CN114202465A - Image rotation method, image rotation system, and storage medium - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of image processing of an airborne cockpit display, in particular to an image rotation method, an image rotation system and a storage medium. The image rotation method is executed through an FPGA and comprises the following steps: after the image is rotated, converting any pixel point of the image into a rotating coordinate value of a rotating coordinate system, and converting the rotating coordinate value into a floating point type coordinate value in an original coordinate system; obtaining four integer coordinate values adjacent to the floating point coordinate value; obtaining an associated original RGB value through address values corresponding to the four integer coordinate values; and converting the four original RGB values into pixel point RGB values corresponding to the rotation coordinate values. Compared with the scheme of adopting the DSP in the prior art, the method at least saves the process of converting the format of the image and the image storage process after the image is processed; therefore, the image rotation method provided by the present embodiment has higher image processing efficiency than the image processing efficiency of the prior art solution using a DSP processor.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of image processing of an airborne cockpit display, in particular to an image rotation method, an image rotation system and a storage medium.
Background
In the development of an airborne cabin display, the method has wider use requirements on the rotation function of any angle of a basic primitive; the basic graphic elements are pointers in the picture of the instrument indicator, scale marks in the picture of the celestial sphere, various special symbols for representing flight postures, Chinese and western characters and the like.
Due to the fact that the coordinate positions of the pixel points of the image before and after rotation have a nonlinear change relationship, corresponding coordinate changes cannot be achieved through simple frame address reading and writing control. Therefore, for the application scenarios with arbitrary angle rotation of the basic primitive, the solution is currently achieved through software. For example: the scheme of rotating the basic graphic elements is realized by adopting a DSP (Digital Signal Processor) and utilizing a software calculation mode; or the whole system adopts SoC (System on chip) and GPU (graphics processing unit) schemes to realize the generation of high-performance rotation graphics. The mode that a DSP processor is matched with software is adopted, the working efficiency is extremely low, and a large amount of calculation overhead is required to be added to the software; by adopting the SoC or GPU mode, the cost and the power consumption of a hardware platform are greatly increased, and the system starting time is also increased.
Therefore, how to balance the efficiency of processing the basic primitive and the cost of processing the basic primitive in the prior art becomes a technical problem to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problem to be solved in the prior art, how to balance the efficiency of basic primitive processing and the cost of basic primitive processing, the invention provides an image rotation method, an image rotation system and a storage medium.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
according to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided an image rotation method, performed by an FPGA, comprising the steps of:
before the image is rotated, the original RGB value of any pixel point of the image is associated with an address value corresponding to one integer coordinate value of an original coordinate system;
after the image is rotated, converting any pixel point of the image into a rotating coordinate value of a rotating coordinate system, and converting the rotating coordinate value into a floating point type coordinate value in an original coordinate system;
obtaining four integer coordinate values adjacent to the floating point coordinate value;
obtaining an associated original RGB value through address values corresponding to the four integer coordinate values;
and converting the four original RGB values into pixel point RGB values corresponding to the rotation coordinate values.
Further, in the step, 'after the image is rotated, converting any pixel point of the image into a rotational coordinate value of the rotational coordinate system, and converting the pixel point into a floating point coordinate value of the original coordinate system' specifically includes:
obtaining a rotation coordinate value of any pixel point;
obtaining a circle center coordinate value of the rotating coordinate system;
obtaining the rotated angle of the pixel point by adopting a mode of looking up the sine and cosine values of the table;
and operating the rotation coordinate value, the circle center coordinate value and the angle through a first preset formula to obtain a floating point type coordinate value of the pixel point in the original coordinate system.
Further, the first preset formula specifically includes:
wherein alpha is an angle, RxAnd RyX-axis coordinate value and Y-axis coordinate value, C, respectively, of the rotational coordinate valuesxAnd CyX-and Y-axis coordinate values, S, respectively, of a circle center coordinate valueXAnd SyRespectively, are floating point coordinate values.
Further, the step of obtaining four integer coordinate values adjacent to the floating point coordinate value specifically includes:
and acquiring a first integer coordinate value to a fourth integer coordinate value at least by rounding the floating point coordinate value, wherein the first integer coordinate value to the fourth integer coordinate value form two rows and two columns in the anticlockwise direction, and the difference value between two adjacent integer coordinate values is an integer 1.
Further, the step 'obtaining the associated original RGB value by the address value corresponding to the four integer coordinate values' specifically includes:
firstly, sending address values associated with four integer coordinate values;
and then receives the original RGB values.
Further, the step of converting the four original RGB values into pixel point RGB values corresponding to the rotational coordinate values specifically includes:
and operating the original RGB value and the floating point coordinate value through a second preset formula to obtain the pixel point RGB value corresponding to the rotation coordinate value.
Further, the second preset formula specifically includes:
wherein S isXAnd SyRespectively, floating point coordinate values, A, B, C, D respectively, the original RGB values, and RP the RGB values of the pixels corresponding to the rotational coordinate values.
According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided an image rotation system for performing the image rotation method as described above, the image rotation system being constructed based on an FPGA, the image rotation system comprising a coordinate parsing module, a coordinate rotation calculation module, a bilinear difference calculation module, and four image frame caching modules;
the image frame caching module is used for associating the original RGB value of any pixel point of the image with an address value corresponding to one integer coordinate value of an original coordinate system before the image is rotated;
the coordinate analysis module is used for acquiring a rotation coordinate value of any pixel point in the rotation coordinate system;
the coordinate rotation calculation module is used for converting any pixel point of the image into a rotation coordinate value located in the rotation coordinate system after the image is rotated into a floating point coordinate value located in the original coordinate system, obtaining four integer coordinate values close to the floating point coordinate value, obtaining an associated original RGB value through address values corresponding to the four integer coordinate values, and converting the four original RGB values into pixel point RGB values corresponding to the rotation coordinate value.
According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a storage medium storing an embedded program which, when run on an FPGA, performs an image rotation method as described above.
The technical scheme has the following advantages or beneficial effects:
compared with the scheme of adopting a DSP (digital signal processor) in the prior art, the image rotation method at least saves the process of format conversion of the image and the image storage process after the image is processed; therefore, the image rotation method provided by the present embodiment has higher image processing efficiency than the image processing efficiency of the prior art solution using a DSP processor.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of an image rotation method according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 2 is an electrical connection diagram of an image rotation system provided in embodiment 1 or embodiment 2 of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a graph of an image rotation method provided in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a coordinate diagram of an image rotation method provided in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Example 1:
in this embodiment, an image rotation method is provided, where the method is executed by an FPGA, where referring to fig. 2, an FPGA (field Programmable Gate array) is used to build a hardware platform, and a plurality of virtual modules are arranged inside the FPGA, including but not limited to: the system comprises a coordinate analysis module 1, a coordinate rotation calculation module 2 and a bilinear difference value calculation module 4; in addition, four storage units (RAM) are arranged in the FPGA, and the four storage units are used as image frame cache blocks 3 for bilinear interpolation calculation; each memory cell is 256 × 16bit, and 256 × 256 resolution image rotation can be realized.
Specifically, referring to fig. 1, the image rotation method includes the steps of:
s1, before the image is rotated, the original RGB value of any pixel point of the image is associated with the address value corresponding to one integer coordinate value of the original coordinate system; before the image is rotated, an original coordinate system is established, so that any pixel point in the image is respectively corresponding to an integer coordinate value of the original coordinate system, and the original RGB value of any pixel point is associated with the corresponding integer coordinate; meanwhile, since the image is stored in the cache, the RGB value, the integer coordinate value, and the corresponding address of any one pixel point are respectively stored in the cache, and thus, the original RGB value, the address value stored in the cache, and the integer coordinate value of any one pixel point correspond to each other.
S2, after the image is rotated, converting any pixel point of the image into a rotating coordinate value in the rotating coordinate system, and converting the rotating coordinate value into a floating point type coordinate value in the original coordinate system; the rotated image and the image before rotation should rotate around the same origin, so that after the image is rotated, a rotating coordinate system should be established, and the origin of the rotating coordinate system is coincident with the origin of the original coordinate system;
referring to fig. 3, since the original coordinate system is a two-dimensional planar coordinate system, and the rotating coordinate system is also a two-dimensional planar coordinate system, the coordinate value of any pixel point on the rotating coordinate system can be converted into one of the coordinate values of the original coordinate system before the pixel point rotates, and only the specific value of the coordinate value of the pixel point in the original coordinate system is not known at present;
converting the coordinate value of the pixel point positioned in the rotating coordinate system into the coordinate value of the original coordinate system before the pixel point is rotated in a conversion mode, wherein the coordinate value can be calculated and obtained through a mathematical formula; in addition, since the coordinate value of any one pixel point on the rotating coordinate system is an integer coordinate value, after the coordinate value of the pixel point is converted to the coordinate value of the original coordinate system, the coordinate value of the pixel point in the original coordinate system is not necessarily an integer coordinate value, but is a floating-point coordinate value.
Specifically, the step of converting any pixel point of the image into a floating point type coordinate value in the original coordinate system after the image is rotated in the rotating coordinate value in the rotating coordinate system is as follows:
obtaining a rotation coordinate value of any pixel point; the coordinate analysis module 1 is used for obtaining an integer coordinate value of any pixel point in the rotating coordinate system;
obtaining a circle center coordinate value of the rotating coordinate system; the coordinate analysis module 1 is used for obtaining a circle center coordinate value of the rotating coordinate system;
obtaining the rotated angle of the pixel point by adopting a mode of looking up the sine and cosine values of the table;
and operating the rotation coordinate value, the circle center coordinate value and the angle through a first preset formula to obtain a floating point type coordinate value of the pixel point in the original coordinate system.
The coordinate rotation calculation module 2 is at least used for obtaining the rotation angle of the image in a table look-up mode, wherein the rotation angle of the image is the angle by which the pixel points in the content are rotated; the coordinate analysis module 1 sends the obtained integer coordinate values of the pixel points to the coordinate rotation calculation module 2, and the integer coordinate values and the rotation angles are budgeted through the coordinate rotation calculation module 2 by a first preset formula, so that the calculated floating point coordinate values located in the original coordinate system are obtained.
The first preset formula is specifically as follows:
wherein alpha is an angle, RxAnd RyX-axis coordinate value and Y-axis coordinate value, C, respectively, of the rotational coordinate valuesxAnd CyX-and Y-axis coordinate values, S, respectively, of a circle center coordinate valuexAnd SyRespectively, are floating point coordinate values.
Referring to FIG. 3, in FIG. 3, RP(Rx, Ry) is a coordinate value of one pixel point in the rotating coordinate system, SP(Sx, Sy) is the coordinate value of the original coordinate system; when the image is rotated by an angle alpha, the coordinate value S of the pixel point in the original coordinate systemP(Sx, Sy) is converted into coordinate value R of pixel point of rotating coordinate system after the rotating angle is alphaP(Rx, Ry); on the contrary, after the image is rotated by the angle alpha, the coordinate value R of the pixel point positioned in the rotating coordinate systemP(Rx, Ry) is reversely rotated, and after the reversely rotated angle is alpha, the coordinate value is converted into the coordinate value S of the pixel point of the original coordinate systemP(Sx,Sy)。
Referring to FIG. 3, the coordinate values S of the pixels in the original coordinate systemP(Sx, Sy) as the basis, and after the rotation angle is alpha, the coordinate value of the pixel point in the rotating coordinate system is RP(Rx, Ry); that is, the RGB value of the same pixel in the original coordinate system should be theoretically the same as the RGB value of the pixel in the rotating coordinate system; thereby being located at the coordinate value SP(Sx, Sy) pixel point equivalent to the coordinate value RP(Rx, Ry). At the coordinate value SPUnder the condition that the RGB value of the pixel point of (Sx, Sy) is known, the coordinate value R can be obtained by obtaining the rotation angle alpha and the corresponding first preset formulaP(Rx, Ry) pixel RGB values.
It should be understood that, when the FPGA is used for calculation, the FPGA cannot calculate floating point numbers, so that the floating point type coordinate values (from R) are obtained in the previous stepP(Rx, Ry) to obtain SP(Sx, Sy), calculating the obtained SP(Sx, Sy) are floating point coordinate values), how to process the floating point coordinate values becomes a key step of the image rotation method provided by this embodiment.
S3, obtaining four integer coordinate values close to the floating point coordinate value; the integer of the floating-point coordinate value is specifically realized by adopting the following mode:
the step of obtaining four integer coordinate values adjacent to the floating point coordinate value is specifically as follows:
and acquiring a first integer coordinate value to a fourth integer coordinate value at least by rounding the floating point coordinate value, wherein the first integer coordinate value to the fourth integer coordinate value form two rows and two columns in the anticlockwise direction, and the difference value between two adjacent integer coordinate values is an integer 1.
Wherein, the coordinate rotation calculation module 2 obtains the floating point coordinate value S through calculationP(Sx, Sy) is sent to a bilinear difference value calculation module 4; the bilinear difference value calculation module 4 calculates SP(Sx, Sy) four integer coordinate values are obtained according to the steps.
For example, the following steps are carried out: referring to FIG. 4, the floating point coordinate value SPThe actual position of (Sx, Sy) is shown in FIG. 4, then, for the floating point type coordinate value SPThe first integer coordinate value after (Sx, Sy) is A ([ Sx)],[Sy]) Wherein,]' represents rounding; in the counterclockwise direction, the second integer coordinate value is B ([ Sx ]]+1,[Sy]) (ii) a In the counterclockwise direction, the third integer coordinate value is C ([ Sx ]]+1,[Sy]+ 1); in the counterclockwise direction, the fourth integer coordinate value is obtained as D ([ Sx ]],[Sy]+1)。
S4, obtaining the associated original RGB value through the address value corresponding to the four integer coordinate values; wherein, the above mentioned contents already mentioned, in the original coordinate system, the original RGB value of any pixel point, the address value stored in the cache and the integer coordinate value of the original coordinate system correspond to each other; therefore, the FPGA can search the RGB values of the corresponding four pixel points through the address values corresponding to the four integer coordinate values.
Specifically, the step of obtaining the associated original RGB value by the address value corresponding to the four integer coordinate values specifically includes:
firstly, sending address values associated with four integer coordinate values;
and then receives the original RGB values.
After the bilinear difference value calculation module 4 of the FPGA obtains the four integer coordinate values, the FPGA reads the corresponding address values in the cache through the address values associated with the four integer coordinate values, and after the address values correspond, the bilinear difference value calculation module 4 of the FPGA obtains the original RGB values corresponding to the address values; a bilinear difference value calculation module 4 of the FPGA reads a corresponding address in the cache, namely, sends an address value associated with four integer coordinate values; the bilinear difference calculation module 4 of the FPGA obtains the original RGB values, i.e., receives the original RGB values.
And S5, converting the four original RGB values into pixel point RGB values corresponding to the rotation coordinate values. After the FPGA acquires the four RGB values corresponding to the four integer coordinate values, the FPGA cannot directly acquire the pixel point R located in the rotating coordinate systemPThe RGB values of (Rx, Ry) are because the four integer coordinate values are coordinate values of the original coordinate system, and after the rotation angle is α, any one integer coordinate value does not correspond to the pixel point R in the rotating coordinate systemPInteger coordinate values of (Rx, Ry); therefore, after the FPGA acquires the four RGB values corresponding to the four integer coordinate values, it needs to convert again to acquire the pixel point R located in the rotating coordinate systemPRGB values of (Rx, Ry).
Specifically, the step of converting the four original RGB values into pixel point RGB values corresponding to the rotational coordinate values includes:
and operating the original RGB value and the floating point coordinate value through a second preset formula to obtain the pixel point RGB value corresponding to the rotation coordinate value.
The FPGA sends the four acquired original RGB values to the bilinear difference calculation module 4, and the bilinear difference calculation module 4 executes the above steps to obtain the pixel RGB values corresponding to the rotational coordinate values.
The second preset formula is specifically as follows:
wherein S isxAnd SyRespectively, floating point coordinate values, A, B, C, D respectively, original RGB values, and RP and rotationAnd (4) pixel point RGB values corresponding to the coordinate values.
Wherein, A corresponds to the RGB value of the first integer coordinate value A ([ Sx ], [ Sy ]); b corresponds to the RGB value with the second integer coordinate value B ([ Sx ] +1, [ Sy ]); c corresponds to the RGB value with the third integer coordinate value of C ([ Sx ] +1, [ Sy ] + 1); d corresponds to the RGB value where the fourth integer coordinate value is D ([ Sx ], [ Sy ] + 1).
In the prior art, if a Digital Signal Processor (DSP) is used and a scheme of rotating a basic primitive is implemented in a software calculation manner to implement image rotation, the DSP needs to convert an image format after receiving the image and store the image with the converted format; after that, the DSP processor performs image preprocessing, image rotation calculation, and the like on the stored image, and then stores the processed image to the storage module here.
Compared with the scheme of adopting a DSP (digital signal processor) in the prior art, the image rotation method provided by the embodiment at least saves the process of format conversion of the image and the image storage process after the image is processed; therefore, the image rotation method provided by the present embodiment has higher image processing efficiency than the image processing efficiency of the prior art solution using a DSP processor.
In the prior art, if a SoC or GPU mode is adopted, the cost and power consumption of a hardware platform will be greatly increased, and the system start time will also be increased.
The cost of the FPGA, the SoC or the GPU is higher, and one-sided comments cannot be made;
the cost of one GPU is less than the sum of the costs of multiple FPGAs with equal computing power, whereas the cost of one FPGA is often less than the cost of the GPU, which is common knowledge known to those skilled in the art.
The SoC is complex, theoretically, the SoC can integrate functional circuits such as a CPU, a GPU and a memory, so that the SoC has a high integration level; however, the manufacturing cost and the development cost of the SoC are determined to be respectively higher just because the integration level is higher. If the computational function of the SoC-integrated GPU is consistent with that of the FPGA in this embodiment, and it is assumed that the cost of the SoC-integrated GPU is consistent with that of the FPGA in this embodiment, then the cost of the SoC-integrated CPU and the memory will become a significant sign that the SoC cost is greater than that of the FPGA; in other words, the cost of SoC is higher than that of FPGA due to too many functional circuits integrated on SoC.
Therefore, the image rotation method provided in this embodiment, on the basis of implementing the image rotation function, has a lower cost for the image processing platform of the FPGA compared to the image processing platform of the SoC or the GPU, thereby solving the technical problem of how to balance the efficiency of processing the basic primitive and the cost of processing the basic primitive in the prior art.
Example 2:
in this embodiment, referring to fig. 2, an image rotation system is provided, configured to execute the image rotation method in embodiment 1, and is characterized in that the image rotation system is constructed based on an FPGA, and includes a coordinate analysis module 1, a coordinate rotation calculation module 2, a bilinear difference calculation module 4, and four image frame caching modules 3;
the image frame caching module 3 is used for associating the original RGB value of any pixel point of the image with an address value corresponding to one integer coordinate value of an original coordinate system before the image is rotated;
the coordinate analysis module 1 is used for acquiring a rotation coordinate value of any pixel point in the rotation coordinate system;
and the coordinate rotation calculation module 2 is configured to, after the image is rotated, convert any one pixel point of the image into a rotation coordinate value in the rotation coordinate system, to obtain a floating point coordinate value in the original coordinate system, obtain four integer coordinate values close to the floating point coordinate value, obtain an associated original RGB value through address values corresponding to the four integer coordinate values, and convert the four original RGB values into pixel point RGB values corresponding to the rotation coordinate value.
Example 3:
a storage medium, characterized in that the storage medium stores an embedded program, and the embedded program executes the image rotation method as in the foregoing embodiment 1 when running on an FPGA.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent structural changes made by using the contents of the present specification and the drawings, or any other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. An image rotation method, which is executed by an FPGA, is characterized by comprising the following steps:
before the image is rotated, the original RGB value of any pixel point of the image is associated with an address value corresponding to one integer coordinate value of an original coordinate system;
after the image is rotated, converting any pixel point of the image into a rotating coordinate value of a rotating coordinate system, and converting the rotating coordinate value into a floating point type coordinate value in an original coordinate system;
obtaining four integer coordinate values adjacent to the floating point coordinate value;
obtaining an associated original RGB value through address values corresponding to the four integer coordinate values;
and converting the four original RGB values into pixel point RGB values corresponding to the rotation coordinate values.
2. The image rotation method according to claim 1, wherein the step of converting any pixel point of the image into a rotation coordinate value in the rotation coordinate system after the image rotation into a floating point coordinate value in the original coordinate system' specifically comprises:
obtaining a rotation coordinate value of any pixel point;
obtaining a circle center coordinate value of the rotating coordinate system;
obtaining the rotated angle of the pixel point by adopting a mode of looking up the sine and cosine values of the table;
and operating the rotation coordinate value, the circle center coordinate value and the angle through a first preset formula to obtain a floating point type coordinate value of the pixel point in the original coordinate system.
3. The image rotation method according to claim 2, wherein the first preset formula is specifically:
4. The image rotation method according to claim 1, wherein the step of obtaining four integer coordinate values adjacent to the floating-point coordinate value is specifically:
and acquiring a first integer coordinate value to a fourth integer coordinate value at least by rounding the floating point coordinate value, wherein the first integer coordinate value to the fourth integer coordinate value form two rows and two columns in the anticlockwise direction, and the difference value between two adjacent integer coordinate values is an integer 1.
5. The image rotation method according to claim 1, wherein the step of obtaining the associated original RGB values by the address values corresponding to the four integer coordinate values specifically comprises:
firstly, sending address values associated with four integer coordinate values;
and then receives the original RGB values.
6. The image rotation method according to claim 1, wherein the step of converting the four original RGB values into the RGB values of the pixel points corresponding to the rotation coordinate values comprises:
and operating the original RGB value and the floating point coordinate value through a second preset formula to obtain the pixel point RGB value corresponding to the rotation coordinate value.
7. The image rotation method according to claim 6, wherein the second preset formula is specifically:
8. The image rotation system, configured to perform the image rotation method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the image rotation system is constructed based on an FPGA, and includes a coordinate parsing module, a coordinate rotation calculation module, a bilinear difference calculation module, and four image frame caching modules;
the image frame caching module is used for associating the original RGB value of any pixel point of the image with an address value corresponding to one integer coordinate value of an original coordinate system before the image is rotated;
the coordinate analysis module is used for acquiring a rotation coordinate value of any pixel point in the rotation coordinate system;
the coordinate rotation calculation module is used for converting any pixel point of the image into a rotation coordinate value located in the rotation coordinate system after the image is rotated into a floating point coordinate value located in the original coordinate system, obtaining four integer coordinate values close to the floating point coordinate value, obtaining an associated original RGB value through address values corresponding to the four integer coordinate values, and converting the four original RGB values into pixel point RGB values corresponding to the rotation coordinate value.
9. Storage medium, characterized in that it stores an embedded program that, when run on an FPGA, performs the image rotation method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
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