CN114212182A - High-speed supercavitation composite multi-hull boat and method for reducing friction resistance of high-speed boat - Google Patents
High-speed supercavitation composite multi-hull boat and method for reducing friction resistance of high-speed boat Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B1/00—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils
- B63B1/02—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving lift mainly from water displacement
- B63B1/10—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving lift mainly from water displacement with multiple hulls
- B63B1/107—Semi-submersibles; Small waterline area multiple hull vessels and the like, e.g. SWATH
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B1/00—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils
- B63B1/32—Other means for varying the inherent hydrodynamic characteristics of hulls
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B1/00—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils
- B63B1/32—Other means for varying the inherent hydrodynamic characteristics of hulls
- B63B1/34—Other means for varying the inherent hydrodynamic characteristics of hulls by reducing surface friction
- B63B1/38—Other means for varying the inherent hydrodynamic characteristics of hulls by reducing surface friction using air bubbles or air layers gas filled volumes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
- B63H11/00—Marine propulsion by water jets
- B63H11/02—Marine propulsion by water jets the propulsive medium being ambient water
- B63H11/025—Marine propulsion by water jets the propulsive medium being ambient water by means of magneto-hydro-dynamic forces
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B1/00—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils
- B63B1/32—Other means for varying the inherent hydrodynamic characteristics of hulls
- B63B2001/327—Other means for varying the inherent hydrodynamic characteristics of hulls using magneto-hydrodynamic forces
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B1/00—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils
- B63B1/32—Other means for varying the inherent hydrodynamic characteristics of hulls
- B63B1/34—Other means for varying the inherent hydrodynamic characteristics of hulls by reducing surface friction
- B63B1/38—Other means for varying the inherent hydrodynamic characteristics of hulls by reducing surface friction using air bubbles or air layers gas filled volumes
- B63B2001/382—Other means for varying the inherent hydrodynamic characteristics of hulls by reducing surface friction using air bubbles or air layers gas filled volumes by making use of supercavitation, e.g. for underwater vehicles
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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Abstract
The application discloses a high-speed supercavitation composite multi-hull boat and a method for reducing friction resistance of the high-speed boat, which are characterized by comprising an underwater submerged hull, a water surface boat body and connecting struts of the underwater submerged hull and the water surface boat body; the bow of the underwater submerged body is provided with a seawater inlet of a propulsion device, the bow shoulder of the underwater submerged body is provided with a cavitator and a ventilation device, and the stern of the underwater submerged body is provided with a magnetofluid propeller; when the navigation volume has a Fourier number Fr▽When the pressure is less than 2, the air is generated by the air breather to form an air film covering on the surface of the underwater submerged body, so that the frictional resistance is reduced; when volume Fourier number Fr▽Not less than 2, the air breather forms supercavitation on the surface of the underwater submerged body through the cavitator, so that the friction resistance generated by underwater navigation and the friction resistance in the air are ensuredThe air navigation is equivalent to the air navigation. The application provides a compound many bodys ship of high-speed supercavitation can reduce huge wave making resistance and frictional resistance that produce when free surface of water high-speed navigation, can also utilize the advantage that high density aqueous medium produced great thrust simultaneously, reaches the purpose that the hypervelocity navigated stably.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to a high-speed supercavitation composite multi-hull ship and a method for reducing friction resistance of the high-speed ship, and belongs to the technical field of ship research and development design.
Background
China is a large ocean, the coastline is long and tortuous, the total length is about 18000 kilometers, a plurality of coastal islands are 6400, the total area is nearly 8 ten thousand square kilometers, the coastline of the island is as long as 1400 kilometers, the shortest distance between the farthest south sand cluster island and the south sea island is about 700 nautical miles, the reefs of the island are relatively dispersed, and the management difficulty is high. Therefore, the development of high-speed boats is an indispensable choice for effectively protecting the safety of China in the offshore direction, protecting and developing ocean resources and developing offshore passenger traffic.
Obtaining high speed performance is always a continuing pursuit of surface vessels. In recent years, high-performance ships have been studied in countries around the world with great attention. The development of high-performance boats centers on increasing the navigational speed continuously, further improving the wave endurance, and deriving a plurality of new high-performance boat types, wherein the still water navigational speed of the hovercraft can even reach 60km, however, the current boat types are difficult to further improve the navigational speed and the navigability because the limit of wave making resistance and hydrodynamic friction resistance of the free water surface cannot be completely eliminated, and the problems of stalling in waves and the like generally exist.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem that this application will be solved is that high performance ship receives the problem of the wave making resistance and the hydrodynamic friction resistance of great free surface of water.
In order to solve the technical problems, on one hand, the technical scheme of the application provides a high-speed supercavitation composite multi-hull boat which is characterized by comprising an underwater submerged body, a water surface boat body and connecting struts of the underwater submerged body and the water surface boat body; the underwater submerged body is arranged below the hull of the water surface hull, the bow part of the underwater submerged body is provided with a seawater inlet of a propulsion device, the bow shoulder part of the underwater submerged body is provided with a cavitator and a ventilation device, and the stern part of the underwater submerged body is provided with a magnetofluid propeller.
Preferably, the underwater vehicle adopts two groups of torpedo-shaped boat bodies which are parallel to each other and symmetrically arranged along the central axis of the water surface boat body.
Preferably, a duct extending from the bow to the stern is arranged below the hull of the water surface boat body.
Preferably, the duct is provided as a double M-shaped channel symmetrically arranged along the central axis.
Preferably, each of the M-shaped channels includes three portions: the lifting force culvert is arranged on two sides of the middle body and used for forming a power air cushion by air inflow and discharge of underwater supercavitation to provide lifting force for the boat body, and the rigid enclosure walls are arranged on two sides of the lifting force culvert and used for shielding bow waves generated by the middle body and the underwater submerged body and guiding bow wave energy into the culvert, so that the lifting force is further improved while the wave resistance is reduced.
Preferably, the magnetofluid thruster comprises a cylindrical superconducting magnet, a cylindrical spiral channel is arranged in the cylindrical superconducting magnet, and a spiral wall is installed in the cylindrical spiral channel.
Preferably, the inner wall of the spiral channel and the outer wall of the spiral channel of the cylindrical spiral channel are both made of insulating materials.
Preferably, three identical superconducting coils are arranged inside the cylindrical superconducting magnet, and the starting ends or the tail ends of the three superconducting coils are separated from each other by one third of a circle.
Preferably, the spiral wall is made of a zwitterionic exchange membrane.
On the other hand, the application also provides a method for reducing the friction resistance of the high-speed boat, and the high-speed supercavitation composite multi-hull boat is characterized in that the Froude number of the sailing volume is
When the underwater submerged body is used, the air film is formed on the surface of the underwater submerged body to cover the underwater submerged body by the air generated by the air ventilating device, so that the frictional resistance is reduced; when volume Fourier number
The ventilating device forms supercavitation on the surface of the underwater submerged body through the cavitator, so that the frictional resistance generated by underwater navigation is equivalent to that generated by navigation in air.
This application advantage lies in, the compound many bodys ship of high-speed supercavitation that this application provided not only can break away from huge wave making resistance and frictional resistance that produce when free surface of water high speed sails, can also make full use of high density aqueous medium produce the advantage of great thrust simultaneously, reaches the purpose that the hypervelocity sailed stably. The high-speed supercavitation composite multi-hull boat is a composite boat type formed by combining a double-M boat type and a small waterline surface boat type innovatively, and dynamic lift force and supercavitation technology drag reduction are provided through the double-M boat type, so that sailing wave-making resistance, frictional resistance and wave interference are greatly reduced. The boat power device applies a magnetofluid propeller, and the working principle of the boat power device is that the seawater moves by utilizing the interaction force between the current in the seawater and the magnetic field, so that the boat body is propelled to advance. The boat has the characteristics of high propelling efficiency, small vibration, low noise, flexible operation, convenient arrangement, good environmental protection and the like.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a high-speed supercavitation composite multi-hull boat provided in an embodiment, wherein fig. 1a is a structural front view, fig. 1b is a structural side view, fig. 1c is a structural bottom view, and fig. 1d is a structural top view;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of numerical simulation of a supercavitation state of a boat;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a magnetic fluid thruster configuration;
reference numerals: an underwater submerged body 1; the water surface boat body 2; a connecting strut 3; a cylindrical superconducting magnet 11; a spiral channel outer wall 12; a spiral channel inner wall 13; a spiral wall 14; a cylindrical spiral channel 15.
Detailed Description
In order to make the present application more comprehensible, preferred embodiments are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Examples
The embodiment provides a compound many bodys ship of high-speed supercavitation, and compound many bodys ship of high-speed supercavitation is a ship type of brand-new design, and the hull structure is shown in figure 1, mainly includes the triplex: the underwater submerged body 1, the water surface hull 2 and a connecting strut 3 of the underwater submerged body and the water surface hull; the power device is a magnetofluid propeller arranged on the underwater submerged body 1;
the underwater submerged body 1 is arranged below the hull of the water surface hull 2, and is preferably symmetrically arranged along the hull central axis of the water surface hull 2, as shown in fig. 1, the underwater submerged body 1 adopts two groups of mutually parallel and symmetrically arranged torpedo-shaped hull bodies, the bow part of the underwater submerged body 1 is provided with a propulsion device seawater inlet, the bow shoulder part of the underwater submerged body 1 is provided with a cavitator and a ventilation device, and the stern part of the underwater submerged body 1 is provided with a magnetofluid propeller; the underwater submerged body 1 is submerged in water during navigation, so that the magnetofluid propeller can be ensured to exert the maximum effect, and partial buoyancy can be provided during low-speed navigation; when the navigation speed exceeds a certain value, the surface of the aircraft generates supercavitation through the ventilating device, so that the surface friction resistance can be reduced by 3 orders of magnitude, and an additional lifting force can be formed by utilizing surface waves formed by the supercavitation, so that the draught is reduced;
the water surface hull 2 is made of a light high-strength composite material, a duct extending from a bow part to a stern part is arranged below a hull of the water surface hull 2, and the duct can be a double-M-shaped channel symmetrically arranged along a central axis as shown in figure 1; a wide deck platform is arranged above the hull of the water surface boat body 2; the shaping of the water surface hull 2 can ensure that the water surface hull can generate enough lifting force to completely separate the water surface hull from the water surface under a large loading state, and greatly reduces wave making resistance during high-speed navigation; the connecting strut 3 penetrates through the water surface upwards from the underwater submerged body 1 to support the water surface hull 2, and the water surface hull 2 and the underwater submerged body 1 are connected into a whole;
the high-speed supercavitation composite multi-hull boat provided by the application greatly reduces the friction resistance by utilizing an artificial ventilation supercavitation technology, and meanwhile, the main boat body is supported away from the water surface by utilizing the ducted lift force at high speed, so that the wave-making resistance is greatly reduced, and the high-speed sailing performance is achieved; in addition, the supercavitation high-speed multi-hull boat also has the characteristics of large deck area, good wave resistance, large loading, good stability, flexible operation and the like;
the high-speed supercavitation composite multi-hull ship provided by the application greatly reduces the frictional resistance and wave-making resistance of the ship body through a supercavitation technology and the special shapes of the double-M-shaped water surface ship body and the torpedo-shaped underwater submerged body, so that the future water surface ship is expected to greatly increase the navigation speed; the innovation is mainly as follows:
1. underwater submerged body air film/supercavitation drag reduction technology
The two groups of submerged bodies of the high-speed supercavity composite multi-body boat are immersed under water in the navigation process, the stress of the submerged bodies during the underwater navigation is mainly friction resistance and pressure difference resistance, and because the magnetofluid propeller is arranged in the submerged bodies and is in a fore-and-aft through form, seawater flows into the fore part and flows out of the aft part, the pressure difference resistance is smaller, and the friction resistance is a main resistance component. In order to reduce the frictional resistance in the course of running the submerged body, a cavitation device and a ventilation device are designed at the position of its bow shoulder, when the volume of the submerged body is Froude number
When in use, the aeration device generates gas with a certain flow rate, so that the surface of the submerged body is covered by a gas film, and the friction resistance is greatly reduced; while the volume Fourier number
The cavitation device and the ventilation device are utilized to form supercavitation on the surface of the underwater submerged body, so that the frictional resistance generated by the underwater submerged body during underwater navigation is equivalent to that during navigation in the air, namely the frictional resistance is reduced by about 3 orders of magnitude; the numerical simulation of the high-speed supercavitation composite multi-hull boat in the supercavitation state is shown in figure 2.
Through the system design of the cavitator, the ventilation device, the magnetic fluid propeller and other devices, the friction resistance and the pressure difference resistance in the underwater submerged body navigation process are greatly reduced, the technical support is provided for the high-speed navigation of the high-speed supercavitation composite multi-body boat, and the high-speed supercavitation composite multi-body boat has strong innovation and practicability.
2. Composite ship formed by combining double-M ship type and small waterplane ship type
The main boat body of the high-speed supercavitation composite multi-hull boat is in a small waterplane multi-hull boat type, two groups of submerged bodies are designed underwater, and the main purpose of the high-speed supercavitation composite multi-hull boat is to utilize the advantages of excellent wave resistance, stability, maneuverability, wide loading deck, extremely high propulsion efficiency and the like of the small waterplane multi-hull boat; the defect of large frictional resistance caused by large wet surface area of the small waterplane multi-hull boat is solved by an air film/supercavity drag reduction technology.
The surface of water hull 2 of the compound many bodies of high-speed supercavitation ship adopts the hull type of two M forms, and the hull bottom left and right of surface of water hull 2 respectively has an M type channel promptly, and every M type channel includes the triplex: the submarine comprises a middle body, a lift culvert and rigid walls, wherein the two lift culverts are positioned on two sides of the middle body and are used for forming a power air cushion by air inflow and discharge of underwater supercavitation to provide lift for the submarine body, the rigid walls are arranged on two sides of the lift culvert and are used for shielding bow waves generated by the middle body and the submarine body 1, bow wave energy is guided into the culvert, and the lift is further improved while the wave resistance is reduced.
The high-speed compound many bodies of supercavitation ship utilizes the unique molding that two M hull types and little water line face combine, can fully increase with the help of air lubrication, hydrodynamic force and aerodynamic, reduces the resistance by a wide margin, improves loading capacity and navigability, and then improves the overall performance of ship.
3. Propulsion device applying three-phase alternating current magnetic fluid
The magnetofluid propeller is a novel propeller for propelling a ship to move by utilizing electromagnetic force, and the working principle of the magnetofluid propeller is that the seawater moves by utilizing the interaction force between current in the seawater and a magnetic field, so that the submarine body is propelled to advance. The novel propeller does not have a rotating and driving mechanism, cannot cause vibration and noise, cannot be limited by a cavitation phenomenon, and also has the advantages of high propelling efficiency, flexible operation, good environmental protection and the like.
Besides the hull structure, the submarine further comprises an accessory, a power electric system, a ship auxiliary system, a communication navigation system and a comprehensive control system:
1. boat body structure and accessory
The boat body structure comprises a submerged body structure, a connecting support structure, an upper building structure, a special structure and the like, wherein the special structure is mainly a power system base. The submerged body is in a longitudinal skeleton type, and the pillar structure is in a transverse skeleton type. The boat body adopts a welded structure. The boat body is mainly made of aluminum magnesium alloy.
The boat accessory is provided with a stern anchor machine, a stern anchor 1 sleeve, a mooring device 1 sleeve, a towing device 1 sleeve and an auxiliary lifesaving device 1 sleeve.
2. Power electric system
The power system of the boat adopts 4 three-phase alternating current spiral channel magnetofluid thrusters, and the thrusters consist of cylindrical superconducting magnets 11 (three identical superconducting coils are arranged inside, the starting ends or the tail ends of the three identical superconducting coils are separated by one third of the circumference), cylindrical spiral channels 15 (the inner walls 13 and the outer walls 12 of the spiral channels are made of insulating materials) and spiral walls 14 (amphoteric ion exchange membranes). After the propeller is adopted, a transmission system and a main power device are not needed, and only a high-voltage excitation power supply is needed. The schematic diagram of the magnetofluid thruster structure is shown in fig. 3.
The ship power system adopts a gas turbine generator set, one path of high-voltage electricity generated by the generator set is used as a working power supply of a propeller, and the other path of high-voltage electricity supplies power to other alternating current and direct current electric equipment on the ship through a transformer and a rectifier.
3. Ship auxiliary system
The ship auxiliary system mainly comprises a fuel oil transferring system, a fire-fighting system, a cabin air-conditioning ventilation system, a bilge water system, a dredging and drainage system and the like.
4. Communication navigation system
This ship is equipped with necessary intercom and external communication, realizes the communication between each cabin of this ship to and the communication between ship and the bank, ship and the ship between the ship.
The boat is provided with necessary navigation equipment, provides information such as course, speed, position and the like continuously and in real time, and ensures safe navigation at sea.
5. Integrated control system
The comprehensive control system consists of three subsystems, namely a motion control system, an electric power system control system and a ship auxiliary system control system.
The motion control system is mainly used for controlling the motion of the boat, and realizes the automatic control of the boat speed, track and course by remotely controlling the hydrofoils and the magnetofluid vectoring nozzle, and the comprehensive display function of warning the navigation attitude, the control surface parameters, the working condition of the host and the main system equipment. The main equipment includes motion control table, control cabinet, etc.
The electric power system control system is mainly used for controlling and monitoring the power station and the power grid on the boat. The generator set and the power transmission and distribution system on the boat are remotely controlled, so that the generator set can operate independently or in parallel, the generator set has the functions of parameter monitoring and displaying, heavy-load inquiring, automatic unloading, interlocking and protecting, the power grid system controls, parameter monitoring and displaying and alarming, the power distribution function is remotely controlled, and the like. The main equipment comprises an electric power system monitoring console, a gas turbine control cabinet, a monitoring module, an interlocking device, an information intelligent processor, a three-phase electric quantity acquisition module, a single-phase electric quantity acquisition module and the like.
The ship auxiliary system control system is mainly used for controlling and monitoring a fuel oil transfer system, a fire-fighting system, a cabin air-conditioning ventilation system, a bilge water system and a drainage system. The main equipment of the ship auxiliary system control system comprises a ship auxiliary system monitoring console, a fuel oil supply pump and refute pump control module, a fuel oil refute data acquisition and processing module, a whole ship hydraulic system data acquisition and processing module, a ventilator centralized control module, an artificial ventilation system control module, a fire alarm host, a fire extinguishing control module, an audible and visual alarm module and the like.
The foregoing detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the invention has been presented. It should be understood that numerous modifications and variations could be devised by those skilled in the art in light of the present teachings without departing from the inventive concepts. Therefore, the technical solutions available to those skilled in the art through logic analysis, reasoning and limited experiments based on the prior art according to the concept of the present invention should be within the scope of protection defined by the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A high-speed supercavitation composite multi-hull boat is characterized by comprising an underwater submerged body, a water surface boat body and connecting struts of the underwater submerged body and the water surface boat body; the underwater submerged body is arranged below the hull of the water surface hull, the bow part of the underwater submerged body is provided with a seawater inlet of a propulsion device, the bow shoulder part of the underwater submerged body is provided with a cavitator and a ventilation device, and the stern part of the underwater submerged body is provided with a magnetofluid propeller.
2. The high-speed supercavitation composite multi-hull boat according to claim 1, characterized in that the underwater submerged hull adopts two sets of torpedo-shaped boat bodies which are parallel to each other and symmetrically arranged along the central axis of the water surface boat body.
3. The high-speed supercavitation composite multi-hull boat according to claim 1, characterized in that a duct extending from the bow to the stern is arranged below the hull of the water surface boat body.
4. The high-speed supercavity composite multi-hull vessel according to claim 3, characterized in that the ducts are provided as double M-shaped channels symmetrically arranged along the central axis.
5. The high-speed supercavity composite multi-hull boat of claim 3, characterized in that each of the M-channels comprises three portions: the lifting force culvert is arranged on two sides of the middle body and used for forming a power air cushion by air inflow and discharge of underwater supercavitation to provide lifting force for the boat body, and the rigid enclosure walls are arranged on two sides of the lifting force culvert and used for shielding bow waves generated by the middle body and the underwater submerged body and guiding bow wave energy into the culvert, so that the lifting force is further improved while the wave resistance is reduced.
6. The high-speed supercavitation composite multihull vessel according to claim 1, wherein the magnetofluid thruster comprises a cylindrical superconducting magnet, a cylindrical helical channel is provided in the cylindrical superconducting magnet, and a helical wall is installed in the cylindrical helical channel.
7. The high-speed supercavitation composite multi-hull vessel according to claim 6, characterized in that the inner and outer walls of the helical channel of the cylindrical helical channel are both of insulating material.
8. The high-speed supercavity composite multihull vessel according to claim 7, characterized in that inside the cylindrical superconducting magnet there are three identical superconducting coils, the starting or ending of which are one third of a circumference apart from each other.
9. The high-speed supercavitation composite multi-hull boat according to claim 8, characterized in that the spiral wall material is a zwitterionic exchange membrane.
10. A method for reducing the frictional resistance of a high-speed boat by using the high-speed supercavitation composite multi-hull boat according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the Froude number F is the volume of sailingr▽When the pressure is less than 2, the air-breathing device generates air to form an air film covering on the surface of the underwater submerged body, so that the frictional resistance is reduced; when volume Fourier number Fr▽The surface of the underwater submerged body is formed into supercavitation by the ventilating device through the cavitator, so that the frictional resistance generated by underwater navigation is equivalent to that generated by navigation in the air.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116534182A (en) * | 2023-03-31 | 2023-08-04 | 中国船舶集团有限公司第七一九研究所 | Miniature underwater thermodynamic navigation body micro-bubble drag-reducing noise-reducing device |
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