CN114218704A - Failure analysis and judgment method for high-strength steel for automobile - Google Patents

Failure analysis and judgment method for high-strength steel for automobile Download PDF

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CN114218704A
CN114218704A CN202111527610.3A CN202111527610A CN114218704A CN 114218704 A CN114218704 A CN 114218704A CN 202111527610 A CN202111527610 A CN 202111527610A CN 114218704 A CN114218704 A CN 114218704A
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failure
analysis
strength steel
analyzing
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刘文慧
尹杨平
蒋兵
李峰
谈祥铃
田汉
陈浩
绪海涛
张政
杨颖�
翟志业
陈光胜
王义杰
胡晶
邱峰
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Chery Automobile Co Ltd
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Chery Commercial Vehicle Anhui Co Ltd
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    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
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    • G06F30/10—Geometric CAD
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    • G—PHYSICS
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    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/24—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady shearing forces
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
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    • G06F30/15—Vehicle, aircraft or watercraft design
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
    • G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
    • G01N2203/0017—Tensile
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
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    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
    • G01N2203/0025—Shearing
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    • G01N2203/006—Crack, flaws, fracture or rupture
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    • G06F2119/02—Reliability analysis or reliability optimisation; Failure analysis, e.g. worst case scenario performance, failure mode and effects analysis [FMEA]
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    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2119/00—Details relating to the type or aim of the analysis or the optimisation
    • G06F2119/14—Force analysis or force optimisation, e.g. static or dynamic forces

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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for analyzing and judging collision failure of high-strength steel for automobiles, which comprises the following steps: s1, acquiring elastoplasticity mechanical property data of the test material; s2, carrying out simulation analysis; s3, judging whether the test material has failure risk according to the simulation analysis result; s4, testing the test material to obtain fracture test data of the test material under different stress states, calibrating simulation parameters according to the fracture test data, and carrying out failure analysis; s5, obtaining a judgment breaking conclusion; s6, optimizing the vehicle body structure; and S7, carrying out a whole vehicle test. According to the analysis and judgment method for the impact failure of the high-strength steel for the automobile, the GISSMO stress triaxial parameter analysis method is adopted, the changes of volume and shape parameters can be simultaneously reflected, the judgment of the consistency of an analysis result and an actual working condition can be improved, and the result judgment accuracy can be improved.

Description

Failure analysis and judgment method for high-strength steel for automobile
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of automobiles, and particularly relates to a method for analyzing and judging collision failure of high-strength steel for an automobile.
Background
At present, the lightweight design technology of the automobile industry is gradually changed, and the technology in the field is rapidly advanced from the topological optimization design of the structure to the general application of high-strength steel. The application requirement of new materials makes material manufacturers develop more investment in the types of high-strength steel products.
High strength steel provides a higher strength performance index than conventional steel, but is weaker than conventional materials in ductility and is more susceptible to breakage upon impact. In the collision analysis and judgment of the traditional steel structure, whether the structure fails due to impact fracture or not can be judged by adopting the failure plastic strain of the conventional unidirectional tensile test and combining the failure criterion. The main materials of automotive body construction encompass two types: common strength steel, high strength steel. In automotive materials science, high strength is generally defined as a steel material having a yield strength of 600MPa or more. Because the transmission path of the impact force is special when the automobile collides, the impact force is transmitted to a vehicle door beam or a chassis longitudinal beam after the beam, the energy absorption box, the longitudinal beam and the A column are arranged; therefore, important design positions of an A column, a B column, a door beam and a head transverse longitudinal beam of the vehicle need to be strictly reinforced, and the strength of the used steel is mostly between 1000-1600 Mpa. Only steel at each position is strong enough, the safety of the vehicle can be guaranteed when the vehicle collides, and the B column is strengthened to guarantee the safety when the vehicle collides at the side surface.
For high-strength steel with yield strength of 1200Mpa and above, the accuracy of failure mode needs to be judged by more factors. The working condition set by the simulation analysis model does not accord with the structural characteristics of the actual part and the evolution rule of the stress-strain field in the collision process, and high simulation precision is difficult to realize.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving at least one of the problems of the prior art. Therefore, the invention provides a method for analyzing and judging the collision failure of high-strength steel for an automobile, and aims to improve the result judgment accuracy.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the method for analyzing and judging the collision failure of the high-strength steel for the automobile comprises the following steps of:
s1, acquiring elastoplasticity mechanical property data of the test material;
s2, carrying out simulation analysis;
s3, judging whether the test material has failure risk according to the simulation analysis result; if yes, go to step S4; if not, go to step S7;
s4, testing the test material to obtain fracture test data of the test material under different stress states, calibrating simulation parameters according to the fracture test data, and carrying out failure analysis;
s5, obtaining a judgment breaking conclusion;
s6, optimizing the vehicle body structure;
and S7, carrying out a whole vehicle test.
In the step S1, a quasi-static uniaxial tensile mechanical test is performed on the test material to obtain elastoplasticity data of the test material.
In the step S1, the three-axis stress test parameters of the test material are fitted, and a GISSMO material parameter model is provided for the whole vehicle collision analysis.
In the step S2, the stress-strain curve test parameters of the test material are substituted into the collision theory analysis model for simulation analysis.
In step S4, the test material is subjected to a shear test, a quasi-static uniaxial tensile test, a two-time notch tensile test, and a perforation test.
In the two notch tensile tests, the notch curve of one notch tensile test is an arc with the diameter of 5mm, and the notch curve of the other notch tensile test is an arc with the diameter of 20 mm.
In the step S5, the strain to failure ratio is set to 7% to 10%.
The test material was 22MnB5 hot formed steel.
The method for analyzing and judging the impact failure of the high-strength steel for the automobile adopts a GISSMO stress triaxial parameter analysis method, and can simultaneously reflect the changes of volume and shape parameters. And (3) establishing a fracture parameter card matched with the material by combining with the mechanical property test verification of the high-strength steel material, applying the fracture parameter card to the collision property simulation of the actual part, and comprehensively judging the analysis result by integrating all-directional failure parameters of the material. The judgment of the consistency of the analysis result and the actual working condition is improved, and the result judgment accuracy can be improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method for analyzing and determining impact failure of high-strength steel for automobiles according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a conventional quasi-static stretch parameter card;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a failure parameter analysis parameter card;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a true stress-true strain curve for a reticle;
FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating the results of conventional quasi-static tensile parameter application analysis;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the fracture of the analysis result of the benchmarking failure parameters;
FIG. 7 is a diagram showing comparison of final results of simulation analysis.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention will be given with reference to the accompanying drawings for a purpose of helping those skilled in the art to more fully, accurately and deeply understand the concept and technical solution of the present invention and to facilitate its implementation.
As shown in fig. 1, the invention provides a method for analyzing and determining impact failure of high-strength steel for an automobile, which comprises the following steps:
s1, acquiring elastoplasticity mechanical property data of the test material;
s2, carrying out simulation analysis;
s3, judging whether the test material has failure risk according to the simulation analysis result; if yes, go to step S4; if not, go to step S7;
s4, testing the test material to obtain fracture test data of the test material under different stress states, calibrating simulation parameters according to the fracture test data, and carrying out failure analysis;
s5, obtaining a judgment breaking conclusion;
s6, optimizing the vehicle body structure;
s7, carrying out a whole vehicle test;
and S8, forming a failure database.
Specifically, in the method for analyzing and determining the impact failure of the high-strength steel for the automobile, the change of the volume and the shape parameter can be simultaneously reflected by adopting a GISSMO stress triaxial parameter analysis method. The fracture parameter card matched with the material is established by combining with the mechanical property test verification of the high-strength steel material, and is applied to the collision property simulation of an actual part, so that all-directional failure parameters of the material can be integrated, the analysis result can be comprehensively judged, and the purpose of improving the judgment of the consistency of the analysis result and the actual working condition can be achieved.
In the step S1, fitting the three-axis stress test parameters of the test material to provide a GISSMO material parameter model for the vehicle crash analysis.
As shown in fig. 1, in step S1, a quasi-static uniaxial tensile mechanical test is performed on the test material to obtain elastoplasticity data of the test material. The test material is high-strength steel material, the test department obtains the elastoplasticity mechanical property data of the material by performing quasi-static unidirectional tensile test on the high-strength steel material, and the calibration material constitutive model is input into the analysis department.
As shown in fig. 1, in step S2, a simulation analysis is performed by using LS _ DYNA simulation analysis software by substituting a collision theoretical analysis model with the stress-strain curve test parameters of the test material.
In the step S3, a failure determination conclusion is obtained by establishing a high-strength steel simulation analysis model through the material constitutive equation analysis result by the material constitutive equation GISSMO analysis method.
In the step S4, the testing department performs a shear test, a quasi-static unidirectional tensile test, two notch tensile tests and a perforation test on the test material to obtain the fracture test data of the material under different stress states, which is used for calibrating the parameters of the MMC fracture criterion model in the simulation analysis model. The calibrated material constitutive model and the calibrated fracture model parameters can represent the deformation and fracture characteristics of the high-strength steel material. In the two notch tensile tests, the notch curve in one of the two notch tensile tests is an arc with a diameter of 5mm, and the notch curve in the other notch tensile test is an arc with a diameter of 20 mm.
In the above step S5, the strain to failure ratio is set to 7% to 10%. And (3) analyzing a key risk area by using fracture failure parameters by a simulation analysis department, setting a 7-10% failure strain rate aiming at the high-strength steel, and judging whether the fracture conditions occur at the positions of a column B and a threshold of the key bearing piece under the conditions of side collision, column collision and small offset collision or not according to the calculation result, wherein the fracture conditions are defined as test failures.
In the step S6, the structure at the position where the fracture failure occurs on the automobile body is optimized so that the bearing capacity of the automobile body meets the requirement of the corresponding regulation, and compatibility optimization analysis is performed.
In the step S7, in the entire vehicle test, a base touch tracking is performed on a position where a fracture failure occurs on the vehicle body, a result consistency calibration is completed, and an analysis model is calibrated. And combining theoretical judgment with an actual production process, performing actual deviation statistics of the production process into analysis parameters, correcting the GISSMO analysis model, and analyzing after adjustment to obtain an actual judgment conclusion. And (4) carrying out benchmarking analysis on the test result of the real vehicle by touching the bottom, and correcting the constitutive equation of the material.
The step S7 includes:
s701, performing thorough investigation verification on the performance of the local structure at the fracture failure position optimized in the step S6 on the automobile body through a whole automobile test;
and S702, performing thorough investigation verification on the overall performance of the automobile body through an entire automobile test.
In the step S8, the analysis result is counted and entered into the failure material analysis result database, so as to provide a reference basis for result determination for the development of subsequent vehicle models.
In the LS _ DYNA simulation analysis software for collision safety, a failure or damage parameterization card is added in a plurality of material models. The most common engineering practice is to add strain failures to the material model MAT _024, except MAT _039, MAT _104, MAT _120, MAT _153, etc. may be used to simulate failures. In engineering application, MAT _024 material is mainly adopted for simulation, a failure model of the material is defined by a keyword MAT _ ADD _ EROSION, and parameters measured in a test are substituted to obtain the failure material model for analysis.
The database is mainly used for analyzing and recording data after collision and completing safety design and parameter optimization condition statistics of automobile products. If the effective support of the database is lacked, the effective analysis and comparison of the platform product cannot be completed in the simulation stage, the safety characteristic of the platform product cannot be effectively counted after the test is finished, and the continuity design of the product without the effective comparison of the simulation and the test fails. Therefore, the automobile crash test database system is established under the platform product chain of the host factory, and the significance of analyzing and evaluating test data is great.
Examples
In the simulation analysis related to automobiles, most of the analysis uses a two-dimensional shell unit for modeling, the side length of the shell unit is usually 3-10 times of the thickness, and the deformation obtained by the node displacement of the shell unit is far smaller than that of a necking region, so that the shell unit cannot describe the necking phenomenon in the material stretching process. Thus if a shell element is used, neck-in instability needs to be introduced into the failure discrimination as a failure criterion.
On the other hand, the fracture failure characteristics of metals are related to stress state, strain rate, anisotropy, and not elongation at break, which is commonly understood. Models that define a single strain-to-failure (such as MAT-24 material in LS-DYNA) tend to lead to erroneous fracture failure predictions. The unidirectional tension, the bidirectional tension, the compression, the shearing and the like are different stress states, and the failure strain of the material is different under different stress states.
In this example, the test material was 22MnB5 hot formed steel.
The embodiment provides a method for analyzing and judging collision failure of high-strength steel for an automobile, which comprises the following steps:
s1, providing quasi-static unidirectional tensile test mechanical property data of the B-column high-strength steel material by a test department, calibrating a material constitutive model and inputting the material constitutive model into simulation analysis;
s2, the simulation analysis department substitutes the high-strength steel material curve test parameters into the side collision analysis model for simulation analysis;
and S3, analyzing the basic result and judging the high-risk area. As shown in fig. 5, the structures at the positions of the doorsill and the upper edge beam are seriously wrinkled;
s4, aiming at the position, obtaining fracture test data under different stress states through a shear test, a quasi-static unidirectional tensile test, an R5 notch tensile test, an R20 notch tensile test and a perforation test by a test department, calibrating MMC fracture criterion model parameters in a simulation analysis model, and carrying out failure analysis;
s5, the simulation analysis department analyzes the key risk area by using the fracture failure parameters, sets a failure strain rate of 7% -10% aiming at the high-strength steel, and can judge that the fracture conditions of the positions of the key bearing piece B column and the threshold during side collision are defined as fracture failure according to the calculation result. As shown in fig. 6, the B-pillar, rocker beam, etc. structure has cracked;
s6, optimizing the vehicle body structure;
s7, carrying out a whole vehicle test, carrying out background touch tracking in the whole vehicle test aiming at the failure position, finishing result consistency calibration, and calibrating to finish an analysis model;
and S8, counting the analysis results and entering the analysis results into a failure material analysis result database to provide a result judgment reference basis for the development of subsequent vehicle types.
Fig. 5 and 6 are comparison graphs of the results of the side collision analysis operation of the B-pillar and the side structure.
It can be seen from fig. 5 that the B-pillar, the roof side rail, and the sill inner panel do not break significantly when they use the basic quasi-static parameters; after the benchmarking failure parameters are applied, the phenomenon of local fracture occurs.
In summary, analysis and comparison of the calibrated curve parameters using material failure can yield: the difference of the lateral displacement of the side key structure is nearly 3.8cm, as shown in fig. 7, and the result determined by analyzing the parameters of the unused failure structure is better than the analysis result of the failure parameters of the fracture. After the structure is broken and failed, the reliability of the structure design can be reflected more truly by using failure parameters.
And (4) the theoretical analysis result and the test result of the real vehicle are counted and entered into a database, and the effective precipitation application of the analysis result is completed.
The invention has been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is obvious that the invention is not limited to the specific implementation in the above-described manner, and it is within the scope of the invention to apply the inventive concept and solution to other applications without substantial modification.

Claims (8)

1. The method for analyzing and judging the collision failure of the high-strength steel for the automobile is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, acquiring elastoplasticity mechanical property data of the test material;
s2, carrying out simulation analysis;
s3, judging whether the test material has failure risk according to the simulation analysis result; if yes, go to step S4; if not, go to step S7;
s4, testing the test material to obtain fracture test data of the test material under different stress states, calibrating simulation parameters according to the fracture test data, and carrying out failure analysis;
s5, obtaining a judgment breaking conclusion;
s6, optimizing the vehicle body structure;
and S7, carrying out a whole vehicle test.
2. The method for analyzing and determining the impact failure of the high-strength steel for the automobile according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, the test material is subjected to a quasi-static uniaxial tensile mechanical test to obtain elastoplasticity data of the test material.
3. The method for analyzing and determining the impact failure of the high-strength steel for the automobile according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in the step S1, the three-axis stress test parameters of the test material are fitted to provide a GISSMO material parameter model for the impact analysis of the whole automobile.
4. The method for analyzing and determining impact failure of a high-strength steel for automobiles according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in step S2, simulation analysis is performed by substituting a stress-strain curve test parameter of a test material into a collision theoretical analysis model.
5. The method for analyzing and determining impact failure of a high-strength steel for automobiles according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in step S4, the test material is subjected to a shear test, a quasi-static uniaxial tensile test, a double notch tensile test, and a piercing test.
6. The method for analyzing and determining impact failure of a high-strength steel material for automobiles according to claim 5, wherein the notch curve in one of the two notch tensile tests is an arc having a diameter of 5mm, and the notch curve in the other notch tensile test is an arc having a diameter of 20 mm.
7. The method for analyzing and determining the impact failure of the high-strength steel for the automobile according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in step S5, the strain to failure ratio is set to 7% to 10%.
8. The method for analyzing and determining impact failure of a high-strength steel for automobiles according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the test material is 22MnB5 hot-formed steel.
CN202111527610.3A 2021-12-14 2021-12-14 Failure analysis and judgment method for high-strength steel for automobile Pending CN114218704A (en)

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