CN114199139A - Method and equipment for detecting thickness of cable insulating layer - Google Patents
Method and equipment for detecting thickness of cable insulating layer Download PDFInfo
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- CN114199139A CN114199139A CN202111355241.4A CN202111355241A CN114199139A CN 114199139 A CN114199139 A CN 114199139A CN 202111355241 A CN202111355241 A CN 202111355241A CN 114199139 A CN114199139 A CN 114199139A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
- G01B11/06—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness for measuring thickness ; e.g. of sheet material
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T7/00—Image analysis
- G06T7/10—Segmentation; Edge detection
- G06T7/12—Edge-based segmentation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T7/00—Image analysis
- G06T7/10—Segmentation; Edge detection
- G06T7/13—Edge detection
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- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
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- G06T7/00—Image analysis
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- G06T7/62—Analysis of geometric attributes of area, perimeter, diameter or volume
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method and equipment for detecting the thickness of a cable insulating layer. The detection method comprises the steps of obtaining a shot image of a cable section, preprocessing the shot image, extracting a cable area in the shot image, calculating the circle center coordinate and the radius of the cable area, forming a response curve corresponding to each sub-band through polar coordinate-world coordinate conversion and sub-band projection, calculating the T step gradient of the response curve, converting a complex segmentation problem into an edge detection problem, and finally calculating the minimum thickness, the average thickness and the eccentricity of an insulating layer of the cable. The detection method can directly measure the cable section without additional operations of top core and slice cutting, effectively overcomes the defect of complex detection process in the prior art, and realizes rapid detection on site.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of measurement, in particular to a method and equipment for detecting the thickness of a cable insulating layer.
Background
A cable is typically a rope-like cable made up of several wires or groups of wires stranded, which is entirely surrounded by a highly insulating layer (covering) to transmit power or information from one location to another.
At present, the thickness detection of the cable insulation layer needs to use special equipment of a laboratory, firstly, a cable top core to be detected is cut into slices, and then, the slices are measured under the condition of a microscope. The detection method has more complicated steps, needs the operation of professional personnel and is not beneficial to the rapid detection on site.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the invention provides a method and a device for detecting the thickness of a cable insulation layer, aiming at the technical problem that in the prior art, the detection method of the cable insulation layer is inconvenient to detect quickly on site due to complicated steps.
The invention discloses a method for detecting the thickness of a cable insulating layer, which comprises the following steps:
and S1, acquiring a shot image of the cable section.
And S2, calculating the thickness of the insulating layer of the cable according to the shot image. The method for calculating the thickness of the insulating layer of the cable comprises the following steps:
s21, preprocessing the shot image, extracting the cable area of the shot image, and calculating the center coordinates (x) of the cable area under the world coordinate system0，y0) And a radius r.
And S22, converting the cable area from a world coordinate system to a polar coordinate system according to the center coordinates and the radius of the cable area to obtain a rectangular plane image related to the cable area.
Wherein, the rectangle isThe width and height of the planar image are w and h, respectively. In the height direction of the rectangular plane image, each pixel corresponds to an angle theta0＝360/h。
S23, dividing the rectangular plane image to obtain N strips with the height h0The sub-band of (2). Each sub-band corresponds to a radial angle theta0*h0。
S24, drawing a response curve S (n) related to each sub-band according to the projection in the vertical direction of each sub-band, and calculating a T step gradient G (n) corresponding to the response curve S (n).
S25, obtaining a plurality of edge positions P corresponding to each sub-band by carrying out peak detection on the T step gradient G (n)iAnd determining each edge position PiThe attribute of (2).
Wherein the starting height of each sub-band is hi. Each sub-band having a central height hi+h0/2. Edge position PiThe polar coordinate in the polar coordinate system is (P)i，θi)，θi＝(hi+h0/2)*θ0。
S26, setting each edge position PiPolar coordinate (P)i，θi) Conversion to coordinates (x) in world coordinate systemi，yi) And further obtain each edge position PiThe edge segmentation positions corresponding to the insulation layer in the radial direction under the world coordinate system are calculated, and two adjacent edge positions P are calculatediAnd Pi-1Corresponding insulating layer thickness d therebetweeni。
Wherein each edge position PiCoordinates (x) in the world coordinate systemi，yi)＝(x0+ricosθi，y0+risinθi)。riTo each edge position PiRadial distance corresponding to the coordinates of the polar coordinate system, and ri＝r*Pi/w。
S27, according to the adjacent two edge positions PiAnd Pi-1Corresponding insulating layer thickness d therebetweeniCalculating the minimum thickness d of the insulating layer of the cableminAverage thickness of
And an eccentricity e.
In one embodiment, the section of the cable is illuminated with an annular light source and the edge of the section of the cable is highlighted when a photographic image of the section of the cable is taken.
In one embodiment, in step S24, the calculation formula of the T step gradient g (n) is:
G(n)＝S(n+T)-S(n)
wherein S (n) represents a response curve. S (n + T) represents the T step response curve. n represents a serial number. T denotes a step size.
In one embodiment, in step S25, the edge position PiIs characterized by an inner or outer edge. When the edge position PiAt the rising edge of the response curve S (n), the edge position PiIs the inner edge. When the edge position PiAt the falling edge of the response curve S (n), the edge position PiIs the outer edge.
In one embodiment, in step S25, a plurality of edge positions P corresponding to each sub-band are obtainediThen, also for each edge position P separatelyiPerforming feature analysis to determine edge position PiWhether a sample is damaged or not in a detection region corresponding to the sub-band, if so, the corresponding edge position P is subjected to damageiAnd (5) filtering treatment is carried out.
Wherein, for the edge position PiThe characteristic analysis is carried out by detecting the response intensity and the number of effective edges. The basis for judging the existence of the damage of the sample is that the number of the detected effective edges does not accord with the actual number of the edges of the cable, or the edge response strength does not reach the preset strength.
In one embodiment, in step S26, two adjacent edge positions PiAnd Pi-1Corresponding insulating layer thickness d therebetweeniThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein d is0The actual distance corresponding to each pixel.
In one of the embodiments, the minimum thickness d of the insulation layer of the cableminComprises the following steps:
dmin＝(min(d1，d2，…，dN))
average thickness of insulating layer of cable
Comprises the following steps:
the eccentricity e of the insulating layer of the cable is:
the invention also discloses a cable insulation layer thickness detection device, which comprises: camera, check out test set main part, fixture and elevating system.
The camera is used for acquiring a shot image of the cable section.
The detection equipment main body is used for calculating the thickness of the insulating layer of the cable according to the section image.
The clamping mechanism is used for clamping the cable. The lifting mechanism is used for driving the clamping mechanism to vertically lift so as to enable the tangent plane of the cable to be opposite to the telecentric lens of the camera.
Wherein, fixture includes: a clamping plate and a first adjusting component.
The number of the clamping plates is two. A clamping space for clamping and fixing the cable is formed between the two clamping plates, and the center of the clamping space is positioned on the vertical plane where the telecentric lens is positioned.
And the adjusting component is used for adjusting the distance of the clamping space. The first adjusting component comprises a first supporting plate, a first bidirectional screw rod, a first knob and a first guide rod. The first support plate is a concave structure with an opening pointing to the telecentric lens, and the extension direction of the first support plate is parallel to the horizontal plane. Two ends of the bidirectional screw rod are respectively and rotatably arranged on two opposite sides of the inner wall of the supporting plate, and the bidirectional screw rod is respectively in threaded fit connection with the two clamping plates. One end of the bidirectional screw rod penetrates through the supporting plate and is fixedly connected with the first knob. Two ends of the first guide rod are respectively fixed with two opposite sides of the inner wall of the first support plate. The axial direction of the first guide rod is parallel to the bidirectional screw rod, and the first guide rod is connected with the clamping plate in a sliding mode.
The lifting mechanism comprises: a mounting plate and a second adjusting component.
The mounting plate is used for mounting the clamping mechanism. The upper surface of the mounting plate is fixedly connected with the first supporting plate.
The adjusting assembly is used for adjusting the vertical height of the mounting plate. The second adjusting component comprises a second supporting plate, a threaded rod, a lifting block, a second knob and a second guide rod. The second support plate is a concave structure with an opening pointing to the telecentric lens, and the extension direction of the second support plate is vertical to the horizontal plane. Two ends of the threaded rod are respectively rotatably installed on two pairs of two sides of the inner wall of the second support plate, and the top of the threaded rod penetrates through the second support plate and is fixedly connected with the second knob. Two ends of the second guide rod are respectively fixed with two opposite sides of the inner wall of the second support plate. The axial direction of the second guide rod is parallel to the threaded rod. The lifting block is in threaded connection with the threaded rod, and the lifting block is in sliding connection with the second guide rod.
In one embodiment, the detection device main body calculates the thickness of the insulating layer of the cable by using any one of the above-mentioned detection methods for the thickness of the insulating layer of the cable.
In one embodiment, the power insulating layer thickness detecting apparatus further includes: an annular light source and a carrier.
The annular light source is used for irradiating the section of the cable and protruding the edge of the section of the cable. The annular light source and the telecentric lens of the camera are coaxially arranged, and the inner diameter of the annular light source is not less than the outer diameter of the telecentric lens. And
the microscope carrier is used for fixing the camera, the detection device main body, the lifting mechanism and the annular light source. The camera, the detection device main body, the lifting mechanism and the annular light source are all fixedly installed on the upper surface of the carrying platform.
Compared with the prior art, the method and the device for detecting the thickness of the cable insulation layer disclosed by the invention have the following beneficial effects:
1. the detection method comprises the steps of obtaining a shot image of a cable section, preprocessing the shot image, extracting a cable area in the shot image, calculating the circle center coordinate and the radius of the cable area, converting a complex segmentation problem into an edge detection problem through polar coordinate-world coordinate conversion and sub-band projection, and finally calculating to obtain the minimum thickness, the average thickness and the eccentricity of an insulating layer of the cable. The detection method can directly measure the cable section without additional operations of top core and slice cutting, effectively overcomes the defect of complex detection process in the prior art, and realizes rapid detection on site. The detection method can also identify whether the sample damage exists in the detection area or not by performing feature analysis on the detected edge. When damage exists, the corresponding sub-band can be filtered, so that the calculation result of the thickness of the insulating layer is more accurate.
2. This check out test set can carry out the centre gripping through fixture to the cable that awaits measuring fixed to can realize that the cable tangent plane that awaits measuring can be located the center department in centre gripping space just, no matter how the interval size in centre gripping space changes, its center is fixed all the time. Therefore, the requirements that the tangent plane of the clamped cable is opposite to the vertical plane where the axial lead of the camera lens is located are met, the clamped cable to be detected is controlled to lift through adjusting the lifting mechanism, the tangent plane of the cable is opposite to the camera lens, the fact that the tangent plane of the cable is completely shot by the camera can be guaranteed, and shot images obtained by the camera are clearer and more complete.
3. One side that this check out test set's splint are close to the cable can also be equipped with the skid resistant course, and the skid resistant course can preferably be soft rubber, both can increase and the cable between frictional force, can also avoid causing cable tangent plane deformation because of the clamping-force is too big to make the testing result more accurate.
4. When the clamping mechanism of the detection device is used, the two-way screw rod can be driven to rotate through the first rotary knob, the two thread ends of the two-way screw rod are opposite in rotation direction, the two clamping plates are respectively screwed at the two ends of the two-way screw rod, and the clamping plates are limited to rotate by the first guide rod. Therefore, when the bidirectional screw rod rotates, the two clamping plates can be close to or far away from each other along the axial direction of the bidirectional screw rod, so that the space of the clamping space can be adjusted, and a cable to be tested is clamped. Simultaneously, elevating system can drive the threaded rod through two rotatory knobs and take place rotatoryly when using, because the lifting block and threaded rod spiro union to the lifting block is rotated by two restrictions of guide bar again, consequently when the threaded rod is rotatory, the height that the lifting block can change, thereby drives mounting panel and fixture and goes up and down, and then changes the tangent plane height that is located the cable at centre gripping space. Clamping mechanism and elevating system can both realize comparatively accurate fine setting to have stronger stability.
5. This check out test set's annular light source is the ring shape to annular light source's internal diameter is not less than the external diameter of telecentric mirror head, thereby can realize on the basis of the visual angle of the telecentric mirror head that does not shelter from the camera, can also shine the tangent plane of cable and outstanding cable tangent plane's edge, makes the image of acquireing more clear accurate, and then makes the calculated result to the cable insulation layer more accurate. This check out test set's microscope carrier and bracket component can be used for supporting camera, annular light source and elevating system to the structural strength of equipment has been promoted, stability is increased.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for detecting the thickness of an insulation layer of a cable in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a photographed image of a cable in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the cable region from FIG. 2 with the captured image extracted;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a rectangular planar image in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the rectangular planar image of FIG. 4 divided into a plurality of sub-bands;
FIG. 6 is a response curve of the sub-band and the corresponding T step gradient curve chart in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic perspective view of a cable insulation layer thickness detection apparatus according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic perspective view of the cable insulation thickness detecting apparatus in FIG. 7 from another perspective;
FIG. 9 is a partial plan view of a cable insulation thickness detecting apparatus according to embodiment 3 of the present invention;
fig. 10 is a schematic perspective view of a cable insulation layer thickness detection apparatus according to embodiment 3 of the present invention;
fig. 11 is a schematic partial perspective view of a cable insulation layer thickness detection device in embodiment 4 of the present invention;
fig. 12 is a schematic perspective view of the housing and the display screen in fig. 11.
Description of the main elements
1. A camera; 2. detecting an apparatus main body; 21. a display screen; 22. a controller; 23. a power source; 311. a first support plate; 312. a bidirectional screw rod; 313. a first knob; 314. a first guide rod; 32. a splint; 41. mounting a plate; 421. a second support plate; 422. a threaded rod; 423. a lifting block; 424. a second knob; 425. a second guide rod; 5. an annular light source; 6. a stage; 7. a housing; 81. a first bracket; 82. a second bracket; 83. and a third bracket.
The present invention is described in further detail with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "mounted on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When a component is referred to as being "disposed on" another component, it can be directly on the other component or intervening components may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "secured to" another element, it can be directly secured to the other element or intervening elements may also be present.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the term "or/and" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a method for detecting a thickness of an insulating layer of a cable, including steps S1 to S2.
And S1, acquiring a shot image of the cable section.
Referring to fig. 2, the captured image of the cable section can be acquired by the conventional image acquisition equipment. In this embodiment, the captured image in front of the cable may be acquired by an industrial camera of high resolution (not less than 2000 ten thousand pixels). When the shooting image of the cable section is obtained, the annular light source can be used for irradiating the section of the cable and protruding the edge of the section of the cable.
And S2, calculating the thickness of the insulating layer of the cable according to the shot image. The method for calculating the thickness of the insulation layer of the cable includes the steps of S21 to S28.
S21, preprocessing the shot image, extracting the cable area of the shot image, and calculating the center coordinates (x) of the cable area under the world coordinate system0，y0) And a radius r.
Referring to fig. 3, in this embodiment, the operation flow of the image preprocessing may sequentially include: image zooming, graying processing, Gaussian blurring, binarization processing, edge detection, connected domain and Hough transformation circle detection, and finally information fusion.
Image scaling requires a trade-off in processing efficiency and smoothness and sharpness of the result. As the size of an image increases, the visibility of the pixels making up the image becomes higher, causing the image to appear "soft". Conversely, reducing an image will enhance its smoothness and sharpness. The present embodiment can modulate the parameters of the image processing according to the empirical values and the actual requirements.
The graying is to change a color image of data of three channels of RGB (red, green and blue) into a grayscale image of data of a single channel. Since the time overhead is large when the three channels are processed in sequence, the data amount required to be processed needs to be reduced in order to increase the overall processing speed, and the embodiment performs the graying processing on the scaled image.
Gaussian blur can be used to reduce image noise and reduce the level of detail. The binarization processing is to set the gray value of a point on the image to 0 or 255, that is, to make the whole image exhibit a distinct black-and-white effect. The idea of the binarization algorithm is as follows: traversing all pixel points of the image, calculating the gray value of each pixel point, and converging by an iterative method to obtain an optimal threshold, wherein the pixel points with the gray values larger than the optimal threshold are set to be white, and the pixel points with the gray values smaller than the optimal threshold are set to be black. The edge detection mainly uses the first order differential and the second order differential of the image to enhance the image, and basically, the change situation of the gray scale is calculated. The Hough transform is an algorithm for detecting circles, and the basic idea is to transform an image from an original image space to a parameter space, in the parameter space, a certain parameter form satisfied by most boundary points is used as the description of a curve in the image, parameters are accumulated by setting an accumulator, and the point corresponding to the peak value is the required information. Because the pulse Positive (False Positive) is easy to appear in the Hough transformation circle detection, the pulse Positive is required to be removed together with the connected domain detection through information fusion, and the stability of the region detection is improved.
And S22, converting the cable area from a world coordinate system to a polar coordinate system according to the center coordinates and the radius of the cable so as to convert the circular cable area into a rectangular plane image.
Referring to fig. 4, in the present embodiment, the cable image is converted from the world coordinate system to the polar coordinate system based on the circle center and the radius obtained in step S21. The circular cable image is converted into a rectangular planar image, thereby facilitating subsequent segmentation and edge extraction. The coordinate of the center of a circle of the world coordinate system is assumed to be (x)0，y0) The radius of transformation is r, which is generally slightly larger than the radius of the circle where the cable is located, so as to facilitate subsequent segmentation. The width and height of the image converted into the polar coordinate system are w and h, respectively, and then the angle corresponding to each pixel is θ in the height direction0＝360/h。
S23, dividing the rectangular plane image into N pieces with height h according to a certain angle0The sub-band of (2). Each sub-band corresponds to a radial angle theta0*h0。
Referring to fig. 5, in the embodiment, the polar coordinate system image is divided into N height h according to a certain angle (the height of the image corresponds to 0-360 degrees of the original world coordinate system image)0The sub-bands may overlap each other, and each sub-band corresponds to a radial angle θ0*h0. N can be set according to actual conditions, and the larger N is, the more test points are, and the longer the calculation time is.
S24, projecting each sub-band in the vertical direction to form a response curve S (n) corresponding to each sub-band, and calculating the T step gradient G (n) of the response curve.
Please refer to fig. 6, P in fig. 6i 1Represents the inner edge of the conductor shield; pi 2Representing the outer edge of the conductor shield; pi 3Represents the inner edge of the dielectric shield; pi 4Representing the outer edge of the insulating shield. In this embodiment, the calculation formula of the T step gradient of the response curve may be:
G(n)＝S(n+T)-S(n)
wherein S (n) represents a response curve. S (n + T) represents the T step response curve. n represents a serial number. T denotes a step size.
S25, gradient G (n) by step size for T) Carrying out peak value detection and respectively obtaining edge positions P corresponding to each sub-bandiAnd determining each edge position PiThe attribute of (2).
Wherein the starting height of each sub-band is hi. Each sub-band having a central height hi+h0/2. Edge position PiThe coordinate in the polar coordinate system is (P)i，θi)，θi＝(hi+h0/2)*θ0。
In this embodiment, a plurality of edge positions P corresponding to each sub-band are obtainedjThen, also for each edge position P separatelyiPerforming feature analysis to determine edge position PiWhether a sample is damaged or not in a detection region corresponding to the sub-band, if so, the corresponding edge position P is subjected to damageiAnd (5) filtering treatment is carried out.
Wherein, for the edge position PiThe characteristic analysis is carried out by detecting the response intensity and the number of effective edges. The basis for judging the existence of the damage of the sample is that the number of the detected effective edges does not accord with the actual number of the edges of the cable, or the edge response strength does not reach the preset strength.
S26, setting each edge position PiPolar coordinate (P)i，θi) Conversion to coordinates (x) in world coordinate systemi，yi) And further obtain each edge position PiThe edge segmentation positions corresponding to the insulation layer in the radial direction under the world coordinate system are calculated, and two adjacent edge positions P are calculatediAnd Pi-1Corresponding insulating layer thickness d therebetweeni。
Wherein each edge position PiCoordinates (x) in the world coordinate systemi，yi)＝(x0+ricosθi，y0+risinθi)。riTo each edge position PiRadial distance corresponding to the coordinates of the polar coordinate system, and ri＝r*Pi/w。
In this embodiment, two adjacent edge positions PiAnd Pi-1Insulation corresponding to each otherLayer thickness diThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein d is0The actual distance corresponding to each pixel.
S27, according to the adjacent two edge positions PiAnd Pi-1Corresponding insulating layer thickness d therebetweeniCalculating the minimum thickness d of the insulating layer of the cableminAverage thickness of
And an eccentricity e.
In this embodiment, the minimum thickness d of the insulating layer of the cableminComprises the following steps:
dmin＝(min(d1，d2，…，dN))
average thickness of insulating layer of cable
Comprises the following steps:
the eccentricity e of the insulating layer of the cable is:
here, the thickness of the insulating layer calculated at this time is in units of pixels. It is also necessary to combine the correction factors (microns/pixel) to finally calculate the micron-scale thickness of the insulating layer.
In summary, compared with the prior art, the method for detecting the thickness of the cable insulation layer provided by the embodiment has the following advantages:
1. the detection method comprises the steps of obtaining a shot image of a cable section, preprocessing the shot image, extracting a cable area in the shot image, calculating the circle center coordinate and the radius of the cable area, converting a complex segmentation problem into an edge detection problem through polar coordinate-world coordinate conversion and sub-band projection, and finally calculating to obtain the minimum thickness, the average thickness and the eccentricity of an insulating layer of the cable. The detection method can directly measure the cable section without additional operations of top core and slice cutting, effectively overcomes the defect of complex detection process in the prior art, and realizes rapid detection on site.
2. The detection method can also identify whether the sample damage exists in the detection area or not by performing feature analysis on the detected edge. When damage exists, the corresponding sub-band can be filtered, so that the calculation result of the thickness of the insulating layer is more accurate.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 7 to 8, the present embodiment provides a cable insulation thickness detection apparatus, including: camera 1, check out test set main part 2, fixture and elevating system.
The camera 1 is used to acquire a photographed image of a cable section. The camera 1 may employ an industrial camera of high resolution (not less than 2000 ten thousand pixels). The camera 1 can be internally provided with a telecentric lens and can also be connected with an external independent telecentric lens. The telecentric lens can realize the non-visual imaging and can be replaced according to the specification of the cable.
The detection device body 2 is used for calculating the thickness of the insulating layer of the cable according to the section image. In this embodiment, the detection apparatus main body 2 may calculate the thickness of the insulating layer of the cable by using the method for detecting the thickness of the insulating layer of the cable in embodiment 1. Of course other methods for thickness detection may be used.
The clamping mechanism is used for clamping the cable. In this embodiment, the clamping mechanism may include: a clamping plate 32 and a first adjusting component.
The number of the chucking plate 32 is two. The clamping plate 32 is provided with a first threaded hole and a first through hole. A clamping space for clamping and fixing the cable is formed between the two clamping plates 32, and the center of the clamping space is positioned on the vertical plane where the telecentric lens is positioned. In this embodiment, one side of the clamping plate 32 close to the cable may further be provided with an anti-slip layer, and the anti-slip layer may be preferably made of soft rubber, so as to increase friction force between the anti-slip layer and the cable, and avoid deformation of a tangent plane of the cable due to too large clamping force, thereby making a detection result more accurate.
And the adjusting component is used for adjusting the distance of the clamping space. The first adjusting component comprises a first supporting plate 311, a two-way screw 312, a first knob 313 and a first guide rod 314. The first supporting plate 311 may be a concave structure with an opening pointing to the telecentric lens, and the extending direction is parallel to the horizontal plane. Two ends of the bidirectional screw rod 312 are rotatably mounted on two opposite sides of the inner wall of the first support plate 311 respectively, and two screw thread sections of the bidirectional screw rod 312 are in fit connection with the first threaded holes on the two clamping plates 32 respectively. One end of the bidirectional screw 312 can penetrate through the first support plate 311 and is fixedly connected with the first knob 313. Two ends of the first guide rod 314 are respectively fixed with two opposite sides of the inner wall of the first support plate 311. The first guide rod 314 is axially parallel to the bidirectional screw 312, and the first guide rod 314 passes through the through hole of the clamping plate 32 and is slidably connected with the clamping plate 32.
In the embodiment, when the clamping mechanism is adjusted, firstly, a cable to be tested is placed between the two clamping plates 32, the two-way screw rod 312 is driven to rotate by rotating the first knob 313, the two threaded ends of the two-way screw rod 312 are opposite in rotating direction, the two clamping plates 32 are respectively screwed at the two ends of the two-way screw rod 312, and meanwhile, the clamping plates 32 are limited to rotate by the first guide rods 314. Therefore, when the bidirectional screw 312 rotates, the two clamping plates 32 can be close to or far away from each other along the axial direction of the bidirectional screw 312, so that the distance of the clamping space can be adjusted, the cable to be tested can be clamped, and the tangent plane of the cable to be tested can be just positioned at the center of the clamping space. It should be noted here that the center of the clamping space is always fixed regardless of the change in the size of the gap between the clamping spaces, that is: the center of the clamping space is over against the vertical plane where the axis of the lens of the camera 1 is located, so that the tangent plane of the clamped cable is over against the vertical plane where the axis of the lens of the camera 1 is located, and the clamped cable to be tested is controlled to lift by adjusting the lifting mechanism, so that the tangent plane of the cable is over against the lens of the camera 1, and the tangent plane of the cable can be completely shot by the camera 1.
The lifting mechanism can be used for driving the clamping mechanism to vertically lift so as to enable the tangent plane of the cable to be opposite to the telecentric lens of the camera 1. In this embodiment, the elevating mechanism may include: a mounting plate 41 and a second adjusting component.
The mounting plate 41 is used to mount the clamping mechanism. Specifically, the first support plate 311 of the clamping mechanism may be fixed on the mounting plate 41.
The adjusting assembly is used for adjusting the vertical height of the mounting plate 41 so as to make the center of the clamping space face the axial lead of the telecentric lens. The second adjusting component comprises a second supporting plate 421, a threaded rod 422, a lifting block 423, a second knob 424 and a second guide rod 425. The second support plate 421 is a concave structure with an opening pointing to the telecentric lens, and the extending direction is perpendicular to the horizontal plane. Two ends of the threaded rod 422 are rotatably mounted on two pairs of two sides of the inner wall of the second support plate 421 respectively, and the top of the threaded rod 422 penetrates through the second support plate 421 and is fixedly connected with the second knob 424. Two ends of the second guide rod 425 are respectively fixed with two opposite sides of the inner wall of the second support plate 421. The second guide rod 425 is axially parallel to the threaded rod 422. The lifting block 423 is provided with a second threaded hole and a second through hole. The lifting block 423 is in threaded connection with the threaded rod 422 through the second threaded hole, and the lifting block 423 is in sliding connection with the second guide rod 425 through the second through hole.
In this embodiment, when adjusting elevating system, drive threaded rod 422 through two 424 rotatory knobs and take place rotatoryly, because lifting block 423 and threaded rod 422 spiro union to lifting block 423 is restricted by two 425 guide bars again and is rotated, consequently when threaded rod 422 is rotatory, the height that lifting block 423 can change, thereby drive mounting panel 41 and fixture and go up and down, and then change the tangent plane height that is located the cable at centre of clamping space.
In summary, compare with prior art, the cable insulation thickness check out test set that this embodiment provided has following advantage:
1. this check out test set can carry out the centre gripping through fixture to the cable that awaits measuring fixed to can realize that the cable tangent plane that awaits measuring can be located the center department in centre gripping space just, no matter how the interval size in centre gripping space changes, its center is fixed all the time. Therefore, the requirements that the tangent plane of the clamped cable is just opposite to the vertical plane where the axial lead of the lens of the camera 1 is located are met, the clamped cable to be detected is controlled to lift through adjusting the lifting mechanism, the tangent plane of the cable is just opposite to the lens of the camera 1, the fact that the tangent plane of the cable is completely shot by the camera 1 can be guaranteed, and shot images obtained by the camera 1 are clearer and more complete.
2. One side of the clamping plate 32 of the detection device, which is close to the cable, can also be provided with an anti-slip layer, and the anti-slip layer can be preferably made of soft rubber, so that not only can the friction force between the anti-slip layer and the cable be increased, but also the deformation of a cable section caused by overlarge clamping force can be avoided, and the detection result is more accurate.
3. When the clamping mechanism of the detection device is used, the first rotary knob 313 can be used for driving the two-way screw rod 312 to rotate, the two thread ends of the two-way screw rod 312 are opposite in rotating direction, the two clamping plates 32 are respectively screwed at the two ends of the two-way screw rod 312, and meanwhile, the clamping plates 32 are limited to rotate by the first guide rods 314. Therefore, when the bidirectional screw 312 rotates, the two clamping plates 32 approach to or separate from each other along the axial direction of the bidirectional screw 312, so that the space of the clamping space can be adjusted to clamp the cable to be tested. Meanwhile, when the lifting mechanism is used, the rotary knob II 424 can be used for driving the threaded rod 422 to rotate, the lifting block 423 is in threaded connection with the threaded rod 422, and the lifting block 423 is limited to rotate by the guide rod II 425, so that when the threaded rod 422 rotates, the height of the lifting block 423 can be changed, the mounting plate 41 and the clamping mechanism are driven to lift, and the height of the tangent plane of the cable located in the center of the clamping space is changed. Clamping mechanism and elevating system can both realize comparatively accurate fine setting to have stronger stability.
Example 3
Referring to fig. 9 and 10, the present embodiment provides a cable insulation layer thickness detection apparatus, and on the basis of embodiment 2, the detection apparatus may further include an annular light source 5, a carrier 6, a housing 7, and a bracket assembly.
The ring-shaped light source 5 is used for illuminating the cut surface of the cable and protruding the edge of the cut surface of the cable. The annular light source 5 is arranged coaxially with the telecentric lens of the camera 1, and the inner diameter of the annular light source 5 is not smaller than the outer diameter of the telecentric lens.
The stage 6 is used to fix the camera 1, the detection apparatus main body 2, the lifting mechanism, and the ring light source 5. The camera 1, the detection apparatus main body 2, the lifting mechanism and the annular light source 5 are all fixedly mounted on the upper surface of the stage 6.
The bracket assembly may include a first bracket 81, a second bracket 82, and a third bracket 83.
The first support 81 may be used to support the camera 1. The first support 81 may be fixedly mounted on the stage 6 by bolts, and the camera 1 may be fixedly mounted on the first support 81. When the camera 1 needs to be detached, the camera 1 may be directly detached from the first holder 81, or the first holder 81 may be detached from the stage 6.
The second support 82 may be used to support the ring light source 5. The second support 82 may be fixedly mounted on the stage 6 by bolts, and the ring light source 5 may be fixedly mounted on the second support 82. Specifically, one side of the second bracket 82 may be provided with a semicircular groove, a radius of the groove matches with an outer diameter of the annular light source 5, and the annular light source may be inserted into the groove to be fixed to the second bracket 82.
The third support 83 may be used to support the lifting mechanism, and the second support plate 421 of the lifting mechanism may be directly fixed on the carrier 6. In this embodiment, the cross section of the third support 83 may be a right triangle, one side of which may be fixed to the second support plate 421 by a bolt, and the other side of which may be fixed to the stage 6 by a bolt. Thus, the third support 83 functions as a reinforcing rib, so that the stability of the second support plate 421 is improved, and the structural strength of the whole lifting mechanism is improved.
The housing 7 may be used to house the stage 6 and various components mounted on the stage 6. The edge of the carrier 6 matches the bottom of the inner wall of the housing 7. The shell 7 can provide the confined environment for the main body 2 of the detection device, the camera 1 and other parts, has the protection effect, can also isolate most of outside air when avoiding physical collision, and avoids dust or vapor from damaging the detection device.
In summary, compare with prior art, the cable insulation thickness check out test set that this embodiment provided has following advantage:
this check out test set's annular light source 5 is the ring shape to the internal diameter of annular light source 5 is not less than the external diameter of telecentric mirror head, thereby can realize on the basis of the visual angle of the telecentric mirror head that does not shelter from camera 1, can also shine the tangent plane of cable and highlight the edge of cable tangent plane, makes the image of acquireing more clear accurate, and then makes the calculated result to the cable insulation layer more accurate. The carrying platform 6 and the bracket component of the detection equipment can be used for supporting the camera 1, the annular light source 5 and the lifting mechanism, so that the structural strength of the equipment is improved, and the stability is improved.
Example 4
Referring to fig. 11 and 12, the present embodiment provides a cable insulation layer thickness detection apparatus, and on the basis of embodiment 2 or 3, the detection apparatus main body 2 of the present embodiment may include a display screen 21, a controller 22 and a power supply 23.
The display screen 21 can be connected with the camera 1, can display a visual image shot by the camera 1 in real time, and can also display a detection structure after the thickness of the cable insulation layer is detected. In this embodiment, the display screen 21 may be fixed on the outer side of the housing 7.
The power supply 23 may be fixedly mounted on the stage 6 and may provide power to the camera 1, the ring light source 5, the display screen 21, the clamping mechanism, the lifting mechanism, and the controller.
The controller 22 may be fixedly mounted on the carrier 6. The controller 22 may include an image processing module, a calculation module, and a light source control module.
The image processing module may be configured to pre-process the captured image acquired by the camera 1, and extract a cable area of the captured image.
The calculation module can calculate the thickness of the insulating layer of the cable according to the cable area.
The light source control module may be used to control the switching and brightness adjustment of the ring light source 5.
The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above examples are merely illustrative of several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A method for detecting the thickness of an insulating layer of a cable is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, acquiring a shot image of the cable section;
s2, calculating the thickness of the insulating layer of the cable according to the shot image; the method for calculating the thickness of the insulating layer of the cable comprises the following steps:
s21, preprocessing the shot image, extracting a cable area of the shot image, and calculating the center coordinates (x) of the cable area under a world coordinate system0，y0) And a radius r;
s22, converting the cable area from a world coordinate system to a polar coordinate system according to the circle center coordinate and the radius of the cable area to obtain a rectangular plane image related to the cable area;
wherein the width and the height of the rectangular plane image are w and h respectively; in the height direction of the rectangular plane image, the corresponding angle of each pixel is theta0＝360/h；
S23, dividing the rectangular plane image to obtain N strips with the height h0The sub-band of (a); each sub-band corresponds to a radial angle theta0*h0；
S24, drawing a response curve S (n) related to each sub-band according to the projection in the vertical direction of each sub-band, and calculating a T step gradient G (n) corresponding to the response curve S (n);
s25, carrying out peak detection on the T step gradient G (n) to obtain a plurality of edge positions P corresponding to each sub-bandiAnd determining each edge position Pi(ii) an attribute of (d);
wherein the starting height of each sub-band is hi(ii) a Each sub-band having a central height hi+h02; the edge position PiThe polar coordinate in the polar coordinate system is (P)i，θi)，θi＝(hi+h0/2)*θ0；
S26, setting each edge position PiPolar coordinate (P)i，θi) Conversion to coordinates (x) in world coordinate systemi，yi) And further obtain each edge position PiThe edge segmentation positions corresponding to the insulation layer in the radial direction under the world coordinate system are calculated, and two adjacent edge positions P are calculatediAnd Pi-1Corresponding insulating layer thickness d therebetweeni；
Wherein each edge position PiCoordinates (x) in the world coordinate systemi，yi)＝(x0+ricosθi，y0+risinθi)；riTo each edge position PiRadial distance corresponding to the coordinates of the polar coordinate system, and ri＝r*Pi/w；
S27, according to the adjacent two edge positions PiAnd Pi-1Corresponding insulating layer thickness d therebetweeniCalculating the minimum thickness d of the insulating layer of the cableminAverage thickness of
And an eccentricity e.
2. The method for detecting the thickness of the insulation layer of the cable according to claim 1, wherein the section of the cable is irradiated with a ring-shaped light source and the edge of the section of the cable is protruded when the photographed image of the section of the cable is obtained.
3. The method for detecting the thickness of the insulation layer of the cable according to claim 1, wherein in step S24, the calculation formula of the T step gradient g (n) is:
G(n)＝S(n+T)-S(n)
wherein s (n) represents the response curve; s (n + T) represents a T step response curve; n represents a serial number; t denotes a step size.
4. The method for detecting the thickness of the insulation layer of the cable according to claim 1, wherein the edge position P is determined in step S25iIs an inner or outer edge; when the edge position PiThe edge position P is at the rising edge of the response curve S (n)iIs an inner edge; when the edge position PiThe edge position P is at the falling edge of the response curve S (n)iIs the outer edge.
5. The method for detecting the thickness of the insulation layer of the cable according to claim 1, wherein in step S25, a plurality of edge positions P corresponding to each sub-band are obtainediThen, also for each edge position P separatelyiPerforming feature analysis to determine edge position PiWhether a sample is damaged or not in a detection region corresponding to the sub-band, if so, the corresponding edge position P is subjected to damageiFiltering treatment is carried out;
wherein, for the edge position PiThe characteristic analysis is carried out by detecting the response intensity and the number of the effective edges; and judging whether the sample is damaged according to the fact that the number of the detected effective edges does not accord with the actual number of the edges of the cable or the edge response strength does not reach the preset strength.
6. Cable insulation layer thickness according to claim 1The method for detecting the degree is characterized in that in step S26, two adjacent edge positions PiAnd Pi-1Corresponding insulating layer thickness d therebetweeniThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein d is0The actual distance corresponding to each pixel.
7. Method for detecting the thickness of the insulating layer of a cable according to claim 1, characterized in that the minimum thickness d of the insulating layer of the cableminComprises the following steps:
dmin＝(min(d1，d2，...，dN))
average thickness of the insulation layer of the cable
Comprises the following steps:
the eccentricity e of the insulating layer of the cable is as follows:
8. a cable insulation thickness detection apparatus, comprising:
a camera (1) for acquiring a shot image of the cable section;
a detection device body (2) for calculating the thickness of the insulation layer of the cable according to the section image;
characterized in that, cable insulation thickness check out test set still includes:
a clamping mechanism for clamping the cable; and
the lifting mechanism is used for driving the clamping mechanism to vertically lift so as to enable the tangent plane of the cable to be opposite to the telecentric lens of the camera (1);
wherein, fixture includes:
two clamping plates (32); a clamping space for clamping and fixing the cable is formed between the two clamping plates (32), and the center of the clamping space is positioned on the vertical plane where the telecentric lens is positioned; and
the first adjusting assembly is used for adjusting the distance between the clamping spaces; the first adjusting component comprises a first supporting plate (311), a bidirectional screw rod (312), a first knob (313) and a first guide rod (314); the first support plate (311) is a concave structure with an opening pointing to the telecentric lens, and the extension direction of the first support plate is parallel to the horizontal plane; two ends of the two-way screw rod (312) are respectively and rotatably arranged on two opposite sides of the inner wall of the first support plate (311), and the two-way screw rod (312) is respectively in threaded fit connection with the two clamping plates (32); one end of the bidirectional screw rod (312) penetrates through the first support plate (311) and is fixedly connected with the first knob (313); two ends of the first guide rod (314) are respectively fixed with two opposite sides of the inner wall of the first support plate (311); the axial direction of the first guide rod (314) is parallel to the bidirectional screw rod (312), and the first guide rod (314) is connected with the clamping plate (32) in a sliding manner;
the lifting mechanism comprises:
a mounting plate (41) for mounting the clamping mechanism; the upper surface of the mounting plate (41) is fixedly connected with the first support plate (311); and
a second adjusting component for adjusting the vertical height of the mounting plate (41); the second adjusting component comprises a second supporting plate (421), a threaded rod (422), a lifting block (423), a second knob (424) and a second guide rod (425); the second support plate (421) is a concave structure with an opening pointing to the telecentric lens, and the extension direction of the second support plate is vertical to the horizontal plane; two ends of the threaded rod (422) are rotatably mounted on two pairs of two sides of the inner wall of the second support plate (421), and the top of the threaded rod (422) penetrates through the second support plate (421) and is fixedly connected with the second knob (424); two ends of the second guide rod (425) are respectively fixed with two opposite sides of the inner wall of the second support plate (421); the axial direction of the second guide rod (425) is parallel to the threaded rod (422); the lifting block (423) is in threaded connection with the threaded rod (422), and the lifting block (423) is in sliding connection with the second guide rod (425).
9. The apparatus for detecting the thickness of an insulating layer of a cable according to claim 8, wherein the apparatus body (2) calculates the thickness of the insulating layer of the cable using the method for detecting the thickness of the insulating layer of the cable according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
10. The cable insulation thickness detection apparatus according to claim 8, further comprising:
an annular light source (5) for illuminating a section of the cable and projecting the edge of the section of the cable; the annular light source (5) is coaxially arranged with a telecentric lens of the camera (1), and the inner diameter of the annular light source (5) is not smaller than the outer diameter of the telecentric lens; and
a stage (6) for fixing the camera (1), the detection apparatus main body (2), the lifting mechanism, and the ring-shaped light source (5); the camera (1), the detection device main body (2), the lifting mechanism and the annular light source (5) are all fixedly mounted on the upper surface of the carrying platform (6).
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