CN114206603A - 包括由连接层分隔且其中的纤维彼此平行的至少两对单向层的防弹层压件 - Google Patents

包括由连接层分隔且其中的纤维彼此平行的至少两对单向层的防弹层压件 Download PDF

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CN114206603A
CN114206603A CN202080053006.9A CN202080053006A CN114206603A CN 114206603 A CN114206603 A CN 114206603A CN 202080053006 A CN202080053006 A CN 202080053006A CN 114206603 A CN114206603 A CN 114206603A
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laminate
sub
textile
ballistic resistant
ballistic
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菲利波·西特里奥
乔治·赛莱斯特·西特里奥
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FRATELLI CITTERIO SpA
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于构造防弹保护物的结构,该结构将高弹丸拦阻和创伤减少性能与高的柔性相结合。生产了一种防弹层压件,其包括由连接层分隔开的至少两对单向层,其中纤维彼此平行。在优选实施例中,该防弹结构包括多个单向防弹纱线子层压件。每个子层压件包括至少两个单向防弹层,该至少两个单向防弹层的纤维基本上平行,即以相同方向定向;具有平行纤维的两个防弹层彼此不直接接触,而是由包括例如也是粘合剂的膜的层分隔(并且保持在一起)。然后,子层压件被联接在一起,使得每个子层压件的单向纤维基本上垂直于相邻子层压件的单向纤维。

Description

包括由连接层分隔且其中的纤维彼此平行的至少两对单向层 的防弹层压件
技术领域
本发明涉及用于构造防弹保护物(ballistic protection)的结构,该结构将高的子弹拦阻和创伤减少性能与高的柔性相结合。
现有技术
本发明的范围是以组件形式的纤维或条带(以下称为纤维)所构成的防弹结构。
第一个防弹保护物是通过叠加具有传统结构(经纬型)的织物来生产,在传统结构中纬线穿过经线;尽管随着时间的推移已经实施了一些小的修改,但这种类型的织物总是具有两组纤维(通常彼此垂直),该两组纤维也穿插一些织法,即存在于线本身之间的不同类型的交叉。
这些已知的纺织品结构具有一些缺点:
-负责吸收入射弹丸的能量的声波反射节点在纤维之间的交叉点处产生;这种反射导致纤维经受由入射波和反射波两者的力引起的应力作用,并且随之削弱了该结构;
-用于纬线的纱线通过一种工艺(例如“defiler”)被织入织物,该工艺对纱线施加扭转扭曲,这导致纤维与纱线方向不平行;这种未对齐降低了纱线的防弹性能。
通过生产单向织物已经实现了净改善;这些织物由彼此对齐且平行的、部分地或全部地浸渍有不同种类的基质的纱线的层组成。
单向(UD)织物的最终结构包括若干单向纤维层的重叠,其中每一层以通常大约90°的角度被叠加至前一层。在这种情况下,由于属于同一层的纱线之间没有交叉,因此通过使用基质/树脂来确保结构的凝聚力。
后一种结构具有的不容置疑的优点是纱线之间没有交叉,使得声波可以被吸收而不会反射。
同样,这些结构具有可变形的缺点,因为它们必须依赖于各层之间的通过使用基质产生的凝聚力,因为它们在纱线之间没有物理交叉。
由于这种可变形性,织物的外部表面必须被附加的元件(例如膜)保护,这些附加的元件也确保在使用期间的可接受的耐磨性。
通过使用多轴向织物已经实现了进一步的防弹改进,在多轴向织物中防弹纱线彼此成一定角度单向地排列在重叠层中,并且之后通过针织工艺缝合;在更高性能的变化形式中,彼此垂直布置的相邻线层通过存在的附加粘合剂层(膜类型)是稳定的。应该注意到,这一特征(即在0°层和90°层之间存在膜)已经带来了在创伤方面的显著减少。
如上所述,该结构的防弹性能通过以下两个主要参数来评估:第一个是所谓的V50,即50%的弹丸被织物拦阻的速度;第二个涉及与防弹结构在弹丸已经被拦阻后经历的变形(背部面变形BFD)相关联的创伤深度。后一个值通常参考标准(例如NiJ04)通过在弹道冲击试验期间测量压痕的深度来限定,压痕产生在放置有防弹包装物(ballisticpackage)的一块橡皮泥中。
为了抑制这种创伤,已经发现在彼此垂直布置的纤维层(包括在UD结构和多轴向结构中)之间引入粘合剂膜,大大减少创伤,而不会显著损失V50。
不考虑防弹结构,已知的是负责拦阻弹丸的部分主要是纤维;目前被最广泛使用的纤维是基于聚乙烯、聚丙烯、玻璃、碳、包括呈共聚物形式的芳族聚酰胺型纤维、PVA纤维、诸如大麻的天然纤维等的纤维。
近年来,以非常高的弹性模量和抗拉强度值为特征的纤维已经投放到市场上;例如基于UHMWPE(超高分子量聚乙烯)的那些纤维,其具有超过40cN/dtex的抗拉强度和多于135GPa的模量;典型地,这些纤维比最好的基于芳族聚酰胺的纤维高大约30%的抵抗性。
然而,树脂(尤其是膜类型)在机械性能方面没有经历同样的发展。
因此,试图将相同的纤维/基质纺织品构造形式用于高性能纤维和不具有高性能的基质不会导致期望的益处。
具体而言,纺织品结构能够通过在下面示出的、由Cunniff所开发的公式(1999年11月15-19日,美国德克萨斯州圣安东尼奥的第18届国际弹道学研讨会论文集中的Cunniff,P.M.的“用于优化基于纺织品的防弹衣系统的尺寸参数(DimensionalParameters for optimization of textile-based body armor systems)”)吸收能量,该公式表明吸收的能量与单位质量的纤维所能够储存的最大弹性能量和该纤维典型的声波速度成正比。
Figure BDA0003482584920000031
在实践中,有必要通过开发纤维吸收弹性能量的能力(这反过来取决于抗拉强度和断裂伸长率)来尝试吸收最大能量,并且同样尝试尽可能快地将能量从弹丸冲击区传输出去(与声波在该纤维中的速度有关);正是由于这个原因,在当今的纺织品结构中,每个单向纤维层相对于前一层被旋转90度;以这种方式能量被尽可能快地从弹丸的冲击点移走。
为了提高结构的防弹响应,因此有必要使纤维具有高抗拉强度、高伸长率、低密度和高弹性模量。
正如上文提到的,UD织物和多轴向织物需要应用树脂,该树脂保证结构的稳定性和在防弹事件期间保持纤维在原位的最大可能能力。
在层是由纤维和树脂构成的情况下,Cunniff的公式仍然有效,但是必须考虑到的事实是,对于相同的质量,一些织物已经被树脂代替,这实际上降低了纤维的抗拉强度、其弹性模量,并且随之降低了能量吸收声波的速度。
这已经用实验方法被证实。
众所周知,树脂通过将纤维保持在它们一起作用的位置来增加分层表面积;如果纤维和树脂的属性之间的差异太大,该两种材料则以完全不一致的方式工作,因此降低了该结构的防弹拦阻能力。在这种情况下,树脂阻止纱线纤维正常工作。
本领域技术人员可能倾向于减少树脂的量以补救这个问题,但是这产生了两个问题:
-树脂的量必须被减少到使得该结构没有充分的凝聚力;
-目前所生产的膜在多于100cm的深度不能少于6g/m2,然而织物的深度通常是160cm。
除了以上之外,在经线和多轴向纬线UD型织物中,已经发现单个单向层越轻,V50值越高,并且如果纤维在两个相对于彼此旋转的相邻层中的相对运动受到限制,则创伤就更小。
发明目的
本发明的主要目的是提供一种防弹保护元件,其减少了已知技术中的缺点。
发明概述
根据本发明,这一结果已经通过制造用于防弹保护物的防弹层压件而实现,该层压件包括至少一个第一单向纺织品子层压件和至少一个第二单向纺织品子层压件,该第一纺织品子层压件和第二纺织品子层压件各自包括第一纺织品层和第二纺织品层,该第一纺织品层具有基本上在α方向上排列的第一多个防弹纤维,该第二纺织品层包括基本上在α方向上排列的第二多个防弹纤维,每个子层压件的第一纺织品层和第二纺织品层由连接层分隔,第一纺织品子层压件和第二纺织品子层压件彼此接触并且以这种方式排列,即使得第一子层压件的纤维方向和第二子层压件的纤维方向相对于彼此形成90°+/-10°的角度。单向纺织品层优选地由树脂基质预浸渍,该树脂基质包含以下材料中的一种或更多种:丙烯酸、聚乙烯、聚丁烯、聚氨酯或基于嵌段共聚物的树脂。分隔每个子层压件的第一纺织品层和第二纺织品层的保护层包括以下材料中的一种或更多种:呈(优选粘合剂)膜或其他结构(诸如网、毡状物或编织(woven)/非编织织物)的形式的聚氨酯、聚酯、聚酰胺、聚乙烯或聚丙烯。
根据优选的实施例,防弹纤维由芳族聚酰胺材料、被称为UHMWPE的超高分子量聚乙烯材料、共聚芳族聚酰胺、聚苯并噁唑或聚苯并噻唑材料、液晶、玻璃、碳等制成,这些材料也彼此混合。优选地,防弹层压件包括多个直径在0.02毫米和3毫米之间的通孔,这些通孔穿过第一子层压件和第二子层压件并且具有每平方厘米在0.5和10之间的密度。
优选地,第一纺织品子层压件和第二纺织品子层压件通过压制连结在一起。当存在通孔时,优选在压制阶段之后制造通孔。在优选实施例中,第一纺织品子层压件和第二纺织品子层压件通过缝合连结在一起。至少一些通孔可以在缝合阶段期间制造。缝合优选地使用直径比用于缝合的线的直径大至少20%的针来进行。可选地,孔可以通过装备有具有多个冲孔器(punch)的辊子或圆筒的系统来钻孔,以当辊子(或圆筒)在层压件上滚动时产生孔。
每个纺织品元件的重量优选地在10g/m2和500g/m2之间。
在本发明的第二方面,提供了一种用于生产如上所述的防弹层压件的方法。该生产方法包括以下步骤:
-将至少第一单向纺织品层、粘合剂膜和至少第二单向纺织品层彼此接触地放置,以这种方式使得粘合剂膜被放置在纺织品层之间并且将纺织品层保持在一起。第一纺织品层和第二纺织品层包括以基本上相同的方向(+/-10°)排列的多个防弹纤维;
-通过压力将至少第一纺织品层、粘合剂膜和至少第二纺织品层连结在一起,产生纺织品子层压件;
-将第一纺织品子层压件和第二纺织品子层压件彼此接触地放置,使得第一纺织品子层压件的纤维的方向和第二纺织品子层压件的纤维的方向相对于彼此成90°+/-10°的角度;
-以1和200巴之间的压力将至少第一纺织品子层压件和至少第二纺织品子层压件连结在一起。
根据本发明的另一方面,提供了包括至少一层上述防弹层压件的防弹保护物。
根据本发明的另一方面,提供有一种混合防弹包装物,其包括如上所述的至少一个防弹层压件,该防弹层压件基于具有大于30cN/dtex的韧性、大于120Gpa的模量和大于2%的伸长率的UHMW聚乙烯纤维,和具有大于26cN/dtex的纤维韧性、大于100Gpa的模量和大于2%的伸长率的至少一层基于芳族聚酰胺共聚物的织物,从而使得:通过55gr fsp所吸收的比能高于35j/kg/m2;根据标准NIJ0.101.06,对于重量小于4.6kg/m2的包装物,用.44Magnum Speer HP弹丸所获得的V50与根据相同的NIJ0.101.06标准所记录的最大创伤之间的比率大于或等于11(m/s)/mm。根据优选的实施例,当存在通孔时,通孔将具有在0.02毫米和3毫米之间的直径。优选地,通孔的数量每平方厘米将在0.5和10之间。
利用根据本发明的结构,获得了优于市场上现有产品的防弹性能,以及高柔性、耐久性和长期稳定性。
附图简述
本领域技术人员从以下描述和与说明性特征的实施例相关的附图中将更好地理解本发明的这些和另外的优点、目的和特征,但不应从限制的意义上理解,其中:
图1示出了在钻孔之前、根据本发明的可行的实施例的用于防弹保护物的结构的透视图;
图2示出了图1中的结构的侧视图;
图3图解性地示出了由通孔引起的单向纤维在直线方向上的偏转(inflection)(或不连续性)。
详细描述
根据本发明的优选实施例,提供一种包括多个单向防弹纱线子层压件的结构。每个子层压件包括至少两个单向防弹层,该至少两个单向防弹层具有基本上平行的纤维,即定向在相同方向上;具有平行纤维的两个防弹层彼此并不直接接触,而是通过由包括例如膜的层分隔(并且保持在一起),该膜可以是粘合剂。
然后,将子层压件连结在一起,使得每个子层压件的单向纤维基本上垂直于相邻子层压件的单向纤维。
如图1所示,该结构包括由以下项所组成的层的重叠:
-在方向α(例如0°)上的单向纤维层101,该单向纤维层优选用基质(例如具有低模量和高伸长率的基质)浸渍;
-粘合剂聚合物结构层105,诸如膜、网等;
-在方向α上(如在已知技术的解决方案中,平行且不在垂直于α方向的β方向上(在本示例中为90°))被浸渍有基质(例如具有低模量和高伸长率)的单向纤维层101;
-在垂直于方向α的方向β上的单向纤维层103;
-粘合剂聚合物结构层105,诸如膜、网等;
-在β方向上(而不是在垂直于β方向的α方向上)被浸渍有基质的单向纤维层103。
在图1中的结构中,三个上部层101、105和101构成第一子层压件,其中(层101中的)纤维全都被定向在相同方向α上;三个下部层103、105和103构成第二子层压件,其中(层103中的)防弹纤维全都被定向在垂直于α的β方向上。
这种结构的一个特征是单向防弹纤维层被布置成使得它们形成具有平行纤维的子集层(在我们的示例中是成对的,但可以是多于两个;第一层101与第二层101;第一层103和第二层103)并且平行的对由粘合剂元件105(例如粘合剂膜)分隔。相反,在本发明的优选实施例中,具有彼此垂直的纤维的相邻层的对(优选用基质浸渍的第二层101和第一层103)彼此是直接接触的,其间没有保护膜。这种直接接触的特征提高了结构的防弹性能。
为了简化,在本说明书中我们提到精确的测量和限定(例如0°和90°或平行和垂直),但是为了本发明的目的,意图是这种测量和限定应该采用一定程度的近似,所以0°表示0°+/-10°;90°表示90°+/-10°,平行表示“基本上平行”,并且垂直表示“基本上垂直”。
图2以侧视图示出了与图1相同的结构,其中能够看到层的顺序(101+105+101+103+105+103),并且再次示出了粘合剂膜将具有彼此平行(或者更确切地说基本上平行)的纤维的层分隔,但是没有将具有彼此垂直(基本上垂直)的纤维的层分隔。
根据本发明的优选实施例的防弹层由防弹纱线制成,该防弹纱线在上述方向上单向地排列。小板或单丝可以被用作通常由许多丝组成的纱线的替代物。这些纱线(板、单丝)的纱线支数有利地在20和6500d/tex之间,它们的韧度高于10cN每d/tex,模量高于40GPa,并且抗拉伸长率在1%和10%之间;例如,由
Figure BDA0003482584920000081
生产的,具有商品名称为
Figure BDA0003482584920000082
的芳族聚酰胺纱线属于这些类别。
除了芳族聚酰胺纱线之外,还可以使用超高分子量P.E.纱线,例如分别由
Figure BDA0003482584920000083
生产的,具有商品名称为
Figure BDA0003482584920000084
Figure BDA0003482584920000085
的纱线,其也可以是已知商品名称为
Figure BDA0003482584920000086
Figure BDA0003482584920000087
的板的形式。最近已经推出了由
Figure BDA0003482584920000088
生产的以
Figure BDA0003482584920000089
Artec的名称的共聚芳族聚酰胺纱线。这些纱线的特征是动态抗拉强度是静态强度的至少两倍,因此允许高防弹性能。
优选地,根据本发明构成防弹结构的防弹纱线的层被预浸渍有热塑性树脂和热固性树脂,包括它们的混合物;这些树脂的机械性质可以是弹性的、塑性的、粘弹性的等。其中,丙烯酸树脂、聚乙烯、聚丁烯、聚氨酯、基于嵌段共聚物(苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯型)的树脂(也已知商品名称为
Figure BDA00034825849200000810
)特别地有用。应用的量在3%和30%之间。应用树脂的目的是促进单向地沉积和叠加的纱线的各层之间的粘合。此外,树脂使纱线的各种原纤维(fibril)紧密接触,从而形成有利于防弹目的的连续性。如上所述,在每对单向“平行”防弹层(例如图1和图2中的101和101)之间应用附加元件(105),以便稳定结构并保护纱线原纤维免受使用期间由各层的相互摩擦产生的机械作用。元件105也可以是不连续的膜、毡状物、网和非编织织物。
这些层105(例如膜)的组成必须允许层之间的粘合。因此,基于热塑性聚合物和热固性聚合物(包括其混合物)的元件被使用。这些树脂的机械性质可以是弹性的、塑性的、粘弹性的等。例如,聚乙烯、聚氨酯、聚碳酸酯、聚酰胺、聚丙烯、和聚酯膜(也以共聚物的形式)是特别有用的。有利地,这些附加元件的重量应该尽可能低,理想地在3g/m2左右。如此获得的结构经受压力和温度的作用。该压力有利地在2和200巴之间,并且更有利地在20和40巴之间。压制温度是在20℃和200℃之间,并且更有利地在30℃和110℃之间。使用本领域技术人员已知的工艺施加压力/温度的组合,并且该压力/温度的组合两者可以是连续的和不连续。如此获得的层压件经历进一步的加工阶段,包括贯穿层压件的整个结构形成不连续性。
防弹测试表明,对于相同质量的防弹保护物,保护物的单个层的重量越低,获得的性能越好。
因此理想的防弹结构应该具有以下特征:
1.具有高抗拉性能(高韧性、高伸长率、高模量)的纤维,
2.具有限定重量的单个层,
3.合适的树脂浸渍单根单向纤维,
4.放置在相邻层之间的低重量膜,其中纤维彼此平行以限制相邻层的纤维之间的相对运动,这些层具有至少20MPa的韧性和超过500%的断裂伸长率,
例如总重量为100g/m2的防弹织物,包括4个大约22g/m2的单向层,在这些单向层之间放置3g/m2的膜。
如上所述,在使用期间,阻止具有彼此平行的纤维的相邻层中的纤维之间的运动的最佳方式是使用粘合剂膜。
虽然单个层可以被制造得几乎与所期望的一样轻,但是膜的轻重有限制,因为超过这个限制则可能由于生产问题而不能进行。
上述发明可以用于生产任何低重量的单向纤维层,这些纤维层例如通过膜彼此连接;与膜被放置在相对于彼此旋转的层之间的情况相比,连接相对于彼此不旋转的单向层的膜提供了弱的相互作用;与可能的想象的相反,这种“弱”的相互作用效果是积极的。
不旋转的单向纤维层的膜稳定性也可能避免在最终结构的外部表面上进一步施加膜,因为强度由存在于层之间的膜(或其他分隔元件)本身来保证。
上述结构(其理论上与根据已知技术的构造的一般规则相反)反而提供了使高V50和低创伤相结合的性能。
如果制造穿过整个结构的通孔以为单向层压结构提供更大的柔性,则会在防弹纱线的直线路线中产生起伏并且从而产生偏转(或不连续性),如图3所示。已经令人惊喜地证实,通过这些偏转的存在,结构的柔性特性被极大的改善,透气性特性也同样被改善,而在拦阻力和由冲击能量引起的创伤程度两个方面没有损害防弹特性。这些通孔的数量和它们的直径可以被调整以适应每个单独结构的需要(以增加或减少柔性和透气性)。有利地,孔优选地具有基本上圆形的形状(但也可以是其他形状,例如椭圆形);在本发明的优选实施例中,这些孔的直径在0.02毫米和3毫米之间,优选地在0.5毫米和2毫米之间。这种通孔的数量(即它们的密度)优选地是每平方厘米在0.1和10之间,更优选地每平方厘米在0.5和10之间。
在优选实施例中,层压件的各个层被缝合在一起并且正是缝合操作产生了通孔。
可优选的是,缝合线的直径比通孔的直径小20%至90%,该通孔由提供这种类型的缝合的针或针舌所产生。这种缝合线是根据将被制造的层压件的结构和重量来选择的。缝合线支数有利地在20d/tex和300d/tex之间。基于有机聚合物(诸如聚酯、聚酰胺、聚乙烯、聚丙烯)的线或者无机线(诸如玄武岩、碳纤维、玻璃)被使用。缝合物的性质对于层压件的性能不是至关重要的。在某些情况下,当缝合线的直径比所产生的孔/通道的直径小得多时并且尤其是在某些类型的缝合中,线不被锁定并且因此很容易“可移除”,从而停止发挥它的作用。在这种情况下,双组分单丝用于缝合本身,其中外部部分可以比内部部分更容易被熔化,内部部分的熔点更高使得它在压制阶段期间以其温度保持完整。在实施例的优选形式中,针(例如钩针)由非防弹线供给,该非防弹线垂直地穿过层压件的所有层,因此在以针织结或链结适当打结之后提高该层压件的各层之间的凝聚力。
结合线迹(binding stitch)的长度有利地在1和20毫米之间,并且各种缝合线之间在纵向方向上的距离有利地在1和20毫米之间。
本领域技术人员已知的设备和机器(诸如绗缝机或多头缝纫机)可以用于制造接缝,这些设备和机器可以被适当修改。
如上所述,该结构的缝合是可选的并且不一定与上述通孔的存在有关。然而通孔的存在提供了上述增加柔性和透气性的优点,如果没有缝合操作通孔可以通过替代方法获得。用于制造通孔和纤维的直线方向上的相对不连续性的一种替代方法(即没有缝合阶段)包括使层压件经受被放置在旋转圆筒上的一系列冲孔器的作用,该旋转圆筒被适当加载以施加穿刺层压件所需的压力,使得冲孔器穿透层压件的整个厚度。
在本发明的可选实施例中,两种技术,即缝合和冲孔两者(或产生通孔的其他技术)共存也是可能的:在这种情况下,一些孔将在其内具有缝合线,而其他孔将没有。
为了更好地描述本发明的内容,图3示出了在被针、冲孔器或针舌穿刺后被单向地放置的纱线中所产生的起伏。这些不连续性的产生必须不对防弹纤维造成任何损害。因此,产生这种不连续性的冲孔器、钩针或针必须没有锋利边缘或锋利部分,而是必须被适当地倒圆。
层压件的结构包括至少两个子层压件,每个子层压件包括一对预浸纱线的层,各个层具有彼此平行的纤维并且通过保护膜彼此分隔;该至少两个子层压件被叠加,其中每个子层压件中的单向纱线的方向被定向成相对于相邻子层压件成90°+/-10°的角度。
在优选实施例中,单个层压件的层数是4(每个子层压件是2层),但是也可以是更多,例如2的任意倍数(例如8)。
由根据本发明的层压件所制成的防弹保护物可以包括可变数量的上述层压件结构,优选地范围从最小1到最大50。
作为本发明的主题的结构可以通过应用额外的处理被进一步改进,该额外的处理大大提高了结构的柔性;这种改进是在将各层缝合在一起的可选阶段期间所产生的,由沿片段的整个长度的厚度的有序减少而引起的。
这些厚度的减少可以在与片段相同的方向上,或者在与该片段的长度的方向成45°,或者它们的组合。
当厚度的减少是不连续的,通过结合元件e)所插入的孔而中断时,获得最佳性能;这些孔还具有偏转防弹纤维的直线度的有价值的效果,对纤维本身的断裂伸长率具有有利的影响并且增加其防弹属性(关于伸长率的Cunniff公式)。
通道具有在0.1和1毫米之间的宽度和在1和30毫米之间的长度。
厚度的减少是通过使组件经过进一步的压制所获得的,在进一步的压制中,缝合线在织物上制造压痕,留下通道。压制造成厚度的减少,与线e)被穿过的孔交替。使通道/线孔有效地交替。
在单向聚乙烯基纤维层的情况下,为了实现这一点,必须的是:结合元件应当具有比防弹纤维更高的软化温度,并且防弹纤维应当允许自身塑性变形。
还优选的是,在结合元件和厚度减小之间不应该有粘合(否则防弹纤维被锁定),并且在位于两个相邻的、指向同一方向的单向纤维的层之间的膜和结合元件之间应该是粘合的。这确保了结合元件与该结构是有凝聚性的并且在随后切割成背心形状期间不会滑出。

Claims (12)

1.一种用于防弹保护物的防弹层压件,所述层压件包括至少第一单向纺织品子层压件和至少第二单向纺织品子层压件,所述第一纺织品子层压件和所述第二纺织品子层压件中的每一个包括第一纺织品层和第二纺织品层,所述第一纺织品层具有在方向α上排列的第一多个防弹纤维,所述第二纺织品层包括基本上按照所述方向α排列的第二多个防弹纤维,每个子层压件的所述第一纺织品层和所述第二纺织品层被连接层分隔,所述第一子层压件和所述第二子层压件彼此直接接触,并且被布置成使得所述第一子层压件的纤维的方向和所述第二子层压件的纤维的方向形成90°+/-10°的相对角度。
2.根据权利要求1所述的防弹层压件,其中所述纺织品层由树脂基质预浸渍,所述树脂基质包含以下材料中的一种或更多种:丙烯酸树脂、聚乙烯、聚丁烯、聚氨酯、基于嵌段共聚物的树脂。
3.根据前述权利要求中的一项所述的防弹层压件,其中所述连接层包括以下材料中的一种或更多种:呈膜或其他结构的形式,诸如网、毡状物或编织/非编织织物的聚氨酯、聚酯、聚酰胺、聚乙烯、聚丙烯。
4.根据前述权利要求中的一项所述的防弹层压件,其中所述防弹纤维包括以下材料中的一种或更多种:芳族聚酰胺、聚酰胺、高分子量聚乙烯UHMWPE、共聚芳族聚酰胺、聚苯并噁唑、聚苯并噻唑、液晶、玻璃、碳。
5.根据前述权利要求中的一项所述的防弹层压件,所述防弹层压件包括直径在0.02毫米和3毫米之间的多个通孔,所述通孔穿过所述第一子层压件和所述第二子层压件并且具有每平方厘米在0.5和10之间的密度。
6.根据前述权利要求中的一项所述的防弹层压件,其中所述第一子层压件和所述第二子层压件通过压制动作彼此连结。
7.根据权利要求6所述的防弹层压件,其中所述通孔在所述压制动作之后制造。
8.根据权利要求5-7中任一项所述的防弹层压件,其中所述第一子层压件和所述第二子层压件通过缝合连结在一起,并且所述通孔中的至少一部分在所述缝合期间形成。
9.根据权利要求8所述的防弹层压件,其中接缝通过针制成,所述针具有的直径比用于缝合的纱线的直径大至少20%。
10.一种防弹保护物,其包括至少一个根据权利要求1-9中的一项所述的防弹层压件。
11.一种制造根据前述权利要求中的一项所述的防弹层压件的制造方法,包括以下步骤:
-将至少第一单向纺织品层、连接元件和至少第二单向纺织品层彼此接触地布置,使得所述连接元件被插入在所述纺织品层之间并且保持所述纺织品层连结在一起,所述第一纺织品层和所述第二纺织品层包括以基本上相同方向(+/-10°)排列的多个防弹纤维;
-通过压力将所述至少第一纺织品层、所述连接元件和所述至少第二纺织品层彼此连结,获得纺织品子层压件;
-将第一纺织品子层压件和第二纺织品子层压件彼此接触地布置,使得所述第一纺织品子层压件的纤维的方向和所述第二纺织品子层压件的纤维的方向具有90°+/-10°的相对角度;
-通过在1和200巴之间的压力将所述至少第一子层压件和所述至少第二子层压件连结在一起。
12.一种混合防弹包装物,包括:根据权利要求1至9中的一项所述的至少一个防弹层压件,所述至少一个防弹层压件基于具有高于30cN/dtex的韧性(韧度)、高于120Gpa的模量和高于2%的伸长率的聚乙烯UHMW纤维;和至少一层基于芳族聚酰胺共聚物的织物,其具有大于26cN/dtex的纤维韧性(韧度),大于100Gpa的模量,和大于2%的伸长率,从而使得:
-通过55grs fsp所吸收的比能高于35j/kg/m2
-根据NIJ0.101.06标准,对于重量小于4.6kg/m2的包装物,用.44Magnum Speer HP子弹的V50与根据NIJ0.101.06标准所记录的最大创伤之间的比率高于或等于11(m/s)/mm。
CN202080053006.9A 2019-05-28 2020-05-27 包括由连接层分隔且其中的纤维彼此平行的至少两对单向层的防弹层压件 Pending CN114206603A (zh)

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