CN114213760A - Hemp-coconut shell hybrid polypropylene composite material and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Hemp-coconut shell hybrid polypropylene composite material and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
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- C08L23/12—Polypropene
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
- C08L2205/14—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing polymeric additives characterised by shape
- C08L2205/16—Fibres; Fibrils
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Abstract
The invention discloses a hemp-coconut shell hybrid polypropylene composite material and a preparation method and application thereof, and relates to the technical field of composite material preparation. The composite material takes plant fiber as reinforced fiber and polypropylene as a matrix; the plant fiber is obtained by mixing hemp fiber and coconut shell fiber according to the mass ratio of 0:1-7: 3; the mass ratio of the plant fiber to the polypropylene is 3: 7. The preparation method comprises the following steps: firstly, carrying out alkali treatment on hemp fibers and coconut shell fibers; then, the hemp fiber and the coconut shell fiber after the alkali treatment are washed to be neutral, dried and layered and compounded on the polypropylene-based basement membrane according to the mixing ratio, and the composite material is obtained. The composite material can realize mechanical properties superior to those of a glass fiber/polypropylene composite material, has feasibility of replacing the glass fiber/polypropylene composite material, has the characteristics of light weight, environmental protection and the like inherent in natural fiber materials, is simple in preparation process, and has great popularization and application values.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of composite material preparation, in particular to a hemp-coconut shell hybrid polypropylene composite material and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
At present, household automobiles become the most important vehicles, and composite materials are one of the important materials commonly used in automobile production at present.
The composite materials are various, the most common composite materials are glass fiber and polypropylene mixed composite materials, wherein, research and discussion results of factors such as the addition of a compatibilizer maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (PPg-MAH) extrusion process, the length of glass fiber and the like show that the addition of PP-gMAH can obviously improve the mechanical property of the glass fiber reinforced composite material; the preparation research of the handsome and the like on the long glass fiber reinforced polypropylene composite material shows that the long glass fiber/polypropylene composite material with good mechanical property and satisfactory appearance can be prepared by adding the cooling master batch with the mass fraction of 2% in the formula and selecting the A-type long glass fiber. Meanwhile, compared with the general Polypropylene Plastic (PP), the glass fiber reinforced polypropylene (PPG) has excellent mechanical property, good temperature resistance, aging resistance, molding processability and the like. But the glass fiber and polypropylene composite material pollutes the environment and does not meet the requirement of environmental protection at present. With the development of the times, the enhancement of the environmental awareness of people and the proposal of the regulations of recycling automobile wastes, the recyclable and reusable environment-friendly composite material becomes the key point of attention of people.
The natural fiber reinforced composite material has the advantage of environmental protection, and the essential component of the natural fiber reinforced composite material is a plant fiber composite material resin matrix, the matrix is bonded with plant fibers to play a role in transferring load, and secondly, the natural fibers can be protected from chemical and physical damage, and the composite material is endowed with the performances of impact resistance, extensibility and the like. The natural plant fiber has the advantages of low density, low price, low consumption on equipment, recoverability, low harm to human bodies, low harm to the surrounding environment and the like, so people are more and more favored to develop natural plant fiber composite materials.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a hemp-coconut shell hybrid polypropylene composite material, a preparation method and application thereof, which are used for solving the problems in the prior art, so that the composite material has excellent mechanical properties on the basis of meeting the environmental protection requirement, and further meets the application requirement of automobile materials.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
the invention provides a plant fiber mixed polypropylene composite material, which takes plant fibers as reinforcing fibers and polypropylene as a matrix; the plant fiber is obtained by mixing hemp fiber and coconut shell fiber;
the mass ratio of the plant fiber to the polypropylene is 3: 7;
the mixing mass ratio of the hemp fibers to the coconut shell fibers is 0:1-7: 3.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the composite material, which comprises the following steps:
(1) performing alkali treatment on the hemp fibers and the coconut fibers;
(2) and washing the hemp fiber and the coconut shell fiber after the alkali treatment to be neutral, drying, and then layering and compounding on the polypropylene-based base film according to the mixing ratio to obtain the composite material.
Further, the alkali treatment step is as follows: soaking in sodium hydroxide solution for 24 h.
Further, the concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution was 2%.
The method also comprises a drying step before the alkali treatment, and specifically comprises the following steps: drying at 70 deg.C for 1 h.
Further, the pressure during the compounding in the step (2) is 4pa, and the compounding time is 20 min.
The invention also provides application of the composite material in the field of automobile manufacturing.
The finest of the fibers is hemp fiber, the top end of the hemp fiber is in a blunt round shape and is not in a sharp top end, so that the manufactured product is particularly soft and comfortable, the center of the hemp fiber is provided with a fine cavity, and the surface of the hemp fiber is longitudinally distributed with a plurality of cracks and small holes, so that the sweat and moisture absorption are good. The cross section of the hemp fiber has various shapes, is more complicated than other fibers, and the molecular structure of the hemp fiber is also complicated and varied. Therefore, the hemp fiber has good blocking effect on various waves, and can block the radiation of strong ultraviolet light without other special processes. Meanwhile, the hemp fiber can also avoid electrostatic accumulation. Dry hemp fibers are poor conductors with much higher electrical breakdown resistance than cotton fibers and are good insulating materials. Because the hemp fiber has good moisture absorption performance, the product can be easily prevented from pilling and discharging caused by static accumulation and friction, and the hemp fiber does not change color at 370 ℃, so the hemp fiber has high heat resistance. The hemp fiber can resist mildew and kill bacteria, and the hemp fiber has hollow cavity and contains oxygen to make anaerobic bacteria unable to survive.
Among the plant fibers, coconut coir contains the highest concentration of lignin, making it stronger than cotton, but less flexible. Coconut coir has a lower tensile strength than abaca, but it has excellent antimicrobial action and resistance to salt water attack. Coconut coir extracted from coconut husk has not been widely used in the conventional textile industry due to its coarse and hard texture, and is only used for making brooms, floor mats, ropes and other household appliances. The coconut fiber is in a long fiber form formed by multi-cell aggregation, and a bundle of coconut fiber can contain 30-300 or more fiber cells, so that the coconut fiber has better sound absorption and shock absorption effects.
The composite material is a new solid material made up by using two or more substances whose physical properties are different from chemical properties through a certain processing mode. The method is specifically divided into two components according to different properties: a matrix and a reinforcement. The matrix and the reinforcing material are matched for use, so that the defects of the matrix and the reinforcing material are eliminated, and the advantages of the matrix and the reinforcing material are reserved, thereby obtaining more excellent service performance. The reinforced fiber of the hybrid fiber composite material is formed by mixing two or more fibers, and the hybrid composite material with different performances can be obtained by changing some parameters and the like; the composite material not only has the performance which is not possessed by a single fiber reinforced composite material, but also retains the advantages of the single fiber composite material, and can mutually promote different types of fibers.
There are many examples of hybrid fiber composites, such as glass fiber-carbon fiber hybrid reinforced PCBT composite laminates, which have been found to have good interlayer properties through experimental tests. Whereas under the same impact conditions, the CF/PCBT laminate is fully penetrated, the Glass Fiber (GF) -CF/PCBT composite laminate consumes a lot of impact energy due to interlayer delamination, only grooves appear on the surface of the material, and the structure has good post-impact integrity.
In fiber reinforced composites, the fibers have a higher strength and modulus than the matrix, i.e., the fibers should have a high modulus and high strength, since in most cases the load bearing is primarily by the reinforcing fibers. The fibers and the matrix must have a certain bonding effect, and the bonding between the fibers and the matrix must ensure that the force applied to the fibers is transmitted to the fibers through the interface. The coefficients of thermal expansion of the fibers and the matrix must not differ too much, otherwise the bond strength between them is automatically weakened during thermal expansion and contraction. No harmful chemical reactions, in particular no strong reactions, can occur between the fibres and the matrix, which would otherwise cause the fibres to lose their reinforcing effect by degrading them. The volume occupied by the fibers, the size and distribution of the fibers must be appropriate. Generally, the higher the volume content of the fibers in the matrix, the more significant the reinforcing effect thereof; the thinner the fiber diameter is, the fewer the defects are, and the higher the fiber strength is; the reinforcing effect of the continuous fibers is much higher than that of the short fibers, and the length of the discontinuous short fibers must be more than a certain length to show obvious reinforcing effect.
One of the main mechanical property indexes of the composite material for the automotive interior is bending property, which is the most critical factor for ensuring the normal assembly and use of the composite material. Meanwhile, for the automotive interior material, important influencing factors also include the dimensional stability of the composite material, and the poor dimensional stability can cause great difficulty in the assembly and normal use of the automotive interior part because the material generates large dimensional deformation in the storage and use processes.
The invention discloses the following technical effects:
the hemp-coconut shell hybrid polypropylene composite material is prepared by taking the hybrid hemp fiber and coconut shell fiber as reinforcing fibers and polypropylene as a substrate according to a specific hybrid ratio and a preparation process and parameters. The composite material can realize mechanical properties superior to those of a glass fiber/polypropylene composite material, has feasibility of replacing the glass fiber/polypropylene composite material, and meanwhile, the hemp-coconut shell mixed polypropylene composite material also has the characteristics of light weight, environmental protection and the like inherent in natural fiber materials, and has simple preparation process and great popularization and application values.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is an appearance diagram of a hemp-coconut shell hybrid polypropylene composite material (the mixing ratio of coconut shells to hemp fibers is 7: 3);
FIG. 2 is an appearance diagram of the hemp-coconut shell-glass fiber/PP composite material;
FIG. 3 is a graph of tensile strength for various composite materials;
FIG. 4 is a tensile stress strain curve for different numbered composites;
FIG. 5 is a graph of bending strength for different composite materials;
FIG. 6 is a graph of bending stress-strain for different numbered composites;
FIG. 7 is a graph of impact strength for different composites.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to various exemplary embodiments of the invention, the detailed description should not be construed as limiting the invention but as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features and embodiments of the invention.
It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. Further, for numerical ranges in this disclosure, it is understood that each intervening value, between the upper and lower limit of that range, is also specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or intervening value in a stated range and any other stated or intervening value in a stated range is encompassed within the invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included or excluded in the range.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although only preferred methods and materials are described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference herein for the purpose of disclosing and describing the methods and/or materials associated with the documents. In case of conflict with any incorporated document, the present specification will control.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the specific embodiments of the present disclosure without departing from the scope or spirit of the disclosure. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification. The specification and examples are exemplary only.
As used herein, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," and the like are open-ended terms that mean including, but not limited to.
The invention takes mixed plant fibers (hemp fibers and coconut shell fibers) as reinforcing fibers and takes polypropylene (PP) as a substrate to prepare the hemp-coconut shell mixed polypropylene composite material.
The raw materials used in the embodiment of the invention are as follows:
coconut shell fiber produced in India, the average length of the fiber is 21cm, the average linear density is 4.45tex, the tensile breaking strength is 1.6cN/tex, and the tensile breaking elongation is 16%; the coconut shell fiber comprises the following components: 3.2 wt% of pectin, 41.42 wt% of lignin, 0.28 wt% of hemicellulose, 4.6 wt% of wax and 43.68 wt% of cellulose, and the other components are 6.82 wt%;
hemp fiber, Shenyang North Jiangmai industries, Inc.; polypropylene resin, china petrochemicals, qilu incorporated; glass fiber/PP master batch (glass fiber content 30%), New Plastic Polymer science and technology company Limited in Fushan City.
Example 1 preparation of hemp-coir hybrid Polypropylene composite
(1) Surface pretreatment of plant fibers
Placing hemp fibers and coconut shell fibers in a vacuum drying oven, fully drying for one hour at 70 ℃, taking appropriate amount of hemp and coconut shell fibers after drying, respectively placing the hemp and the coconut shell fibers in a large beaker, slightly beating the hemp and the coconut shell fibers by hands to remove impurities on the surfaces of the fibers, and then respectively soaking the hemp fibers and the coconut shell fibers in a sodium hydroxide solution with the concentration of 2 wt% for one day, wherein the bath ratio is 1:10 at room temperature. And (3) enabling the reactant to permeate into the fiber, finally repeatedly soaking and washing the fiber by using clear water until the fiber is neutral, then fully drying the fiber in a vacuum drying oven at 70 ℃, and taking the fiber out for later use.
(2) Hybrid treatment of reinforcing fibers
In order to remove impurities in the hemp fibers and to ensure that the hemp fibers are arranged in parallel and straight as much as possible, the hemp fibers are carded by a carding machine and then mixed with the coconut fibers according to a designed mixing ratio (different numbers and mixing ratios are shown in table 1).
(3) Preparation of composite Material
The polypropylene is used as a resin matrix, the hemp and coconut shell hybrid fiber is used as a reinforcement, and the mass ratio of the total amount of the plant fiber in the composite material to the polypropylene matrix resin is 3: 7. Firstly, molding the polypropylene master batch into a mold in a vulcanizing machine, and preparing the polypropylene film by molding for one minute at the temperature of 190 ℃ under the pressure of two Pa. Then laying hemp and coconut fiber on the surface of the substrate according to the designed mixing ratio, then putting the substrate into a molding press, using a hydraulic pump to make the upper and lower pressing surfaces fully contact with the mold under the pressure of tetrappa for 20 minutes, and naturally cooling at room temperature.
TABLE 1 Coco Shell fiber to hemp fiber blend ratio
FIG. 1 is an appearance diagram of the hemp-coconut shell hybrid polypropylene composite material (mixing ratio of coconut shell and hemp fiber is 7: 3).
EXAMPLE 2 preparation of glass fiber/PP composite Material
Uniformly spreading glass fiber/PP master batch (the mass percent of the glass fiber is 30%) in a mold, preparing the composite material by a mold pressing forming method, performing mold pressing forming on the composite material in a vulcanizing machine, enabling upper and lower pressing surfaces to fully contact the laminated body by a hydraulic pump under the pressure of tetrapar for 20 minutes, naturally cooling at room temperature, and then disassembling the mold to obtain the glass fiber/PP composite material plate, wherein the number is 6.
EXAMPLE 3 preparation of hemp-coconut Shell-glass fiber/PP composite
And (3) mixing and granulating the glass fiber with the fiber length of about 2mm and the PP master batch by screw extrusion to prepare the glass fiber/PP master batch with the glass fiber content of 30%. Firstly, molding the polypropylene master batch into a mold in a vulcanizing machine, and preparing the polypropylene film by molding for one minute at the temperature of 190 ℃ under the pressure of two Pa. According to the principle that the mass ratio of the reinforced fiber to the polypropylene is 3:7, calculating the mixed mass of the coconut shell fiber, the hemp fiber and the glass fiber/PP master batch, wherein the mass ratio of the coconut shell to the hemp fiber is 7:3, and the mass ratio of the total mass of the coconut shell and the hemp fiber to the glass fiber is 1: 1. And putting the prepared polypropylene resin mold and the calculated coconut shell fiber, hemp fiber and glass fiber/PP master batch with corresponding mass into a mold, and molding on a vulcanizing machine. And (3) fully contacting the upper pressing surface and the lower pressing surface with a hydraulic pump at 190 ℃ and a pressure of tetrappa for 20 minutes, naturally cooling at room temperature, and then disassembling the mold to obtain the hemp-coconut shell-glass fiber/PP composite material, which is numbered 7.
FIG. 2 is an appearance diagram of the hemp-coconut shell-glass fiber/PP composite material.
Example 4 performance testing of composites:
1. tensile Property test
The samples were prepared according to ASTM D3039/D3039M-08 Standard test method for tensile Properties of Polymer-based composites, and a WDW-20 microcomputer controlled electronic Universal tester was used, wherein the clamping distance of the samples and the tensile speed of the test were as shown in Table 2. In order to avoid the slipping of the sample in the experimental process as much as possible and avoid the error and influence on the tensile property test data, reinforcing sheets are required to be pasted at the two ends of the sample during the experiment. Three groups of samples were tested per group and averaged.
TABLE 2 tensile test standards
And (3) cutting each group of composite materials to be tested according to the size specified by the relevant test standard, setting parameters of equipment according to the standard, starting the test, observing a force-displacement curve until the sample is fractured, stopping the test after the curve trend starts to suddenly drop and does not change any more, and recording corresponding data after the test is finished.
After the recorded test data of each group are arranged, the tensile strength of the test samples of each group is calculated, and the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein: ftu-tensile strength, MPa;
Pmax-maximum tensile force, N;
a-actual cross-sectional area of sample, mm, measured before the test2。
Fig. 3 is a graph of the tensile strength of each composite. It can be seen from fig. 3 that the tensile strength of the glass fiber is the minimum, the tensile strength of the natural fiber is greater than that of the glass fiber, because of the comparison of the short glass fiber, the lengths of the hemp and the coconut shell fiber are greater than that of the glass fiber, and simultaneously, the tensile strength of the hemp/coconut shell hybrid polypropylene composite material processed by the hybrid process is greatly improved, because the tensile breaking strength of the hemp fiber and the tensile breaking strength of the coconut shell fiber are greater than that of the glass fiber, the tensile strength is improved than that of the glass fiber and the polypropylene composite material, and because the main body length of the coconut shell fiber is greater than that of the glass fiber, the combination area of the reinforcement fiber and the matrix resin is increased, which is beneficial to the improvement of the tensile performance of the hybrid hemp fiber, the coconut shell fiber and the polypropylene composite material. The plant fiber has uneven surface, so that the contact area between the plant fiber and the polypropylene is increased, mutual bonding is generated, the mutual bonding and mechanical anchoring effects are similar, the mutual bonding force can be enhanced even in the case of weak other interactions, and finally the tensile strength of the composite material is improved.
As can be seen from FIG. 3, the hemp-coir and polypropylene composite exhibits an increased tensile strength as the content of the hybrid coir increases. When the hemp fiber and the coconut fiber are mixed, because the main length of the hemp fiber is less than that of the coconut fiber, after the mutual mixing treatment, the contact points among the composite material fibers are increased, so that the mechanical property of the reinforcement is improved, and the tensile strength of the hemp fiber, the coconut fiber and the polypropylene composite material is improved, therefore, the increase of the mass ratio of the mixed coconut fiber can lead the continuous increase of the composite material of the hemp fiber, the coconut fiber and the polypropylene. When the hemp fiber is stretched to the breaking limit load, the hemp fiber is not easy to deform and is broken suddenly. This is because hemp fiber is a high-strength low-elongation type plant fiber, and since coconut fiber has a higher elongation at break than hemp fiber, it is not instantaneously pulled apart when the coconut fiber is stretched. Thus, the tensile strength of the composite material of the hybrid hemp fiber, the coconut shell fiber and the polypropylene is improved.
Table 3 shows the tensile strength properties of each composite.
TABLE 3 tensile Strength Properties of the composites
Fig. 4 is a tensile stress-strain curve of seven composite materials, through which various deformation processes of brittleness, plasticity, yield, fracture and the like of the composite materials under the action of external force can be indirectly reflected, and simultaneously, a series of data such as modulus of the materials, fracture energy when fracture occurs and the like can be calculated through the stress-strain curve.
From the stress-strain curve graph, it can be seen that the slope of the starting end of the No. 5 sample is greater than the slopes of the starting ends of the other samples, and the slope of the starting section represents the modulus, so that the starting modulus of the No. 5 composite material is greater than the starting moduli of the other composite materials; however, in the figure, the area surrounded by the stress-strain curve of sample No. 6 is smaller than the area surrounded by the stress-strain curves of the other sample composites, so that the energy required to obtain tensile fracture of the sample No. 6 composite is the smallest.
For the laminated composite, it can be seen from fig. 4 that all curves are nearly linear at the initial stage of stretching, and that the curves have a distinct discontinuity as the externally applied force increases. It was found from the stress-strain diagram that there were many fluctuations in the curve during the continuation of the test, and it was found that, when the composite material was tested, the sound of the sample being brittle was heard as the tension was continued, and it was observed that white spots or cracks were present on the resin surface of the sample, and the portions of the sample that eventually broke were often present at these portions. Observing the test sample after the test, it can be found that the fiber drawing phenomenon is obvious at the fracture of the test sample, and this also indicates that the slight fluctuation in the stress-strain curve is caused by the fracture of part of the fibers in the test sample, and it can also be concluded that the fracture of the laminated composite material or the system collapse process is a gradual failure process.
2. Bending property test
The bending performance test is an important mode for measuring the bending resistance of the composite material and is also an important reference index in the mechanical performance test. When the bending performance test is carried out, because the acting forces on the upper surface and the lower surface of the composite material are different, if the acting force on the material on the upper surface is expressed as extrusion, and the acting force on the material on the lower surface is expressed as stretching, the stress condition of a sample needs to be distinguished when the bending performance test is carried out, the test is carried out according to the experimental standard, and the error influence of the test result are avoided.
According to the test standard of the current ASTM D790, the size of a sample for bending property test needs to be cut according to the experimental method and the thickness of the sample, the test method adopted by the invention is a three-point bending method, and the size and the thickness of the sample are shown in the following table 4 according to the standard:
TABLE 4 bending test standards
Cutting each group of composite material samples according to the size specified by the test standard, wherein the equipment used for the bending performance test is a WDW-20 microcomputer control electronic universal tester, the parameter setting of the samples and the equipment is carried out according to the current ASTM D790 test standard, the span needs to be adjusted when each group of samples are tested, and the test speed of the bending test is set to be 2 mm/min. And observing a force-displacement curve after the test is started, stopping the test after the force-displacement curve is in a descending trend and is not changed any more, recording corresponding data of the bending performance test, testing three groups of samples in each group, and taking the average value of the three groups of samples.
The recorded experimental data of each group are collated, and the maximum bending stress of the samples of each group is calculated, and the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein: σ -transmid outer surface stress, MPa;
p-force, N;
l-support span, mm;
b-width of beam, mm;
h-thickness of the beam, mm.
Note: the maximum bending stress of the three-point simple support occurs at the mid-span position, and the mid-span surface stress is the maximum bending stress.
FIG. 5 is a graph of the bending strength of different composite materials. It can be seen that the bending strength of the glass fiber and polypropylene hybrid composite material is less than that of the coconut shell and hemp fiber/PP hybrid composite material. It can be known that the bending strength of the glass fiber/PP composite material is less than that of the coconut shell-hemp/PP composite material, and the main reason is that the coconut shell fiber is hard, the diameter ratio of the fiber is larger, the bending strength is excellent, the hemp fiber is stable in performance, and under the condition of the same surface density, the porosity of the glass fiber is less than the interfiber porosity of the coconut shell fiber and the hemp fiber, which is not beneficial to the coating of the matrix resin on the fiber and the penetration of the matrix resin on the reinforcement fabric, so that the effective transmission of the stress between the interfaces can be weakened when the composite material is stressed and bent. The breaking elongation of the glass fiber is far less than the tensile breaking elongation of the coconut shell fiber, so that the bending strength of the coconut shell-hemp/PP composite material is improved.
Table 5 shows the flexural strength properties of the different composites.
TABLE 5 flexural Strength Properties of different composites
As can be seen from Table 5, the greater effect on the flexural strength of the coir-hemp/PP composite is due to the ratio of the coir fibers to the weight of the coir, and the increasing mass ratio of the coir fibers increases the flexural strength of the coir-hemp/PP composite. Because when the mass of the coconut shell fiber is larger, the effective infiltration of the matrix resin is beneficial to the effective transmission of the load in the coconut shell-hemp/PP composite material. The main reason is that the tensile elongation at break of the coconut shell fiber is larger than that of the hemp fiber, and the blending effect of the coconut shell fiber improves the tensile breaking performance of the composite material. And secondly, the content of the coconut fibers is increased, so that the entanglement effect among the fibers is improved, the porosity of the composite material is increased, and the wettability of the matrix resin to the reinforced composite material is improved.
Fig. 6 is a graph of bending stress-strain for various composite materials. Comparing the curves of sample nos. 1 and 2, it can be seen that the initial modulus of sample No. 1 is larger than that of sample No. 2, and the energy required for flexural failure is also larger than that of sample No. 2. Observing the curves of the samples 3, 4 and 5 can obtain that the energy required for bending and breaking is gradually increased along with the increase of the mixing ratio of the coconut shell mass. Looking at sample No. 6, it can be seen that the initial modulus of sample No. 6 is relatively large, but the energy required for flexural failure is minimal.
3. Impact testing
The impact performance test is an important way for measuring the impact strength and the toughness of the composite material, and is particularly important for flexible protection composite materials. The structure of the reinforcement, the choice of matrix material and the differences in the preparation process can all have an impact on the impact properties of the composite.
The invention adopts an XJJ-50S digital display simply supported beam impact tester to set the parameters of the device and cut the size of the experimental sample according to the current pendulum impact test standard (ASTM D6110), which is shown in Table 6:
TABLE 6 impact test standards
Cutting each group of composite material samples according to the size specified by the test standard, setting the parameters of equipment according to the current standard, starting testing, performing idle impact test to check whether the energy loss is overlarge before testing the cut samples each time, recording impact test data each time after the test is finished, and testing three groups of samples in each group to obtain the average value.
The recorded data of each group of samples are collated, and the impact strength of each group of samples is calculated by the following calculation formula:
wherein: alpha is alphakImpact Strength, KJ/m2；
Ec-sample absorption energy, J;
h is the thickness of the sample, mm;
b-width of the sample, mm.
FIG. 7 is a graph of impact strength for different composites. It can be found that the impact strength of the glass fiber and polypropylene hybrid composite material is less than that of the hemp-coconut shell fiber and polypropylene hybrid composite material, mainly because the glass fiber is a material with excellent performance, but the glass fiber has the defect of brittleness, so that the glass fiber/PP composite material has high brittleness, low elongation at break and easy breakage.
It can also be seen from the figure that the impact strength of the hybrid coconut coir-hemp/PP composite is at its lowest when the mass ratio of hemp fiber to coconut coir is 1:1, after which the impact strength of the hybrid coconut coir-hemp/PP composite increases whether by increasing or decreasing the mass ratio of the coconut coir, but the impact strength of the composite changes greatly when the hemp fiber is increased without increasing the coconut coir, since the greater the mass ratio of the hemp fiber is less than the tensile elongation at break of the coconut coir, the better the tensile elongation at break of the composite.
Table 7 shows the impact strength performance data for different composites.
TABLE 7 composite impact Strength Property data
The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements of the technical solutions of the present invention can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the technical solutions of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention defined by the claims.
Claims (6)
1. The plant fiber mixed polypropylene composite material is characterized in that plant fibers are used as reinforcing fibers, and polypropylene is used as a matrix; the plant fiber is obtained by mixing hemp fiber and coconut shell fiber;
the mass ratio of the plant fiber to the polypropylene is 3: 7;
the mixing mass ratio of the hemp fibers to the coconut shell fibers is 0:1-7: 3.
2. A method of preparing the composite material of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
(1) performing alkali treatment on the hemp fibers and the coconut fibers;
(2) and washing the hemp fiber and the coconut shell fiber after the alkali treatment to be neutral, drying, and then layering and compounding on the polypropylene-based base film according to the mixing ratio to obtain the composite material.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the alkali treatment step is: soaking in sodium hydroxide solution for 24 h.
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution is 2%.
5. The method according to claim 2, wherein the pressure for the combination in step (2) is 4pa and the combination time is 20 min.
6. Use of a composite material according to claim 1 in the field of the manufacture of automotive interiors.
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