CN114198104A - Long-distance coal pillar plugging and reinforcing method - Google Patents
Long-distance coal pillar plugging and reinforcing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114198104A CN114198104A CN202111538196.6A CN202111538196A CN114198104A CN 114198104 A CN114198104 A CN 114198104A CN 202111538196 A CN202111538196 A CN 202111538196A CN 114198104 A CN114198104 A CN 114198104A
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- grouting holes
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- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 101
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011440 grout Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011083 cement mortar Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003566 sealing material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 abstract description 13
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004901 spalling Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011378 shotcrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/18—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor for brown or hard coal
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
- E21B33/10—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
- E21B33/13—Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices, or the like
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/04—Directional drilling
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
Abstract
The invention discloses a plugging and reinforcing method for a long-distance coal pillar, which is mainly suitable for a long-distance and small-width coal pillar underground, and firstly, a coal body is reinforced by performing punching and grouting operation on a roadway side chamber region and a non-chamber region in an advanced roadway; along with the tunneling of the lag roadway, drilling and grouting are also carried out on the coal pillars on the side of the lag roadway, so that the coal body is further reinforced and cracks generated in the tunneling process are blocked; and finally, plugging the air leakage channel in a surface guniting mode. The coal pillar can be well reinforced by grouting and spraying on the two sides of the coal pillar, the plastic deformation of brittle and hard coal bodies can be inhibited, the large-area rib spalling and crack development can be prevented, the plugging effect of cracks and caving positions can be ensured by means of firstly reinforcing and then plugging, and the production safety of the underground coal mine is effectively ensured.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention relates to the field of coal mining, in particular to a long-distance coal pillar plugging and reinforcing method.
Background art:
in order to solve the problems of low recovery rate of mines, large loss of coal and avoidance of stress concentration of coal pillars along the empty side, many mining areas in China strongly push the arrangement form of roadway driving of small coal pillars along the empty side. The small coal pillar gob-side entry driving has the advantages of saving coal resources, improving the resource recovery rate, simplifying the mining and taking over and the like, but because of the limitation of the width of the coal pillar and the supporting form, the small coal pillar is easy to generate the phenomena of crack development or rib caving and the like due to the pressure disturbance of tunneling or stoping, and the mechanical property of the small coal pillar is influenced. Meanwhile, in the process of tunneling, in order to facilitate the assembly and arrangement of large-scale equipment, a plurality of shunting chambers (with the interval of 300m) and long-distance equipment chambers (with the length of 50 m-100 m generally) are usually constructed, and because the chambers are large in length and narrow in coal pillar, in the process of tunneling a small coal pillar along a roadway, the long-distance chambers are easy to be pressed to form cracks or even partially collapse at one side close to the coal pillar, so that air leakage in a large range is easy to cause. The developed cracks can enable the two tunneling surfaces of the advanced roadway and the delayed roadway to generate air leakage channels, so that residual coal in a goaf in the advanced roadway is spontaneous combustion, accidents are further caused, and the underground production safety of a coal mine is seriously threatened.
At present, the method of surface guniting or organic material spraying is mostly adopted for plugging the coal pillar cracks in the coal mine underground small coal pillar plugging. However, in field application, due to the characteristics of brittleness, hardness and the like of the coal body, the small coal pillar is easy to be pressed and deformed or internal cracks develop under the action of stress, the gunite surface and the cementing surface are damaged, a large number of new fine cracks are generated, a new air leakage channel is formed, and the measure of blocking air leakage in the well cannot achieve an ideal effect.
In view of the limitation of the traditional plugging measure in the application of long-distance coal pillar air leakage plugging, a technical measure and a method which can simultaneously reinforce the coal pillar and plug the air leakage are urgently needed in the underground coal mine.
The invention content is as follows:
in order to solve the above problems, the present invention aims to provide a method for plugging and reinforcing a long-distance coal pillar.
The invention is implemented by the following technical scheme:
a long-distance coal pillar plugging and reinforcing method comprises the following steps:
s1, pouring and filling the chamber of the advanced roadway to enable the filled chamber area to be flush with the side wall of the non-chamber area;
s2, uniformly forming grouting holes in the coal pillars on the side of the advanced roadway along the length direction of the coal pillars, inserting sleeves into the grouting holes, and injecting grout into the grouting holes through the sleeves;
s3, performing surface guniting plugging treatment on the coal pillar on the side of the advanced roadway along the length direction of the coal pillar;
s4, forming grouting holes in the coal pillars on the lagging roadway side, inserting sleeves into the grouting holes, and injecting grout into the grouting holes through the sleeves;
and S5, performing surface guniting plugging treatment on the coal pillar on the lagging roadway side along the length direction of the coal pillar.
Further, in the step S2, a row of grouting holes are formed in the middle of the filled chamber area in the vertical direction; two rows of grouting holes are uniformly formed in the coal pillar in the non-chamber area in the vertical direction, the distance between the upper row of grouting holes and the top plate of the roadway is 0.8-1.2 m, and the distance between the lower row of grouting holes and the bottom plate of the roadway is 0.8-1.2 m.
Further, in step S2, the upper row of grouting holes formed in the pillars of the non-chamber area is inclined upward in the direction from the orifice to the bottom of the hole, the lower row of grouting holes is inclined downward in the direction from the orifice to the bottom of the hole, and the grouting holes formed in the filled chamber area are horizontal.
Further, in the step S2, the inclination angles of the upper and lower rows of grouting holes formed in the coal pillar of the non-chamber area are 25 ° to 30 °.
Further, in step S4, a row of grouting holes is formed in the middle of the coal pillar on the lagging roadway side in the vertical direction.
Further, in step S4, the grouting holes formed in the pillar on the lagging roadway side are in the horizontal direction.
Further, in the step S2 and the step S4, the hole diameter of the grouting hole is 32mm, and the hole depth is 2 m; the diameter of the bore of the sleeve is 25mm and the length is 1.5 m.
Further, in the step S2, the horizontal distance between grouting holes opened in the filled chamber area is 4m to 5 m; the horizontal distances between the grouting holes formed in the coal pillars of the non-chamber area in the step S2 and the grouting holes formed in the coal pillars on the lagging roadway side in the step S4 are both 1m to 2 m.
Further, in the steps S2 and S4, the slurry used in the grouting process is prepared by mixing cement slurry and water glass, and the volume ratio of the cement slurry to the water glass is 1: 0.5.
further, in the steps S3 and S5, the slurry used in the guniting process is cement mortar or an organic sealing material.
The invention has the advantages that:
the method is mainly suitable for underground long-distance and small-width coal pillars, and firstly, the method comprises the steps of performing punching grouting operation on a roadway side chamber region and a non-chamber region in an advanced roadway to reinforce a coal body; along with the tunneling of the lag roadway, drilling and grouting are also carried out on the coal pillars on the side of the lag roadway, so that the coal body is further reinforced and cracks generated in the tunneling process are blocked; and finally, plugging the air leakage channel in a surface guniting mode.
The coal pillar can be well reinforced by grouting and spraying on the two sides of the coal pillar, the plastic deformation of brittle and hard coal bodies can be inhibited, the large-area rib spalling and crack development can be prevented, the plugging effect of cracks and caving positions can be ensured by means of firstly reinforcing and then plugging, and the production safety of the underground coal mine is effectively ensured.
Description of the drawings:
in order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the coal pillar reinforcement of the leading roadway side in the present invention;
the specific implementation mode is as follows:
the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
a3-1 coal seam of a certain coal mine in inner Mongolia is buried deeply and is about 700m, two adjacent working faces 3104 and 3106 are arranged, the working face 3104 is mined over half, and an air inlet and return roadway of the working face 3106 is under tunneling construction. The construction gradient of a 3106 working face air return measure roadway is tunneled along the bottom plate of the coal seam, a tunneling mode of tunneling along the empty is adopted, and only small coal pillars with the width of 6m are reserved between the small coal pillars and a 3104 working face main transport roadway and are close to a 3104 working face goaf. Due to the characteristics of high hardness, high brittleness and the like of the 3-1 coal of the mine, the phenomena of relatively frequent caving, rib spalling and the like exist in the small coal pillar in the tunneling process, so that the widths of a plurality of positions of the small coal pillar are reduced, and the actual width is less than 6 m. And a shift chamber with the length of 140m and the depth of 3.5m exists at a position 1677m in front of the 3106 air return measure roadway tunneling, and the position is easy to cause the pressure crack development of the coal pillar and even partial collapse due to the characteristics of large length, narrow coal pillar and the like, thereby easily causing air leakage in a large range.
In order to solve the problems, a long-distance coal pillar plugging and reinforcing method shown in fig. 1-2 is adopted for field reinforcement, and the method comprises the following steps:
s1, pouring and filling 3104 on the working surface, namely the chamber of the advanced roadway, by using concrete, so that the filled chamber area is flush with the side wall of the non-chamber area;
s2, in the chamber area filled on the 3104 working surface, a row of horizontal grouting holes with the hole diameter of 32mm and the hole depth of 2m are formed in the middle part in the vertical direction, and the horizontal distance between every two adjacent grouting holes is 5 m;
uniformly arranging two rows of grouting holes with the aperture of 32mm and the hole depth of 2m in the vertical direction on a coal pillar in a non-chamber area of a 3104 working surface, wherein the horizontal distance between every two adjacent grouting holes is 2 m; the distance between the upper row of grouting holes and the top plate of the roadway is 1m, and the upper row of grouting holes upwards inclines for 30 degrees along the direction from the hole opening to the hole bottom; the distance between the lower row of grouting holes and the roadway bottom plate is 1m, and the lower row of grouting holes is inclined downwards by 30 degrees along the direction from the hole opening to the hole bottom.
Inserting a sleeve with the aperture of 25mm and the length of 1.5m into the arranged grouting hole, and injecting cement slurry and water glass into the grouting hole through the sleeve according to the volume ratio of 1: 0.5 preparing composite slurry;
s3, carrying out surface guniting plugging treatment on the coal pillar on one side of the 3104 working surface along the length direction of the coal pillar by using cement mortar with the strength of C20, wherein the guniting thickness is 100 mm;
s4, arranging a row of horizontal grouting holes with the aperture of 32mm and the hole depth of 2m in the middle of the vertical direction on a 3106 working surface, namely a coal pillar on the lagging roadway side, wherein the horizontal distance between every two adjacent grouting holes is 2 m; inserting a sleeve with the aperture of 25mm and the length of 1.5m into the grouting hole, and injecting cement slurry and water glass into the grouting hole through the sleeve according to the volume ratio of 1: 0.5 preparing composite slurry;
s5, carrying out surface guniting blocking treatment on the coal pillar on the 3106 working surface side along the length direction of the coal pillar by using cement mortar with the strength of C20, wherein the guniting thickness is 100 mm.
In the embodiment, the cement paste is prepared from P.O42.5-grade ordinary silicate bagged cement and water, the principle that the cement paste is diluted to concentrated along with the grouting process and is slightly diluted after the grouting process is finished is followed, and the mass ratio of water to cement in the initial stage of grouting is 1: 0.5, the water-cement mass ratio after the pressure rise is 1:1, and the water-cement mass ratio in the final stage is 0.75: 1. The modulus of the water glass is required to be 2.4-3.0, and the concentration is 40 Baume degrees. The grouting frequency of each grouting hole is not less than 3 times, the phenomenon of coal body fracture due to the grouting force can be prevented, the final grouting pressure is not more than 2.5MPa, and the grouting amount is not more than 20L/min, so that grouting can be carried out until no grouting is carried out and the grout in the grouting holes leaks.
The composite slurry prepared by mixing cement slurry and water glass is used for reinforcing the closed wall, and the composite slurry can not only fill the mutually communicated coal-rock body cracks, but also compress some closed cracks and pores which cannot be filled under the pressure action of a grouting pump, so that the filling and compacting effects on the whole coal-rock body are achieved. The grouting reinforcement of the sealing wall and the surrounding loose coal bodies is mainly used for reinforcing and plugging the joint of the sealing wall and the surrounding rock mass to form an organic whole, improving the strength of the sealing wall and the surrounding coal rock mass, achieving the purpose of reinforcing and plugging, and reducing and eliminating the coal oxidation left in a goaf caused by air leakage of the sealing wall.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (10)
1. A long-distance coal pillar plugging and reinforcing method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, pouring and filling the chamber of the advanced roadway to enable the filled chamber area to be flush with the side wall of the non-chamber area;
s2, uniformly forming grouting holes in the coal pillars on the side of the advanced roadway along the length direction of the coal pillars, inserting sleeves into the grouting holes, and injecting grout into the grouting holes through the sleeves;
s3, performing surface guniting plugging treatment on the coal pillar on the side of the advanced roadway along the length direction of the coal pillar;
s4, forming grouting holes in the coal pillars on the lagging roadway side, inserting sleeves into the grouting holes, and injecting grout into the grouting holes through the sleeves;
and S5, performing surface guniting plugging treatment on the coal pillar on the lagging roadway side along the length direction of the coal pillar.
2. The method for plugging and reinforcing the long-distance coal pillar as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step S2, a row of grouting holes are formed in the middle of the filled chamber area in the vertical direction; two rows of grouting holes are uniformly formed in the coal pillar in the non-chamber area in the vertical direction, the distance between the upper row of grouting holes and the top plate of the roadway is 0.8-1.2 m, and the distance between the lower row of grouting holes and the bottom plate of the roadway is 0.8-1.2 m.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein in step S2, the upper row of grouting holes formed in the coal pillars in the non-chamber area are inclined upward from the port to the bottom of the hole, the lower row of grouting holes are inclined downward from the port to the bottom of the hole, and the grouting holes formed in the filled chamber area are horizontal.
4. The method for plugging and reinforcing a long-distance coal pillar as claimed in claim 3, wherein in the step S2, the inclination angles of the upper and lower rows of grouting holes formed on the coal pillar in the non-chamber area are 25 ° to 30 °.
5. The method for plugging and reinforcing the long-distance coal pillar as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step S4, a row of grouting holes are formed in the middle of the coal pillar on the lagging roadway side in the vertical direction.
6. The method for plugging and reinforcing the long-distance coal pillar as claimed in claim 5, wherein in the step S4, the grouting holes formed on the coal pillar on the lagging roadway side are in the horizontal direction.
7. The method for plugging and reinforcing the long-distance coal pillar as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the steps S2 and S4, the diameter of the grouting hole is 32mm, and the depth of the grouting hole is 2 m; the diameter of the bore of the sleeve is 25mm and the length is 1.5 m.
8. The method for plugging and reinforcing the long-distance coal pillar as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step S2, the horizontal spacing of grouting holes formed in the filled chamber area is 4-5 m; the horizontal distances between the grouting holes formed in the coal pillars of the non-chamber area in the step S2 and the grouting holes formed in the coal pillars on the lagging roadway side in the step S4 are both 1m to 2 m.
9. The method for plugging and reinforcing the long-distance coal pillar according to claim 1, wherein in the steps S2 and S4, the slurry used in the grouting process is prepared by mixing cement slurry and water glass, and the volume ratio of the cement slurry to the water glass is 1: 0.5.
10. the method for plugging and reinforcing the long-distance coal pillar as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the steps S3 and S5, the slurry used in the slurry spraying process is cement mortar or organic sealing material.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111538196.6A CN114198104A (en) | 2021-12-15 | 2021-12-15 | Long-distance coal pillar plugging and reinforcing method |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202111538196.6A CN114198104A (en) | 2021-12-15 | 2021-12-15 | Long-distance coal pillar plugging and reinforcing method |
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| CN114198104A true CN114198104A (en) | 2022-03-18 |
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