CN114210918A - Combination method of thick rapid-forming pouring system and wax mold body and shell mold preparation method - Google Patents
Combination method of thick rapid-forming pouring system and wax mold body and shell mold preparation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114210918A CN114210918A CN202111547932.4A CN202111547932A CN114210918A CN 114210918 A CN114210918 A CN 114210918A CN 202111547932 A CN202111547932 A CN 202111547932A CN 114210918 A CN114210918 A CN 114210918A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 16
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000149 argon plasma sintering Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005495 investment casting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000110 selective laser sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241001391944 Commicarpus scandens Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000016 photochemical curing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C7/00—Patterns; Manufacture thereof so far as not provided for in other classes
- B22C7/02—Lost patterns
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/02—Sand moulds or like moulds for shaped castings
- B22C9/04—Use of lost patterns
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/08—Features with respect to supply of molten metal, e.g. ingates, circular gates, skim gates
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
- B33Y40/20—Post-treatment, e.g. curing, coating or polishing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y80/00—Products made by additive manufacturing
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a combination method of a thick and large rapid forming and pouring system and a wax mould body and a shell mould preparation method, which solve the problems that a model formed by a dissimilar material of the laser rapid forming and pouring system and the wax mould body is not firmly connected, and a dewaxing body is cracked and damaged in the shell mould preparation process. The method comprises the steps of providing a three-dimensional digital model of a gating system; carrying out laser rapid prototyping printing; pressing a wax mould body; assembling the body and the wax mould body; carrying out wax filling treatment on the three-dimensional formed pouring system body and the end face of the inner pouring gate; cooling for 12 hours after wax filling, pressing a wax mould body, standing for 24 hours for cooling, and assembling after the wax mould is completely cooled; and combining the rapid prototyping pouring system with the wax mold body. The method is mainly applied to the stages of casting process research and development, small-batch product trial production and single product production, realizes the early-stage rapid production of products, shortens the periods of product research and development, and effectively reduces the cost of single product research and development and small-batch product production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of precision investment casting, and particularly relates to a combination method of a thick and large rapid-forming pouring system and a wax mold body and a shell mold preparation method.
Background
Investment precision casting is a common molding method for aerospace large-scale complex structural parts, and is particularly widely applied to the field of high-temperature alloy material molding, for example, high-temperature alloy large-scale complex castings are often molded by adopting an investment precision casting method. The shell making process is an important process of investment precision casting, the shell making period is long, the process is difficult to control, the quality of the shell making process is determined, particularly for a model for connecting dissimilar materials, in the process of connecting a laser rapid forming pouring system and a wax mold body, the combination bonding surface of the pouring system for forming the sintering material PSB powder and the wax mold body is not firm, and the shell making process is easy to break and damage at the bonding surface under stress. In a model system formed by connecting a PSB powder pouring system and a wax model body, the phenomenon of expansion cracking can be caused by improper wax removal of the body, and difficulty is brought to the preparation of the shell mold in a combined mode.
In addition, the high-temperature alloy product needs to be subjected to multi-round pouring process verification from development to shaping, the process scheme can be frequently changed in the period, if a pouring system is prepared in a mould mode, a long production period is needed, a large amount of mould manufacturing cost is consumed, and the mould is easily scrapped and the cost is wasted due to frequent change of the mould design.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, in order to solve the problems that the connection between the laser rapid prototyping casting system and the wax pattern body made of different materials is not firm, and the dewaxing body is cracked and broken in the shell preparation process, the invention provides a combination method of the thick rapid prototyping casting system and the wax pattern body and a shell preparation method.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a method for combining a thick and large rapid forming pouring system with a wax mold body specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, providing a three-dimensional digital model of the gating system;
s2, carrying out laser rapid prototyping printing on the designed three-dimensional digifax;
s3, pressing the wax mould body needing to be assembled;
s4, ensuring the surface to be smooth and free of defects, and after the pressing, standing for 24 hours, and assembling a wax mould;
s5, performing wax filling treatment on the three-dimensional formed pouring system body and the end face of the inner sprue;
s6, cooling the printing and pouring system body for 12 hours after wax filling, then pressing the wax mould body by adopting a mould, and standing for 24 hours for cooling;
and S7, after the wax is completely cooled, combining the rapid forming and pouring system with the wax mould body.
Furthermore, in step S1, the thick portion is evacuated, the wall thickness is 3-5mm after evacuation, and grooves distributed transversely and longitudinally are 1-2mm on the end surface of the connection portion of the ingate.
Furthermore, in step S2, the PSB powder is used as a raw material for laser rapid prototyping printing, and after prototyping, the PSB powder at the evacuation location is removed and placed in a wax tank for wax immersion.
Further, in step S2, the laser rapid prototyping printing adopts an SLS laser rapid sintering method.
Further, in step S3, the pressing process uses medium-temperature wax for pressing the wax mold body.
Furthermore, in step S7, the casting system model is assembled with an electric knife, and a wax discharge hole is stuck to the outlet of the dewaxing flow channel during the assembly process.
A shell mold preparation method utilizes the combination method of the thick and large rapid forming and pouring system and a wax mold body, and specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, combining the thick and large rapid forming pouring system with the wax mould body;
s2, carrying out shell type coating on the combined model, reinforcing the shell type surface by using a fine iron wire on the sixth layer in the coating process, and scraping the surface coating of the wax removal hole in the coating process of each layer;
s3, preparing shell mold drying and sealing slurry, performing steam dewaxing treatment, drying treatment and roasting treatment;
and S4, plugging the wax discharge hole of the calcined shell, and drying the plugged part for 12 hours to obtain the shell.
Furthermore, in step S3, after the shell mold dry sealing slurry is prepared, steam dewaxing treatment is performed at a dewaxing temperature of 170 ± 10 ℃ for 30-35S at a dewaxing pressure of 4-6 bar.
Further, in step S3, the baking treatment is performed after drying for 5 hours.
Furthermore, in step S3, the roasting temperature is 1050 + -10 deg.C for 2-2.5 h.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention provides a combination method of a thick and large rapid forming and pouring system and a wax mould body and a shell mould preparation method, which can effectively solve the problems that a model formed by a dissimilar material of the laser rapid forming and pouring system and the wax mould body is not firmly connected, and a dewaxing body is cracked and damaged in the shell mould preparation process.
(2) The shell manufacturing method can be used in the process verification stage, realizes the rapid verification of the process scheme, has the advantages of rapid response of production, shortened shell manufacturing period and cost saving.
(3) The shell manufacturing method is applied to the stages of research and development casting process, small-batch product trial production and single product production, can quickly realize early-stage quick production of products, shortens the research and development periods, and effectively reduces the product research and development and production cost of single small-batch products.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate an embodiment of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a laser rapid prototyping pouring system and a wax pattern body;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a gating system gate location;
FIG. 3 is a schematic drawing of a partial evacuation of the gating system;
1-laser rapid prototyping pouring system, 2-inner pouring gate connecting part and 3-wax pattern body.
Detailed Description
The technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely explained below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that, in the present invention, the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict, and the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments.
First embodiment, the first embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1 to 3, and a method for combining a thick and large rapid prototyping pouring system and a wax mold body specifically includes the following steps:
and S1, performing evacuation treatment on the thick part according to a three-dimensional digital model of the gating system, wherein the wall thickness is kept 3-5mm after evacuation, and grooves which are distributed transversely and longitudinally and are 1-2mm are kept on the end surface of the connection part of the inner gate.
Firstly, the thick part is subjected to evacuation treatment, and the thick part needs to be printed with a large cross section area in the 3D printing and forming process, and the laser sintering area is too large, so that the sintering heat at the printing cross section is too concentrated, the solidification shrinkage at the position is too large, the size deformation is serious, and the product rejection rate is high. The higher the heat generated by laser sintering, the more hardened the unsintered powder, and the more difficult it is to clean the wax pattern.
The invention adopts evacuation and wall thickness homogenization treatment to greatly reduce the sectional area of the model, so that the time for selective laser sintering is reduced, and the laser sintering time is shortened by about half. And in the economic view, the PSB powder used for printing can be saved, and the cost is saved.
Finally, the integral strength of the powder can be kept to the maximum extent by the wall thickness allowance of 3-5mm, the internal cavity can form a dewaxing channel, the PSB powder is guaranteed to give way like the internal cavity in the dewaxing process, and the shell mould damage caused by the overlarge expansion rate of the PSB powder in the dewaxing process is avoided.
A transverse and longitudinal groove with the thickness of 1-2mm is reserved on the end face of the inner sprue, so that the bonding area can be increased while the convenience in operation is ensured, and the overall strength of a bonding surface is improved.
S2, carrying out laser rapid prototyping printing on the designed three-dimensional digifax; PSB powder is used as a raw material for laser rapid prototyping printing, and after prototyping, the PSB powder at the evacuation part is removed and is placed in a wax tank for wax immersion.
The invention adopts PSB powder as raw material and adopts SLS laser rapid sintering method. SLS is used as a laser rapid forming method, PSB powder is adopted in the forming process, and a selective laser sintering forming method (SLS laser rapid sintering method) is different from other rapid forming methods, so that a support does not need to be built, loose powder which is not sintered before laser sintering is used as a natural support, and the forming precision is good. Converting the three-dimensional digifax into STL format, layering according to a certain thickness, converting the three-dimensional digifax into a two-dimensional section with a very thin thickness, adopting resin powder (PSB powder) with the thickness of 75-150 mu m, continuously carrying out photocuring processing on each thin layer in a planar processing mode under the control of a numerical control system, repeating the process, and bonding and forming the layers, wherein the PSB powder can have good bonding performance with wax, and is beneficial to integral combination and forming.
S3, pressing the wax mould body needing to be assembled; and pressing the wax mould body by using medium-temperature wax materials. The surface is smooth and free of defects, and after the pressing, the wax mold assembly is carried out after the pressing and the standing for 24 hours. The wax mould is placed for 24 hours, so that the size of the wax mould can be kept stable, and the size precision of the wax mould is improved.
S4, performing wax filling treatment on the three-dimensional formed pouring system body and the end face of the inner sprue; and after the printing and pouring system body is wax-poured, cooling for 12 hours, then pressing the wax mould body by adopting a mould, and standing for 24 hours.
The three-dimensional forming pouring system body and the interior are wax-poured, so that the connection strength of the printing pouring system and the wax mold body can be effectively improved. The pouring system is filled with wax for 12 hours, so that the wax liquid filled inside can be well infiltrated with the PSB powder printing model, and the overall strength is improved.
And S5, after the wax is completely cooled, combining the rapid forming and pouring system with the wax mould body. And assembling the dewaxing flow channel model and the casting system model by adopting an electric heating knife, and sticking a wax discharge hole at the outlet of the dewaxing flow channel in the assembling process.
The wax discharge hole can provide a channel for wax liquid flowing out in the dewaxing process, and after the wax liquid is discharged, the pressure can be released from the inside of the expanded PSB powder, so that the internal pressure is reduced.
A method for preparing a shell mold by using the combination method of the thick and large rapid forming pouring system and a wax mold body specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, combining the thick and large rapid forming and pouring system and the wax mould body by adopting the method for combining the thick and large rapid forming and pouring system and the wax mould body (namely applying the method for combining the thick and large rapid forming and pouring system and the wax mould body in the prior art);
s2, carrying out shell type coating on the combined model, reinforcing the shell type surface by using a fine iron wire on the sixth layer in the coating process, and scraping the surface coating of the wax removal hole in the coating process of each layer;
the shell mold strength can be improved while the size precision is guaranteed by the sixth layer of fine iron wires, the problem that the shell mold is broken in a dewaxing process due to expansion of PSB powder and expansion of a wax mold in the dewaxing process and the roasting process is avoided, and the wet strength of the shell mold after dewaxing can be improved.
S3, after shell mold drying and sealing slurry is prepared, steam dewaxing treatment is firstly carried out, the dewaxing temperature is 170 ℃, the dewaxing time is 30S, the dewaxing pressure is 4-6bar, drying is carried out for 5 hours, and then roasting treatment is carried out, wherein the roasting temperature is 1050 ℃, and the roasting time is 2 hours.
The steam pressurization dewaxing is carried out before roasting, so that the wax liquid can be partially dissolved out firstly, the internal pressure is reduced, and the internal vacuumizing structure can provide a channel for later-stage PSB powder removal and wax liquid removal of the wax mould body, so that the full combustion of the wax liquid is promoted. If the PSB powder and the wax pattern are removed by direct roasting, the PSB powder is rapidly changed from a solid state to a gaseous state, and rapid volume expansion is generated inside the PSB powder, so that the internal pressure of the shell mold is too high, and the shell mold is easily damaged.
And S4, plugging the wax discharge hole part of the calcined shell by adopting a ceramic cap, and fully drying the plugged part for 12 hours to obtain the shell.
The shell manufacturing method can effectively solve the problems that the connection between the laser rapid forming pouring system and the wax mould body heterogeneous material composition model is not firm, and the dewaxing body is cracked and damaged in the shell manufacturing process.
The embodiments of the invention disclosed above are intended merely to aid in the explanation of the invention. The examples are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed. Many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and the practical application, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for combining a thick and large rapid forming pouring system with a wax mold body is characterized in that: the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, providing a three-dimensional digital model of the gating system;
s2, carrying out laser rapid prototyping printing on the designed three-dimensional digifax;
s3, pressing the wax mould body needing to be assembled;
s4, ensuring the surface to be smooth and free of defects, and after the pressing, standing for 24 hours, and assembling a wax mould;
s5, performing wax filling treatment on the three-dimensional formed pouring system body and the end face of the inner sprue;
s6, cooling the printing and pouring system body for 12 hours after wax filling, then pressing the wax mould body by adopting a mould, and standing for 24 hours for cooling;
and S7, after the wax is completely cooled, combining the rapid forming and pouring system with the wax mould body.
2. The method for combining a thick and large rapid prototyping pouring system and a wax pattern body as set forth in claim 1, wherein: and step S1, performing evacuation treatment on the thick part, wherein the wall thickness is kept 3-5mm after evacuation, and grooves which are distributed transversely and longitudinally and are 1-2mm are kept on the end surface of the connection part of the inner gate.
3. The method for combining a thick and large rapid prototyping pouring system and a wax pattern body as set forth in claim 1, wherein: in step S2, the laser rapid prototyping printing adopts PSB powder as a raw material, removes the PSB powder at the evacuation position, and puts the PSB powder into a wax tank for wax dipping.
4. The method for combining a thick and large rapid prototyping pouring system and a wax pattern body as set forth in claim 1, wherein: in step S2, the laser rapid prototyping printing adopts an SLS laser rapid sintering method.
5. The method for combining a thick and large rapid prototyping pouring system and a wax pattern body as set forth in claim 1, wherein: in step S3, the pressing process adopts medium temperature wax material to perform wax mold body pressing.
6. The method for combining a thick and large rapid prototyping pouring system and a wax pattern body as set forth in claim 1, wherein: and step S7, assembling the mould with the casting system model by adopting an electric heating knife, and sticking a wax-removing hole at the outlet of the dewaxing runner in the assembling process.
7. A shell mold preparation method, which utilizes the combination method of the thick rapid prototyping pouring system and the wax mold body as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, and is characterized in that: the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, combining the thick and large rapid forming pouring system with the wax mould body;
s2, carrying out shell type coating on the combined model, reinforcing the shell type surface by using a fine iron wire on the sixth layer in the coating process, and scraping the surface coating of the wax removal hole in the coating process of each layer;
s3, preparing shell mold drying and sealing slurry, performing steam dewaxing treatment, drying treatment and roasting treatment;
and S4, plugging the wax discharge hole of the calcined shell, and drying the plugged part for 12 hours to obtain the shell.
8. The method of preparing a shell mold of claim 7, wherein: in step S3, after the shell mold drying and sealing slurry is prepared, steam dewaxing treatment is firstly carried out, the dewaxing temperature is 170 +/-10 ℃, the dewaxing time is 30-35S, and the dewaxing pressure is 4-6 bar.
9. The method of preparing a shell mold of claim 7, wherein: in step S3, the material is dried for 5 hours and then baked.
10. The method of preparing a shell mold of claim 7, wherein: in step S3, the roasting temperature of the roasting treatment is 1050 +/-10 ℃ and the time is 2-2.5 h.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111547932.4A CN114210918A (en) | 2021-12-16 | 2021-12-16 | Combination method of thick rapid-forming pouring system and wax mold body and shell mold preparation method |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111547932.4A CN114210918A (en) | 2021-12-16 | 2021-12-16 | Combination method of thick rapid-forming pouring system and wax mold body and shell mold preparation method |
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| CN114210918A true CN114210918A (en) | 2022-03-22 |
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| CN202111547932.4A Pending CN114210918A (en) | 2021-12-16 | 2021-12-16 | Combination method of thick rapid-forming pouring system and wax mold body and shell mold preparation method |
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| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN114210918A (en) |
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- 2021-12-16 CN CN202111547932.4A patent/CN114210918A/en active Pending
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