CN114214624B - Preparation method of composite coating of steel material - Google Patents
Preparation method of composite coating of steel material Download PDFInfo
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- CN114214624B CN114214624B CN202111563023.XA CN202111563023A CN114214624B CN 114214624 B CN114214624 B CN 114214624B CN 202111563023 A CN202111563023 A CN 202111563023A CN 114214624 B CN114214624 B CN 114214624B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C26/00—Coating not provided for in groups C23C2/00 - C23C24/00
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
- C23C4/06—Metallic material
- C23C4/08—Metallic material containing only metal elements
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
- C23C4/123—Spraying molten metal
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
- C23C4/129—Flame spraying
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
- C25D11/02—Anodisation
- C25D11/34—Anodisation of metals or alloys not provided for in groups C25D11/04 - C25D11/32
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
- Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)
Abstract
The application relates to the technical field of metal material surface treatment, and discloses a preparation method of a composite coating of a steel material, which comprises the following steps of; step 1, firstly, carrying out sand blasting treatment on the surface of a base material; step 2, preparing a thermal spraying aluminum coating on the surface of the substrate; step 3, preparing a high-temperature-resistant organic coating on the surface of the thermal spraying aluminum coating; step 4, polishing the surface, grinding off the crest to expose the thermal spraying aluminum coating, wherein the exposed part of the thermal spraying aluminum coating is distributed in an island chain shape, and preparing a hard anodic oxidation film layer on the surface of the exposed thermal spraying aluminum coating; and 5, finally, preparing a high-temperature-resistant organic coating on the surface of the coating. Has the advantages of high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance and wear resistance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of surface treatment of metal materials, in particular to a preparation method of a composite coating of a steel material.
Background
At present, many devices and parts thereof such as a high-temperature boiler, a chimney, a high-temperature flue, an exhaust pipeline, a radiator and the like under the condition of ocean atmospheric environment need to be subjected to the influence of severe ocean atmospheric environments such as high temperature, high humidity, high salt, high radiation and the like, and meanwhile, the devices and parts thereof need to be subjected to the influence of complex working condition environments such as high temperature above 300 ℃, high/low temperature impact, friction and abrasion and the like, so that corrosion damage is very easy to occur in the use process, and the use safety, reliability and service life of the devices are directly influenced.
The existing high-temperature resistant protection technology mainly comprises a metal coating/plating protection technology and an organic high-temperature resistant coating protection technology. The metal coating/plating layer is extremely easy to generate corrosion damage under severe marine environment conditions; the corrosion resistance of the organic high-temperature-resistant coating can be greatly attenuated under the condition of cold/hot alternating temperature impact, and meanwhile, the organic high-temperature-resistant coating has relatively weak friction and wear protection performance; even if the protection form of thermal spraying and organic high-temperature resistant coating is adopted, the thermal spraying metal at the weak part of the protection of the organic high-temperature resistant coating caused by rough surface of the thermal spraying coating is often severely corroded or the thermal spraying metal is severely corroded caused by the performance reduction of the organic high-temperature resistant coating under the high/low temperature alternating action, so that the large-area stripping phenomenon of the high-temperature resistant organic coating is caused, and the surface performance of the metal is greatly influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of a composite coating of a steel material, which aims to solve the problem that the steel material is poor in high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance and wear resistance.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides a preparation method of a composite coating of steel materials, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of;
step 1, firstly, carrying out sand blasting treatment on the surface of a base material;
step 2, preparing a thermal spraying aluminum coating on the surface of the substrate;
step 3, preparing a high-temperature-resistant organic coating on the surface of the thermal spraying aluminum coating;
step 4, polishing the surface, grinding off the crest to expose the thermal spraying aluminum coating, wherein the exposed part of the thermal spraying aluminum coating is distributed in an island chain shape, and preparing a hard anodic oxidation film layer on the surface of the exposed thermal spraying aluminum coating;
and 5, finally, preparing a high-temperature-resistant organic coating on the surface of the coating.
In order to improve the combination stability of the high-temperature-resistant organic coating and the thermal spraying aluminum coating, in the step 2, the high-temperature treatment is carried out after the preparation of the high-temperature-resistant organic coating.
Further, the temperature of the high-temperature treatment is 300-600 ℃ after the preparation of the high-temperature resistant organic coating on the surface of the thermal spraying aluminum coating is finished, and the heat treatment time is 30-90 min.
In order to prevent the hard anodic oxide film from being easily formed or ablated, and improve the corrosion resistance and the wear resistance of the surface of the thermal spraying aluminum coating, the exposed thermal spraying aluminum coating accounts for 20-70% of the total area of the coating during polishing treatment.
Preferably, in order to improve the overall wear resistance of the composite coating, the thickness of the high-temperature-resistant organic coating on the surface of the thermal spraying aluminum coating is less than or equal to 50 mu m, and the thickness of the high-temperature-resistant organic coating prepared on the surface of the hard anodic oxide film is more than or equal to 30 mu m.
Preferably, the high temperature resistant organic coating is a silicone coating or a polyimide coating.
Preferably, the preparation method of the hard anodic oxide film adopts a sulfuric acid method or a mixed acid method.
The preparation method of the thermal spraying aluminum coating adopts flame spraying, electric arc spraying, supersonic flame spraying or plasma spraying.
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1, firstly, performing sand blasting on a base material, namely, performing jet treatment on the surface of the base material by using 16-200 meshes of silicon carbide respectively to ensure that the roughness Rz of the surface of the steel is more than or equal to 12 mu m and less than or equal to 70 mu m, and then cleaning the surface of the base material by using an organic solvent;
step 2, after the sand blasting is finished, preheating the steel matrix, wherein the preheating conditions are as follows: the temperature is 80-200 ℃ and the time is 30-90 min; the hot spraying aluminum is made of pure aluminum wires with Al more than or equal to 99.7 percent or aluminum alloy materials with Mg less than or equal to 5 percent; when spraying, the spray gun and the working surface are kept at 90 degrees, the spraying treatment is carried out on the premise of keeping the distance between 150mm and 200mm, a plurality of uniform spraying channels are adopted, and the thickness of the thermal aluminum spraying coating is controlled to be 100-250 mu m;
step 3, preparing a high-temperature-resistant organic coating on the thermal spraying aluminum coating, wherein the solid content is 10% -60% when the high-temperature-resistant organic coating is prepared by adopting a spraying method; when the preparation is carried out by adopting a dip coating method, the solid content is 10% -40%; when the paint is prepared by a brush coating method, the solid content is 30% -70%;
step 4, after the preparation of the high-temperature-resistant organic coating is finished, carrying out high-temperature treatment on the whole high-temperature-resistant organic coating;
step 5, polishing after the preparation of the high-temperature-resistant organic coating on the surface of the thermal spraying aluminum coating is finished, and polishing off the peak to expose the thermal spraying aluminum coating, wherein the exposed part of the thermal spraying aluminum coating is distributed in an island chain shape;
step 6, preparing a hard anodic oxidation film layer on the surface of the exposed thermal spraying aluminum coating;
and 7, repeating the step 3, and preparing a high-temperature-resistant organic coating on the surface of the hard anodic oxide film.
The beneficial effects are that: 1. according to the preparation method of the composite coating of the steel material, disclosed by the invention, the problem that the single metal coating or the organic coating is poor in protective performance under the marine atmospheric environment, particularly under the high-temperature/normal-temperature alternating working condition is solved by the synergistic effect of the thermal aluminum spraying coating and the high-temperature-resistant organic coating, and the corrosion resistance of the steel material under the marine atmospheric environment is greatly improved.
2. The invention solves the technical problem of preparing the hard anodic oxide film on the surface of the hot-spraying aluminum coating, the hot-spraying aluminum coating has higher porosity, and the hard anodic oxide film prepared on the surface of the hot-spraying aluminum coating, especially the surface of the thinner hot-spraying aluminum coating, is easy to generate the phenomenon of no film formation or ablation; the invention well solves the technical problem by the sealing effect of the high-temperature-resistant organic coating on the trough of the surface of the thermal aluminum coating, and greatly improves the corrosion resistance and the wear resistance of the surface of the thermal aluminum coating.
3. The island chain-shaped hard anodic oxide film prepared on the surface of the thermal spraying aluminum coating has the characteristics of strong binding force with the thermal spraying aluminum coating and good wear resistance, can play a good role in supporting a framework, solves the problem of poor wear resistance in the use process of the conventional high-temperature-resistant organic coating, and greatly improves the wear resistance and the service life of the composite coating.
4. According to the invention, through the filling effect of the high-temperature-resistant organic coating on the trough of the thermal aluminum-spraying coating, the matching property of the thermal aluminum-spraying/high-temperature-resistant organic coating and the corrosion resistance of the high-temperature-resistant organic coating on the weak part of the peak of the thermal aluminum-spraying coating are effectively improved through polishing and hard anodic oxidation treatment on the peak, the problem that the coating is easy to generate white rust, corrode and fall off and the like due to the weak part of the high-temperature-resistant organic coating in the process of matching use of the thermal aluminum-spraying/high-temperature-resistant organic coating is solved, and the comprehensive performance of the composite coating in the process of use is greatly improved.
5. According to the invention, through the filling effect of the high-temperature-resistant organic coating on the trough of the thermal aluminum-spraying coating and the embedding effect of the hard anodic oxide film on the high-temperature-resistant organic coating, the problem of performance attenuation of the high-temperature-resistant organic coating in the high-temperature/normal-temperature cold-hot circulation process is well solved, the stability and the service life of the composite coating in the working process are improved, and the high-temperature-resistant, corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant integrated composite protective coating is formed.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the present invention is provided, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments, and modifications made to the present invention are also within the scope of the claims of the present invention without departing from the principle of the present invention.
A preparation method of a composite coating of steel materials comprises the following specific steps:
step 1, firstly, the surface of a base material is sprayed with sand, and then the surface of the base material can be sprayed with 16-200 meshes of silicon carbide to remove rust, oxide skin and other pollutants on the surface of the base material, so that the roughness of the surface of the steel material is 12 mu m or less and Rz or less than 70 mu m, and then the surface of the base material is further cleaned by using organic solvents such as acetone to form a dry and clean surface;
step 2, after the sand blasting is finished, preparing a thermal spraying aluminum coating, wherein the thermal spraying aluminum coating can be prepared by any one of flame spraying, electric arc spraying, supersonic flame spraying or plasma spraying;
before the preparation of the thermal spraying aluminum coating, the substrate should be subjected to preheating treatment to remove moisture or water on the surface of the sample, wherein the preheating treatment conditions are as follows: the temperature is 80-200 ℃ and the time is 30-90 min; the hot spraying aluminum is made of pure aluminum wires with Al more than or equal to 99.7 percent or aluminum alloy materials with Mg less than or equal to 5 percent; when spraying, the spray gun and the working surface are kept at 90 degrees, and the spraying treatment is carried out on the premise that the distance is kept between 150mm and 200 mm; the thermal spraying adopts a multi-spraying mode, each spraying mode should keep the surface of the coating uniform, and the coating cannot generate defects such as falling, foaming, cracking, loosening or stacking; the thickness of the thermal spraying aluminum coating is controlled to be 100-250 mu m;
step 3, preparing a high-temperature-resistant organic coating on the thermal spraying aluminum coating, wherein the solid content is 10% -60% when the high-temperature-resistant organic coating is prepared by adopting a spraying method; when the preparation is carried out by adopting a dip coating method, the solid content is 10% -40%; when the coating is prepared by adopting a brushing method, the solid content is 30-70%, a uniform high-temperature-resistant organic coating is prepared, and the thickness range of the coating is 10-50 mu m;
and step 4, after the preparation of the high-temperature-resistant organic coating is finished, carrying out high-temperature treatment on the whole coating, wherein the high-temperature treatment is generally not limited to atmosphere and can be carried out under atmosphere, vacuum or inert gas protection atmosphere. The high-temperature treatment temperature is 300-600 ℃, the heat treatment time is 30-90 min, and the high-temperature resistant organic coating after heat treatment has good binding force with the thermal spraying aluminum coating and has no peeling or falling off and other phenomena;
step 5, polishing treatment is carried out after the preparation of the high-temperature-resistant organic coating on the surface of the thermal spraying aluminum coating, so that metal aluminum at the crest of the thermal spraying aluminum coating is exposed, and the preparation of a hard anodic oxidation film layer is carried out in the next step;
the polishing treatment is mainly performed by adopting a manual or electric tool mode, the polishing treatment is performed to expose metal aluminum, but the high-temperature-resistant organic coating at the trough of the thermal spraying aluminum coating is not damaged. According to the working condition of the workpiece, the exposed area of the metal aluminum can be properly increased or reduced, so that the proportion of the hard anodic oxide film (discontinuous island chain shape) in the subsequent high-temperature-resistant organic coating is controlled. The volume percentage of the hard anodic oxide film is more than or equal to 20 percent;
step 6, preparing a hard anodic oxide film on the surface of the hot sprayed aluminum, and preparing a hard anodic oxide film layer by adopting an electrochemical method after pretreatment processes such as solvent degreasing, alkali washing, water washing, acid washing, polishing, water washing and the like are sequentially carried out;
the main component of the alkaline washing liquid is sodium hydroxide with the content of 45-65 g/L and sodium gluconate with the content of 0.5-10 g/L; the alkaline washing temperature is 40-60 ℃ and the time is 1-5 min; the main component of the acid washing light liquid is nitric acid concentration of 20% -50%, the acid washing temperature is room temperature, and the time is 3-10 min; the electrochemical preparation of the hard anodic oxide film can adopt sulfuric acidProcess, mixed acid process, and other solution processes; the main components of the solution for preparing the hard anodic oxide film by the sulfuric acid method are sulfuric acid, aluminum sulfate and glycerol, wherein the sulfuric acid is 150-350 g/L, the aluminum sulfate is 5-30 g/L, and the glycerol is 5-20 g/L. The sulfuric acid process is generally used for preparing the hard anodic oxide film by adopting direct current; the technological conditions are that the temperature is 0 ℃ to minus 10 ℃ and the current density is 2.0 to 8.0A/dm 2 The preparation time is 60-120 min;
the main components of the hard anodic oxide film solution prepared by the mixed acid method are sulfuric acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, sulfonated anthracene additive and aluminum sulfate, wherein the sulfuric acid is 10-80 g/L, the tartaric acid is 25-55 g/L, the citric acid is 10-30 g/L, the sulfonated anthracene additive is 10-20 g/L, and the aluminum sulfate is 5-30 g/L; the preparation of the hard anodic oxide film by the mixed acid method generally adopts direct current; the technological conditions are that the temperature is 0 to minus 10 ℃ and the current density is 1.5 to 5.5A/dm 2 The preparation time is 60-120 min;
step 7, after the preparation of the hard anodic oxide film is finished, the preparation of the high-temperature-resistant organic coating can be directly carried out, the type of the coating adopted for preparing the high-temperature-resistant organic coating can be the same as that of the step 3, other coatings can also be selected, and the prepared coating has good binding force with the hard anodic oxide film and the high-temperature-resistant organic coating prepared in the step 3;
in order to improve the overall wear resistance of the composite coating, the thickness of the high-temperature-resistant organic coating prepared by the step is matched with that of the hard anodic oxidation film layer, the thickness range of the high-temperature-resistant organic coating is more than or equal to 30 mu m, and the prepared composite coating is flat and smooth in appearance.
Example 1
The test piece base material is made of 40Cr steel, the specification is 150mm multiplied by 100mm multiplied by 3mm, and the surface is milled to have the roughness Ra1.6 for later use.
(1) Sand blasting: firstly, cleaning a sample by using acetone to remove grease on the surface; then adopting 60-mesh carborundum to carry out spray treatment on the surface of the base material; then cleaning the surface of the sample by adopting acetone again; and drying the test piece to form a dried and clean surface for later use.
(2) Preparing a thermal spraying aluminum coating: and (3) heating the sample in an oven to 200 ℃ for 30min, placing the sample on a tool rack, and performing aluminum spraying treatment by adopting a flame spraying method, wherein the aluminum material is pure aluminum wires with Al being more than or equal to 99.7%, and the thermal spraying spray gun is a QX-1 type high-speed spray gun. In the spraying process, the acetylene pressure is 0.05Mpa, the oxygen pressure is 0.4Mpa, the air pressure is 0.4Mpa, the spraying angle is controlled at 90 degrees, and the spraying distance is 180mm; the aluminum spraying process adopts a mode of multiple spraying, the surface of the coating is controlled to be uniform, and defects such as falling, foaming, cracking, loosening or stacking and the like are avoided, and the average thickness of the coating is 120 mu m.
(3) Preparing a high-temperature-resistant organic coating on the surface of the thermal spraying aluminum: and preparing a high-temperature-resistant organic coating on the surface of the thermal aluminum spraying by adopting an air spraying method, wherein the high-temperature-resistant coating adopts W30-1 organosilicon coating, and the solid content of the coating is 55%. When spraying, the average distance between the spray gun and the sample is 25cm, the feeding amount, the air inflow and the spraying speed of the spray gun are controlled, after spraying for many times, the average dry film thickness of the high-temperature-resistant organic coating is controlled to be 30 mu m, the sample is placed into a baking oven at 170 ℃, the sample is solidified for 40min, and the sample is cooled to room temperature and taken out.
(4) High temperature treatment: the sample was placed in an oven and heated to 400 c for 30 minutes, cooled to room temperature, and removed.
(5) And (3) polishing the high-temperature-resistant organic coating: and (3) manually polishing the surface of the sample by using 600# abrasive paper, controlling polishing time and polishing force, flattening the wave crest on the surface of the sample, exposing part of hot spraying aluminum metal, and controlling the exposed area of the aluminum metal to occupy 45% of the total area of the sample so as to enable the aluminum metal to be distributed in an island chain shape.
(6) Preparation of a hard anodic oxide film: wiping the polished sample with absorbent cotton dipped with acetone; then soaking in alkaline washing liquid with the average temperature of 50 ℃ for 60s, wherein the alkaline washing liquid comprises the following main components: 55g/L of sodium hydroxide and 2.5g/L of sodium gluconate; rinsing with tap water for 40s; soaking in 30% dilute nitric acid at room temperature for 3min; rinsing with tap water for 30s; preparing a hard anodic oxide film according to the solution formula and the process conditions given in table 1 for 90min; then rinsing for 60s by tap water; and blow-drying the test piece for later use.
TABLE 1 preparation process of sulfuric acid process hard anodic oxide film
(7) Preparation of a high-temperature-resistant organic coating: and (3) preparing a high-temperature-resistant organic coating on the surface of the sample (6) by adopting an air spraying method, wherein the high-temperature-resistant coating adopts a W30-1 organosilicon coating, and the solid content of the coating is 55%. When spraying, the average distance between the spray gun and the sample is 25cm, the feeding amount, the air inflow and the spraying speed of the spray gun are controlled, after spraying for many times, the average dry film thickness of the high-temperature-resistant organic coating is controlled to be 35 mu m, the sample is placed into a baking oven at 170 ℃, the curing treatment is carried out for 40min, the sample is cooled to the room temperature, and the sample is taken out to obtain the high-temperature-resistant corrosion-resistant wear-resistant composite coating of the steel material.
The appearance of the high-temperature-resistant corrosion-resistant wear-resistant composite coating of the steel material prepared by the embodiment is a black uniform coating; the average thickness of the composite coating was 155. Mu.m, as measured by GB/T13452.2-2008 paint film thickness of the paint and varnish. The composite coating was tested according to the rotary rubber wheel method for determining the abrasion resistance of GB/T1768-2006 paint and varnish, and the average abrasion amount of the composite coating was 5.1mg/1000r (pressure 10N, abrasion wheel CS-10). The adhesion of the composite coating is tested according to the GB/T5210-2006 paint and varnish pull-apart adhesion test, and the adhesion of the composite coating is 17.2MPa. The thermal shock test is adopted to check the temperature resistance of the coating, the specific test method is that a sample piece is kept at 550 ℃ for 15min, then immersed in normal temperature water for quenching treatment, the sample piece is taken out and dried after being cooled to the room temperature, and a 10-time magnifying glass is used for observing whether cracking, peeling and other phenomena occur on the surface of the coating; after 10 times of thermal shock cycle test and examination, the surface coating of the sample has no peeling, falling off or peeling and the like, which shows that the coating has good high temperature resistance and temperature impact resistance. After 10 times of thermal shock cycle test and examination, according to the measurement method of the neutral salt spray resistance of GB/T1771-2007 paint and varnish, 5% neutral salt spray test is carried out for 3000 hours, and according to the evaluation method of the ageing of GB/T1766-2008 paint and varnish coating, the comprehensive grade is 0 grade. ( And (3) injection: according to GB/T1766, the comprehensive grade of the coating is 0 grade, preferably 5 grade and worst. )
Example 2
The test piece base material is 45 steel with the specification of 150mm multiplied by 100mm multiplied by 3mm, and the surface is milled to have the roughness Ra1.6 for standby.
(1) Samples were treated as in (1) to (2) of example 1.
(2) The preparation of the high-temperature-resistant organic coating on the surface of the thermal spraying aluminum comprises the step of preparing the high-temperature-resistant organic coating on the surface of the thermal spraying aluminum by adopting an air spraying method, wherein the high-temperature-resistant coating adopts WS120 polyimide coating, and the solid content of the coating is 30%. When spraying, the average distance between the spray gun and the sample is 25cm, the feeding amount, the air inflow and the spraying speed of the spray gun are controlled, after spraying for many times, the average dry film thickness of the high-temperature-resistant organic coating is controlled to be 30 mu m, the sample is placed into a 180 ℃ oven, the solidification treatment is carried out for 30min, the sample is cooled to the room temperature, and the sample is taken out.
(3) High temperature treatment: the sample was placed in an oven and heated to 350 c for 30 minutes, cooled to room temperature, and removed.
(4) The sample was treated as in (5) of example 1.
(5) The sample was treated as in (6) of example 1.
(6) Preparation of a high-temperature-resistant organic coating: and (3) preparing a high-temperature-resistant organic coating on the surface of the sample (5) by adopting an air spraying method, wherein the high-temperature-resistant coating adopts WS120 polyimide coating, and the solid content of the coating is 30%. When spraying, the average distance between the spray gun and the sample is 25cm, the feeding amount, the air inflow and the spraying speed of the spray gun are controlled, after spraying for many times, the average dry film thickness of the high-temperature-resistant organic coating is controlled to be 35 mu m, the sample is placed into a 180 ℃ oven, the curing treatment is carried out for 30min, the sample is cooled to the room temperature, and the sample is taken out to obtain the high-temperature-resistant corrosion-resistant wear-resistant composite coating of the steel material.
The appearance of the high-temperature-resistant corrosion-resistant wear-resistant composite coating of the steel material prepared by the embodiment is a gray black uniform coating; the average thickness of the composite coating was 150. Mu.m, as measured by GB/T13452.2-2008 paint film thickness of the paint and varnish. The composite coating was tested according to the rotary rubber wheel method for determining the abrasion resistance of GB/T1768-2006 paint and varnish, and the average abrasion amount of the composite coating was 4.3mg/1000r (pressure 10N, abrasion wheel CS-10). The adhesion of the composite coating is tested according to the GB/T5210-2006 paint and varnish pull-apart adhesion test, and the adhesion of the composite coating is 16.3MPa. The thermal shock test is adopted to check the temperature resistance of the coating, the specific test method is that a sample piece is kept at 350 ℃ for 15min, then immersed in normal temperature water for quenching treatment, the sample piece is taken out and dried after being cooled to the room temperature, and a 10-time magnifying glass is used for observing whether cracking, peeling and other phenomena occur on the surface of the coating; after 10 times of thermal shock cycle test and examination, the surface coating of the sample has no peeling, falling off or peeling and the like, which shows that the coating has good high temperature resistance and temperature impact resistance. After 10 times of thermal shock cycle test and examination, according to the measurement method of the neutral salt spray resistance of GB/T1771-2007 paint and varnish, 5% neutral salt spray test is carried out for 3000 hours, and according to the evaluation method of the ageing of GB/T1766-2008 paint and varnish coating, the comprehensive grade is 0 grade.
Example 3
Q235B is selected as a test piece substrate, the specification is 150mm multiplied by 100mm multiplied by 3mm, and the surface is milled to have the roughness Ra1.6 for later use.
(1) Samples were treated as in (1) to (2) of example 1.
(2) The preparation of the high-temperature-resistant organic coating on the surface of the thermal spraying aluminum comprises the step of preparing the high-temperature-resistant organic coating on the surface of the thermal spraying aluminum by adopting an air spraying method, wherein the high-temperature-resistant coating adopts WS120 polyimide coating, and the solid content of the coating is 30%. When spraying, the average distance between the spray gun and the sample is 25cm, the feeding amount, the air inflow and the spraying speed of the spray gun are controlled, after spraying for many times, the average dry film thickness of the high-temperature-resistant organic coating is controlled to be 30 mu m, the sample is placed into a 180 ℃ oven, the solidification treatment is carried out for 30min, the sample is cooled to the room temperature, and the sample is taken out.
(3) High temperature treatment: the sample was placed in an oven and heated to 350 c for 30 minutes, cooled to room temperature, and removed.
(4) The sample was treated as in (5) of example 1.
(5) Preparation of a hard anodic oxide film: wiping the polished sample with absorbent cotton dipped with acetone; then soaking in alkaline washing liquid at 50+/-5 ℃ for 60 seconds, wherein the alkaline washing liquid comprises the following main components: 55g/L of sodium hydroxide and 2.5g/L of sodium gluconate; rinsing with tap water for 60s; soaking in 30% dilute nitric acid at room temperature for 3min; rinsing with tap water for 30s; preparing a hard anodic oxide film according to the solution formula and the process conditions given in Table 2 for 100min; then rinsing for 60s by tap water; and blow-drying the test piece for later use.
Table 2 preparation process of hard anodic oxide film by mixed acid method
(6) Preparation of a high-temperature-resistant organic coating: and (3) preparing a high-temperature-resistant organic coating on the surface of the sample (5) by adopting an air spraying method, wherein the high-temperature-resistant coating adopts a W30-1 organosilicon coating, and the solid content of the coating is 55%. When spraying, the average distance between the spray gun and the sample is 25cm, the feeding amount, the air inflow and the spraying speed of the spray gun are controlled, after spraying for many times, the average dry film thickness of the high-temperature-resistant organic coating is controlled to be 35 mu m, the sample is placed into a baking oven at 170 ℃, the curing treatment is carried out for 40min, the sample is cooled to the room temperature, and the sample is taken out to obtain the high-temperature-resistant corrosion-resistant wear-resistant composite coating of the steel material.
The appearance of the high-temperature-resistant corrosion-resistant wear-resistant composite coating of the steel material prepared by the embodiment is a black uniform coating; the average thickness of the composite coating was 155. Mu.m, as measured by GB/T13452.2-2008 paint film thickness of the paint and varnish. The composite coating was tested according to the rotary rubber wheel method for determining the abrasion resistance of GB/T1768-2006 paint and varnish, and the average abrasion amount of the composite coating was 5.5mg/1000r (pressure 10N, abrasion wheel CS-10). The adhesion of the composite coating is tested according to the GB/T5210-2006 paint and varnish pull-apart adhesion test, and the adhesion of the composite coating is 14.5MPa. The thermal shock test is adopted to check the temperature resistance of the coating, the specific test method is that a sample piece is kept at 450 ℃ for 15min, then immersed in normal temperature water for quenching treatment, the sample piece is taken out and dried after being cooled to the room temperature, and a 10-time magnifying glass is used for observing whether cracking, peeling and other phenomena occur on the surface of the coating; after 10 times of thermal shock cycle test and examination, the surface coating of the sample has no peeling, falling off or peeling and the like, which shows that the coating has good high temperature resistance and temperature impact resistance. After 10 times of thermal shock cycle test and examination, according to the measurement method of the neutral salt spray resistance of GB/T1771-2007 paint and varnish, 5% neutral salt spray test is carried out for 3000 hours, and according to the evaluation method of the ageing of GB/T1766-2008 paint and varnish coating, the comprehensive grade is 0 grade.
Control experiment 1
Q235B is selected as a test piece substrate, the test piece specification is 100mm multiplied by 3mm, a W30-1 organic coating is sprayed after the test piece is treated according to the method (1) of the embodiment 1, the average dry film thickness of the coating is 75 mu m, the abrasion resistance of the coating is tested by using GB/T1768-2006, and the average abrasion amount of the coating is 27.3mg/1000r (the pressure is 10N, and the abrasion wheel CS-10); after a 5% neutral salt spray test is carried out for 480 hours by using GB/T1771, the comprehensive grade of the coating is 5 according to an evaluation method of GB/T1766-2008 color paint and varnish coating aging.
Control experiment 2
Q235B is selected as a test piece substrate, the test piece specification is 100mm multiplied by 3mm, a WS120 polyimide coating is sprayed after the test piece is processed according to the method (1) of the embodiment 1, the average dry film thickness of the coating is 50 mu m, the abrasion resistance of the coating is tested by using GB/T1768-2006, and the average abrasion amount of the coating is 17.7mg/1000r (the pressure is 10N, and the abrasion wheel CS-10); after a 5% neutral salt spray test is carried out for 480 hours by using GB/T1771, the comprehensive grade of the coating is 2 according to an evaluation method of GB/T1766-2008 color paint and varnish coating aging.
Compared with the W30-1 organic coating and the WS120 polyimide coating, the abrasion resistance and the corrosion resistance of the examples 1-3 are greatly improved.
In conclusion, the steel material high-temperature resistant, corrosion resistant and wear resistant composite coating formed by the preparation method of the invention has the thickness range of 140-160 mu m according to GB/T13452.2-2008; the average abrasion loss is 3-10 mg/1000r (pressure 10N, abrasion wheel CS-10) measured according to GB/T1768-2006; after 10 times of thermal shock cycle test and examination, the comprehensive rating is 0 grade after 3000 hours of 5% neutral salt fog test according to GB/T1771-2007 measurement; the adhesive force of the composite coating is 10 MPa-20 MPa measured according to GB/T5210-2006; the temperature resistance of the composite coating is less than or equal to 600 ℃ according to the measurement of a thermal shock test method.
Claims (10)
1. The preparation method of the composite coating of the steel material is characterized by comprising the following steps of;
step 1, firstly, carrying out sand blasting treatment on the surface of a base material;
step 2, preparing a thermal spraying aluminum coating on the surface of the substrate;
step 3, preparing a high-temperature-resistant organic coating on the surface of the thermal spraying aluminum coating;
step 4, polishing the surface, grinding off the crest to expose the thermal spraying aluminum coating, wherein the exposed part of the thermal spraying aluminum coating is distributed in an island chain shape, and preparing a hard anodic oxidation film layer on the surface of the exposed thermal spraying aluminum coating;
and 5, finally, preparing a high-temperature-resistant organic coating on the surface of the coating.
2. The method for preparing the composite coating of steel material according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 2, the high temperature resistant organic coating is prepared and then subjected to high temperature treatment.
3. The method for preparing the composite coating of steel material according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the high-temperature treatment temperature is 300-600 ℃ after the preparation of the high-temperature-resistant organic coating on the surface of the thermal spraying aluminum coating is finished, and the heat treatment time is 30-90 min.
4. The method for preparing the composite coating of steel material according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the exposed thermal spraying aluminum coating after polishing accounts for 20% -70% of the total area of the coating.
5. The method for preparing the composite coating of steel material according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the high-temperature-resistant organic coating on the surface of the thermal spraying aluminum coating is uniform and has the thickness of less than or equal to 50 mu m, and the high-temperature-resistant organic coating prepared on the surface of the hard anodic oxide film is uniform and has the thickness of more than or equal to 30 mu m.
6. The method for preparing the composite coating of steel material according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that: the high temperature resistant organic coating adopts an organosilicon coating or a polyimide coating.
7. The method for preparing the composite coating of steel material according to claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the preparation method of the hard anodic oxide film adopts a sulfuric acid method or a mixed acid method.
8. The method for preparing the composite coating of steel material according to claim 7, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the preparation method of the thermal spraying aluminum coating adopts flame spraying, electric arc spraying or plasma spraying.
9. The method for preparing the composite coating of steel material according to claim 8, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the flame spraying adopts supersonic flame spraying.
10. The method for preparing the composite coating of steel material according to claim 8 or 9, characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, firstly, carrying out sand blasting on a base material, respectively selecting silicon carbide with the number of 16-200 meshes to carry out jet treatment on the surface of the base material, so that the roughness Rz of the surface of the steel material is more than or equal to 12 mu m and less than or equal to 70 mu m, and then cleaning the surface of the base material by using an organic solvent;
step 2, after the sand blasting is completed, preheating the base material, wherein the preheating conditions are as follows: 80-200 ℃ and 30-90 min; the hot spraying aluminum is made of pure aluminum wires with Al more than or equal to 99.7 percent or aluminum alloy materials with Mg less than or equal to 5 percent; when in spraying, the spray gun and the working surface are kept at 90 degrees, the spraying treatment is carried out on the premise that the distance is kept at 150 mm-200 mm, a plurality of uniform spraying channels are adopted, and the thickness of the thermal aluminum spraying coating is controlled to be 100-250 mu m;
step 3, preparing a high-temperature-resistant organic coating on the thermal spraying aluminum coating, wherein the solid content is 10% -60% when the high-temperature-resistant organic coating is prepared by adopting a spraying method; when the coating is prepared by a dip coating method, the solid content is 10% -40%; when the paint is prepared by a brush coating method, the solid content is 30% -70%;
step 4, after the preparation of the high-temperature-resistant organic coating is finished, carrying out high-temperature treatment on the whole high-temperature-resistant organic coating;
step 5, polishing after the preparation of the high-temperature-resistant organic coating on the surface of the thermal spraying aluminum coating is finished, and polishing off the peak to expose the thermal spraying aluminum coating, wherein the exposed part of the thermal spraying aluminum coating is distributed in an island chain shape;
step 6, preparing a hard anodic oxidation film layer on the surface of the exposed thermal spraying aluminum coating;
and 7, repeating the step 3, and preparing a high-temperature-resistant organic coating on the surface of the hard anodic oxide film.
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| JPS60194094A (en) * | 1984-03-13 | 1985-10-02 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | Steel material thermally sprayed with aluminum having high corrosion resistance |
| CN1072872A (en) * | 1991-12-02 | 1993-06-09 | 颜彩玉 | Method for surface treatment of aluminium cauldron body |
| JP2000026997A (en) * | 1998-07-13 | 2000-01-25 | Yamaha Motor Co Ltd | Anodic oxidation of aluminum alloy |
| FR2838127A1 (en) * | 2002-04-08 | 2003-10-10 | Atofina | Coated metal surface, especially tube, has a coating comprising a polyamide and a polyolefin functionalized with an unsaturated carboxylic anhydride |
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