power distribution network under typhoon disasters, and improve the disaster resistance capability of the power distribution network by implementing different strategies, thereby improving the elasticity of the power distribution network.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of scheduling of a power distribution network for extreme disasters, in particular to a power distribution network elasticity evaluation system under typhoon disasters and a two-stage elasticity improvement method thereof.
Background
In recent years, with the continuous development, expansion and improvement of power distribution networks in China, the stable power supply has more and more important significance for the orderly progress of national economic activities. However, the characteristics of complex structure and weak safe operation environment of the power distribution network and the increasing frequency of typhoon meteorological disasters bring great challenges to the power distribution network. These low probability-high risk disaster events not only cause damage to a large number of devices in a short time, but also increase the difficulty of recovering the system to normal, thereby causing a large-area and long-time power failure accident. Therefore, the term "elasticity" is concerned by the electric power field, and aims to strengthen the perception and the coordination of the power distribution network and further improve the resisting capability and the restoring force of the power distribution network when the power distribution network faces extreme disasters. However, at the present stage, the elasticity evaluation method for the power distribution network in the extreme disaster is still in the starting stage, elasticity indexes are mostly established based on load nodes with the same weight coefficient, the importance of node loads is not considered, and a set of complete evaluation system for comparing and analyzing different elasticity improvement strategies is not formed.
The elasticity of the power grid refers to preventive capability, real-time scheduling capability and recovery capability of the system in the face of extreme disaster events. Different from traditional reliability and safety evaluation, the elastic power distribution network mainly focuses on multiple N-k fault events, and under the condition that the power distribution network is damaged in a large area and cannot meet all requirements of loads, system network topology, unit output and the like are adjusted, node loads are properly reduced, and overall benefit maximization is achieved on the premise that safe operation of the power distribution network is guaranteed. However, at present, measures for improving the elasticity of the power distribution network at home and abroad mainly start from two stages before and after a disaster, the elasticity of the power distribution network is improved mainly by reinforcing equipment before the disaster and utilizing emergency resources after the disaster, and research on an elasticity improving method combining the stages in the disaster is still less.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, provides a power distribution network elasticity evaluation system under typhoon disasters and a two-stage elasticity improvement method thereof, can perform elasticity evaluation on the power distribution network under typhoon disasters, and improves the disaster resistance capability of the power distribution network by implementing different strategies, thereby improving the elasticity of the power distribution network. Therefore, the method is also suitable for disaster early warning and scheme formulation of the power distribution network for dealing with extreme disasters, and provides reference for design of the power distribution network emergency plan.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows: an elasticity evaluation system for a power distribution network under a typhoon disaster is disclosed, wherein the power distribution network is a power distribution network composed of an overhead line, a tower, a switch device, a distribution transformer, a load, some accessory facilities and the like; the elasticity evaluation system mainly aims at different strategies, simulates the disaster situation of the power distribution network and compares the advantages and disadvantages of the different strategies, and comprises the following functional modules:
the elastic lifting strategy module is used for realizing the function of formulating the elastic lifting strategy for lifting the power distribution network;
the power distribution network response simulation module is used for realizing the functions of simulating the power distribution network disaster and the recovery process according to the forecast information of the meteorological disaster, the geographical position information of the power distribution network, the line reliability curve and the restoration model;
the elastic curve drawing module is used for drawing a power distribution network average state curve graph according to the power supply condition of the power distribution network weighted load in different sampling scenes;
the elastic index calculation module is used for realizing the functions of calculating a plurality of elastic indexes and quantifying the elasticity of the power distribution network according to the power distribution network average state curve graph obtained by simulation;
and the strategy comparison and analysis module is used for comprehensively comparing the elastic curves and analyzing a plurality of elastic indexes to realize the function of comparing the advantages and disadvantages of different elastic promotion strategies.
Further, the elasticity promotion strategy module divides the disaster receiving process of the power distribution network into three stages of pre-disaster, middle disaster and post-disaster according to the situation of the typhoon disaster, and respectively adopts corresponding strategies to promote the elasticity of the power distribution network, and the elasticity promotion strategy module comprises a pre-disaster prevention strategy unit, a middle disaster prevention strategy unit and a post-disaster recovery strategy unit, wherein:
the pre-disaster prevention strategy unit is used for describing preparation work of the power distribution network before the disaster crosses the border;
the disaster resisting strategy unit is used for describing emergency work of the power distribution network when a disaster crosses the border;
and the post-disaster recovery strategy unit is used for describing recovery work of the power distribution network after the disaster leaves the disaster.
Further, the simulation power distribution network response module simulates the power distribution network disaster situation according to the strategy specified by the elastic lifting strategy module, and comprises a gridding unit, a typhoon disaster unit, a fault rate calculation unit, a fault scene simulation unit, a fault restoration simulation unit and a load response unit, wherein:
the networking unit divides the power distribution network into square grids with the side length of the average span on the longitude and the latitude according to the geographical position of the power distribution network, and the typhoon disaster intensity in the same grid is considered to be consistent;
the typhoon disaster unit calculates the wind speed of the position of each line based on the concentric circle distribution according to typhoon prediction data and an improved Rankine typhoon wind field model;
the fault rate calculation unit calculates the fault probability of each line grid according to the vulnerability curve and the wind speed calculated by the typhoon disaster unit, and calculates the line fault probability in a serial connection mode;
the fault scene simulation unit is used for simulating the fault condition and the fault moment of the power distribution network line by adopting a non-sequential Monte Carlo method according to the line fault probability obtained by the fault rate calculation unit;
the fault repairing simulation unit calculates the maintenance time required by each fault line according to the line state obtained by simulation in the scene simulation unit, and simulates the line repairing time;
and the load response unit performs load flow calculation again according to the distribution network line state obtained by the fault scene simulation unit and the fault restoration simulation unit to obtain the load power supply amount of the distribution network.
Further, the specific conditions of the improved Rankine typhoon field model are as follows:
assuming that the typhoon eye, namely the wind speed at the center of the typhoon is zero, the typhoon wind speed is rapidly increased along with the continuous increase of the distance from the typhoon center to the position until the maximum radius of the typhoon wind speed is reached, and then the typhoon wind speed is gradually changed from the maximum to zero along with the continuous increase of the distance, and the specific calculation form is as follows:
in the formula, VtRepresenting the actual wind speed at time t, VmaxIs the maximum wind speed of the typhoon, R represents the distance from the center of the typhoon, RmwIs the radius of the maximum wind speed of the typhoon, and X is the distribution parameter of the typhoon field.
Furthermore, the elastic curve drawing module draws an average state curve of the power distribution network according to the load power supply amount of the power distribution network at each disaster-suffered moment calculated by the power distribution network response module.
Further, the elasticity index calculation module calculates the maximum weighted load loss rate, the relative load recovery rate and the comprehensive area elasticity index of the power distribution network respectively based on the power distribution network average state curve chart drawn by the elasticity curve drawing module.
Further, the strategy comparison and analysis module compares the elastic curves and the elastic indexes thereof simulated by different elasticity promotion strategies under the same typhoon disaster based on all the elastic indexes obtained by the elastic index calculation module, and comprehensively analyzes the power supply condition and the action strategy of the power distribution network load at each disaster stage to obtain the respective advantages and disadvantages of different strategies.
The invention also provides a two-stage elasticity improvement method of the power distribution network elasticity evaluation system under the typhoon disaster, which reduces the weighted total load of the power distribution network considering the node importance to the minimum on the premise of meeting the safety operation constraint of the power distribution network by pre-distribution of emergency resources before the disaster and real-time scheduling in the disaster and after the disaster, and comprises the following steps:
s1, acquiring geographical position information of the power distribution network and typhoon disaster prediction information, initializing and meshing the power distribution network, and calculating the intensity of the wind speed disaster-causing factor;
s2, calculating the fault probability of each line when the typhoon passes through the boundary according to the vulnerability curve and the grid division condition of the power distribution element related to the wind speed;
s3, simulating the fault state of the line when the disaster crosses the border based on a non-sequential Monte Carlo sampling method, and recording the fault line and the fault time;
s4, selecting a sufficient number of fault scenes of the power distribution network at the most serious disaster-suffering moment based on the fault scene set generated by simulation, and pre-distributing emergency resources before the disaster comes;
and S5, according to the disaster-suffering time and the real-time state of the power distribution network in the recovery process, dynamically and cooperatively scheduling the topological state of the power distribution network and the output level of the emergency generator car at each scheduling time, and making an optimal scheduling strategy by taking the minimum weighted operation cost as a target.
Further, in step S3, since the area of the distribution grid is small, the time of the general load reduction operation (the most serious damage) is relatively long. In order to realize reasonable pre-distribution of emergency resources before a disaster comes to maximize the elasticity capability of the distribution network, the step takes the minimum sum of the minimum total operating costs of the distribution network at the most serious moment of damage of all sampling scenes as an objective function:
in the formula，ρωFor the number of occurrences of scene omega in the sample, omegaωFor a sample scene set, T is the set of time from typhoon crossing to the completion of maintenance of all faulty lines, Ct,ωThe calculation form of the total running cost of the power distribution network at the moment t in the scene omega is related to disaster time coping strategies adopted by the power distribution network.
Further, in step S5, during disaster crossing and line maintenance, based on the fault and repair of the distribution network line at each moment, by performing dynamic distribution network reconfiguration and cooperative control of the emergency power generation car output on the interconnection line equipped with the remote control switch, with the minimum operating cost as the target, an optimal scheduling policy is formulated to achieve priority of load supply, and meanwhile, the requirement of the highest economic benefit is also considered, and the objective function is:
in the formula, omegaNIs a collection of all nodes of the grid, Ct,ωFor the total operating cost of the power distribution network in the scene omega at the time t,
and
active power C of emergency vehicles directly injected into node n and node n by root node of transformer substation at time tSIn order to reduce the operating costs of the substation,
for the operation cost of the node n emergency power generation vehicle,
for the state of line nn' in scene ω at time t (1 is closed, 0 is open),
in order to tie the operating costs of the line,
the n load reduction penalty unit cost of the node is in positive correlation with the importance of the node,
is the active load reduction of the node n at the time t in the scene ω.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1. the power distribution network disaster assessment system and the power distribution network disaster assessment method have general applicability, are beneficial to disaster early warning and disaster response scheme making of the power grid, and provide reference for emergency plan design of the power grid.
2. By considering the space-time influence of typhoon disasters on the power distribution network and the repair process of power distribution network faults, the load response conditions of the power distribution network in the disaster catching and recovery processes can be completely simulated, and different strategies are contrastively analyzed by calculating a plurality of different elastic indexes, so that reference is provided for formulating and perfecting elastic improvement measures of the power distribution network.
3. By considering pre-distribution of emergency resources before typhoon disasters and cooperative scheduling of emergency resources and contact lines in disaster recovery and post-disaster recovery processes, the elasticity improvement strategies of different disaster stages are combined, so that the overall elasticity improvement of the power distribution network is realized, and the influence of disasters on the power distribution network is favorably minimized.
4. The optimization problem modeling can be carried out by adopting a YALMIP tool box on MATLAB simulation software, and the GUROBI business solver is adopted for solving, so that the modeling difficulty is greatly reduced, the solving speed is increased, the adaptive capacity is good, and the requirement of real-time scheduling on the solving time can be met.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating the relationship between modules of the system of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an elasticity curve in the elasticity curve drawing module.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a test system and a test typhoon path according to an embodiment.
Fig. 4 is a graph of the average state of the monte carlo distribution network of the embodiment.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples and drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
The power distribution network is a power distribution network consisting of overhead lines, towers, switch equipment, distribution transformers, loads, auxiliary facilities and the like. The elasticity evaluation system of the power distribution network under the typhoon disaster is used for evaluating elasticity of the power distribution network under the typhoon disaster, based on typhoon disaster prediction data, through information transfer among a plurality of modules, response conditions of the power distribution network under the typhoon disaster are simulated, different elasticity promotion strategies are compared and analyzed, and the function of evaluating advantages and disadvantages of the different strategies is achieved.
As shown in fig. 1, the elasticity evaluation system for the power distribution network in the typhoon disaster includes an elasticity promotion strategy module, a power distribution network response simulation module, an elasticity curve drawing module, an elasticity index calculation module, and a strategy comparison and analysis module.
The elastic lifting strategy module is used for realizing the function of formulating the elastic lifting strategy for lifting the power distribution network;
the power distribution network response simulation module is used for realizing the functions of simulating the power distribution network disaster and the recovery process according to the forecast information of the meteorological disaster, the geographical position information of the power distribution network, the line reliability curve and the restoration model;
the elastic curve drawing module is used for drawing a power distribution network average state curve graph according to the power supply condition of the power distribution network weighted load in different sampling scenes;
the elastic index calculation module is used for realizing the functions of calculating a plurality of elastic indexes and quantifying the elasticity of the power distribution network according to the power distribution network average state curve graph obtained by simulation;
and the strategy comparison and analysis module is used for comprehensively comparing the elastic curves and analyzing a plurality of elastic indexes to realize the function of comparing the advantages and disadvantages of different elastic promotion strategies.
The elastic lifting strategy module divides the disaster receiving process of the power distribution network into three stages of pre-disaster, middle disaster and post-disaster according to the situation of the typhoon disaster, respectively adopts corresponding strategies, inputs strategies of different disaster receiving processes of the power distribution network into the next module, and improves the elasticity of the power distribution network.
The pre-disaster prevention strategy unit is used for describing preparation work of the power distribution network before a disaster crosses a border, and mainly comprises the steps of reinforcing lines and towers, reasonably configuring emergency resources, increasing maintenance resources and the like;
the defense strategy in the disaster is used for describing emergency work carried out by the power distribution network when the disaster passes through the border, and mainly comprises an emergency generator switching strategy, a distribution network reconstruction strategy, an active scheduling strategy and the like;
the post-disaster recovery strategy is used for describing recovery work of the power distribution network after a disaster leaves the environment, and mainly comprises an emergency power generation vehicle scheduling strategy, an optimal maintenance sequence strategy, a multi-microgrid-isolated grid operation strategy and the like.
The power distribution network response simulation module simulates the power distribution network disaster situation according to the strategy designated by the elastic lifting strategy module, and comprises a gridding unit, a typhoon disaster unit, a fault rate calculation unit, a fault scene simulation unit, a fault restoration simulation unit and a load response unit.
The gridding unit divides the power distribution network into square grids with the side length of the average span on the longitude and the latitude according to the geographical position of the power distribution network, and the typhoon disaster intensity in the same grid is considered to be consistent;
the typhoon disaster unit quantifies the influence of typhoon into wind speed, an improved Rankine typhoon wind field model is adopted, and a typhoon eye, namely the wind speed at the center of the typhoon is assumed to be zero. With the increasing distance from the position to the center of the typhoon, the typhoon wind speed also increases rapidly until reaching the maximum radius of the typhoon wind speed, and then with the increasing distance, the typhoon wind speed gradually changes from the maximum to zero again, and the specific calculation form is shown in formula (1).
In the formula, VtRepresenting the actual wind speed at time t, VmaxIs the maximum wind speed of the typhoon, R represents the distance from the center of the typhoon, RmwIs the radius of the maximum wind speed of the typhoon, and X is the distribution parameter of the typhoon wind field, generally 0.5.
And the fault rate calculation unit describes the fault probability of the grid elements by adopting a vulnerability curve according to the typhoon wind speed of each line grid, as shown in a formula (2). And each grid element is connected in series to form a corresponding line, and the fault probability of the whole line is calculated, as shown in formula (3).
In the formula (f)n-n'，t，kIs the probability of failure, V, of the kth grid element of line n-n' at time tdesIt is the element design that resists the wind speed the most.
In the formula (f)n-n'Is the probability of failure, omega, of the line n-nn-n'Is a set of grids divided by the lines n-n'.
The fault scene simulation unit simulates the fault condition and the fault time of the power distribution network line by adopting a non-sequential Monte Carlo method, each grid generates a random number between [0 and 1], if the random number is less than the fault probability, the grid element is considered to have a fault, otherwise, the grid element does not have the fault, and the fault scene simulation unit is shown in a formula (4).
In the formula, randn-n',t,ωGenerating a random number between 0 and 1 by a line n-n' in a scene omega at the moment t;
total time required for line n-n' maintenance in scene ω; gamma rayn-n',t,ωThe state of the line n-n' in the scene omega at the time t is shown, 0 is a fault, and 1 is normal.
The fault repairing unit considers that typhoon disasters can increase the difficulty of fault repairing and increase the commuting time of a maintenance team reaching a fault point, and further the line repairing time is prolonged. To simplify the calculation, the repair time is given in the case of a system component with a known repair time and weather intensity in normal weather
Can be regarded as a value related to the weather intensity as shown in equation (5).
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
is the required maintenance time, TD, for the line n-nn-n'Is the commute time, TR, of the arrival of the maintenance team on line n-nn-n'Is the repair time, k, required for the faulty line n-n' in normal weathern-n',ωIs the intensity, TW, of the line n-n' typhoon meteorological disastersnn'，ωIs the time for troubleshooting wait for n-n' lines in scene omega.
And the load response unit performs load flow calculation again according to the distribution network line state obtained by the fault scene simulation unit and the fault restoration simulation unit to obtain the load power supply amount of the distribution network. When a line fault is caused by a typhoon disaster, the power distribution network may lose the capacity of completely supplying power to all loads, and the loads must be reduced to meet the requirement of safe operation. The unit considers the node load importance degree and reduces the node load by taking the weighted total load reduction minimum amount of the distribution network as an objective function, as shown in a formula (6).
In the formula, omegaNIs the set of all the nodes of the grid,
the n load reduction penalty unit cost of the node is in positive correlation with the importance of the node,
the real load reduction amount of the node n at the moment t in the scene omega is shown.
The elastic curve drawing module records the load response conditions of the power distribution network in Monte Carlo sampling scenes at each time according to the load power supply amount of the power distribution network at each disaster-suffered moment calculated by the power distribution network response module, sets the same scene weight of each sampling, averages the weighted total load of the power distribution network at each moment, and draws a power distribution network average state curve graph, wherein the schematic diagram of the elastic curve is shown in figure 2.
The elastic index calculation module is used for calculating the maximum weighted load loss rate, the relative load recovery rate and the comprehensive area elastic index of the power distribution network respectively based on the average state curve graph of the power distribution network drawn by the elastic curve drawing module, the calculation formula is as follows, and the corresponding variable schematic diagram in the formula is as shown in figure 2.
Maximum weighted loss rate RrateThe worst degree of damage to the distribution network when subjected to extreme meteorological disasters is generally related to the resistance of the distribution network, as shown in equation (7).
In the formula, P0 AIs the total weighted load demand of the system, P1 AIs the maximum weighted unload amount.
Weighted loss of load rate RlosThe average speed of the grid from normal operation to reduced load operation is assigned,and is generally related to the resistance of the distribution network, as shown in equation (8).
In the formula, t1Is the moment when the distribution network begins to cut load, t2Is the time corresponding to the maximum weighted loss.
Relative load recovery rate RrecThe speed of the power distribution network rapidly recovering to the normal load level after the power distribution network leaves the environment due to the extreme disaster is generally related to maintenance resources and scheduling strategies of the power distribution network, as shown in a formula (9).
In the formula, t3Is the extreme disaster departure time t5The moment when the distribution network resumes supplying power to all loads.
Comprehensive area elasticity index RareaThe calculation is carried out in a mode that the disaster-stricken state curve is compared with the normal state curve, and the overall elastic performance of the power distribution network in three stages of disaster stricken can be intuitively reflected, as shown in a formula (10).
In the formula, t0Is the extreme disaster transit time, t6Is the time when all fault lines of the power distribution network are repaired, F0(t) is the distribution network normal state curve, F1And (t) is a distribution network disaster-affected state curve.
The strategy comparison and analysis module is used for comprehensively analyzing the power supply condition and the action strategy of the power distribution network load in each disaster stage to obtain the advantages and the disadvantages of different strategies by comparing the elastic curves simulated by different elastic lifting strategies and the calculated elastic indexes under the same typhoon disaster based on all the elastic indexes obtained by the elastic index calculation module.
The embodiment also discloses a two-stage elasticity improvement method of the power distribution network elasticity evaluation system under the typhoon disaster, which is characterized in that the weighted total load reduction of the power distribution network considering the node importance degree is minimum on the premise of meeting the safety operation constraint of the power distribution network by pre-distribution of emergency resources before the disaster and real-time scheduling during the disaster and after the disaster, and the method comprises the following steps:
s1, acquiring geographical position information of the distribution network and typhoon disaster prediction information, calculating the intensity of the wind speed disaster-causing factor, and initializing and gridding the distribution network, wherein the calculation formula is shown as formula (1).
And S2, calculating the fault probability of each line when the typhoon passes through according to the vulnerability curve and the grid division condition of the power distribution element related to the wind speed, wherein the calculation formulas are shown as formulas (2) and (3).
And S3, simulating the fault state of the line when the disaster passes through the border based on a non-sequential Monte Carlo sampling method, and recording the fault line and the fault time, wherein the calculation formula is shown as a formula (4).
And S4, selecting a sufficient fault scene of the power distribution network at the most serious disaster-suffering moment based on the fault scene generated by simulation, and pre-distributing emergency resources before the disaster comes. The emergency power generation resources mainly comprise emergency generators and emergency vehicles, and the emergency vehicles realize power supply to the power distribution network in a disaster by loading a certain number of emergency generators to load nodes. Because the quantity of the emergency generators and vehicles with different capacities is limited and the vehicles are not scheduled as far as possible for ensuring the safety when the vehicles are crossed by extreme meteorological disasters, the emergency resources need to be reasonably pre-distributed before the disasters come, and the elasticity of the distribution network is maximized. The distribution network has a small area and is generally in a load-reducing operation (the most damaged) for a relatively long time. Therefore, the sum of the minimum total running cost of the power distribution network at the most serious moment of damage in all sampling scenes is minimum as an objective function, as shown in a formula (11).
In the formula, ρωFor the number of occurrences of scene omega in the sample, omegaωFor a sampled set of scenes, T is the set of times from typhoon crossing to completion of maintenance of all faulty lines, Ct,ωThe calculation form of the total running cost of the power distribution network at the moment t in the scene omega is related to disaster time coping strategies adopted by the power distribution network.
The objective function is required to satisfy the emergency vehicle capacity constraint and the location constraint, in addition to the basic constraints of the power system, as shown in equations (12), (13), (14), (15), and (16), respectively.
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
and
is the active and reactive capacities, omega, preset by the node n emergency vehicleMIs the mth kind of emergency generator set with the same capacity,
is the number of the m-th capacity emergency generators loaded on the node n emergency vehicle,
and
active capacity and total number, omega, of the mth capacity emergency generator, respectivelyNIs a collection of nodes of the power distribution network,
is the power factor angle of the mth capacity emergency generator,
indicating whether the node N has a preset emergency vehicle (1 is present, 0 is absent), and NV,setIs the number of emergency vehicles and M is a relatively large constant.
And S5, according to the disaster-suffering time and the real-time state of the power distribution network in the recovery process, dynamically and cooperatively scheduling the topological state of the power distribution network and the output level of the emergency generator car at each scheduling time, and making an optimal scheduling strategy by taking the minimum running cost as a target. On the basis of the formula (6), an objective function related to the operation cost of the transformer substation, the emergency generator car and the communication line is introduced, as shown in a formula (17). The objective function is divided into three different orders of magnitude, wherein the order of magnitude of the operation cost of a transformer substation is minimum, the operation cost of an emergency power generation car and a communication line is second, and the order of magnitude of the weighted load reduction punishment cost is maximum. The setting method preferentially ensures that the output of the transformer substation is preferentially ensured when the influence is not large just before a disaster, so that the output of the generator car and the number of closed contact lines are reduced, and the highest economic benefit is realized. When the influence of the disaster is gradually enlarged, the target of minimum load loss is preferentially met by using the contact switch and the emergency power generation car. The objective function can adaptively select different operation modes according to different disaster-suffering degrees of the power distribution network.
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
and
active power C of emergency vehicles directly injected into node n and node n by root node of substation in scene omega at time tSIn order to reduce the operating costs of the substation,
for the operation cost of the node n emergency power generation vehicle,
for the state of the line n-n',
the cost is run to connect the lines n-n'.
The objective function needs to satisfy the basic constraints of the power system and the constraints related to the cooperative elastic lifting strategy of the distribution network reconstruction and the emergency vehicle output in a disaster. The power system base constraints include node power balance constraints, load shedding constraints, voltage constraints, line transmission power constraints, and line capacity constraints.
And (3) distribution network reconstruction line constraint: considering the construction cost of the distribution network, not all lines can be remotely controlled. Only the line provided with the remote control switch can be remotely controlled. Therefore, the distribution network reconstruction line constraint can be expressed by the formulas (18) and (19), respectively.
In the formula, gamman-n',t,ωIs t atThe fault state of the line n-n' in the scene omega (1 is fault, 0 is non-fault),
is a normally closed circuit set without a switch,
is a set of contact lines that are,
is a set of nodes directly connected to node n.
And (3) output restraint of the emergency vehicle: the output of the emergency vehicle is related to the capacity and the quantity preset before the disaster, and can be represented by formulas (20), (21) and (22):
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
is the reactive power of the scene omega node n emergency vehicle at time t,
is the running state of the scene omega node n emergency vehicle at the time t,
and (4) indicating whether the node n has a preset emergency vehicle (1 is present, and 0 is absent).
Node power balance constraint: the injected power and the outgoing power should be equal at each node in the grid. Equations (23) and (24) give the active and reactive power balance equality constraints for the nodes in the distribution network at each moment in time, respectively.
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
and
respectively, directly injecting reactive power of a root node of a transformer substation into a node n and a node n emergency vehicle in a scene omega at the time t,
and
respectively the real and reactive power transmitted by the n-n' lines in the scene omega at time t,
and
respectively the active and reactive load demands,
and the amount of the reactive load reduction of the node n in the scene omega at the time t.
Load reduction constraint: the distribution network load node has the maximum load capacity allowed to be reduced, equations (25) and (26) describe the range of load active and reactive power reduction respectively, and equation (27) describes the power angle equality constraint between the two.
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
is the node n load power factor angle.
Voltage constraint: in order to ensure the stability of the operating voltage of the distribution network, upper and lower limits of the node voltage are also established, as shown in equation (28).
In the formula of Un,t,ωIs the magnitude of the square of the magnitude of the n voltage at the ω node of the scene at time t,
and
a lower limit and an upper limit of the square of the amplitude of the voltage at the ω -node n, respectively.
Constraint of line transmission power: when the line is energized, the power transmitted by the line is in an equality relationship with the voltage across the line. However, considering that the line has two states of connection and disconnection, the line cannot be directly represented by linear constraint, so that the constraint is converted into linear constraint by using a large M method, as shown in equations (29) and (30)
Wherein r isn-n'And xn-n'Respectively the resistance and reactance values of the n-n' line.
And (3) line capacity constraint: according to the design specifications of the transmission line, each line has its maximum transmission capacity.
The transmission capacity constraint of the line can be expressed by equation (31).
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
is the apparent capacity of the line n-n'.
Next, we perform testing based on the IEEE 33 node power distribution network system in the MATLAB platform to verify the validity and accuracy of the proposed model, and the testing system and the testing typhoon path are shown in fig. 3.
The test system is located in a rectangular area (22.9 degrees N-23.3 degrees N,113.6 degrees E-114.7 degrees E), the rectangular area is divided into 1200 meshes in total, simulation analysis is carried out by adopting No. 4 typhoon Ni Dan in 2016, the initial coordinates of the typhoon are (22.8 degrees N,114.3 degrees E), the end coordinates of the typhoon are (22.95 degrees N, 113.5 degrees E), the center of the typhoon moves once every 6 minutes, the maximum wind speed is 30M/s, and the moving speed is 20 km/h. The test system has 32 normally closed circuits and 5 communication circuits (8-21, 9-15, 12-22, 18-33, 25-29), and the wind resistance standard of the circuit design is 30 m/s. The system has 1 substation node and 32 load nodes in total, wherein the nodes 8, 21, 31 and 33 are important load nodes, the node importance degrees are all 3, the rest nodes are all 1, the total active load is 3.715MW, and the total weighted load is 4.715 MW. And the overhaul resource station is positioned at the node 3, all maintenance teams start from the overhaul resource station to overhaul the line, the traveling speed is 30km/h, and the basic overhaul time of each grid is 1 h. There are 2 kinds of emergency generators with 0.1MW and 0.2MW capacity, and there are 4 generators. The total number of the emergency vehicles is 4, and the upper loading limit of each vehicle is 6 generators. The dispatching cycle of the power distribution network is 6 minutes, the operation cost of the transformer substation is 10$/MW, the operation costs of 5 contact lines are 50 $/dispatching cycle, the operation cost of the emergency power generation car is 100$/MW, the punishment cost of the non-important load nodes is 1000$/MW, and the punishment cost of the important load nodes is 3000 $/MW.
Six different test scenarios were set up in this example, as shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 different strategies for different test scenarios
| Test scenario | Pre-disaster distribution | Distribution network reconfiguration | Emergency generator car |
| S0 | × | × | × |
| S1 | × | √ | × |
| S2 | × | × | √ |
| S3 | √ | × | √ |
| S4 | × | √ | √ |
| S5 | √ | √ | √ |
Based on the method, the pre-allocation of the emergency resources before the disaster is solved, and a scene S2And S4The default distribution result of the emergency power generation vehicle resources before the disaster (each important load node is equally distributed with the power generation vehicle resources) and the scene S3And S5The optimal distribution results (100 monte carlo fault scenarios were selected) are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 assignment results for different test scenarios
In order to accurately evaluate the influence of typhoon disasters on the power distribution network, based on the proposed elasticity evaluation method, the elasticity evaluation is carried out by adopting a non-sequential Monte Carlo method in the embodiment. The average state curve of the distribution network obtained by 100 Monte Carlo simulations is shown in FIG. 4.
The elasticity index of each scene was calculated, and the results are shown in table 3. In the aspect of comprehensive area elasticity indexes: 1) scene S adopting two-stage elastic lifting strategy provided by the invention5S than S without any measures0The elastic performance is improved by 56.58 percent, compared with the method that only measures in disaster are taken and no pre-distribution is carried out before disasterS41.78 percent of the total weight is increased; 2) in two schemes only adopting emergency vehicle strategy, S distributed before disaster exists3S of less than2The lift is 0.85 percent; 3) s for solely adopting distribution network reconfiguration1And S of emergency vehicle2Respectively comparing S without any measures0The lifting rate is 12.38 percent and 47.11 percent. The result can effectively reflect the elasticity performance of the power distribution network adopting different strategies, and the effectiveness of the power distribution network elasticity evaluation system provided by the invention is verified.
TABLE 3 results of elasticity index under different test scenarios
Scenario S in terms of maximum weighted loss rate, relative load recovery rate, and weighted loss rate5Can obviously reduce the maximum load loss rate and the weighted load loss speed of the power distribution network, compared with S0The reduction is 67.76 percent and 86.07 percent respectively, compared with S4The reduction was 16.54% and 16.25%, respectively. Simultaneous scene S5Can also improve the relative load recovery rate of the power distribution network, compared with S0The improvement is 30.51 percent. The result shows that the method provided by the invention can effectively improve the elasticity of the power distribution network in the resisting stage, the load reduction operation stage and the recovery stage of the power distribution network, thereby realizing the overall elasticity improvement before, during and after a disaster.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An elasticity evaluation system for a power distribution network under a typhoon disaster is disclosed, wherein the power distribution network is a power distribution network consisting of an overhead line, a tower, a switch device, a distribution transformer, a load and related auxiliary facilities; the system is characterized in that the elasticity evaluation system mainly aims at different elasticity lifting strategies, simulates the disaster situation of the power distribution network and compares the advantages and the disadvantages of the different elasticity lifting strategies, and comprises the following functional modules:
the elastic lifting strategy module is used for realizing the function of formulating the elastic lifting strategy for lifting the power distribution network;
the power distribution network response simulation module is used for realizing the functions of simulating the power distribution network disaster and the recovery process according to the forecast information of the meteorological disaster, the geographical position information of the power distribution network, the line reliability curve and the restoration model;
the elastic curve drawing module is used for drawing a power distribution network average state curve graph according to the power supply condition of the power distribution network weighted load in different sampling scenes;
the elastic index calculation module is used for realizing the functions of calculating a plurality of elastic indexes and quantifying the elasticity of the power distribution network according to the power distribution network average state curve graph obtained by simulation;
and the strategy comparison and analysis module is used for comprehensively comparing the elastic curves and analyzing a plurality of elastic indexes to realize the function of comparing the advantages and disadvantages of different elastic promotion strategies.
2. The system for evaluating the elasticity of the power distribution network in the typhoon disaster according to the claim 1, wherein: the elastic promotion strategy module divides the disaster process of the power distribution network into three stages of pre-disaster, middle disaster and post-disaster according to the situation of the typhoon disaster, and respectively adopts corresponding strategies to promote the elasticity of the power distribution network, and the elastic promotion strategy module comprises a pre-disaster prevention strategy unit, a middle disaster prevention strategy unit and a post-disaster recovery strategy unit, wherein:
the pre-disaster prevention strategy unit is used for describing preparation work of the power distribution network before the disaster crosses the border;
the disaster resisting strategy unit is used for describing emergency work of the power distribution network when a disaster crosses the border;
and the post-disaster recovery strategy unit is used for describing recovery work of the power distribution network after the disaster leaves the disaster.
3. The system for evaluating the elasticity of the power distribution network in the typhoon disaster according to the claim 1, wherein: the power distribution network response simulation module simulates the power distribution network disaster situation according to the strategy specified by the elastic lifting strategy module, and comprises a gridding unit, a typhoon disaster unit, a fault rate calculation unit, a fault scene simulation unit, a fault restoration simulation unit and a load response unit, wherein:
the networking unit divides the power distribution network into square grids with the side length of the average span on the longitude and the latitude according to the geographical position of the power distribution network, and the typhoon disaster intensity in the same grid is considered to be consistent;
the typhoon disaster unit calculates the wind speed of the position of each line based on the concentric circle distribution according to typhoon prediction data and an improved Rankine typhoon wind field model;
the fault rate calculation unit calculates the fault probability of each line grid according to the vulnerability curve and the wind speed calculated by the typhoon disaster unit, and calculates the line fault probability in a serial connection mode;
the fault scene simulation unit is used for simulating the fault condition and the fault moment of the power distribution network line by adopting a non-sequential Monte Carlo method according to the line fault probability obtained by the fault rate calculation unit;
the fault repairing simulation unit calculates the maintenance time required by each fault line according to the line state obtained by simulation in the scene simulation unit, and simulates the line repairing time;
and the load response unit performs load flow calculation again according to the distribution network line state obtained by the fault scene simulation unit and the fault restoration simulation unit to obtain the load power supply amount of the distribution network.
4. The system for evaluating the elasticity of the power distribution network in the typhoon disaster according to the claim 3, wherein: the specific conditions of the improved Rankine typhoon field model are as follows:
assuming that the typhoon eye, namely the wind speed at the center of the typhoon is zero, the typhoon wind speed is rapidly increased along with the continuous increase of the distance from the typhoon center to the position until the maximum radius of the typhoon wind speed is reached, and then the typhoon wind speed is gradually changed from the maximum to zero along with the continuous increase of the distance, and the specific calculation form is as follows:
in the formula, VtRepresenting the actual wind speed at time t, VmaxIs the maximum wind speed of the typhoon, R represents the distance from the center of the typhoon, RmwIs the radius of the maximum wind speed of the typhoon, and X is the distribution parameter of the typhoon field.
5. The system for evaluating the elasticity of the power distribution network in the typhoon disaster according to the claim 1, wherein: and the elastic curve drawing module is used for drawing an average state curve of the power distribution network according to the load power supply amount of the power distribution network at each disaster-suffered moment calculated by the power distribution network response module.
6. The system for evaluating the elasticity of the power distribution network in the typhoon disaster according to the claim 1, wherein: the elastic index calculation module is used for calculating the maximum weighted load loss rate, the relative load recovery rate and the comprehensive area elastic index of the power distribution network respectively based on the power distribution network average state curve chart drawn by the elastic curve drawing module.
7. The system for evaluating the elasticity of the power distribution network in the typhoon disaster according to the claim 1, wherein: the strategy comparison and analysis module compares elastic curves and elastic indexes thereof simulated by different elasticity promotion strategies under the same typhoon disaster based on all the elastic indexes obtained by the elastic index calculation module, comprehensively analyzes the power supply condition and the action strategy of the power distribution network load at each disaster stage, and obtains the respective advantages and disadvantages of different strategies.
8. A two-stage elastic improvement method of the system for elasticity evaluation of the power distribution network in typhoon disasters according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the method minimizes the weighted total load reduction of the power distribution network in consideration of the node importance degree on the premise of satisfying the safety operation constraint of the power distribution network by pre-distribution of emergency resources before disaster and real-time scheduling during disaster and after disaster, and comprises the following steps:
s1, acquiring geographical position information of the power distribution network and typhoon disaster prediction information, initializing and meshing the power distribution network, and calculating the intensity of the wind speed disaster-causing factor;
s2, calculating the fault probability of each line when the typhoon passes through the boundary according to the vulnerability curve and the grid division condition of the power distribution element related to the wind speed;
s3, simulating the fault state of the line when the disaster crosses the border based on a non-sequential Monte Carlo sampling method, and recording the fault line and the fault time;
s4, selecting a sufficient number of fault scenes of the power distribution network at the most serious disaster-suffering moment based on the fault scene set generated by simulation, and pre-distributing emergency resources before the disaster comes;
and S5, according to the disaster-suffering time and the real-time state of the power distribution network in the recovery process, dynamically and cooperatively scheduling the topological state of the power distribution network and the output level of the emergency generator car at each scheduling time, and making an optimal scheduling strategy by taking the minimum weighted operation cost as a target.
9. The two-stage elasticity improvement method of the power distribution network elasticity evaluation system under the typhoon disaster according to the claim 8, characterized in that: in step S3, in order to implement reasonable pre-allocation of emergency resources to maximize distribution network elasticity capacity before a disaster occurs, the step takes the sum of the minimum total operating costs of the most serious power distribution network damage time of all sampling scenes as the objective function:
in the formula, ρωFor the number of occurrences of scene omega in the sample, omegaωFor a sample scene set, T is the set of time from typhoon crossing to the completion of maintenance of all faulty lines, Ct，ωFor the t moment in the scene omegaAnd the calculation form of the total running cost of the power grid is related to disaster coping strategies adopted by the power distribution network.
10. The two-stage elasticity improvement method of the power distribution network elasticity evaluation system under the typhoon disaster according to the claim 8, characterized in that: in step S5, during disaster crossing and line maintenance, based on the fault and repair of the distribution network line at each time, by performing dynamic distribution network reconfiguration and cooperative control of the emergency power generation vehicle output on the interconnection line equipped with the remote control switch, an optimal scheduling policy is formulated with the minimum operating cost as a target, so as to achieve priority of load supply, and also consider the requirement of highest economic benefit, and its objective function:
in the formula, omegaNIs a collection of all nodes of the grid, Ct,ωFor the total operating cost of the power distribution network in the scene omega at the time t,
and
active power C of emergency vehicles directly injected into node n and node n by root node of transformer substation at t moment in scene omegaSIn order to reduce the operating costs of the substation,
for the operation cost of the node n emergency power generation vehicle,
for the state of line nn' in scene omega at time t,
in order to tie the operating costs of the line,
the n load reduction penalty unit cost of the node is in positive correlation with the importance of the node,
is the real load reduction of the node n at the time t.
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