CN114209366A

CN114209366A - Bone-taking biopsy instrument

Info

Publication number: CN114209366A
Application number: CN202111603362.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 姚柏艇; 姚益奇; 王文波; 卓清山; 张鹏云
Original assignee: NINGBO HICREN BIOTECHNOLOGY CO LTD
Current assignee: NINGBO HICREN BIOTECHNOLOGY CO LTD
Priority date: 2021-12-24
Filing date: 2021-12-24
Publication date: 2022-03-22
Anticipated expiration: 2041-12-24
Also published as: CN114209366B

Abstract

The invention discloses a bone biopsy instrument, comprising: a bone drill is taken, a rotating handle is arranged at the near end, and a cutting edge part is arranged at the far end; the center of the distal end surface of the cutting edge part is provided with a positioning edge part, the distal end surface of the cutting edge part is cut into a cross structure, a bone fragment channel is arranged between two adjacent shafts, and the bone fragment channel is communicated with a collecting cavity in the rotating handle; the bone fragment channel comprises a far-end bone fragment channel and a circumferential bone fragment channel which are communicated; drilling blade parts are arranged on the same side of the outer surface of the cutting blade part between two adjacent bone fragment channels, and each drilling blade part comprises an end face drilling blade part and a circumferential drilling blade part; the outer surface of the push rod is in threaded connection with the inner surface of the bone taking drill, and the far end of the push rod is in contact with the bottom of the collecting cavity. The bone biopsy instrument provided by the invention can obtain sufficient bone fragments at one time, the steps of bone taking operation are simple and convenient, the time consumed by bone taking is reduced, and the purpose of quickly, sufficiently and safely taking bones is realized.

Description

Bone-taking biopsy instrument

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of medical instruments, in particular to a bone taking biopsy instrument.

Background

At present, when carrying out spine, traumatic joint and other operations, a clinician often needs to take corresponding bone substances at the position close to the operation of a patient to identify whether the patient has bone cancer or not, and finally, whether a conventional operation process can be carried out or not is evaluated. The existing bone biopsy methods are two types:

firstly, a bone taking cutting drill is adopted to drill a bone part, bone is pre-stored in a bone fragment groove to reach a certain bone taking amount, the bone taking drill is withdrawn, and a sharp instrument is adopted to remove the bone in the bone fragment groove to carry out rapid detection on bone cancer.

Adopt this mode of getting bone, getting the bone in-process, the bone bits often leads to most bone bits to break away from the drilling groove because the rotatory centrifugal force of bone drill, leads to the bone mass not enough, and then can't develop the short-term test of osteocarcinoma, need repeatedly get the bone, bring unexpected injury for the patient.

And secondly, taking the bone by adopting a trephine method, wherein the bone taking amount of the bone is sufficient, and taking out the bone in the trephine after the bone is taken out to detect the bone cancer.

By adopting the bone taking mode, the bone cannot be disconnected with the bone of the main body part to a great extent, so that when the bone drill is taken out, the bone is not separated from the main body along with the taking, and the bone taking fails. The bone is repeatedly taken for many times, which brings unexpected injury to the patient.

The following studies have also been carried out by those skilled in the art:

patent CN110269662A provides a bone extraction tool, and the specific bone extraction method is: firstly, driving a positioning rod with threads inside the positioning needle to drill into a bone block and limit the depth, then driving the sawtooth part of the outer sleeve to perform annular cutting, cutting into a ring, and then lifting and taking out the bone block. The bone taking tool has the following defects: (1) the bone extractor needs to cut and extract bones for two times, so that the operation is complicated; (2) when the bone block is pulled up after the annular cutting is finished, the phenomenon that the bone block cannot be extracted exists due to limited thread contact, and particularly the phenomenon that the bone block cannot be extracted in a region close to cancellous bone of a joint is particularly prominent; (3) when in annular cutting, due to the cutting friction between the instrument and the bone, heat is concentrated on the annular cutting sawteeth, which is easy to cause bone burn.

Patent KR1020120128076A provides a drill bit for collecting bone. The bone taking tool has the following defects: (1) the two-edge drilling is poor in heat dissipation, heat is concentrated during cutting, and the situation of bone burn is easy to occur; (2) the appearance of the spring sleeve is easy to accumulate bone fragments at the spring gap when the spring sleeve rotates centrifugally at a high speed, so that the telescopic function of the spring is greatly reduced, and a more ideal drilling depth cannot be obtained; (3) two cutting edges are designed at the front end of drilling, the axial exposed space of the end opening is large, when the bone drill is extracted, bone chips easily fall off, and sufficient bone chip quantity cannot be obtained in a bone storage bin; (4) after the bone is taken out, the bone fragments are inconvenient to remove.

Patent CN111358505A is a minimally invasive bone marrow biopsy sampling needle, which realizes cutting and collection of bone through a triangular pyramid head and channels on three conical surfaces. The draw needle has the following defects: (1) when drilling, the device is contacted with the bone block in a large area to cause the phenomenon of bone burn; (2) in the design of the triangular pyramidal face at the head part and the design of the cylinder at the tail part, the drilling depth is bound to be limited due to the friction between the excircle and the hole, thereby reducing the bone taking amount.

Although the application of bone extraction is quite popular, the prior art can not meet the requirements of convenience and effectiveness in clinical use from the analysis of bone extraction effect. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce a biopsy device with convenient bone extraction and high bone extraction efficiency to replace the existing bone extraction technology. Based on the bone taking biopsy device, the bone taking cabin space and the sufficient bone taking amount are preset from the point of drilling sharpness.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a bone biopsy instrument for achieving the aim, and the bone biopsy instrument can be used for quickly, sufficiently and safely taking bones before clinical operation to identify whether a patient has bone cancer or not so as to evaluate whether the clinical operation process is normally carried out or not.

The invention provides a bone biopsy instrument, comprising:

a bone drill is taken, a rotating handle is arranged at the near end, and a cutting edge part is arranged at the far end; the center of the distal end face of the cutting edge part is provided with a positioning edge part, a cross structure is cut on the distal end face of the cutting edge part, a bone fragment channel is arranged between two adjacent shafts, and the bone fragment channel is communicated with a collecting cavity in the rotating handle; the bone fragment channel comprises a far-end bone fragment channel and a circumferential bone fragment channel which are communicated; drilling edge parts are arranged on the same side of the outer surface of the cutting edge part between two adjacent bone fragment channels, and each drilling edge part comprises an end face drilling edge part and a circumferential drilling edge part;

the outer surface of the push rod is in threaded connection with the inner surface of the bone taking drill, and the far end of the push rod is in contact with the bottom of the collecting cavity.

Preferably, the center of the distal end surface of the cutting edge part is provided with a four-sided cone, four sides of the four-sided cone are opposite to the bone fragment channel, and a group of opposite conical surfaces are cut in an arc shape, so that a group of opposite ridge lines form the positioning edge part.

Preferably, a push rod handle is arranged at the near end of the push rod, external threads are arranged on the outer surface of the push rod, the push rod is hollow inside to form a push rod inner cavity, and the pipe diameter of the inner surface of the far end of the push rod inner cavity is gradually increased from near to far to form a guide taper hole.

Preferably, the bone drill is hollow inside to form the collection cavity, and the proximal end of the collection cavity is provided with an internal thread which is matched with the external thread.

Preferably, the rotating handle is fixed on the outer surface of the proximal end of the bone drill, and the rotating handle and the bone drill form a T shape.

Preferably, the collection chamber is in close clearance fit with the outer wall of the pushrod.

Preferably, the outer diameter of the cutting edge part is larger than that of the bone drill.

By adopting the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:

(1) the bone taking biopsy instrument provided by the invention controls the flow direction of bone fragments through the cutting edge part provided with the positioning edge part and the drilling edge part, and is matched with the bone fragment collecting cavity to collect the bone fragments; when bone fragments are extracted, the push rod covers the bone fragment channel to the maximum extent, so that the bone fragment leakage amount is reduced, and sufficient bone fragments can be obtained at one time; the steps of the bone taking operation can be simple and convenient, and the time consumed by the bone taking is reduced; the aim of quickly, sufficiently and safely taking the bone is fulfilled, the preoperative bone taking time is shortened, and the trauma of a patient is minimized to the greatest extent.

(2) The bone taking biopsy instrument provided by the invention only consists of two parts, namely a bone taking drill and a push rod, and is simple in structure and cooperation and convenient in operation.

(3) The bone biopsy instrument provided by the invention has the advantages that due to the arrangement of the positioning blade part and the drilling blade part and the multi-blade structure design, the risk of bone burn caused by drilling heat generation is dispersed, and the risk of bone burn caused by concentrated heat generation due to cutting friction is controlled to the maximum extent.

(4) The bone biopsy instrument provided by the invention is provided with cutting edges on the distal end surface and the circumferential direction, so that the cutting sharpness is greatly improved.

(5) The diameter of the front cutting edge part is larger than that of the proximal tube part, so that the drill can drill infinitely to obtain enough bone quantity.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the bone drill of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of the structure of the area A in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a cutting edge according to the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a right side view of FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of the structure of the area B in FIG. 3;

FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of the push rod;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of drilling and bone removal by the bone removal drill;

FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the push rod entering the bone drill collection cavity;

FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the bone drill being pulled along with the push rod;

FIG. 10 is a bottom view of the cutting edge portion of the push rod in contact with the bottom of the cavity of the bur collection chamber;

the symbols in the drawings indicate the description:

internal thread 1, rotation handle 2, get bone drill 3, collect chamber 4, cutting edge portion 5, location cutting edge portion 6, drilling cutting portion 7, terminal surface drilling cutting portion 71, circumference drilling cutting portion 72, push rod handle 8, external screw thread 9, push rod 10, push rod inner chamber 11, direction taper hole 12, bone bits passageway 13.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in detail and specifically with reference to the following examples to facilitate better understanding of the present invention, but the following examples do not limit the scope of the present invention. In the following description, the distal end means an end away from the user, and the proximal end means an end close to the user.

Example 1

Referring to fig. 8-9, the present embodiment provides a bone biopsy instrument comprising a bone drill 3 and a push rod 10.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, the bone drill 3 is hollow inside to form a collection cavity 4, the distal end of the bone drill is provided with a cutting edge part 5, the specific structure of the cutting edge part 5 is shown in fig. 2-4, the center of the distal end surface of the cutting edge part 5 is provided with a positioning edge part 6, the distal end surface of the cutting edge part 5 is cut into a cross structure, a bone fragment channel 13 is arranged between two adjacent shafts, and the bone fragment channel 13 is communicated with the collection cavity 4 inside the rotary handle 2; the bone fragment channel 13 comprises a far-end bone fragment channel and a circumferential bone fragment channel which are communicated; drilling edge parts 7 are arranged on the same side of the outer surfaces of the cutting edge parts 5 between two adjacent bone fragment channels 13, and each drilling edge part 7 comprises an end surface drilling edge part 71 and a circumferential drilling edge part 72;

in the specific use, through applying the revolving force to getting bone drill 3 for get bone drill 3 distal end and get bone position location through location cutting part 6, continue to apply the revolving force, drilling cutting part 7 implements the drilling and gets the bone, and the bone bits of cutting pass through bone bits passageway 13 and get into and collect chamber 4.

In a specific embodiment, the cutting edge portion 5 is a tubular structure having a bottom surface, the distal end of the cutting edge portion 5 protrudes towards the distal end to form a circular truncated cone, the upper bottom surface of the distal end of the circular truncated cone forms a four-sided cone, the conical surface of the four-sided cone is recessed downward to form a conical surface with a radian, wherein a set of opposite conical surfaces is cut in an arc shape, so that a set of opposite ridges forms the positioning edge portion 6.

In a specific embodiment, four bone fragment channels 13 are cut out of the periphery of the distal end surface of the bone drill 3, the bone fragment channels 13 comprise a distal bone fragment channel and a circumferential bone fragment channel which are communicated, and four surfaces of the four-surface cone are opposite to the bone fragment channels 13; four bone fragment passageway 13 is central symmetry and distributes, adjacent two between the bone fragment passageway 13 the same side of cutting edge portion 5's surface is equipped with drilling cutting edge portion 7. The positioning edge part 6 and the drilling edge part 7 at the specific positions are arranged to cut bone fragments and control the flow direction of the bone fragments, so that more bone fragments flow to the bone fragment collecting cavity 4 as far as possible and are collected.

In a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 5, the outer diameter of the cutting edge part 5 is larger than the outer diameter of the bone drill 3, i.e., the diameter of the cutting edge part 5 at the front end is larger than the diameter of the proximal tube part of the bone drill 3, so that the drill can drill to an infinite depth and a sufficient bone amount can be obtained.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, a proximal end of the bone drill 3 is provided with a rotation handle 2.

In a preferred embodiment, the rotating handle 2 is fixed on the outer surface of the proximal end of the bone drill 3, the rotating handle 2 and the bone drill 3 form a T shape, and the bone drill 3 can be applied with a larger rotating force through the rotating handle 2, so that the bone can be quickly taken.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 6, the push rod 10 is hollow inside to form a push rod inner cavity 11, the proximal end of the push rod 10 is provided with a push rod handle 8, the distal end of the push rod 10 is provided with a guiding taper hole 12, the outer surface of the push rod 10 is provided with an external thread 9, and the external thread is matched with the internal thread 1 of the collecting cavity 4, so that the outer surface of the push rod 10 is in threaded connection with the inner surface of the bone drill 3.

In a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 6, the outer surface of the proximal end of the push rod 10 near the push rod handle 8 is provided with an external thread 9; as shown in fig. 1, the proximal end of the collecting chamber 4 is provided with an internal thread 1.

When the internal thread 1 is matched with the external thread 9 and the push rod handle 8 cannot be screwed continuously, the far end of the push rod 10 is contacted with the bottom of the collection cavity 4, as shown in fig. 9, the peripheral bone fragment channel of the bone fragment channel 13 is covered by the outer wall of the push rod 10, and the axial end part is also mostly covered, as shown in fig. 10.

In a specific embodiment, as shown in fig. 6, the inner surface of the distal end of the push rod inner cavity 11 has a gradually increasing tube diameter from the proximal end to the distal end, forming a guide taper hole 12. The push rod 10 is plugged along the collection cavity 4, as shown in fig. 8, and after the internal thread and the external thread are matched, the bone fragments in the collection cavity 4 are extruded into the push rod inner cavity 11 due to the action of the guide taper hole 12, as shown in fig. 9.

In a preferred embodiment, the collection chamber 4 is a small clearance fit with the outer wall of the pushrod 10. The push rod 10 can be inserted smoothly into the collecting chamber 4.

In a specific embodiment, the above components are made of stainless steel.

Example 2

This example provides a specific method of using the bone biopsy instrument of example 1, including the following steps:

step S1: after the bone taking part is determined, exposing the bone taking visual field, applying torsion to the positioning blade part 6 through the rotating handle 2, positioning the bone taking part, continuously applying pressing torsion to the rotating handle 2, and taking the bone by the positioning blade part 6 and the drilling blade part 7, as shown in fig. 7;

step S2: in the drilling process, due to the bone fragment channel 13 arranged on the cutting edge part 5, the bone fragments flow into the collecting cavity 4 until the drilling is carried out to a proper depth, and the drilling is stopped to take the bone;

step S3: slowly inserting the push rod 10 along the collection cavity 4, as shown in fig. 8, extruding bone fragments in the collection cavity 4 into the push rod inner cavity 11 due to the guiding taper hole 12 at the far end of the push rod 10, screwing the push rod handle 8 to enable the external thread 9 of the push rod 10 to be in threaded fit with the internal thread 1 of the bone drill until the push rod handle 8 cannot be screwed continuously, and then all the bone fragments enter the push rod inner cavity 11 as shown in fig. 9;

step S4: the bone taking drill 3 and the push rod 10 are retracted together, and as the far end of the push rod 10 is contacted with the bottom of the collection cavity 4, the circumferential bone fragment channel of the bone fragment channel 13 is covered by the outer wall of the push rod 10, and most of the axial end part is covered, as shown in figure 10, so all the bone fragments are completely taken out;

step S5: and (3) completing the bone taking process, separating the bone taking drill 3 from the push rod 10, reserving the collected bone fragments in the push rod inner cavity 11, penetrating the collected bone fragments from the near end of the push rod inner cavity 11 by adopting a thin kirschner wire, and pushing out the bone fragments along the channel of the push rod inner cavity 11, namely completing the bone taking operation.

The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, but the embodiments are merely examples, and the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above. Any equivalent modifications and substitutions to those skilled in the art are also within the scope of the present invention. Accordingly, equivalent changes and modifications made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be covered by the present invention.

Claims

1. A bone biopsy instrument, comprising:

a bone drill (3) is provided, a rotating handle (2) is arranged at the near end, and a cutting edge part (5) is arranged at the far end; a positioning blade part (6) is arranged at the center of the far end face of the cutting blade part (5), a cross structure is cut on the far end face of the cutting blade part (5), a bone fragment channel (13) is arranged between two adjacent shafts, and the bone fragment channel (13) is communicated with a collection cavity (4) in the rotating handle (2); the bone fragment channel (13) comprises a far-end bone fragment channel and a circumferential bone fragment channel which are communicated; drilling blade parts (7) are arranged on the same sides of the outer surfaces of the cutting blade parts (5) between two adjacent bone fragment channels (13), and each drilling blade part (7) comprises an end face drilling blade part (71) and a circumferential drilling blade part (72);

the outer surface of the push rod (10) is in threaded connection with the inner surface of the bone taking drill (3), and the far end of the push rod (10) is in contact with the bottom of the collecting cavity (4).

2. Bone biopsy instrument as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the cutting edge (5) is centrally provided with a four-sided cone on its distal face, four sides of which are opposite to the bone fragment channel (13), one set of opposite cones being cut in an arc-shaped manner so that one set of opposite ridges forms the positioning edge (6).

3. The bone biopsy instrument as claimed in claim 1, wherein the outer surface of the push rod (10) is provided with an external thread (9), the push rod (10) is hollow to form a push rod inner cavity (11), and the inner surface of the far end of the push rod inner cavity (11) is gradually increased in pipe diameter from near to far to form a guide taper hole (12).

4. The biopsy instrument of claim 3, wherein the bone drill (3) is hollow inside to form the collection chamber (4), the proximal end of the collection chamber (4) is provided with an internal thread (1), and the internal thread (1) is matched with the external thread (9).

5. Bone biopsy instrument according to claim 1, wherein the rotation handle (2) is fixed to the outer surface of the proximal end of the bone drill (3), the rotation handle (2) forming a T-shape with the bone drill (3).

6. Bone biopsy instrument according to claim 1, wherein the collection chamber (4) has a small clearance fit with the outer wall of the push rod (10).

7. Bone biopsy instrument according to claim 1, wherein the cutting edge (5) has an outer diameter larger than the outer diameter of the bone drill (3).

8. Bone biopsy instrument according to claim 1, wherein the bone drill (3) and the push rod (10) are made of stainless steel.