CN114216866B - Soil section color acquisition method based on hyperspectral imaging technology - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a soil section color obtaining method based on a hyperspectral imaging technology, which is characterized in that based on the obtaining of the whole section of soil section, the whole section of soil section is scanned through the hyperspectral imaging technology, and then the soil color parameter under a CIE XYZ standard color system is obtained by utilizing a soil reflection spectrum, so that the problems of quantitative analysis, color difference comparison and the like of the soil color parameter under a Munsell color system are solved; finally, the generated CIE XYZ soil color is an intermediate medium for conversion of different color spaces, and can meet different research requirements; the whole technical scheme has important significance for rapidly and accurately acquiring the color parameters of the soil profile, provides a new idea for effectively monitoring the color of the soil profile, and further promotes the development of acquiring the soil attribute parameters based on the hyperspectral imaging technology.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for acquiring the color of a soil section based on a hyperspectral imaging technology, and belongs to the technical field of soil attribute analysis.
Background
Color is an important attribute of soil and is a comprehensive reflection of the color of soil constituent materials, particularly chromophore materials (such as organic substances and iron compounds) therein. Therefore, the soil evolution forming process can be assisted to be revealed and other soil attribute information can be reflected by acquiring the soil color information. And compared with other soil properties, the soil color is more intuitive, and the measurement is easier. Thus, color is one of the most widely used soil monitoring parameters in soil science related studies.
Currently, soil color is mainly described by a munsell color system in three-dimensional combination of Hue (Hue, abbreviated as H), value (Value, abbreviated as V) and Chroma (Chroma, abbreviated as C), and is given in the form of HV/C, for example, 7.5yr3/4 represents a soil color with Hue of 7.5YR, value of 3 and Chroma of 4. However, the color of the soil is difficult to quantitatively analyze, and the measurement result is easily affected by factors such as the sensitivity of the eyes of a measurer.
In recent years, the hyperspectral technology is rapidly developed, and plays an important role in the aspects of soil attribute acquisition, soil type classification and the like. Compared with the soil color parameters based on the Munsell color system, the hyperspectral technology can more accurately and objectively acquire the soil color parameters under different color systems by acquiring the soil reflection spectrum in the visible light range and combining the related theoretical knowledge of colorimetry, and has remarkable advantages in the aspects of quantitative soil color modeling analysis, quantitative color difference characterization and the like; the hyperspectral imaging technology has the characteristic of integrating maps, can simultaneously acquire soil reflection spectra of continuous planar areas, and is particularly suitable for acquiring profile information of the whole section of soil;
disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a soil section color acquisition method based on a hyperspectral imaging technology, which can effectively and accurately realize the acquisition of the soil section color with high spatial resolution and improve the actual working efficiency.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme for solving the technical problems: the invention designs a soil profile color acquisition method based on a hyperspectral imaging technology, which comprises the following steps:
step A, acquiring a whole section of soil profile of a target depth in a research area, and then entering step B;
step B, aiming at the whole section of soil profile, enabling the humidity of the whole section of soil profile to reach a preset humidity state to serve as a whole section of soil profile sample, and then entering step C;
c, acquiring a soil section hyperspectral image corresponding to the whole section of the soil section sample, preprocessing the soil section hyperspectral image, updating the soil section hyperspectral image, and entering the step D;
d, performing CIE color space conversion on the soil section hyperspectral image to obtain tristimulus values X, Y and Z of the soil section hyperspectral image under a CIE XYZ chromaticity system, and entering the step E;
and E, according to tristimulus values X, Y and Z of the soil profile hyperspectral image under the CIE XYZ chromaticity system, converting the soil profile hyperspectral image into a target color space, and obtaining a soil profile color map of the soil profile hyperspectral image under the target color space, namely the whole-section soil profile color map of the target depth in the research area.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention: and B, when the preset humidity state in the step B is a state that the humidity is larger than the humidity of the air-dried soil, applying indoor natural air-drying operation on the whole section of the soil, reflecting different humidity states of the whole section of the soil by combining the weight change of the whole section of the soil in the indoor natural air-drying process, monitoring the weight change of the whole section of the soil in real time to enable the humidity of the whole section of the soil to reach the preset humidity state to be used as a sample of the whole section of the soil, and then entering the step C.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention: and B, when the preset humidity state in the step B is a soil air-dry state, applying indoor natural air-dry operation on the whole section of the soil profile in the step B, and monitoring the weight change of the whole section of the soil profile in real time until the weight of the whole section of the soil is unchanged after the preset time of the indoor natural air-dry operation and further within the continuous preset time, namely obtaining that the whole section of the soil reaches the soil air-dry state to be used as a whole section of soil profile sample, and then entering the step C.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention: and C, performing spectrum smoothing pretreatment by adopting a spectrum smoothing method aiming at the noise influence in the soil profile hyperspectral image, updating the soil profile hyperspectral image, and then entering the step D.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention: the step D comprises the following steps D1 to D3;
step D1, obtaining a standard chromaticity observer color matching function value S (lambda) and a light source relative spectral distribution function value
Wherein lambda is the wavelength, and then entering the step D2;
d2, judging the reflection spectrum R (lambda) and S (lambda) of the hyperspectral image of the soil profile,
If the wavelengths are consistent, entering the step D3; otherwise, based on the reflection spectrum R (lambda) of the soil profile hyperspectral image, applying an interpolation method to update the standard chromaticity observer color matching function values S (lambda) corresponding to different wavelengths lambda in the soil profile hyperspectral image and the light source relative spectrum distribution function values corresponding to different wavelengths lambda in the soil profile hyperspectral image
To achieve R (λ), S (λ), and
then entering step D3;
step D3, according to the following formula:
e, performing CIE color space conversion on the soil section hyperspectral image to obtain tristimulus values X, Y and Z of the soil section hyperspectral image under a CIE XYZ chromaticity system, and then entering the step E; wherein, λ 1 and λ 2 are respectively the lower wavelength limit and the upper wavelength limit in the hyperspectral image of the soil profile.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention: when the target color space in the step E is an sRGB color space convenient for computer and network display, the step E includes the following steps E1 to E3;
step E1, corresponding tristimulus values X, Y and Z under a CIE XYZ chromaticity system according to the hyperspectral image of the soil profile according to the following formula:
obtaining a linear value R of the soil profile hyperspectral image under the corresponding sRGB color space lin 、G lin 、B lin Then entering step E2;
step E2. According to the following formula:
obtaining a nonlinear value R of the soil profile hyperspectral image under the corresponding sRGB color space nlin 、G nlin 、B nlin Then entering step E3;
step E3, aiming at the nonlinear value R of the soil section hyperspectral image under the corresponding sRGB color space nlin 、G nlin 、B nlin And synthesizing to obtain a soil profile color map of the soil profile hyperspectral image corresponding to the sRGB color space, namely the soil profile color map of the target depth.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention: and C, selecting a hyperspectral imager covering the visible light wave band range to obtain a soil profile hyperspectral image corresponding to the whole section of soil profile sample.
Compared with the prior art, the method for acquiring the color of the soil section based on the hyperspectral imaging technology has the following technical effects:
the invention designs a soil section color obtaining method based on a hyperspectral imaging technology, which is characterized in that based on the obtaining of the whole section of soil section, the whole section of soil section is scanned through the hyperspectral imaging technology, and then the soil color parameters under a CIE XYZ standard color system are obtained by utilizing the soil reflection spectrum, so that the problems of quantitative analysis, color difference comparison and the like of the soil color parameters under a Munsell color system are solved; finally, the generated CIE XYZ soil color is an intermediate medium for converting different color spaces, and can meet different research requirements, and the technology also provides a soil color method based on a system for converting CIE XYZ soil color into sRGB color so as to facilitate computer and network display; the whole technical scheme has important significance for rapidly and accurately acquiring the color parameters of the soil profile, provides a new idea for effectively monitoring the color of the soil profile, and further promotes the development of acquiring the soil attribute parameters based on the hyperspectral imaging technology.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a soil profile color acquisition method based on hyperspectral imaging technology according to the invention;
fig. 2 is a soil color map in the sRGB color space obtained in the embodiment.
Detailed Description
The following description will explain embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention designs a soil section color obtaining method based on a hyperspectral imaging technology, and in practical application, as shown in figure 1, the following steps A to E are specifically executed.
And step A, according to the condition of equipment, selecting gasoline or electric power earth drills to obtain the whole section of soil profile of the target depth in the research area, and then entering step B.
And step B, aiming at the whole section of the soil profile, enabling the humidity of the whole section of the soil profile to reach a preset humidity state to serve as a whole section of the soil profile sample, and then entering the step C.
In the middle of practical application, for presetting a humidity state, the state that the humidity is greater than the air-dry state soil humidity and the soil air-dry state can be designed, wherein, for the state that the humidity is greater than the air-dry state soil humidity, then in the middle of practical execution of step B, for the whole section of soil section, the indoor natural air-drying operation is applied, the reflection of the weight change of the whole section of soil section on different humidity states of the whole section of soil section in the indoor natural air-drying process is combined, through the real-time monitoring of the weight change of the whole section of soil section, the humidity of the whole section of soil reaches the preset humidity state to be used as a whole section of soil section sample, and then step C is carried out.
And for the air-dry state of the soil, in the actual execution of the step B, applying indoor natural air-drying operation on the whole section of the soil profile, and monitoring the weight change of the whole section of the soil profile in real time until the weight of the whole section of the soil profile is unchanged within a preset time period of the indoor natural air-drying operation and further within a preset time period such as 24 hours, namely, the whole section of the soil reaches the air-dry state of the soil, taking the whole section of the soil as a whole section of the soil profile sample, and then entering the step C.
And C, selecting a hyperspectral imager covering the visible light waveband range, namely, the spectral range of the selected hyperspectral imager needs to cover the 380-780 nm waveband range as far as possible, setting parameters such as the sweeping speed of the hyperspectral imager and the height of a lens from the surface of a sample according to the parameters such as the number of pixels and the lens of the hyperspectral imager, obtaining a soil section hyperspectral image corresponding to the whole section of soil section sample, preprocessing the soil section hyperspectral image, namely, performing spectral smoothing preprocessing by adopting a smoothing method according to the possible noise influence in the soil section hyperspectral image, updating the soil section hyperspectral image, and then entering the step D. Specifically, a spline function, savitzky-Golay smoothing method and other methods are adopted, spectrum smoothing pretreatment is carried out on each pixel in the soil profile hyperspectral image one by one, and the soil profile hyperspectral image after the spectrum smoothing treatment is generated.
And D, performing CIE color space conversion on the soil section hyperspectral image to obtain tristimulus values X, Y and Z of the soil section hyperspectral image under a CIE XYZ chromaticity system, and entering the step E.
In practical applications, the step D specifically performs the following steps D1 to D3, and then the step E is performed.
Step D1. Obtaining standard chromaticity observer color matching function value S (lambda) and light source relative spectral distribution function value
Where λ is the wavelength, and then enters step D2. In practical applications, S (λ) may comprise a matching function for a 2 ° observer or a 10 ° observer,
it may include the relative spectral distribution functions for different light source conditions, such as a light source, D65 light source, etc.
D2, judging the reflection spectrum R (lambda) of the hyperspectral image of the soil profile) And S (lambda),
If the wavelengths are consistent, entering a step D3; otherwise, based on the reflection spectrum R (lambda) of the soil profile hyperspectral image, applying interpolation methods such as spline function and the like to update the color matching function value S (lambda) of the standard chromaticity observer corresponding to different wavelengths lambda in the soil profile hyperspectral image and the light source relative spectral distribution function value corresponding to different wavelengths lambda in the soil profile hyperspectral image
To achieve R (λ), S (λ), and
then step D3 is entered.
Step D3, according to the following formula:
performing CIE color space conversion on the soil section hyperspectral image to obtain tristimulus values X, Y and Z of the soil section hyperspectral image under a CIE XYZ chromaticity system, and entering a step E; wherein λ 1 and λ 2 are respectively the lower and upper wavelength limits in the hyperspectral image of the soil profile, and the values thereof are between 380 nm and 780nm or the range near the region, and are used for reducing the possible influence of the wavelength range.
And E, according to tristimulus values X, Y and Z of the soil profile hyperspectral image under the CIE XYZ chromaticity system, converting the soil profile hyperspectral image into a target color space, and obtaining a soil profile color map of the soil profile hyperspectral image under the target color space, namely the whole-section soil profile color map of the target depth in the research area.
In the above step E, if the target color space is the sRGB color space convenient for the computer and the network to display, the following steps E1 to E3 are specifically performed in the step E.
Step E1, corresponding tristimulus values X, Y and Z under a CIE XYZ chromaticity system according to the hyperspectral image of the soil profile according to the following formula:
obtaining a linear value R of the soil profile hyperspectral image under the corresponding sRGB color space lin 、G lin 、B lin Then, step E2 is entered.
Step E2. According to the following formula:
obtaining a nonlinear value R of the soil profile hyperspectral image under the corresponding sRGB color space nlin 、G nlin 、B nlin Then, step E3 is entered.
Step E3, aiming at the nonlinear value R of the soil profile hyperspectral image corresponding to the sRGB color space nlin 、G nlin 、B nlin And synthesizing to obtain a soil profile color map of the soil profile hyperspectral image corresponding to the sRGB color space, namely the soil profile color map of the target depth.
The method for acquiring the color of the soil section based on the hyperspectral imaging technology is applied to practice, and further detailed description is given by taking farmland soil in Nanjing as an object, acquiring the whole section of the soil section by using a gasoline-powered earth auger, acquiring a hyperspectral image by using a push-broom hyperspectral scanner and realizing the acquisition of air-dried soil color parameters, but the method is not limited by the invention and is realized as follows.
Step A, in a certain farmland of Nanjing (the coordinates are 31.77604N and 118.94251E), a gasoline power earth auger is utilized to collect a sample of the section of the whole soil, the collection depth is about 84cm, as shown in figure 2, and then the step B is carried out.
And step B, because the embodiment only needs to obtain the color of the soil in an air-dried state, applying indoor natural air-drying operation aiming at the whole section of the soil profile, and monitoring the weight change of the whole section of the soil profile in real time until the weight of the whole section of the soil has no change after the indoor natural air-drying operation is carried out for a preset time and further within a preset time duration such as 24 hours, namely obtaining that the whole section of the soil reaches the air-dried state of the soil, taking the whole section of the soil as a whole section of the soil profile sample, and then entering the step C.
And C, scanning the whole section of soil section sample by adopting a hyperspectral imager, acquiring a hyperspectral image of the soil section, preprocessing noise possibly existing in the hyperspectral image of the soil section, and then entering the step D.
The step C is specifically as follows in the examples:
selecting a hyperspectral imager covering a range of 397-1105 nm, wherein the spectrograph has 520 wave bands in total and a maximum resolution of 1392x1040, and setting the push-sweep speed of the hyperspectral imager to 6.8mm/s and the height of a lens from the surface of a sample to be about 50cm by debugging instrument parameters, so as to realize the acquisition of a hyperspectral image of a soil profile; and D, directly entering the step D without the spectrum smoothing pretreatment operation in the step because the obtained hyperspectral image of the soil profile has better quality.
Step D, obtaining tristimulus values X, Y and Z under a CIE XYZ standard chromaticity system by adopting a CIE chromaticity conversion method, wherein the soil color parameters are the colors of the foundation soil, which are the foundation for conversion with other color systems, and then entering the step E;
the step D is specifically as follows in the example:
step D1. Selecting a 2 ° (CIE 1931standard colorimetric observer) standard chromaticity observer color matching function S (lambda) and a relative spectral distribution function of a D65 illuminant
Then entering step D2;
step D2. Reflection spectra R (lambda), S (lambda) and
and
the corresponding S (lambda) and S (lambda) at the hyperspectral wavelength of the soil profile are obtained by a spline interpolation method by taking the hyperspectral R (lambda) of the soil profile as reference
Values to achieve R (λ), S (λ), and
then entering step D3;
step D3, according to the following formula:
and E, calculating tristimulus values X, Y and Z corresponding to the hyperspectral image of the soil profile under the CIE XYZ chromaticity system, wherein lambda 1 and lambda 2 are respectively a lower limit and an upper limit of the wavelength, and the values are respectively 397 nm and 781nm, and then entering the step E.
And E, in order to facilitate computer and network display of the soil color, generating R, G and B values under an sRGB color system by adopting a CIE (CommenceCommittee element) chromaticity conversion method, and generating a soil profile color chart.
The step E is specifically as follows in the examples:
step E1. According to the following formula:
calculating and obtaining sRGBLinear R under color system lin 、G lin And B lin Then entering step E2;
and E2, aiming at any sRGB component, according to the following formula:
obtaining a nonlinear value R of the soil profile hyperspectral image under the corresponding sRGB color space nlin 、G nlin 、B nlin Then, go to step E3;
step E3. Adding R nlin 、G nlin And B nlin Values corresponding to red, green and blue bands, respectively, were synthesized into a soil color map, and the results are shown in fig. 2.
According to the soil section color acquisition method based on the hyperspectral imaging technology, firstly, the whole section of soil is acquired through a power soil drill, the acquisition cost of the traditional artificial soil section is reduced, the acquisition efficiency is improved, then, the whole section of soil is scanned through the hyperspectral imaging technology, and then, the soil color parameters under a CIE XYZ standard color system are acquired through the soil reflection spectrum, so that the problems of quantitative analysis, color difference comparison and the like of the soil color parameters under a Munsell color system are solved; finally, the generated CIE XYZ soil color is an intermediate medium for converting different color spaces, and can meet different research requirements, and the technology also provides a soil color method based on a system for converting CIE XYZ soil color into sRGB color so as to facilitate computer and network display; the whole technical scheme has important significance for rapidly and accurately acquiring the color parameters of the soil profile, provides a new idea for effectively monitoring the color of the soil profile, and further promotes the development of acquiring the soil attribute parameters based on the hyperspectral imaging technology.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made within the knowledge of those skilled in the art without departing from the gist of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A soil section color obtaining method based on a hyperspectral imaging technology is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step A, obtaining a whole section of soil profile of a target depth in a research area, and then entering step B;
step B, aiming at the whole section of soil profile, enabling the humidity of the whole section of soil profile to reach a preset humidity state to serve as a whole section of soil profile sample, and then entering step C;
step C, acquiring a soil section hyperspectral image corresponding to the whole section of the soil section sample, performing spectrum smoothing pretreatment by adopting a spectrum smoothing method aiming at the noise influence in the soil section hyperspectral image, updating the soil section hyperspectral image, and then entering the step D;
d, performing CIE color space conversion on the soil section hyperspectral image to obtain tristimulus values X, Y and Z of the soil section hyperspectral image under a CIE XYZ chromaticity system, and entering the step E;
and E, according to tristimulus values X, Y and Z of the soil profile hyperspectral image under the CIE XYZ chromaticity system, converting the soil profile hyperspectral image into a target color space, and obtaining a soil profile color map of the soil profile hyperspectral image under the target color space, namely the whole-section soil profile color map of the target depth in the research area.
2. The method for acquiring the color of the soil profile based on the hyperspectral imaging technology as claimed in claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: and B, when the preset humidity state in the step B is a state that the humidity is larger than the humidity of the air-dried soil, applying indoor natural air-drying operation on the whole section of the soil, reflecting different humidity states of the whole section of the soil by combining the weight change of the whole section of the soil in the indoor natural air-drying process, monitoring the weight change of the whole section of the soil in real time to enable the humidity of the whole section of the soil to reach the preset humidity state to be used as a sample of the whole section of the soil, and then entering the step C.
3. The method for acquiring the color of the soil profile based on the hyperspectral imaging technology as claimed in claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: and B, when the preset humidity state in the step B is a soil air-drying state, applying indoor natural air-drying operation aiming at the whole section of soil section in the step B, and monitoring the weight change of the whole section of soil section in real time until the weight of the whole section of soil section is unchanged within the preset duration of the indoor natural air-drying operation, namely the whole section of soil section reaches the soil air-drying state, taking the whole section of soil section as a whole section of soil section sample, and entering the step C.
4. The method for acquiring the color of the soil profile based on the hyperspectral imaging technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the step D comprises the following steps D1 to D3;
step D1. Obtaining standard chromaticity observer color matching function value S (lambda) and light source relative spectral distribution function value
Wherein lambda is the wavelength, and then entering the step D2;
d2, judging the reflection spectrum R (lambda) and S (lambda) of the hyperspectral image of the soil profile,
If the wavelengths are consistent, entering the step D3; otherwise, the reflection spectrum R (lambda) of the hyperspectral image of the soil profile is used as the basisAn interpolation method for updating the color matching function value S (lambda) of standard chromaticity observer corresponding to different wavelengths lambda in the hyperspectral image of the soil section and the relative spectral distribution function values of light sources corresponding to different wavelengths lambda in the hyperspectral image of the soil section
To achieve R (λ), S (λ), and
then entering step D3;
step D3, according to the following formula:
e, performing CIE color space conversion on the soil section hyperspectral image to obtain tristimulus values X, Y and Z of the soil section hyperspectral image under a CIE XYZ chromaticity system, and then entering the step E; wherein, λ 1 and λ 2 are respectively the lower wavelength limit and the upper wavelength limit in the hyperspectral image of the soil profile.
5. The method for acquiring the color of the soil profile based on the hyperspectral imaging technology as claimed in claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: when the target color space in the step E is an sRGB color space convenient for computer and network display, the step E comprises the following steps E1 to E3;
step E1, according to tristimulus values X, Y and Z of the soil section hyperspectral image under a CIE XYZ chromaticity system, according to the following formula:
obtaining a soil profileLinear value R of hyperspectral image corresponding to sRGB color space lin 、G lin 、B lin Then entering step E2;
step E2. According to the following formula:
obtaining a nonlinear value R of a soil profile hyperspectral image under a corresponding sRGB color space nlin 、G nlin 、B nlin Then entering step E3;
step E3, aiming at the nonlinear value R of the soil profile hyperspectral image corresponding to the sRGB color space nlin 、G nlin 、B nlin And synthesizing to obtain a soil profile color map of the soil profile hyperspectral image corresponding to the sRGB color space, namely the soil profile color map of the target depth.
6. The method for acquiring the color of the soil profile based on the hyperspectral imaging technology as claimed in claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: and C, selecting a hyperspectral imager covering the visible light wave band range to obtain a soil profile hyperspectral image corresponding to the whole section of soil profile sample.
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