CN114214751A - Covalent bond organic framework nanofiber and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Covalent bond organic framework nanofiber and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114214751A CN114214751A CN202210046782.7A CN202210046782A CN114214751A CN 114214751 A CN114214751 A CN 114214751A CN 202210046782 A CN202210046782 A CN 202210046782A CN 114214751 A CN114214751 A CN 114214751A
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- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 76
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- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
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- JGUVAGVIFMBVCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[1,2,2-tris(4-aminophenyl)ethenyl]aniline Chemical group C1=CC(N)=CC=C1C(C=1C=CC(N)=CC=1)=C(C=1C=CC(N)=CC=1)C1=CC=C(N)C=C1 JGUVAGVIFMBVCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WHSQATVVMVBGNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[4,6-bis(4-aminophenyl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]aniline Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1C1=NC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=NC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=N1 WHSQATVVMVBGNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- GVAVELLSDQLFAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[2,2,2-tris(4-aminophenyl)ethyl]aniline Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1CC(C=1C=CC(N)=CC=1)(C=1C=CC(N)=CC=1)C1=CC=C(N)C=C1 GVAVELLSDQLFAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
- D01F6/58—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolycondensation products
- D01F6/76—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolycondensation products from other polycondensation products
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G83/00—Macromolecular compounds not provided for in groups C08G2/00 - C08G81/00
- C08G83/008—Supramolecular polymers
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Artificial Filaments (AREA)
- Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a covalent bond organic framework nanofiber and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) mixing an acidic compound, polyamine and a tackifier in a solvent to obtain a precursor solution; (2) spinning the obtained precursor solution to obtain precursor fiber; (3) carrying out heat treatment on the obtained precursor fiber to obtain the covalent bond organic framework nanofiber; the preparation method is a brand-new preparation method of the machine frame nanofiber (COF nanofiber), is simple to operate and is easy to realize large-scale preparation; the obtained COF nanofiber has a nano-scale pore structure and has wide application prospects in the fields of hydrogen storage, gas separation, drug adsorption, metal ion adsorption and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of nanofiber materials, and particularly relates to a covalent bond organic framework nanofiber as well as a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
A Covalent Organic Framework (COF) is a porous crystalline polymer material which is formed by connecting repeating structural units through Covalent bonds and extends into a regular geometric Framework, and the structure of the porous crystalline polymer material is similar to that of an Organic metal Framework of inorganic material zeolite and complex material. The final geometric configuration of the COF molecule is determined according to the size, symmetry and connection mode of the structural unit, and the internal pore structure and pore diameter can be smoothly regulated and controlled by regulating the parameters, so that the COF material not only has a large specific surface area, but also has a precisely regulated and controlled nano-scale pore channel structure, and can be used as a hydrogen storage material for a fuel cell. In addition, COF materials also have a wide prospect in metal ion adsorption, dye adsorption, organic solvent gas separation, drug release and the like, and since the COF materials are first reported in 2005, COF is continuously sought by researchers and becomes a hot spot in the current material field.
However, large-scale production and commercial application of COF materials have not been realized so far, and there are three main reasons for limiting the practical application thereof: firstly, the chemical stability of some COF materials is poor, and the durability of the COF materials in use is influenced; secondly, the synthesis period of COF materials is long, and the reaction time is often more than several days; thirdly, once the COF material is produced, the additive commonality is lost due to the formation of a two-dimensional or three-dimensional network structure formed by stable covalent bond connection. Generally, the COF synthesis method is mainly a hydrothermal method or a solvothermal method in a closed high-pressure environment, and the final product is fluffy polycrystalline powder. The two-dimensional or three-dimensional porous crystal framework structure formed by covalent bonds in the COF leads the COF to lose the solubility and the melting property, thereby limiting the possibility of processing the COF into films or fibers. In previous research reports, interfacial polymerization methods have been used to prepare COF-based thin film materials. In addition, solid phase synthesis methods have been reported for preparing COF bulk materials. CN111607081A discloses a poly-alkylated sub-nanopore COF material, and a preparation method and application thereof. The invention provides a multi-alkylated sub-nanopore COF material, an intermediate thereof and a preparation method of the multi-alkylated sub-nanopore COF material. The multi-alkylation sub-nanopore COF material provided by the invention adopts a multi-site alkylation strategy, functional groups are more efficiently and thoroughly introduced, the adsorption capacity on Xe is very high, the adsorption selectivity on Xe/Kr is as high as 9.7, and the material is a material for efficiently screening Xe/Kr. Meanwhile, the preparation method of the multi-alkylated sub-nanopore COF material provided by the invention has the advantages of simple steps and convenient operation conditionsIt is quick and friendly to environment. CN111111785A discloses a transition metal catalyst supported by COF material, a preparation method and application thereof, the composition of the transition metal catalyst supported by COF material comprises COF material and Pd supported on the COF material2+Or Ni2+The preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing an aldehyde precursor, an amine precursor and absolute ethyl alcohol, fully reacting, and separating and purifying a product to obtain a COF material; and (3) mixing the COF material, the soluble Pd salt or the soluble Ni salt and dichloromethane, carrying out impregnation loading, and separating and purifying the product. The COF material supported transition metal catalyst is used for the semi-hydrogenation reaction of the phenylacetylene compound, has the advantages of high catalytic activity, good selectivity, wide substrate application range, easiness in recycling, mild reaction conditions, green and environment-friendly reaction solvent and the like, and is simple in preparation process, available in raw materials and low in production cost. CN109054039A discloses a method for synthesizing a covalent organic framework material with an imine structure, which is characterized in that thioamidourea and 1,3,6, 8-tetraphenyl formyl pyrene are used as raw materials, o-dichlorobenzene and N, N-dimethylacetamide are used as solvents, acetic acid is used as a catalyst, and TSC-Py-COF is synthesized through a solvothermal method.
With respect to COF-based fiber materials, it has been reported that only powders in the form of short fibers prepared by a hydrothermal method or COF powders are supported on electrospun polymer fibers, and these studies have not broken the limit of processing COFs into porous fiber membrane materials capable of self-supporting. Electrospun COF nanofiber materials in a strict sense have not been reported. Therefore, it remains a challenge to rapidly prepare continuous COF long fibers using electrospinning techniques and assemble into self-supporting fibrous film materials. Compared with powder, the fiber-based film has many advantages in practical application, such as large specific surface area, easy collection and reuse of fiber with large length-diameter ratio, and larger air permeability.
Therefore, the novel method is developed, and the novel method is adopted to prepare the organic framework nanofiber material, so that the method not only has profound scientific research significance, but also has huge potential economic benefits.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a covalent bond organic framework nanofiber and a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method adopts an electrostatic spinning technology to spin a precursor solution prepared from an acidic compound, polyamine and a tackifier into precursor nanofibers, and then carries out heat treatment on the precursor fibers, so as to polymerize and generate corresponding covalent bond organic framework nanofibers (COF nanofibers); the preparation method is a brand-new preparation method of COF nano-fibers, is simple to operate and is easy to realize large-scale preparation; the COF nanofiber prepared by the preparation method has excellent thermal stability, chemical stability and mechanical properties, and is very suitable for large-scale preparation and use; it also has a nano-scale pore structure, and has wide application prospects in the fields of hydrogen storage, gas separation, drug adsorption, metal ion adsorption and the like.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing covalent bond organic framework nanofibers, comprising the steps of:
(1) mixing an acidic compound, polyamine and a tackifier in a solvent to obtain a precursor solution;
(2) spinning the precursor solution obtained in the step (1) to obtain precursor fiber;
(3) and (3) carrying out heat treatment on the precursor fiber obtained in the step (2) to obtain the covalent bond organic framework nanofiber.
The preparation method of the covalent bond organic framework nanofiber, provided by the invention, comprises the steps of mixing an acidic compound, polyamine and a tackifier in a solvent to obtain a precursor solution; carboxyl rich in the acidic compound and amino in polyamine can form carboxylate, so that the two monomers are promoted to self-assemble into a chain arrangement with head and tail alternately connected; secondly, only weak ionic bonds exist in the acidic compound and the polyamine, so that the viscosity of the solution is low and cannot meet the requirement of electrostatic spinning, and a tackifier needs to be added; then spinning a precursor solution prepared from an acidic compound, polyamine and a tackifier into precursor nanofibers by adopting an electrostatic spinning technology; and finally, carrying out heat treatment on the obtained precursor fiber to enable the acid compound and the polyamine to carry out solid-phase polymerization at high temperature to generate the corresponding COF nano fiber.
The preparation method is a brand-new preparation method of COF nano fibers, is simple in operation process, and is easy to realize large-scale preparation.
Preferably, the molar ratio of the acidic compound and the polyamine in the step (1) is 1 (0.1-10), such as 1:0.3, 1:0.6, 1:0.9, 1:1, 1:1.2, 1:1.4, 1:1.6 or 1: 1.8.
The molar ratio of the acidic compound to the polyamine is 1 (0.1-10), and the specific operation can be adjusted according to the number of functional groups in the polyamine, so that the carboxyl in the acidic compound and the amino in the polyamine completely react to generate imide, the optimal molar ratio is 3:2 in the case of triamine, 2:1 in the case of tetramine and 3:1 in the case of hexamine.
Preferably, the acidic compound includes any one of or a combination of at least two of trimesic acid, 2,4,6-tris (4-carboxyphenyl) -1,3, 5-triazine, 1,2,4, 5-benzenetetracarboxylic acid, 1,4,5, 8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid (NTCA), 1,4,5, 8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic anhydride (NTDA).
Preferably, the polyamine comprises p-phenylenediamine, biphenyldiamine, melamine, 1,3, 5-triphenylamine, tris (4-aminophenyl) amine (TAPA), 1,3,5-tris (4-aminophenyl) benzene (1,3,5-tris (4-aminophenyl) benzene, TAPB), 5 "- (4 '-amino [1,1' -biphenyl ] -4-yl) [1,1':4', 1": 3 ", 1':4' ″, 1" - (pentabiphenyl ] -4,4 "" -diamine (1,3,5-tris [4-amino (1,1-biphenyl-4-yl) ] benzene, TABPB), 2,4,6-tris (4-aminophenyl) -1,3, 5-triazine (4,4', 4' - (1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6-triyl) trianiline, TATT), 2,4,6-tris (4-aminophenyl) -pyridine (2,4,6-tris (4-aminophenyl) pyridine, TAPP), tetrakis (4-aminophenyl) methane (Tetra (4-aminophenyl) methane, TAPM), tetrakis (4-aminophenyl) ethylene (Tetra (4-aminophenyl) ethane, TAPE), 1,3,5,7-tetraaminoadamantane (1,3,5,7-tetraaminoadamantane, TAA), or 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexa (4-aminophenyl) benzene (1,2,3,4,5,6-hexa (4-aminophenyl) benzene, HAPB, HAK). For example, any one of the following compounds or a combination of at least two of the following compounds.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the acidic compound of the present invention comprises 1,4,5, 8-naphthalene tetracarboxylic acid (NTCA) and/or 1,4,5, 8-naphthalene tetracarboxylic anhydride (NTDA); NTCA and NTDA are both difficult to dissolve in a conventional organic solvent of DMF, and under the condition that polyamine exists, NTCA and polyamine react to generate carboxylic acid ammonium salt, so that two monomers are promoted to self-assemble into a net-shaped arrangement with heads and tails alternately connected; NTDA reacts with polyamine to form polyamic acid. The formation of the carboxylic acid ammonium salt and the polyamic acid structure ensures that the carboxyl and the amino are in a connected state along with the rapid volatilization of the solvent in the electrostatic spinning process, so that the two monomers can generate polycondensation reaction in the high-temperature heat treatment process to generate the naphthalimide. However, the ammonium carboxylate is a small molecule, which cannot be directly spun, and the molecular weight of the generated polyamic acid is often insufficient for single spinning due to the low activity of the naphthalene tetracarboxylic anhydride; therefore, no matter which solution is generated, the spinning condition can be achieved only after the high molecular weight polymer is added to increase the viscosity.
The amine used in the invention is polyamine, and the naphthalimide generated by reaction according to the corresponding molar ratio has a porous two-dimensional or three-dimensional space network structure, and belongs to the category of covalent bond organic frameworks.
Preferably, the solvent in step (1) comprises any one or a combination of at least two of N, N '-dimethylformamide, N' -dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, dimethyl sulfoxide and tetrahydrofuran.
In the preparation process of the precursor solution, a polar solvent is usually selected in order to completely dissolve the two monomers and ensure smooth spinning.
Preferably, the mixing time in step (1) is 5-30 h, such as 7h, 9h, 11h, 13h, 15h, 17h, 19h, 21h, 23h, 25h, 27h or 29h, and the specific values therebetween are limited by space and for the sake of brevity, and the invention is not exhaustive.
Preferably, the temperature of the mixing in step (1) is not higher than 60 ℃, for example, 60 ℃, 55 ℃, 50 ℃, 45 ℃, 40 ℃, 35 ℃, 30 ℃, 25 ℃, 20 ℃, 15 ℃, 10 ℃, or 5 ℃, and the specific values therebetween are not exhaustive for the invention and for the sake of brevity.
The mixing temperature of the step (1) in the preparation method provided by the invention is not higher than 60 ℃, and the excessive temperature can easily cause a plurality of functional groups in two monomers to react to form a cross-linking structure, so that the solution is gelatinized and loses spinnability, and the optimal mixing temperature is different according to different monomer raw materials.
Preferably, the solute content of the precursor solution in step (1) is 5-30% by mass, for example, 12%, 14%, 16%, 18%, 20%, 22%, 24%, 26% or 28%, and the specific values therebetween are limited by space and for brevity, and the invention is not exhaustive.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, when the mass percentage of solute in the precursor solution obtained in the step (1) is 5-30%, the covalent bond organic framework nanofiber with the most excellent performance can be prepared; on one hand, if the mass percentage of the solute in the precursor solution is lower than 5%, the viscosity of the solution is too low, and the subsequent spinning has high difficulty in forming continuous fibers, so that the electrospraying phenomenon is generated; on the other hand, if the mass percentage of the solute of the precursor solution is higher than 30%, a large number of liquid drops can be sprayed in the subsequent spinning process, and fibers cannot be formed smoothly; and adjusting the concentration of different precursor solutions to carry out spinning, so that precursor fibers with different diameters can be obtained, and the diameter of the final COF nanofiber is determined.
Preferably, the solute of the precursor solution in step (1) has a content of adhesion promoter of 10-50% by mass, for example, 13%, 16%, 19%, 23%, 26%, 29%, 33%, 36%, 39%, 43%, 46% or 49%, and the specific values therebetween are not exhaustive for brevity and conciseness.
Preferably, the tackifier in step (1) comprises any one or a combination of at least two of polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylpyrrolidone and polyvinylidene fluoride.
Preferably, the spinning in the step (2) further comprises a step of adding an additive into the precursor solution.
Preferably, the additive comprises any one of metal nanoparticles, ceramic nanoparticles, metal oxide nanoparticles, metal organic compound nanoparticles, metal organic framework nanoparticles, or a combination of at least two thereof.
Preferably, the additive further comprises a pore former.
Preferably, the spinning of step (2) is performed by an electrospinning apparatus.
Preferably, the spinning voltage in step (2) is 10-30 kV, such as 12kV, 14kV, 16kV, 18kV, 20kV, 22kV, 24kV, 26kV or 28kV, and the specific values therebetween are limited by space and for the sake of brevity, the invention is not exhaustive of the specific values included in the range.
Preferably, the liquid feeding rate of the spinning in the step (2) is 0.1-3 mL/h, such as 0.1mL/h, 0.5mL/h, 9mL/h, 1.3mL/h, 1.7mL/h, 2.1mL/h, 2.5mL/h, or 2.9mL/h, and the specific values therebetween are limited by space and for the sake of brevity, and the invention is not exhaustive list of the specific values included in the range.
Preferably, the spinning temperature in the step (2) is 5-35 ℃, for example, 12 ℃, 14 ℃, 16 ℃, 18 ℃, 20 ℃, 21 ℃, 22 ℃, 23 ℃ or 24 ℃, and the specific values therebetween are limited by space and for the sake of brevity, and the invention is not exhaustive of the specific values included in the range.
Preferably, the spinning humidity in the step (2) is 10-90%, for example 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70% or 80%, and the specific points between the above points are limited by space and for the sake of brevity, and the invention is not exhaustive of the specific points included in the range.
Preferably, the heat treatment of step (3) is performed under heating.
Preferably, the method of heating comprises: heating the system to 140-160 ℃ (e.g. 142 ℃, 144 ℃, 146 ℃, 148 ℃, 150 ℃, 152 ℃, 154 ℃, 156 ℃ or 158 ℃), maintaining the temperature for 0.5-2 h (e.g. 0.33h, 0.36h, 0.39h, 0.4h, 0.43h, 0.46h, 0.49h, 0.53h, 0.56h, 0.59h, 0.6h or 0.65 h), heating to 260-300 ℃ (e.g. 263 ℃, 266 ℃, 273 ℃, 276 ℃, 279 ℃, 286 ℃, 289 ℃, 293 ℃, 296 ℃ or 299 ℃ etc.), maintaining the temperature for 0.5-2 h (e.g. 0.93h, 0.96h, 0.99h, 1h, 1.03h, 1.06h, 1.09h, 1.13h, 1.16h or 1.19 h), heating to 300-450 ℃ (e.g. 320 ℃, 340 ℃, 350 ℃, 370 ℃, 380 ℃, 400 ℃, 410 ℃, 440 ℃, 450 ℃, 1.09h, 1.1.13 h, 1.19h, 1.06h, etc.), the heating is completed.
Preferably, the heating rate is 0.1-10 ℃/min, such as 0.5 ℃/min, 1 ℃/min, 2 ℃/min, 3 ℃/min, 4 ℃/min, 5 ℃/min, 6 ℃/min, 7 ℃/min, 8 ℃/min or 9 ℃/min, and the specific values therebetween are limited by space and for the sake of brevity, and the invention is not exhaustive.
Preferably, the carbonization treatment in step (3) is performed under the protection of inert gas or under vacuum.
Preferably, the inert gas comprises nitrogen and/or argon.
Preferably, the method further comprises a step of removing the adhesion promoter by pyrolysis and/or solvent soaking after the heat treatment in the step (3).
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the step (3) of removing the tackifier by pyrolysis and/or solvent soaking after the heat treatment is finished, PVP can be removed in the heat treatment process at 400 ℃, and nondegradable macromolecules such as PAN, PVDF and the like can be removed by long-time soaking by using solvents such as DMF, DMAc, DMSO and the like, because naphthalimide generated after the heat treatment is insoluble in the solvents; the removal of the tackifier can further perform pore-forming on the fiber, and increase the specific surface area of the fiber.
As a preferred technical scheme, the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing an acidic compound, polyamine and a tackifier in a solvent for 5-30 h at the temperature of not higher than 60 ℃ to obtain a precursor solution; the molar ratio of the acidic compound to the polyamine is 1 (0.1-10);
(2) adding an additive into the precursor solution obtained in the step (1), and spinning by using an electrostatic spinning instrument under the conditions that the voltage is 10-30 kV, the liquid supply rate is 0.1-3 mL/h, the temperature is 5-35 ℃, and the humidity is 10-90% to obtain precursor fibers;
(3) carrying out heat treatment on the precursor fiber obtained in the step (2) under the conditions of inert gas protection and heating to obtain the covalent bond organic framework nanofiber; the heating method comprises the following steps: and heating the system to 140-160 ℃ at the rate of 0.1-10 ℃/min, preserving heat for 0.3-2 h, heating to 260-300 ℃ at the rate of 0.1-10 ℃/min, preserving heat for 0.5-2 h, heating to 30-450 ℃ at the rate of 0.1-10 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 0.5-2 h to finish the heating.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a covalent bond organic framework nanofiber, which is characterized in that the covalent bond organic framework nanofiber is prepared by the preparation method of the first aspect, the covalent bond organic framework nanofiber comprises a network structure formed by a plurality of fibers, the diameter of each fiber is 100-2000 nm, and the network structure has a plurality of nanoscale pores.
In a third aspect, the invention provides a covalent bond organic framework nanofiber as in the second aspect, and applications of the covalent bond organic framework nanofiber in hydrogen storage, gas separation, drug adsorption, metal ion adsorption and as a carbon fiber precursor.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the preparation method of the covalent bond organic framework nanofiber provided by the invention adopts an electrostatic spinning technology, a precursor solution prepared from an acidic compound, polyamine and a tackifier is spun into a precursor nanofiber, and then the precursor fiber is subjected to heat treatment, so that the corresponding organic framework nanofiber is generated through polymerization; the preparation method is a brand-new preparation method of the COF nano-fiber, is simple to operate and is easy to realize large-scale preparation.
(2) The COF nanofiber prepared by the preparation method provided by the invention has excellent thermal stability, chemical stability and mechanical properties, and is very suitable for large-scale preparation and use; and the carbon fiber composite material also has a nanoscale pore structure, and has wide application prospects in the fields of hydrogen storage, gas separation, drug adsorption, metal ion adsorption, carbon fiber precursors and the like.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a scanning electron micrograph of a precursor fiber provided in example 1;
FIG. 2 is a scanning electron micrograph of a covalently bonded organic framework nanofiber provided in example 1;
FIG. 3 is a scanning electron micrograph of a precursor fiber provided in example 2;
FIG. 4 is a scanning electron micrograph of a covalently bonded organic framework nanofiber provided in example 2;
FIG. 5 is a scanning electron micrograph of a precursor fiber provided in example 3;
FIG. 6 is a scanning electron micrograph of a covalently bonded organic framework nanofiber provided in example 3;
FIG. 7 is a scanning electron micrograph of a covalently bonded organic framework nanofiber provided in example 4;
fig. 8 is a thermogravimetric analysis test graph of the covalent bond organic framework nanofibers obtained in examples 1,2 and 5.
The implementation, functional features and advantages of the objects of the present invention will be further explained with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely a few embodiments of the invention, and not all embodiments.
It should be noted that those whose specific conditions are not specified in the examples were performed according to the conventional conditions or the conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially. In addition, the meaning of "and/or" appearing throughout includes three juxtapositions, exemplified by "A and/or B" including either A or B or both A and B. In addition, technical solutions between various embodiments may be combined with each other, but must be realized by a person skilled in the art, and when the technical solutions are contradictory or cannot be realized, such a combination should not be considered to exist, and is not within the protection scope of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The technical solutions of the present invention are further described in detail with reference to the following specific examples, which should be understood as merely illustrative and not limitative.
Example 1
A method for preparing covalent bond organic framework nanofibers, comprising the steps of:
(1) 3mmol of NTCA, 2mmol of tris (4-aminophenyl) amine (TAPA) and 0.64g of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP, molecular weight 130 ten thousand) were dissolved in 9.71g N, N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) and mixed for 26 hours at 20 ℃ to obtain a precursor solution;
(2) spinning the precursor solution obtained in the step (1) by an electrostatic spinning instrument under the conditions of voltage of 20kV, liquid supply rate of 0.7mL/h, temperature of 25 ℃ and humidity of 60% to obtain precursor fiber;
(3) carrying out heat treatment on the precursor fiber obtained in the step (2) under the protection of Ar atmosphere and heating, wherein the heating method comprises the following steps: heating the system to 150 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 0.5h, heating to 280 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 1h, heating to 320 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 1h to finish the heating;
then soaking the mixture in DMF for 48 hours to remove PVP in the mixture; and finishing the soaking process under stirring, and heating to 80 ℃ to finally obtain the covalent bond organic framework nanofiber.
Example 2
A method for preparing covalent bond organic framework nanofibers, comprising the steps of:
(1) 2mmol of NTCA, 1mmol of tetrakis (4-aminophenyl) methane (TAPM) and 0.423g of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP, molecular weight 130 ten thousand) are dissolved in 6.43g N, N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) and mixed for 26h at 20 ℃ to obtain a precursor solution;
(2) spinning the precursor solution obtained in the step (1) by an electrostatic spinning instrument under the conditions of voltage of 20kV, liquid supply rate of 0.7mL/h, temperature of 25 ℃ and humidity of 60% to obtain precursor fiber;
(3) carrying out heat treatment on the precursor fiber obtained in the step (2) under the conditions of Ar atmosphere protection and heating to obtain the covalent bond organic framework nanofiber; the heating method comprises the following steps: heating the system to 150 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 0.5h, heating to 250 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 1h, heating to 350 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 1h, heating to 420 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 1h, and finishing the heating.
Example 3
A method for preparing covalent bond organic framework nano fiber, which is different from the embodiment 2 only in that PAN (molecular weight is 15 ten thousand) is used for replacing PVP in the step (1), and other conditions and steps are the same as the embodiment 2.
Example 4
A method for preparing covalent bond organic framework nanofibers, comprising the steps of:
(1) 2mmol of NTCA, 1mmol of tetrakis (4-aminophenyl) methane (TAPM) and 0.423g of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP, molecular weight 130 ten thousand) are dissolved in 6.43N, N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) and mixed for 26h at the temperature of 20 ℃ to obtain a precursor solution;
(2) adding 10 wt% (relative to solute) of silicon (Si) nanoparticles into the precursor solution obtained in the step (1), and spinning by using an electrostatic spinning instrument under the conditions that the voltage is 20kV, the liquid supply rate is 0.7mL/h, the temperature is 25 ℃ and the humidity is 60% to obtain precursor fibers;
(3) carrying out heat treatment on the precursor fiber obtained in the step (2) under the conditions of Ar atmosphere protection and heating to obtain the covalent bond organic framework nanofiber; the heating method comprises the following steps: heating the system to 150 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 0.5h, heating to 250 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 1h, heating to 350 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 1h, heating to 420 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 1h, and finishing the heating.
Example 5
A method for preparing covalent bond organic framework nanofibers, comprising the steps of:
(1) 3mmol NTCA, 2mmol 1,3,5-tris (4-aminophenyl) benzene (TAPB) and 0.692g polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP, molecular weight 130 ten thousand) were dissolved in 9.23g N, N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) and mixed for 26h at 20 ℃ to obtain a precursor solution;
(2) spinning the precursor solution obtained in the step (1) by an electrostatic spinning instrument under the conditions of 17kV of voltage, 0.8mL/h of liquid supply rate, 25 ℃ of temperature and 60% of humidity to obtain precursor fiber;
(3) carrying out heat treatment on the precursor fiber obtained in the step (2) under the conditions of Ar atmosphere protection and heating to obtain the covalent bond organic framework nanofiber; the heating method comprises the following steps: heating the system to 150 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 0.5h, heating to 250 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 1h, heating to 350 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 1h, heating to 420 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 1h, and finishing the heating.
Comparative example 1
A method for preparing covalent bond organic framework nano fibers, which is different from the embodiment 1 only in that PVP is not added in the step (1), and other components, the using amount and the steps are the same as the embodiment 1.
In the comparative example, only particles with the particle size of 1-10 mu m are obtained on a receiving plate in the electrospinning process due to low solution viscosity, and no fiber exists.
And (3) performance testing:
(1) and (3) observing the appearance:
the precursor fibers and the organic framework nanofibers obtained in examples 1 to 4 were tested by a scanning electron microscope (TESCAM MIRA3), and the surface morphologies and the diameters of the fibers of the prepared precursor fibers and organic framework nanofibers were observed.
Scanning electron micrographs of the precursor fiber and the covalent bond organic framework nanofiber obtained in the embodiment 1 are respectively shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, and it can be seen from fig. 1 that the precursor fiber obtained in the embodiment 1 has a smooth surface and a uniform diameter, and the diameter is 300-500 nm, and it can be seen from fig. 2 that the covalent bond organic framework nanofiber obtained in the embodiment 1 has no obvious change in fiber morphology and diameter compared with the precursor fiber; scanning electron micrographs of the precursor fiber obtained in example 2 and the covalent-bond organic framework nanofiber are shown in fig. 3 and 4, respectively, and it can be seen from fig. 3 that: the diameter of the precursor fiber obtained in example 2 is large, more than 1 μm; from FIG. 4, it can be seen that the covalent bond organic framework nanofiber obtained in example 2The appearance and the diameter of the precursor fiber are not obviously changed, and PVP is decomposed when the treatment temperature reaches above 400 ℃; BET test of the covalent bond organic framework nanofiber obtained in example 2 shows that the specific surface area of the organic framework nanofiber reaches 369m2(ii)/g; scanning electron micrographs of the precursor fiber and the covalent bond organic framework nanofiber obtained in example 3 are respectively shown in fig. 5 and 6, and it can be seen from fig. 5 and 6 that the morphology of the covalent bond organic framework nanofiber obtained after heat treatment is not much different from that of the precursor fiber; the scanning electron microscope image of the covalent bond organic framework nanofiber obtained in example 4 is shown in fig. 7, and as can be seen from fig. 7, the Si nanoparticles are stably embedded on the fiber and are uniformly distributed.
In summary, it can be seen that the organic framework nanofibers can be prepared by the preparation methods provided in examples 1 to 4, and the prepared fibers have uniform diameters.
(2) Thermal stability:
the covalent bond organic framework nanofibers obtained from example 1, example 2 and example 5 were tested using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), as shown in fig. 8, and the test results show that: the temperature of 5% thermal weight loss of the covalent bond organic framework nanofiber obtained in the embodiment 1 exceeds 390 ℃, the temperature of 5% thermal weight loss of the covalent bond organic framework nanofiber obtained in the embodiment 2 exceeds 520 ℃, and the temperature of 5% thermal weight loss of the covalent bond organic framework nanofiber obtained in the embodiment 5 reaches 519 ℃, so that the covalent bond organic framework nanofiber provided by the invention is proved to have good thermal stability.
The applicant states that the present invention is illustrated by the above examples to be an organic framework nanofiber and a preparation method and application thereof, but the present invention is not limited to the above process steps, i.e. it does not mean that the present invention must rely on the above process steps to be implemented. In addition, the above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and does not limit the scope of the invention, and it is obvious to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of covalent bond organic framework nano fiber is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) mixing an acidic compound, polyamine and a tackifier in a solvent to obtain a precursor solution;
(2) spinning the precursor solution obtained in the step (1) to obtain precursor fiber;
(3) and (3) carrying out heat treatment on the precursor fiber obtained in the step (2) to obtain the covalent bond organic framework nanofiber.
2. The method for preparing covalent bonding organic framework nanofibers according to claim 1, wherein in step (1):
the molar ratio of the acidic compound to the polyamine is 1 (0.1-10); and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the acidic compound comprises any one or the combination of at least two of trimesic acid, 2,4,6-tri (4-carboxyphenyl) -1,3, 5-triazine, 1,2,4, 5-benzenetetracarboxylic acid, 1,4,5, 8-naphthalene tetracarboxylic acid and 1,4,5, 8-naphthalene tetracarboxylic anhydride; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the polyamines include p-phenylenediamine, biphenyldiamine, melamine, 1,3, 5-triphenylamine, tris (4-aminophenyl) amine, 1,3,5-tris (4-aminophenyl) benzene, 5 "- (4 '-amino [1,1' -biphenyl ] -4-yl) [1,1':4', 1": 3 ", 1': 4'", 1 "" -pentabiphenyl ] -4,4 "" -diamine, 2,4,6-tris (4-aminophenyl) -1,3, 5-triazine, 2,4,6-tris (4-aminophenyl) -pyridine, tetrakis (4-aminophenyl) methane, tetrakis (4-aminophenyl) ethylene, 1,3,5,7-tetraaminoadamantane, and 1,2, any one or a combination of at least two of 3,4,5,6-hexa (4-aminophenyl) benzene.
3. The method for preparing a covalently bonded organic framework nanofiber according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the solvent comprises any one or a combination of at least two of N, N '-dimethylformamide, N' -dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, dimethylsulfoxide and tetrahydrofuran; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
in the step (1), the mixing time is 5-30 h; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
in the step (1), the temperature of the mixing is not higher than 60 ℃.
4. The method for preparing covalent bond organic framework nanofibers according to claim 1, wherein in step (1), the mass percentage of solute in the precursor solution is 5-30%; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
in the step (1), the mass percentage of the tackifier in the solute of the precursor solution is 10-50%; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
in the step (1), the tackifier comprises any one or a combination of at least two of polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylpyrrolidone and polyvinylidene fluoride.
5. The method for preparing covalent bonding organic framework nanofibers according to claim 1, wherein in step (2):
before the spinning, the method further comprises the step of adding an additive into the precursor solution, wherein the additive comprises nanoparticles and a pore-forming agent, and the nanoparticles comprise any one or a combination of at least two of metal nanoparticles, ceramic nanoparticles, metal oxide nanoparticles, metal organic compound nanoparticles and metal organic framework nanoparticles; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the spinning is carried out by an electrostatic spinning instrument, and the parameters of the spinning are as follows: the spinning voltage is 10-30 kV, the spinning liquid supply rate is 0.1-3 mL/h, the spinning temperature is 5-35 ℃, and the spinning humidity is 10-90%.
6. The method for preparing covalently bonded organic framework nanofibers according to claim 1, wherein in step (3), the heat treatment is performed under heating conditions, and the heating method comprises:
heating the system to 140-160 ℃, preserving heat for 0.3-2 h, heating to 260-300 ℃, preserving heat for 0.5-2 h, heating to 300-450 ℃, preserving heat for 0.5-2 h, and finishing the heating; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
in the step (3), after the heat treatment is finished, the method further comprises a step of removing the tackifier by pyrolysis and/or solvent soaking.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the covalent bonding of the organic framework nanofiber is achieved by a covalent bonding process,
the heating rate is 0.1-10 ℃/min; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the heat treatment is carried out under the protection of inert gas or under vacuum condition.
8. The method of preparing a covalently bonded organic framework nanofiber according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
(1) mixing an acidic compound, polyamine and a tackifier in a solvent for 5-30 h at the temperature of not higher than 60 ℃ to obtain a precursor solution, wherein the molar ratio of the acidic compound to the polyamine is 1 (0.1-10);
(2) adding an additive into the precursor solution obtained in the step (1), and spinning by using an electrostatic spinning instrument under the conditions that the voltage is 10-30 kV, the liquid supply rate is 0.1-3 mL/h, the temperature is 5-35 ℃, and the humidity is 10-90% to obtain precursor fibers;
(3) carrying out heat treatment on the precursor fiber obtained in the step (2) under the conditions of inert gas protection and heating to obtain the organic framework nanofiber, wherein the heating method comprises the following steps: and heating the system to 140-160 ℃ at the rate of 0.1-10 ℃/min, preserving heat for 0.3-2 h, heating to 260-300 ℃ at the rate of 0.1-10 ℃/min, preserving heat for 0.5-2 h, heating to 300-450 ℃ at the rate of 0.1-10 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 0.5-2 h to finish the heating.
9. The covalent bond organic framework nanofiber is characterized by being prepared by the preparation method of the covalent bond organic framework nanofiber as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the covalent bond organic framework nanofiber comprises a network structure formed by a plurality of fibers, the diameter of each fiber is 100-2000 nm, and the network structure is provided with a plurality of nanoscale holes.
10. Use of the covalently bonded organic framework nanofibers according to claim 9 for hydrogen storage, gas separation, drug adsorption, metal ion adsorption or as carbon fiber precursors.
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| CN115101349A (en) * | 2022-07-11 | 2022-09-23 | 上海大学 | Flexible self-supporting covalent organic framework fibrous membrane and preparation method and application thereof |
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| CN115093566A (en) * | 2022-06-14 | 2022-09-23 | 闽都创新实验室 | Covalent organic framework material with electrochromic property and preparation method thereof |
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