CN114199702B - Fuze safety test method for simulating vertical free fall by hammering - Google Patents
Fuze safety test method for simulating vertical free fall by hammering Download PDFInfo
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- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/30—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying a single impulsive force, e.g. by falling weight
- G01N3/303—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying a single impulsive force, e.g. by falling weight generated only by free-falling weight
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fuze safety test method for simulating vertical free fall by hammering, which comprises checking records before a fuze test, adjusting a hammering tester, installing the fuze test, presetting the hammer handle of the hammering tester, hammering test, disassembling the fuze test and checking records after the fuze test. The method can solve the problems that the existing free falling type drop test method is difficult to meet the extreme conditions of complete or nearly vertical free falling due to few samples and unreliable methods when fuze products are developed and identified, and the product design and the product with the drop safety hidden danger are misjudged as qualified because the product is not found. According to the invention, the free drop test of a hard target is replaced by the hammering test of the standard hammering tester, the test design ensures that the bottom surface of the hammer is smooth and is close to be parallel to the hammering surface of the hammering block during collision, and the consistency and reproducibility of test results and the accuracy of test conclusions can be ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fuzes, and particularly relates to a fuze safety test method for simulating vertical free fall by hammering.
Background
Fuse squat safety mechanisms are commonly used. The fuze alone or together with the inertial impact generated by accidental falling of the matched projectile and the full projectile has great influence on the fuze recoil safety mechanism. The standard test method for simulating accidental drop of fuze or fuze along with the matched projectile and full projectile is free falling type drop. Because the fuze, the projectile and the full projectile mass center of the free falling fall deviate from the axis normally, the appearance of the fuze, the projectile and the full projectile mass center of the free falling fall are not completely symmetrical, and the initial attitude of the free falling is difficult to accurately control, the attitude of the fuze, the projectile and the full projectile at the moment of the free falling fall is difficult to control, thereby causing uncertainty of test conditions, and the real realization of vertical falling is less.
The impact characteristics of the downward falling of the bottom of a bare state projectile based on finite elements (Ni Qingle, wang Yushi, wen Quan and the like) are described in the section 6 of the detection and control journal of 2016, a certain 35 mm caliber grenade, a 100 mm caliber explosive-killing projectile and a 130 mm caliber explosive-killing projectile are taken as simulation objects, the impact condition of a projectile fuse when the projectile falls on a 100 mm thick steel plate at a small angle is numerically simulated, the falling inclination angles are respectively taken as 0.1 degree, 0.2 degree, 0.4 degree, 0.8 degree, 1 degree, 2 degree, 3 degree and 5 degree, the result shows that the impact peak value generated by the vertical falling of the projectile is the largest, the impact peak value is reduced rapidly (the three projectiles are respectively reduced by 51 percent, 75 percent and 70 percent), and the impact characteristics of the impact conditions of the projectile fuse, the projectile and the whole projectile on the falling of hard targets (such as a steel plate, an iron plate, a concrete ground and the like) are greatly influenced by the falling posture of the projectile. When the vertical free fall is completed, the fuse or the projectile or the bottom surface of the cartridge is in surface-to-surface contact with the surface of the hard target, and the collision force and the impact force generated by the collision force are large. In contrast, if the contact portion is inclined (or skewed), the contact portion theoretically becomes a point, and this point is deformed during the collision, so that the collision impact is drastically reduced. The greater the tilt (skew) angle, the more severe the impact attenuation. Thus, the existing free-fall drop test method may lead to the following results: in development and identification tests, the sample size is very small, and only tens of samples are difficult to meet extreme situations of complete or nearly vertical free fall, so that products with potential fall safety hazards (such as insufficient design safety margin of a squat safety mechanism) can be misjudged as being qualified because the products are not found. However, in the use process of the equipment after service, due to the huge sample size, once the posture of a certain accidental drop is close to the complete vertical, the product can be accidentally relieved, and potential safety hazards or disasters can be formed. The explosion of the muzzle of a certain grenade fuze is mainly caused by the fact that the drop safety test during the product development process fails to meet the extreme condition of vertical free drop, so that the test examination result and conclusion are distorted.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a fuze safety test method for simulating vertical free fall by hammering, which aims to solve the problem that products with drop safety hidden danger can be misjudged as qualified because of undiscovered products because of few samples and unreliable methods and difficult extreme situations of complete or nearly vertical free fall when the traditional free fall type drop test method is developed and identified.
The technical solution for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows: a fuze safety test method for simulating vertical free fall by hammering comprises the following steps:
and step 1, before the test, checking and recording the state of the tested fuze according to the requirements of GJB 573B-2020 fuze and fuze part environment and performance test method.
Step 2, adjusting a hammering tester:
And judging whether the standard hammering test machine can simulate the overload of the drop impact according to the drop impact condition to be simulated. If the simulation can be realized, adopting a standard hammering tester to test; if the impact overload peak value and the impact duration (pulse width) can not be adjusted by adding buffer materials with different materials and thicknesses on the standard impact anvil, changing the material and the heat treatment state of the impact anvil (5) or changing the material and the heat treatment state of the hammer (4) (according to the ranking of the difficulty), so that the equivalent of drop impact overload is realized to a certain extent.
Step 3, installing the tested fuse on the hammer, and ensuring that the axis of the tested fuse is perpendicular to the bottom surface of the hammer:
if the interface of the tested fuze (1) and the hammer (4) is not matched, the tested fuze is arranged on the hammer of the standard hammering testing machine through an auxiliary tool according to the required hammering direction. The auxiliary tool is mainly used for assisting in fixing the tested fuse to the hammer, such as for connecting threads between the external thread of the tested fuse and the internal thread of the hammer.
If the interface of the tested fuse (1) and the hammer (4) is adapted, the tested fuse can be directly arranged on the hammer of the standard hammering testing machine.
Step 4, presetting the hammer handle position of the hammering test machine:
The position of the hammer handle of the hammering testing machine is changed to preset the number of teeth (angle) to adjust the size of the impact peak value, so that the equivalent of the drop impact overload peak value is realized.
If the material and the heat treatment state of the hammer, the material and the heat treatment state of the hammer block and the buffer material added on the standard hammer block are not changed, the impact peak value range corresponding to the preset tooth number of the hammer handle position is recorded in fuze design manual (1 st edition of 7 month in 1978).
If the material and heat treatment state of the hammer and the material and heat treatment state of the hammering block are changed or buffer materials with different materials and thicknesses are added on the standard hammering block, determining the range of the impact peak value corresponding to the preset number of teeth at the position of the hammer handle according to simulation and test.
And 5, releasing the hammer handle and performing a hammering test.
And 6, after the hammering test is finished, observing the state of the tested fuze, and disassembling and recovering the tested fuze by adopting a proper method.
And 7, checking and recording the current state of the tested fuse according to the requirements of GJB 573B-2020 'fuse and fuse part environment and performance test method', and determining whether the drop security of the tested fuse is qualified through decomposition, checking and other proper tests and engineering judgment according to the current state of the tested fuse.
The drop height of the standard drop test is generally specified to be 1.5m, the maximum impact overload can reach 10000 g-30000 g when the standard drop test is dropped to a steel plate, and the maximum impact overload can reach 32000 g g when the standard drop test is used for simulating emission. Both the hammer test and the drop test are essentially impact and are mainly hard. It is thus possible to equivalently simulate a fuze or fuze-equipped projectile fully vertical or near vertical free fall test with a hammer test machine hammer test.
The test method is characterized in that on the basis of ensuring that the axis of the mounted tested product is perpendicular to the bottom surface of the hammer, the bottom surface of the hammer can be enabled to be close to parallel to the hammering surface of the hammering block in the moment of impacting the hammering block through micro-rotation fine adjustment of the hammer handle around the axis of the hammer handle and orientation fine adjustment of the hammer on the hammer handle, so that the axis of the tested product is enabled to be close to be perpendicular to the hammering surface of the hammering block in the impact period, and the consistency and reproducibility of impact results of the hammer are ensured.
The driving hammer process of the standard hammering testing machine is limited by the principle that the hammer handle rotates to endow speed, the bottom surface of the hammer head is close to one side of the rotating shaft, and is easy to wear, so that the bottom surface of the driving hammer forms a circular arc shape, and the impact direction is changed. And whether the bottom surface of the hammer coincides with or is close to the anvil surface or not can be ensured by checking and timely adjusting the collision contact position before the hammering test.
According to the test method, the impact peak value is adjusted by changing the preset angle (corresponding to the number of teeth on the ratchet wheel) of the hammer handle of the hammering test machine during the test, so that the equivalent of the drop impact overload peak value is realized. The larger the preset angle of the hammer handle position of the hammering testing machine, the larger the angle of the hammer handle rotating during hammering test, the larger the speed of the hammer when colliding with the hammering block, and thus the larger the obtained impact overload. The hammer handle preset position and impact overload of standard hammer test machines are traditionally calibrated with the release ratchet preset tooth count associated with the hammer handle. And (3) fuze design manual (national defense industry press, 7 month, 1 st edition 1978) giving that the impact overload of a standard hammering tester is 31560 g~33740 g,10 teeth hammering and 12170 g-12360 g. Since the impact overload of the hammer test is affected by a relatively large number of factors, it is necessary to calibrate or test the impact overload peak value in real time by fixing an acceleration sensor to the hammer.
According to the test method, impact duration (pulse width) can be adjusted within a certain range by changing the hammer, the hammering block material and the heat treatment state thereof and adding buffer materials with different materials and thicknesses on the standard hammering block, so that the equivalent of drop impact overload duration can be realized. The impact duration (pulse width) can also be measured by fixing an acceleration sensor on the hammer.
The test method can be mainly based on simulation and assisted by test means, and determines equivalent relations among the fuse falling height, the falling target type and thickness, the preset angle (tooth number) of the position of the hammer handle, the material and heat treatment state of the hammer anvil, the material and thickness of a buffer material on the hammer anvil, the material and structure of the hammer handle and the material and structure of an auxiliary tool when the hammer test is used for simulating vertical free falling.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
The test method can effectively solve the problem that the fuse product with drop safety hidden trouble is misjudged to be qualified because the fuse product is not found out because the sample is less and the method is unreliable and the extreme situation of complete or nearly vertical free drop is difficult to meet when the fuse is developed and identified in the existing free-falling type drop test method, thereby eliminating the safety hidden trouble from the design level and ensuring the consistency, reproducibility and accuracy of test conclusion of the vertical impact result obtained by the test.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a fuze safety test method simulating vertical free fall with hammering according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a typical test apparatus (hammer tester) of the method for testing safety of a fuze simulating vertical free fall by hammering according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific examples described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. In addition, the technical features of the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not collide with each other.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the method for testing safety of a fuze simulating vertical free fall by hammering according to the present invention is performed on a hammering tester, and comprises the following steps:
before the test, the state of the tested fuse 1 is checked and recorded according to the requirements of the method 104 in the GJB 573B-2020 "fuse and fuse part Environment and Performance test method".
Step 2, adjusting a hammering tester:
And judging whether the standard hammering test machine can simulate the overload of the drop impact according to the drop impact condition to be simulated. If the simulation can be realized, adopting a standard hammering tester to test; if the impact overload peak value and the impact duration (pulse width) can not be adjusted by adding buffer materials with different materials and thicknesses on the standard impact anvil, changing the material and the heat treatment state of the impact anvil (5) or changing the material and the heat treatment state of the hammer (4) (according to the ranking of the difficulty), so that the equivalent of drop impact overload is realized to a certain extent.
Step 3, installing the tested fuse 1 on the hammer 4, and ensuring that the axis of the tested fuse 1 is perpendicular to the bottom surface of the hammer 4:
if the interface of the tested fuse (1) and the hammer (4) is not matched, the tested fuse 1 is installed on the hammer 4 of the standard hammering testing machine through the auxiliary tool 2 according to the required hammering direction. The auxiliary tool 2 is mainly used to assist in fixing the fuze 1 to the hammer 4, such as for screwing between the external thread of the fuze 1 and the internal thread of the hammer 4.
If the interface of the tested fuse (1) and the hammer (4) is adapted, the tested fuse 1 can be directly mounted on the hammer 4 of a standard hammer testing machine.
Step 4, presetting the position of a hammer handle 3 of a hammering tester:
The position of the hammer handle 3 of the hammering testing machine is preset with the number of teeth (angle) to adjust the size of the impact peak value during the test, so as to realize the equivalent of the drop impact overload peak value.
If the material and heat treatment state of the hammer, the material and heat treatment state of the anvil and the cushioning material of the standard anvil are not changed, the impact peak value range corresponding to the preset number of teeth at the position of the hammer handle 3 is recorded in fuze design manual (1 st edition of 7 month of 1978).
If the material and heat treatment state of the hammer and the material and heat treatment state of the hammering block are changed or buffer materials with different materials and thicknesses are added on the standard hammering block, the impact peak value range corresponding to the preset tooth number at the position of the hammer handle 3 is determined according to simulation and test.
And 5, releasing the hammer handle 3, and performing a hammering test.
And 6, after the hammering test is finished, observing the state of the tested fuse 1, and disassembling and recycling the tested fuse 1 by adopting a proper method.
And 7, checking and recording the current state of the tested fuse 1 according to the requirements of the method 104 in the GJB 573B-2020 'fuse and fuse part environment and performance test method', and determining whether the drop safety of the tested fuse 1 is qualified or not through decomposition, checking, other proper tests and engineering judgment according to the current state of the tested fuse 1 at the moment.
According to the test method, a standard hammering test machine hammering test is used for replacing a free drop test on hard targets such as steel plates, cast iron plates and concrete floors, a better-controllability tester hammer 4 is used for carrying out impact overload to equivalent fuze or drop impact overload under the extreme condition that a projectile provided with the fuze falls completely or nearly vertically, and the problem that products with drop safety hazards can be misjudged to be qualified because the products are not found due to the fact that samples are few and the method is unreliable and the extreme condition that the complete or nearly vertically falls is difficult to meet in the conventional free falling test method when the fuze is developed and tested is effectively solved.
The test method is characterized in that on the basis of ensuring that the axis of the mounted tested fuse 1 is perpendicular to the bottom surface of the hammer 4, the bottom surface of the hammer 4 can be enabled to be close to parallel to the striking surface of the anvil 5 in the moment of impacting the anvil 5 through micro-rotation fine adjustment of the hammer handle 3 around the axis of the hammer handle and the fine adjustment of the direction of the hammer 4 on the hammer handle 3, so that the axis of the tested fuse 1 is enabled to be close to be perpendicular to the striking surface of the anvil 5 in the impact period, and the consistency and the reproducibility of the impact result of the hammer 4 are ensured.
According to the test method, the impact peak value is adjusted by changing the preset angle (tooth number) of the hammer handle 3 of the hammering tester during the test, so that the equivalent of the drop impact overload peak value is realized. By changing the material of the hammer 4, the hammer anvil 5 and the heat treatment state thereof and by adding buffer materials with different materials and thicknesses on the standard hammer anvil, the impact duration (pulse width) can be regulated within a certain range, and the equivalent of the falling impact overload duration can be realized. The impact overload peak and duration (pulse width) can be measured by fixing an acceleration sensor on the hammer 4. The equivalent relation among the fuze falling height, the falling target type and thickness, the preset angle (tooth number) of the position of the hammer handle 3, the material and heat treatment state of the hammer 4, the material and heat treatment state of the hammer anvil 5, the material and thickness of the buffer material on the hammer anvil 5, the material and structure of the hammer handle 3 and the material and structure of the auxiliary tool 2 can be determined by taking simulation as a main and auxiliary test means when the vertical free falling is simulated by a hammering test.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, the method for testing safety of a fuze simulating vertical free fall by hammering according to the invention comprises the following specific steps:
step 1, before the test, the state of the tested fuse 1 is checked and recorded according to the requirements of the method 104 of the environment and performance test method of the fuse and the fuse part of GJB 573B-2020.
Step 2, adjusting a hammering tester:
And judging whether the standard hammering test machine can simulate the overload of the drop impact according to the drop impact condition to be simulated. If the simulation can be realized, adopting a standard hammering tester to test; if the impact overload peak value and the impact duration (pulse width) can not be adjusted by adding buffer materials with different materials and thicknesses on the standard impact anvil, changing the material and the heat treatment state of the impact anvil (5) or changing the material and the heat treatment state of the hammer (4) (according to the ranking of the difficulty), so that the equivalent of drop impact overload is realized to a certain extent.
Step 3, installing the tested fuse 1 on the hammer 4, and ensuring that the axis of the tested fuse 1 is perpendicular to the bottom surface of the hammer 4:
if the interface of the tested fuse (1) and the hammer (4) is not matched, the tested fuse 1 is installed on the hammer 4 of the standard hammering testing machine through the auxiliary tool 2 according to the required hammering direction. The auxiliary tool 2 is mainly used to assist in fixing the fuze 1 to the hammer 4, such as for screwing between the external thread of the fuze 1 and the internal thread of the hammer 4.
If the interface of the tested fuse (1) and the hammer (4) is adapted, the tested fuse 1 can be directly mounted on the hammer 4 of a standard hammer testing machine.
Step 4, presetting the position of a hammer handle 3 of the hammering testing machine, and clamping a ratchet wheel by using a ratchet:
The position of the hammer handle 3 of the hammering testing machine is preset with the number of teeth (angle) to adjust the size of the impact peak value during the test, so as to realize the equivalent of the drop impact overload peak value.
If the material and heat treatment state of the hammer, the material and heat treatment state of the anvil and the cushioning material of the standard anvil are not changed, the impact peak value range corresponding to the preset number of teeth at the position of the hammer handle 3 is recorded in fuze design manual (1 st edition of 7 month of 1978).
If the material and heat treatment state of the hammer and the material and heat treatment state of the hammering block are changed or buffer materials with different materials and thicknesses are added on the standard hammering block, the impact peak value range corresponding to the preset tooth number at the position of the hammer handle 3 is determined according to simulation and test.
Step5, releasing the hammer handle 3, and performing a hammering test:
The ratchet is pulled out to release the ratchet wheel, and the hammer 4 and the hammer handle 3 rotate under the action of the heavy hammer until the hammer 4 carries the tested fuse 1 thereon to strike the anvil 5, namely, the hammer.
And 6, after the hammering test is finished, observing the state of the tested fuse 1, and disassembling and recycling the tested fuse 1 by adopting a proper method.
And 7, checking and recording the state of the tested fuse 1 according to the requirements of the method 104 of the environment and performance test of the fuse and the fuse parts of the GJB 573B-2020, and determining whether the drop security of the tested fuse 1 is qualified through decomposition, checking and other proper tests and engineering judgment according to the state of the tested fuse 1 at the moment.
According to the test method, a standard hammering test machine hammering test is used for replacing a vertical free falling test on a hard target, a better-controllability tester hammer 4 is used for carrying out impact overload to equivalent fuze or drop impact overload under the extreme condition that a projectile provided with the fuze is completely or nearly vertically free falling, and the problem that the fuze product with drop safety hidden danger is misjudged to be qualified because few samples and unreliable methods are difficult to meet the extreme condition of complete or nearly vertically free falling when the conventional free falling type falling test method is developed and identified can be effectively solved.
It will be readily appreciated by those skilled in the art that the foregoing description is merely a preferred embodiment of the invention, and that no limitations are intended to the scope of the invention, except insofar as modifications, equivalents, improvements or changes may be made within the spirit and principles of the invention.
Claims (3)
1. A fuze safety test method for simulating vertical free fall by hammering is characterized by comprising the following steps:
Step 1, before the test, checking and recording the state of the tested fuse (1) according to the requirements of the GJB 573B-2020 fuse and fuse part environment and performance test method;
Step 2, adjusting a hammering tester, which comprises the following steps:
Judging whether the standard hammering testing machine can realize the simulation of drop impact overload according to drop impact conditions to be simulated; if the simulation can be realized, adopting a standard hammering tester to test; if the impact shock absorber cannot realize the equivalent of drop impact overload to a certain extent by adding buffer materials with different materials and thicknesses on the standard impact anvil, changing the material and heat treatment state of the impact anvil (5) or changing the material and heat treatment state of the hammer (4);
step 3, installing the tested fuse (1) on the hammer (4) to ensure that the axis of the tested fuse (1) is vertical to the bottom surface of the hammer (4);
step 4, presetting the position of a hammer handle (3) of the hammering tester:
The position preset tooth number of the hammer handle (3) of the hammering testing machine is changed to adjust the size of the impact peak value, so that the equivalent of the drop impact overload peak value is realized;
step 5, releasing the hammer handle (3) to perform a hammering test;
Step 6, after the hammering test is finished, observing the state of the tested fuze (1), and disassembling and recycling the tested fuze (1) by adopting a proper method;
Step 7, checking and recording the current state of the tested fuse (1) according to the requirements of GJB 573B-2020 'fuse and fuse part environment and performance test method', and determining whether the drop safety of the tested fuse (1) is qualified or not through decomposition, checking, other proper tests and engineering judgment according to the current state of the tested fuse (1);
The test method is characterized in that on the basis of ensuring that the axis of the mounted tested product is perpendicular to the bottom surface of the hammer, the bottom surface of the hammer can be enabled to be close to parallel to the hammering surface of the hammering block in the moment of impacting the hammering block through micro-rotation fine adjustment of the hammer handle around the axis of the hammer handle and orientation fine adjustment of the hammer on the hammer handle, so that the axis of the tested product is enabled to be close to be perpendicular to the hammering surface of the hammering block in the impact period.
2. The method for testing the safety of the fuze simulating vertical free fall by hammering according to claim 1, wherein the method for installing the fuze (1) tested in the step 3 is specifically as follows:
if the interface of the tested fuse (1) and the hammer (4) is not matched, the tested fuse (1) is arranged on the hammer (4) of the standard hammering testing machine through the auxiliary tool 2 according to the required hammering direction.
3. The method for testing the safety of the fuze simulating vertical free fall by hammering according to claim 1, wherein the method for installing the fuze (1) tested in the step 3 is specifically as follows:
if the tested fuse (1) is matched with the interface of the hammer (4), the tested fuse (1) is directly arranged on the hammer (4) of the standard hammering testing machine.
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等效模拟循环锤击试验方法;尚克志;陈武军;;探测与控制学报;20081215(第06期);全文 * |
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