CN114195579A - Coated controlled-release fertilizer with adjustable degradation period and controlled-release period and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Coated controlled-release fertilizer with adjustable degradation period and controlled-release period and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114195579A CN114195579A CN202111545577.7A CN202111545577A CN114195579A CN 114195579 A CN114195579 A CN 114195579A CN 202111545577 A CN202111545577 A CN 202111545577A CN 114195579 A CN114195579 A CN 114195579A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
- C05C9/005—Post-treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/40—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/30—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings
- C05G5/37—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings layered or coated with a polymer
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Abstract
The invention provides a coated controlled release fertilizer with adjustable degradation period and controlled release period and a preparation method thereof, relating to the technical field of fertilizers, wherein the coated controlled release fertilizer with adjustable degradation period and controlled release period comprises the following components: the fertilizer comprises a fertilizer and a polyurethane coating material, wherein the polyurethane coating material is coated on the surface of the fertilizer; the polyurethane coating material includes isocyanate and mixed polyol. The raw materials for preparing the coated controlled-release fertilizer are vegetable oil, the source is wide, the preparation process is easy to master and is simple and easy to implement, and the advantages and the disadvantages of all components in the material can be fully utilized; the coated controlled-release fertilizer has the effects of regulating and controlling the degradation period and the controlled-release period, can regulate and control the controlled-release period according to different crops, soil and climatic conditions, and has wider application range and wide application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fertilizers, in particular to a coated controlled-release fertilizer with adjustable degradation period and controlled-release period and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The coated controlled-release fertilizer wraps fertilizer particles through the physical film layer, so that the fertilizer particles can be prevented from being directly contacted with soil water, the release of nutrients is delayed, the loss of nutrients in soil is reduced, and the utilization rate of the fertilizer is improved. In agricultural production, the controlled release fertilizer is applied to stabilize the yield and even increase the yield under the condition of reducing one-time basal application, thereby greatly reducing the labor cost. But the problems of higher production cost, incomplete matching technology and the like of the controlled release fertilizer are solved, and large-area popularization cannot be realized. In recent years, with the development of material technology and engineering technology, the material cost and the process cost of the controlled release fertilizer are gradually reduced, and the application value of the controlled release fertilizer is gradually improved. However, the film layer of the coated controlled release fertilizer is mainly made of organic polymer materials from petrochemical products and is difficult to degrade. At present, the petrochemical material is replaced by the biodegradable material, and the method is an effective method for reducing the production cost and improving the degradability. The vegetable oil is used as a renewable resource, unsaturated double bonds contained in the vegetable oil enable the vegetable oil to have higher reaction activity, and the vegetable oil-based product can have a structure and performance similar to those of a petroleum-based product by utilizing the double bond modification, so that the cost can be reduced, and the aliphatic ester bond in the vegetable oil molecule is easy to erode by microorganisms and is easier to degrade than the petroleum-based material.
The main component of the vegetable oil is ester generated by higher fatty acid and glycerin, and different vegetable oils have different types and contents of fatty acid, different carbon chain lengths and saturation degrees and larger difference of reaction activity. The hydroxyl value of the polyol prepared by taking the soybean oil as the raw material is high, and the water resistance of the polyurethane material prepared by the polyol is good; the polyol prepared from palm oil has low hydroxyl value and short carbon chain, and the polyurethane material prepared from the polyol has good hydrophilicity and more pores in a film layer; the molecular chain of the castor oil contains hydroxyl, so that the castor oil can directly participate in the reaction, and the defect is that the castor oil has higher cost compared with soybean oil and palm oil.
Chinese patent document CN101973808B (201010294857.0) discloses a starch-based coating material and application thereof in preparation of a controlled-release fertilizer, but the starch-based material has high hydrophilicity and needs to be subjected to hydrophobic modification or added with a large amount of additives; the preparation process needs to add a solvent, so that the production cost and the recovery cost are increased; the prepared coated fertilizer has poor controlled release performance and is difficult to popularize in a large area.
Chinese patent document CN 103772646A (201310753674.4) discloses a biodegradable slow/controlled release fertilizer coating material and a preparation process thereof, wherein the raw materials are soybean oil, polyether polyol, castor oil and isocyanate, and although the degradability of the film material can be improved, the degradation period and the controlled release period of the coated fertilizer cannot be regulated and controlled according to different application conditions.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide the coated controlled-release fertilizer with the adjustable degradation period and the controllable controlled-release period, which has the effect of adjusting the degradation period and the controlled-release period, can adjust the controlled-release period according to different crops, soil and climate conditions, and has wider application range and wide application prospect.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
a coated controlled release fertilizer with adjustable degradation period and controlled release period comprises the following components: fertilizers and polyurethane coating materials; the polyurethane coating material is coated on the surface of the fertilizer; the polyurethane coating material includes isocyanate and mixed polyol.
Preferably, in the coated controlled-release fertilizer, the amount of the polyurethane coating material is 2-5% of the mass of the fertilizer.
Preferably, in the coated controlled-release fertilizer, the molar ratio of isocyanate-NCO to mixed polyol-OH is (1.1-1.3): 1.
preferably, in the coated controlled release fertilizer, the isocyanate is diphenylmethane diisocyanate.
Preferably, in the coated controlled release fertilizer, the mixed polyol comprises soybean oil polyol, castor oil, palm oil polyol and industrial polyether polyol.
Preferably, in the coated controlled-release fertilizer, the mass ratio of the soybean oil polyol to the castor oil to the palm oil polyol to the industrial polyether polyol is (4-6): (3-1): (2-1): (1-2).
Preferably, in the coated controlled-release fertilizer, the fertilizer is any one of urea, diammonium phosphate, monoammonium phosphate, calcium superphosphate, triple superphosphate, potassium chloride, potassium nitrate and potassium sulfate.
A preparation method of a coated controlled-release fertilizer with adjustable degradation period and controlled-release period comprises the following steps:
(1) screening the fertilizer to obtain fertilizer granules of 3-5 mm;
(2) mixing the fertilizer particles obtained in the step (1) with a sealant with the mass of 1-3 per mill of the fertilizer, and heating and melting at 60-70 ℃ to obtain a mixture;
(3) mixing soybean oil polyol, castor oil, palm oil polyol and industrial polyether polyol according to a mass ratio to prepare mixed polyol, and then heating and mixing the mixed polyol with isocyanate to prepare a polyurethane coating material;
(4) coating a polyurethane coating material on the surface of the mixture obtained in the step (2), and adding a catalyst;
(5) and (5) repeating the operation of the step (4) for 2-5 times after the polyurethane coating material is solidified to obtain the coated controlled release fertilizer.
Preferably, in the preparation method of the coated controlled-release fertilizer, the temperature for preparing the polyurethane coating material by heating and mixing in the step (3) is 60-80 ℃.
Preferably, in the preparation method of the coated controlled-release fertilizer, the catalyst in the step (3) is one of a tertiary amine catalyst, an organotin catalyst and a carboxylate catalyst, and the dosage of the catalyst is 0.1-0.2 mL/time.
The invention provides a coated controlled release fertilizer with adjustable degradation period and controlled release period and a preparation method thereof, the preparation raw material is vegetable oil, the source is wide, the preparation process is easy to master and is simple and easy to implement, and the advantages and the disadvantages of each component in the material can be fully utilized; the coated controlled-release fertilizer has the effects of regulating and controlling the degradation period and the controlled-release period, can regulate and control the controlled-release period according to different crops, soil and climatic conditions, and has wider application range and wide application prospect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of a method for preparing a coated fertilizer with controllable degradation period and controlled release period.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a coated controlled-release fertilizer with adjustable degradation period and controlled-release period, which comprises the following components: fertilizers and polyurethane coating materials; the polyurethane coating material is coated on the surface of the fertilizer; the polyurethane coating material includes isocyanate and mixed polyol.
In the invention, the dosage of the polyurethane coating material is preferably 2-5% of the mass of the fertilizer, more preferably 2.5-4.5%, and even more preferably 3-4%.
In the invention, the molar ratio of the isocyanate-NCO to the OH of the mixed polyol of the polyurethane coating material to the OH of the isocyanate is preferably 1.1-1.3: 1, more preferably 1.15 to 1.25: 1, more preferably 1.2: 1.
in the present invention, the isocyanate is preferably diphenylmethane diisocyanate, more preferably polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate; the viscosity (25 ℃, mPa & s) of the polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate is preferably 150-250, more preferably 175-225, and even more preferably 180-220; the mass fraction (% Wt) of-NCO is preferably 30.5 to 32.0, and more preferably 31 to 31.5.
In the present invention, in the urethane coating material, the mixed polyol preferably includes soybean oil polyol, castor oil, palm oil polyol and industrial polyether polyol.
In the invention, the preparation method of the soybean oil polyalcohol comprises the following steps:
mixing epoxidized soybean oil and monohydric alcohol according to the ratio of the epoxy value of the epoxidized soybean oil to the hydroxyl value of the monohydric alcohol (2-3): 1, placing the mixture in a reaction kettle, stirring the mixture at the rotating speed of 20r/s, taking out the mixture after the polyhydric alcohol turns golden yellow, washing the mixture to be neutral by deionized water, separating the polyhydric alcohol by a separating funnel, and placing the mixture in a dryer for drying for 48 hours; the monohydric alcohol is preferably any one of isopropyl alcohol, n-butyl alcohol or isoamyl alcohol.
In the invention, the preparation method of the palm oil polyol comprises the following steps:
mixing epoxy palm oil and monohydric alcohol according to the ratio (2-3) of the epoxy value of the epoxy palm oil to the hydroxyl value of the monohydric alcohol to 1, placing the mixture into a reaction kettle, stirring at the rotating speed of 20r/s, taking out the mixture when the polyhydric alcohol turns to golden yellow, washing the mixture to be neutral by using deionized water, separating the polyhydric alcohol by using a separating funnel, and placing the mixture into a dryer for drying for 48 hours; the monohydric alcohol is preferably any one of isopropyl alcohol, n-butyl alcohol or isoamyl alcohol.
In the invention, the industrial polyether polyol is preferably one or more of PPG210, PPG400, PPG600 and PPG1000, more preferably PPG400 or PPG600, and even more preferably PPG400 with a hydroxyl value of 255-312 mgKOH/g or PPG600 with a hydroxyl value of 170-208 mgKOH/g.
In the invention, the ratio of the soybean oil polyol, the castor oil, the palm oil polyol and the industrial polyether polyol is preferably (4-6): (3-1): (2-1): (1-2), more preferably 4: 3: 2:1 or 6: 1: 1: 2.
in the invention, the fertilizer is preferably any one of urea, diammonium phosphate, monoammonium phosphate, calcium superphosphate, triple superphosphate, potassium chloride, potassium nitrate and potassium sulfate; the diameter of the fertilizer is preferably 2.5 mm-4.75 mm, more preferably 3-4 mm, and still more preferably 3.5 mm-3.75 mm; the roundness of the fertilizer granule is preferably not less than 0.92, more preferably not less than 0.95, and even more preferably not less than 0.99; the length-diameter ratio of the fertilizer is preferably less than or equal to 1.20, more preferably less than or equal to 1.15, and even more preferably less than or equal to 1.10.
The invention provides a preparation method of a coated controlled-release fertilizer with adjustable degradation period and controlled-release period, which comprises the following steps:
(1) screening the fertilizer to obtain fertilizer granules of 3-5 mm;
(2) mixing the fertilizer particles obtained in the step (1) with a sealant with the mass of 1-3 per mill of the fertilizer, and heating and melting at 60-70 ℃ to obtain a mixture;
(3) mixing soybean oil polyol, castor oil, palm oil polyol and industrial polyether polyol according to a mass ratio to prepare mixed polyol, and then heating and mixing the mixed polyol with isocyanate to prepare a polyurethane coating material;
(4) coating a polyurethane coating material on the surface of the mixture obtained in the step (2), and adding a catalyst;
(5) and (5) repeating the operation of the step (4) for 2-5 times after the polyurethane coating material is solidified to obtain the coated controlled release fertilizer.
In the invention, firstly, screening the fertilizer to obtain fertilizer granules with the particle size of 3-5 mm; in the invention, the screening is preferably performed by a standard sample separation screen, and is further preferably performed by a special chemical vibrating screen.
After the fertilizer particles are obtained, the fertilizer particles are mixed with a sealant with the mass of 1-3 per mill of the fertilizer, and the mixture is heated and melted at the temperature of 60-70 ℃; in the present invention, the blocking agent is preferably industrial No. 58 paraffin; the dosage of the sealing agent is preferably 1.5-2.5 per mill, and more preferably 1.8-2.2 per mill; the heating and melting temperature is preferably 60-70 ℃, and more preferably 62-68 ℃; the heating and melting are preferably carried out in a drum coater.
In the invention, soybean oil polyol, castor oil, palm oil polyol and industrial polyether polyol are mixed according to the mass ratio to prepare mixed polyol, and then the mixed polyol is heated and mixed with isocyanate to prepare the polyurethane coating material. In the invention, the temperature for preparing the polyurethane coating material by heating and mixing is preferably 60-80 ℃, more preferably 65-75 ℃, and even more preferably 68-72 ℃.
After the polyurethane coating material is obtained, coating the polyurethane coating material on the surface of the obtained mixture, and adding a catalyst; in the present invention, the catalyst is preferably one of a tertiary amine catalyst, an organotin catalyst, and a carboxylate catalyst; the tertiary amine catalyst is preferably triethylenediamine or dimethylaminoethyl; the organic tin catalyst is preferably dibutyltin dilaurate or stannous octoate; the carboxylate catalyst is any one of bismuth carboxylate or potassium carboxylate. The catalyst is more preferably an organotin catalyst, and still more preferably dibutyltin dilaurate. In the present invention, the amount of the catalyst is preferably 0.1 to 0.2 mL/time, more preferably 0.12 to 0.18 mL/time, and still more preferably 0.14 to 0.16 mL/time.
In the invention, preferably, after the polyurethane coating material is solidified, repeating the operation for 2-5 times to obtain the coated controlled-release fertilizer with different coating amounts.
The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Mixing 1kg of epoxidized soybean oil and 0.11kg of isopropanol, placing the mixture in a reaction kettle, adding 1mL of tetrafluoroboric acid, stirring at the rotating speed of 20r/s, taking out the mixture when the polyol turns to be golden yellow, washing the mixture to be neutral by deionized water, separating the polyol by a separating funnel, placing the mixture in a dryer and drying the mixture for 48 hours to obtain the soybean oil polyol.
Mixing 1.45kg of epoxy palm oil and 0.11kg of isopropanol, placing the mixture in a reaction kettle, adding 1mL of tetrafluoroboric acid, stirring at the rotating speed of 20r/s, taking out the mixture when the polyol turns to be golden yellow, washing the mixture to be neutral by deionized water, separating the polyol by a separating funnel, placing the mixture in a dryer, and drying the mixture for 48 hours to obtain the palm oil polyol.
Mixing soybean oil polyol, palm oil polyol, castor oil and industrial polyether according to a mass ratio of 4:2:2:2 to prepare mixed polyol, and then mixing the mixed polyol with isocyanate to prepare the coating agent, wherein the molar ratio of isocyanate (-NCO) of the isocyanate to hydroxyl (-OH) of the mixed polyol is 1.2: 1.3 kg of urea granules are weighed, placed in a drum coater and heated to 65 ℃, 6g of No. 58 paraffin is added as a sealing agent, and the temperature is continuously heated to 70 ℃. Weighing 30g of coating agent, pouring the coating agent on the surface of the rolled fertilizer, obtaining the coated fertilizer with the coating amount of 1% after the coating agent is completely cured, and repeating the operation for 3 times to obtain the fertilizer with the coating amount of 3%.
Example 2
Mixing 1kg of epoxidized soybean oil and 0.11kg of isopropanol, placing the mixture in a reaction kettle, adding 1mL of tetrafluoroboric acid, stirring at the rotating speed of 20r/s, taking out the mixture when the polyol turns to be golden yellow, washing the mixture to be neutral by deionized water, separating the polyol by a separating funnel, placing the mixture in a dryer and drying the mixture for 48 hours to obtain the soybean oil polyol.
Mixing 1.45kg of epoxy palm oil and 0.11kg of isopropanol, placing the mixture in a reaction kettle, adding 1mL of tetrafluoroboric acid, stirring at the rotating speed of 20r/s, taking out the mixture when the polyol turns to be golden yellow, washing the mixture to be neutral by deionized water, separating the polyol by a separating funnel, placing the mixture in a dryer, and drying the mixture for 48 hours to obtain the palm oil polyol.
Mixing soybean oil polyol, palm oil polyol, castor oil and industrial polyether according to the mass ratio of 6:2:1:1 to prepare mixed polyol, and then mixing the mixed polyol with isocyanate to prepare the coating agent, wherein the molar ratio of isocyanate (-NCO) of the isocyanate to hydroxyl (-OH) of the mixed polyol is 1.2: 1.3 kg of urea granules are weighed, placed in a drum coater and heated to 65 ℃, 6g of No. 58 paraffin is added as a sealing agent, and the temperature is continuously heated to 70 ℃. Weighing 30g of coating agent, pouring the coating agent on the surface of the rolled fertilizer, obtaining the coated fertilizer with the coating amount of 1% after the coating agent is completely cured, and repeating the operation for 3 times to obtain the fertilizer with the coating amount of 3%.
Example 3
Mixing 1kg of epoxidized soybean oil and 0.11kg of isopropanol, placing the mixture in a reaction kettle, adding 1mL of tetrafluoroboric acid, stirring at the rotating speed of 20r/s, taking out the mixture when the polyol turns to be golden yellow, washing the mixture to be neutral by deionized water, separating the polyol by a separating funnel, placing the mixture in a dryer and drying the mixture for 48 hours to obtain the soybean oil polyol.
Mixing 1.45kg of epoxy palm oil and 0.11kg of isopropanol, placing the mixture in a reaction kettle, adding 1mL of tetrafluoroboric acid, stirring at the rotating speed of 20r/s, taking out the mixture when the polyol turns to be golden yellow, washing the mixture to be neutral by deionized water, separating the polyol by a separating funnel, placing the mixture in a dryer, and drying the mixture for 48 hours to obtain the palm oil polyol.
Mixing soybean oil polyol, palm oil polyol, castor oil and industrial polyether according to a mass ratio of 5:2:1:2 to prepare mixed polyol, and then mixing the mixed polyol with isocyanate to prepare the coating agent, wherein the molar ratio of isocyanate (-NCO) of the isocyanate to hydroxyl (-OH) of the mixed polyol is 1.2: 1.3 kg of urea granules are weighed, placed in a drum coater and heated to 65 ℃, 6g of No. 58 paraffin is added as a sealing agent, and the temperature is continuously heated to 70 ℃. Weighing 30g of coating agent, pouring the coating agent on the surface of the rolled fertilizer, obtaining the coated fertilizer with the coating amount of 1% after the coating agent is completely cured, and repeating the operation for 3 times to obtain the fertilizer with the coating amount of 3%.
Example 4
Mixing 1kg of epoxidized soybean oil and 0.11kg of isopropanol, placing the mixture in a reaction kettle, adding 1mL of tetrafluoroboric acid, stirring at the rotating speed of 20r/s, taking out the mixture when the polyol turns to be golden yellow, washing the mixture to be neutral by deionized water, separating the polyol by a separating funnel, placing the mixture in a dryer and drying the mixture for 48 hours to obtain the soybean oil polyol.
Mixing 1.45kg of epoxy palm oil and 0.11kg of isopropanol, placing the mixture in a reaction kettle, adding 1mL of tetrafluoroboric acid, stirring at the rotating speed of 20r/s, taking out the mixture when the polyol turns to be golden yellow, washing the mixture to be neutral by deionized water, separating the polyol by a separating funnel, placing the mixture in a dryer, and drying the mixture for 48 hours to obtain the palm oil polyol.
Mixing soybean oil polyol, palm oil polyol, castor oil and industrial polyether according to a mass ratio of 5:2:1:2 to prepare mixed polyol, and then mixing the mixed polyol with isocyanate to prepare the coating agent, wherein the molar ratio of isocyanate (-NCO) of the isocyanate to hydroxyl (-OH) of the mixed polyol is 1.2: 1.3 kg of urea granules are weighed, placed in a drum coater and heated to 65 ℃, 6g of No. 58 paraffin is added as a sealing agent, and the temperature is continuously heated to 70 ℃. Weighing 30g of coating agent, pouring the coating agent on the surface of the rolled fertilizer, obtaining the coated fertilizer with the coating amount of 1% after the coating agent is completely cured, and repeating the operations for 2, 3 and 4 times to respectively obtain the fertilizers with the coating amounts of 2%, 3% and 4%.
Experimental example 1
The release rate of the hydrostatic nutrients of the prepared coated fertilizer is determined according to the chemical industry standard HG/T4216-2011 (a rapid detection method for the release period and the release rate of the nutrients of the slow release/controlled release fertilizer).
And 2g of each coating agent in the embodiments 1-3 is weighed and respectively placed in a customized polytetrafluoroethylene die, and the die is placed on a heating plate at 80 ℃ for heating, so that the vegetable oil-based polyurethane film is obtained after complete curing. The field degradation rate of the coated material was determined using the following method:
weighing 10g of the prepared polyurethane film of the embodiment 1-3, filling the polyurethane film into a plastic mesh bag of 7cm x 10cm, burying the mesh bag in a wheat field 15cm away from the ground surface, digging out the mesh bag every 30 days, cleaning, drying and weighing the mass of the rest film.
The nutrient release rate of the coated fertilizer is measured by a hydrostatic extraction method, the measurement result is shown in table 1, the degradation rate of the vegetable oil-based polyurethane membrane is measured by a field bag burying method, and the measurement result is shown in table 2.
Experimental example 2
The hydrostatic nutrient release rate of the coated fertilizer prepared in example 4 was determined according to the chemical industry standard HG/T4216-2011 (rapid detection method for the release period and release rate of the nutrients of the slow/controlled release fertilizer), and the determination results are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 1 examples 1-3 cumulative release rates of nutrients from coated fertilizers
| Cumulative release rate of sample% | 24h | 7d | 14d | 28d | 56d | 84d | 112d |
| Example 1 | 0.16 | 3.58 | 9.69 | 22.54 | 58.66 | 71.19 | 84.20 |
| Example 2 | 0.48 | 5.65 | 14.36 | 30.18 | 64.25 | 82.30 | 86.31 |
| Example 2 | 0.35 | 3.96 | 10.04 | 24.68 | 55.28 | 77.29 | 84.14 |
TABLE 2 examples 1-3 degradation rates of coated fertilizers
| Sample (I) | 150d cumulative degradation rate% |
| Example 1 | 38.7 |
| Example 2 | 45.5 |
| Example 2 | 41.2 |
TABLE 3 cumulative release rates of fertilizer nutrients at different coating amounts in example 4
| Amount of sample coating | 24h | 7d | 14d | 28d | 56d | 84d | 112d |
| 2％ | 4.53 | 13.61 | 31.48 | 55.00 | 73.54 | 83.63 | 85.10 |
| 3％ | 0.35 | 3.96 | 10.04 | 24.68 | 55.28 | 77.29 | 84.14 |
| 4％ | 0.16 | 3.21 | 11.86 | 19.60 | 41.90 | 60.11 | 74.66 |
From the above embodiments, the coated controlled release fertilizer provided by the invention can regulate the degradation period and the controlled release period, the degradation rate and the controlled release period of the fertilizer coating can be regulated and controlled by regulating the proportion of the polyol, and the controlled release period of the fertilizer can be further optimized by regulating the dosage of the coating material.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A coated controlled release fertilizer capable of regulating a degradation period and a controlled release period is characterized by comprising the following components: fertilizers and polyurethane coating materials; the polyurethane coating material is coated on the surface of the fertilizer; the polyurethane coating material includes isocyanate and mixed polyol.
2. The coated controlled-release fertilizer with the controllable degradation period and the controlled-release period as claimed in claim 1, wherein the amount of the polyurethane coating material is 2-5% of the mass of the fertilizer.
3. The coated controlled-release fertilizer with the controllable degradation period and the controlled-release period as claimed in claim 1, wherein the molar ratio of-NCO of isocyanate to-OH of mixed polyol is (1.1-1.3): 1.
4. the coated controlled-release fertilizer with controllable degradation period and controlled-release period of claim 3, wherein the isocyanate is diphenylmethane diisocyanate.
5. The coated controlled-release fertilizer capable of regulating and controlling the degradation period and the controlled-release period according to claim 1 or 3, wherein the mixed polyol comprises soybean oil polyol, castor oil, palm oil polyol and industrial polyether polyol.
6. The coated controlled-release fertilizer capable of regulating and controlling the degradation period and the controlled-release period according to claim 5, wherein the soybean oil polyol, the castor oil, the palm oil polyol and the industrial polyether polyol are in a mass ratio of (4-6): (3-1): (2-1): (1-2).
7. The coated controlled-release fertilizer with the controllable degradation period and the controlled-release period according to claim 1, wherein the fertilizer is any one of urea, diammonium phosphate, monoammonium phosphate, calcium superphosphate, triple superphosphate, potassium chloride, potassium nitrate and potassium sulfate.
8. The preparation method of the coated controlled-release fertilizer with the controllable degradation period and the controlled-release period as recited in any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising the following steps:
(1) screening the fertilizer to obtain fertilizer granules of 3-5 mm;
(2) mixing the fertilizer particles obtained in the step (1) with a sealant with the mass of 1-3 per mill of the fertilizer, and heating and melting at 60-70 ℃ to obtain a mixture;
(3) mixing soybean oil polyol, castor oil, palm oil polyol and industrial polyether polyol according to a mass ratio to prepare mixed polyol, and then heating and mixing the mixed polyol with isocyanate to prepare a polyurethane coating material;
(4) coating a polyurethane coating material on the surface of the mixture obtained in the step (2), and adding a catalyst;
(5) and (5) repeating the operation of the step (4) for 2-5 times after the polyurethane coating material is solidified to obtain the coated controlled release fertilizer.
9. The method for preparing the coated controlled-release fertilizer with the controllable degradation period and the controlled-release period as claimed in claim 8, wherein the temperature for preparing the polyurethane coating material by heating and mixing in the step (3) is 60-80 ℃.
10. The method for preparing the coated controlled-release fertilizer with the controllable degradation period and the controlled-release period as claimed in claim 8, wherein the catalyst in the step (3) is one of a tertiary amine catalyst, an organotin catalyst and a carboxylate catalyst, and the dosage of the catalyst is 0.1-0.2 mL/time.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111545577.7A CN114195579A (en) | 2021-12-16 | 2021-12-16 | Coated controlled-release fertilizer with adjustable degradation period and controlled-release period and preparation method thereof |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111545577.7A CN114195579A (en) | 2021-12-16 | 2021-12-16 | Coated controlled-release fertilizer with adjustable degradation period and controlled-release period and preparation method thereof |
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| CN114195579A true CN114195579A (en) | 2022-03-18 |
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Citations (4)
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| CN103304772A (en) * | 2013-06-27 | 2013-09-18 | 上海永通化工有限公司 | Controlled release fertilizer coated by vegetable oil based polyurethane and preparation method thereof |
| CN103772646A (en) * | 2013-12-31 | 2014-05-07 | 山东茂施生态肥料有限公司 | Biodegradation sustained-release fertilizer coating material containing soybean oil polyhydric alcohol and preparation process thereof |
| CN109867563A (en) * | 2018-04-12 | 2019-06-11 | 宋继宏 | A kind of sustained-controll-release fertiliser and preparation method thereof with water retaining function |
| US20200385319A1 (en) * | 2019-06-05 | 2020-12-10 | Oms Investments, Inc. | Controlled-release fertilizer compositions |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103304772A (en) * | 2013-06-27 | 2013-09-18 | 上海永通化工有限公司 | Controlled release fertilizer coated by vegetable oil based polyurethane and preparation method thereof |
| CN103772646A (en) * | 2013-12-31 | 2014-05-07 | 山东茂施生态肥料有限公司 | Biodegradation sustained-release fertilizer coating material containing soybean oil polyhydric alcohol and preparation process thereof |
| CN109867563A (en) * | 2018-04-12 | 2019-06-11 | 宋继宏 | A kind of sustained-controll-release fertiliser and preparation method thereof with water retaining function |
| US20200385319A1 (en) * | 2019-06-05 | 2020-12-10 | Oms Investments, Inc. | Controlled-release fertilizer compositions |
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Application publication date: 20220318 |